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Li XL, Zhang QM, Lu SY, Liu TT, Li SL, Chen L, Xie FN, Wang L, Zhang CH, Wang DY, Huang LM. Accidental ingestion of multiple magnetic beads by children and their impact on the gastrointestinal tract: a single-center study. BMC Pediatr 2024; 24:5. [PMID: 38172693 PMCID: PMC10763124 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04425-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to enhance the treatment protocols and help understand the harm caused by the accidental ingestion of magnetic beads by children. METHODS Data were collected from 72 children with multiple gastrointestinal perforations or gastrointestinal obstructions. The 72 pediatric patients were divided into a perforation and a non-perforation group. The data collected for the analysis included the gender, age, medical history, place of residence (rural or urban), and symptoms along with the educational background of the caregiver, the location and quantity of any foreign bodies discovered during the procedure, whether perforation was confirmed during the procedure, and the number of times magnetic beads had been accidentally ingested. RESULTS The accuracy rate of preoperative gastrointestinal perforation diagnosis via ultrasound was 71%, while that of the upright abdominal X-ray method was only 46%. In terms of symptoms, the risk of perforation was 13.844 and 12.703 times greater in pediatric patients who experienced vomiting and abdominal pain with vomiting and abdominal distension, respectively, compared to patients in an asymptomatic state. There were no statistical differences between the perforation and the non-perforation groups in terms of age, gender, medical history, and the number of magnetic beads ingested (P > 0.05); however, there were statistical differences in terms of white blood cell count (P = 0.048) and c-reactive protein levels (P = 0.033). A total of 56% of cases underwent a laparotomy along with perforation repair and 19% underwent gastroscopy along with laparotomy. All pediatric patients recovered without complications following surgery. CONCLUSION Abdominal ultrasonography and/or upright abdominal X-ray analyses should be carried out as soon as possible in case of suspicion of accidental ingestion of magnetic beads by children. In most cases, immediate surgical intervention is required. Given the serious consequences of ingesting this type of foreign body, it is essential to inform parents and/or caregivers about the importance of preventing young children from using such products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Ling Li
- Department of Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, 56 Nanlishi Road, Xicheng District, 100045, Beijing, China
| | - Qin-Ming Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Beijing United Family Hospital, 100015, Beijing, China
| | - Shou-Yan Lu
- Department of Surgery, Beijing Aiyuhua Women's and Children's Hospital, 100176, Beijing, China
| | - Ting-Ting Liu
- Department of Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, 56 Nanlishi Road, Xicheng District, 100045, Beijing, China
| | - Shuan-Ling Li
- Department of Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, 56 Nanlishi Road, Xicheng District, 100045, Beijing, China
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, 56 Nanlishi Road, Xicheng District, 100045, Beijing, China
| | - Fang-Nan Xie
- Department of Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, 56 Nanlishi Road, Xicheng District, 100045, Beijing, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, 56 Nanlishi Road, Xicheng District, 100045, Beijing, China
| | - Chuang-Hui Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, 56 Nanlishi Road, Xicheng District, 100045, Beijing, China
| | - Da-Yong Wang
- Department of Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, 56 Nanlishi Road, Xicheng District, 100045, Beijing, China.
| | - Liu-Ming Huang
- Department of Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, 56 Nanlishi Road, Xicheng District, 100045, Beijing, China.
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Saps M. Response to L.A. Llanco-Albornoz et al. concerning "Magnet ingestion knows no borders: A threat for Latin American children, aspects not considered in the study". Rev Gastroenterol Mex (Engl Ed) 2023; 88:194-195. [PMID: 37147269 DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmxen.2023.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Saps
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Miami, Mailman Center, Miami, United States.
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Li XL, Zhang QM, Lu SY, Liu TT, Yao ZM, Zhang WP, Chen YJ, Chen L, Xie FN. Clinical report and analysis of 24 cases of multiple magnetic beads foreign body in gastrointestinal tract of children. Turk J Gastroenterol 2020; 31:819-824. [PMID: 33361046 DOI: 10.5152/tjg.2020.19600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS This study aimed to analyze the data of 24 cases of multiple perforation or obstruction of the digestive tract caused by accidental ingestion of magnetic beads, to improve the understanding of its harmfulness to children and explore the best treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS In total, 24 cases were collected and retrospectively analyzed. These patients were divided into two groups: perforation group and non-perforation group. The medical history, number of magnetic beads, white blood cell (WBC) count, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were analyzed. RESULTS There was no significant difference in age, gender, medical history, number of magnetic beads, and WBC count between the perforation group and non-perforation group, but there was a significant difference in CRP. After the diagnosis, 70% of the cases underwent laparotomy and perforation repair. All cases recovered smoothly after the operation, and no complications occurred during the follow-up. CONCLUSION This study offers diagnosis and treatment methods for the perforation or obstruction of the digestive tract caused by accidental ingestion of magnetic beads and raises the awareness regarding the harmfulness of the presence of foreign bodies in the digestive tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Ling Li
- Department of Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Qin-Ming Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Beijing United Family Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shou-Yan Lu
- Department of Surgery, Beijing Aiyuhua Women's and Children's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ting-Ting Liu
- Department of Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Zi-Ming Yao
- Department of Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Ping Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Jun Chen
- Department of Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Fang-Nan Xie
- Department of Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
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Lorenze A, Downey S, Costello LM, Menchini CB. Gastric Mucosa Fistula Secondary to Magnet Ingestion. JPGN Rep 2020; 1:e015. [PMID: 37206608 PMCID: PMC10191461 DOI: 10.1097/pg9.0000000000000015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A 15-month-old female was incidentally found to have foreign bodies in the left upper quadrant on chest and abdominal imaging. She had no witnessed ingestion or gastrointestinal symptoms. Subsequent esophagogastroduodenoscopy showed 11 magnets, which formed a gastric mucosa fistula making endoscopic removal difficult. This case highlights the dangers of high-powered magnets and the unique challenges they can pose to endoscopists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Lorenze
- From the Department of Pediatrics, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV
| | - Syndey Downey
- From the Department of Pediatrics, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV
| | - Lisa M. Costello
- From the Department of Pediatrics, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV
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Yuksel C, Ankarali S, Yuksel NA. The use of neodymium magnets in healthcare and their effects on health. North Clin Istanb 2018; 5:268-73. [PMID: 30688942 DOI: 10.14744/nci.2017.00483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The strong magnetic field properties of magnets have led to their use in many modern technologies, as well as in the fields of medicine and dentistry. Neodymium magnets are a powerful type of magnet that has been the subject of recent research. This review provides a brief explanation of the definition, history, and characteristics of rare earth magnets. In addition, a broad overview of results obtained in studies performed to date on the effects of magnets, and neodymium magnets in particular, on body systems, tissues, organs, diseases, and treatment is provided. Though they are used in the health sector in various diagnostic devices and as therapeutic tools, there is some potential for harmful effects, as well as the risk of accident. The research is still insufficient; however, neodymium magnets appear to hold great promise for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
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Kulak S, Stein REK. Toy Age-Labeling: An Overview for Pediatricians of How Toys Receive Their Age Safety and Developmental Designations. Pediatrics 2016; 138:peds.2015-1803. [PMID: 27273747 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2015-1803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Injuries related to toys continue to cause significant childhood morbidity and mortality, despite considerable government regulation of the toy industry. Recent controversy related to toys that contain strong magnets demonstrate the dangers they pose to children. The pediatric community is often unaware of how toys receive their developmental and safety labeling and the degree to which age-labeling on toys can be discretionary. Toy labeling has 2 basic manifestations. The first, safety labeling for hazards like small parts, balloons, or small balls that may present a choking risk, is mandatory. The second, "developmental" age-labeling, describes the age of the children for which the toy is intended, and sometimes has discretionary components. This article provides a review of the regulations governing toy age-safety standards and how they are reflected on toy packaging to help pediatric practitioners apply safety advice across settings and patient characteristics. We review the existing age-labeling regulations and processes and discuss the major areas where children remain vulnerable despite labeling. Finally, we list some recommendations for counseling parents about toy safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuli Kulak
- Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Ruth E K Stein
- Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
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Abstract
During the last decade, there has been a significant increase in the number of magnetic toys available for children. Two or more magnets separate from each other along the gastrointestinal course can attract each other across bowel walls, resulting in pressure necrosis, bowel perforations and fistulas formation. This has led to an increasing number of case reports describing serious complications from ingesting more than one magnet. We report the ingestion of a large number of magnets from one toy (>60 pieces). Our patient presented with generalised peritonitis and shock. During emergency laparotomy, she was found to have gross abdominal contamination with multiple bowel perforations and fistulae. This report emphasises the danger of such toys and how important that parents, physicians and manufacturers are aware of such fatal hazards that can arise from 'unsupervised' ingestion of these 'nice-looking' toys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Sameh Shalaby
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Bristol Royal Children's Hospital, Bristol, UK Department of Paediatric Surgery, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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