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Parihar A, Vishwakarma P, Khan R. Miniaturized MXene-based electrochemical biosensors for virus detection. Bioelectrochemistry 2024; 158:108700. [PMID: 38582009 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2024.108700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
The timely control of infectious diseases can prevent the spread of infections and mitigate the significant socio-economic damage witnessed during recent pandemics. Diagnostic methods play a significant role in detecting highly contagious agents, such as viruses, to prevent further transmission. The emergence of advanced point-of-care techniques offers several advantages over conventional approaches for detecting infectious agents. These techniques are highly sensitive, rapid, can be miniaturized, and are cost-effective. Recently, MXene-based 2D nanocomposites have proven beneficial for fabricating electrochemical biosensors due to their suitable electrical, optical, and mechanical properties. This article covers electrochemical biosensors based on MXene nanocomposite for the detection of viruses, along with the associated challenges and future possibilities. Additionally, we highlight various conventional techniques for the detection of infectious agents, discussing their pros and cons. We delve into the challenges faced during the fabrication of MXene-based biosensors and explore future endeavors. It is anticipated that the information presented in this work will pave the way for the development of Point-of-Care (POC) devices capable of sensitive and selective virus detection, enhancing preparedness for ongoing and future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpana Parihar
- Industrial Waste Utilization, Nano and Biomaterials, CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal- 462026, MP, India
| | - Preeti Vishwakarma
- Department of Microbiology, Barkatullah University, Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal- 462026, MP, India
| | - Raju Khan
- Industrial Waste Utilization, Nano and Biomaterials, CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal- 462026, MP, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad- 201002, India.
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Parihar A, Sharma P, Choudhary NK, Khan R, Gupta A, Sen RK, Prasad HC, Ashiq M. Green Synthesis of CdS and CdS/rGO Nanocomposites: Evaluation of Electrochemical, Antimicrobial, and Photocatalytic Properties. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2023; 6:3706-3716. [PMID: 37674302 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
The green approach has been employed for the synthesis of various types of nanomaterials including metal nanoparticles, metal oxides, and carbon-based nanomaterials. These processes involve natural sources that contain bioactive compounds that act as reducing, stabilizing, and capping agents for the formation and stabilization of nanomaterials. This study reports the green synthesis of CdS and CdS/rGO nanocomposites using Lactobacillus bacteria. The UV-visible spectrophotometer, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra confirm the synthesis of the nanocomposite. The electrochemical characterization using cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, and EIS revealed that the CdS/rGO nanocomposites showed a higher electron transfer rate compared with CdS nanoparticles, indicating the potential of the nanocomposites for biosensing applications. The zone of inhibition revealed significant antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus for both CdS nanoparticles and CdS/rGO nanocomposites. Additionally, CdS/rGO nanoparticles exhibited high photocatalytic activity for the degradation of methylene blue dye. Overall, this study demonstrates that the synthesized CdS and CdS/rGO nanocomposites have good electrochemical properties, photocatalytic, and antimicrobial activity and, therefore, can be employed for various applications such as biosensing, photocatalysis, and antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpana Parihar
- CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal 462026, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Palak Sharma
- NIMS Institute of Allied Medical Sciences and Technology, NIMS University, Jaipur 303121, Rajasthan, India
| | - Nishant Kumar Choudhary
- NIMS Institute of Allied Medical Sciences and Technology, NIMS University, Jaipur 303121, Rajasthan, India
| | - Raju Khan
- CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal 462026, Madhya Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ayush Gupta
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal 462020, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Raj Kumar Sen
- CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal 462026, Madhya Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Harish Chandra Prasad
- CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal 462026, Madhya Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Mohammad Ashiq
- CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal 462026, Madhya Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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Ullah A, Atia-tul-Wahab, Gong P, Khan AM, Choudhary MI. Identification of new inhibitors of NS5 from dengue virus using saturation transfer difference (STD-NMR) and molecular docking studies. RSC Adv 2022; 13:355-369. [PMID: 36605638 PMCID: PMC9768849 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra04836a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid spread of dengue virus has now emerged as a major health problem worldwide, particularly in tropical and sub-tropical regions. Nearly half of the human population is at risk of getting infection. Among the proteomes of dengue virus, nonstructural protein NS5 is conserved across the genus Flavivirus. NS5 comprises methyltransferase enzyme (MTase) domain, which helps in viral RNA capping, and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) domain, which is important for the virus replication. Negative modulation of NS5 decreases its activity and associated functions. Despite recent advances, there is still an immense need for effective approaches toward drug discovery against dengue virus. Drug repurposing is an approach to identify the new therapeutic indications of already approved drugs, for the treatment of both common and rare diseases, and can potentially lower the cost, and time required for drug discovery and development. In this study, we evaluated 75 compounds (grouped into 15 mixtures), including 13 natural compounds and 62 drugs, by using biophysical methods, for their ability to interact with NS5 protein, which were further validated by molecular docking and simulation studies. Our current study led to the identification of 12 ligands, including both 9 US-FDA approved drugs and 3 natural products that need to be further studied as potential antiviral agents against dengue virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmat Ullah
- Dr Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center of Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of KarachiKarachi75270Pakistan
| | - Atia-tul-Wahab
- Dr Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center of Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of KarachiKarachi75270Pakistan
| | - Peng Gong
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhanHubei 430071China
| | - Abdul Mateen Khan
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of KarachiKarachi75270Pakistan
| | - M. Iqbal Choudhary
- Dr Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center of Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of KarachiKarachi75270Pakistan,H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of KarachiKarachi75270Pakistan,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah-21589Saudi Arabia
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Parihar A, Ahmed SS, Sharma P, Choudhary NK, Akter F, Ali MA, Sonia ZF, Khan R. Plant-based bioactive molecules for targeting of endoribonuclease using steered molecular dynamic simulation approach: a highly conserved therapeutic target against variants of SARS-CoV-2. Molecular Simulation 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2022.2113811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arpana Parihar
- Industrial Waste Utilization, Nano and Biomaterials, CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Bhopal, India
| | - Sayeda Samina Ahmed
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Division of Computer-Aided Drug Design, The Red-Green Research Centre, BICCB, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Palak Sharma
- NIMS Institute of Allied Medical Science and Technology, NIMS University, Jaipur, India
| | | | - Farjana Akter
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Division of Computer-Aided Drug Design, The Red-Green Research Centre, BICCB, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ackas Ali
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Division of Computer-Aided Drug Design, The Red-Green Research Centre, BICCB, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Zannatul Ferdous Sonia
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Division of Computer-Aided Drug Design, The Red-Green Research Centre, BICCB, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Raju Khan
- Industrial Waste Utilization, Nano and Biomaterials, CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Bhopal, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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Parihar A, Dube A. Structural alterations in cell organelles induced by photodynamic treatment with chlorin p 6 -histamine conjugate in human oral carcinoma cells probed by 3D fluorescence microscopy. LUMINESCENCE 2022. [PMID: 35698308 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We have explored the intracellular cell organelle's structural alterations after photodynamic treatment with chlorin p6 -histamine conjugate (Cp6 -his) in human oral cancer cells. Herein, the cells were treated with Cp6 -his (10 μm) and counterstained with organelle-specific fluorescence probes to find the site of intracellular localization using confocal microscopy. For photodynamic therapy (PDT), the cells were exposed to ~30 kJ/m2 red light (660 ± 20 nm) to induce ~90% cytotoxicity. We used the three-dimensional (3D) image reconstruction approach to analyze the photodynamic damage to cell organelles. The result showed that Cp6 -his localized mainly in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and lysosomes but not in mitochondria and Golgi apparatus (GA). The 3D model revealed that in necrotic cells, PDT led to extensive fragmentation of ER and fragmentation and swelling of GA as well. Results suggest that the indirect damage to GA occurred due to loss of connection between ER and GA. Moreover, in damaged cells with no sign of necrosis, the perinuclear ER appeared condensed and surrounded by several small clumps at the peripheral region of the cell, and the GA was observed to form a single condensed structure. Since these structural changes were associated with apoptotic cell death, it is suggested that the necrotic and apoptotic death induced by PDT with Cp6 -his is determined by the severity of damage to ER and indirect damage to GA. The results suggest that the indirect damage to cell organelle apart from the sites of photosensitizer localization and the severity of damage at the organelle level contribute significantly to the mode of cell death in PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpana Parihar
- Industrial Waste Utilization, Nano and Biomaterials, CSIR - Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI), Bhopal, India
| | - Alok Dube
- Laser Biomedical Applications Division, Raja Ramanna Center for Advanced Technology Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
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