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Baranov D, Timerbaev V. Recent Advances in Studying the Regulation of Fruit Ripening in Tomato Using Genetic Engineering Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:760. [PMID: 38255834 PMCID: PMC10815249 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the most commercially essential vegetable crops cultivated worldwide. In addition to the nutritional value, tomato is an excellent model for studying climacteric fruits' ripening processes. Despite this, the available natural pool of genes that allows expanding phenotypic diversity is limited, and the difficulties of crossing using classical selection methods when stacking traits increase proportionally with each additional feature. Modern methods of the genetic engineering of tomatoes have extensive potential applications, such as enhancing the expression of existing gene(s), integrating artificial and heterologous gene(s), pointing changes in target gene sequences while keeping allelic combinations characteristic of successful commercial varieties, and many others. However, it is necessary to understand the fundamental principles of the gene molecular regulation involved in tomato fruit ripening for its successful use in creating new varieties. Although the candidate genes mediate ripening have been identified, a complete picture of their relationship has yet to be formed. This review summarizes the latest (2017-2023) achievements related to studying the ripening processes of tomato fruits. This work attempts to systematize the results of various research articles and display the interaction pattern of genes regulating the process of tomato fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Baranov
- Laboratory of Expression Systems and Plant Genome Modification, Branch of Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, 142290 Pushchino, Russia;
- Laboratory of Plant Genetic Engineering, All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, 127550 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vadim Timerbaev
- Laboratory of Expression Systems and Plant Genome Modification, Branch of Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, 142290 Pushchino, Russia;
- Laboratory of Plant Genetic Engineering, All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, 127550 Moscow, Russia
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Gogliettino M, Cocca E, Apone F, Del Prete S, Balestrieri M, Mirino S, Arciello S, Palmieri G. A new versatile peroxidase with extremophilic traits over-produced in MicroTom cell cultures. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15338. [PMID: 37714949 PMCID: PMC10504257 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42597-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxidases are widespread key antioxidant enzymes that catalyse the oxidation of electron donor substrates in parallel with the decomposition of H2O2. In this work, a novel tomato peroxidase, named SAAP2, was isolated from MicroTom cell cultures, purified, and characterised. The enzyme was identified with 64% sequence coverage as the leprx21 gene product (suberization-associated anionic peroxidase 2-like) from Solanum lycopersicum, 334 amino acids long. Compared to other plant peroxidases, SAAP2 was more active at elevated temperatures, with the optimal temperature and pH at 90 °C and 5.0, respectively. Furthermore, the enzyme retained more than 80% of its maximal activity over the range of 70-80 °C and the presence of NaCl (1.0-4.5 M). It also exhibited broad pH versatility (65% relative activity over the pH range 2.0-7.0), acid-tolerance (80% residual activity after 22 h at pH 2.0-7.0), high thermostability (50% residual activity after 2 h at 80 °C) and proteolytic resistance. SAAP2 exhibited exceptional resistance under thermo-acidic conditions compared to the horseradish peroxidase benchmark, suggesting that it may find potential applications as a supplement or anti-pollution agent in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Gogliettino
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Ennio Cocca
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabio Apone
- Novamont SpA, loc. La Fagianeria Snc, Piana di Monte Verna, Caserta, Italy
| | - Sonia Del Prete
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Balestrieri
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Sara Mirino
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Gianna Palmieri
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131, Naples, Italy
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González-Gordo S, Muñoz-Vargas MA, Palma JM, Corpas FJ. Class III Peroxidases (POD) in Pepper ( Capsicum annuum L.): Genome-Wide Identification and Regulation during Nitric Oxide (NO)-Influenced Fruit Ripening. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051013. [PMID: 37237879 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The class III peroxidases (PODs) catalyze the oxidation of several substrates coupled to the reduction of H2O2 to water, and play important roles in diverse plant processes. The POD family members have been well-studied in several plant species, but little information is available on sweet pepper fruit physiology. Based on the existing pepper genome, a total of 75 CaPOD genes have been identified, but only 10 genes were found in the fruit transcriptome (RNA-Seq). The time-course expression analysis of these genes showed that two were upregulated during fruit ripening, seven were downregulated, and one gene was unaffected. Furthermore, nitric oxide (NO) treatment triggered the upregulation of two CaPOD genes whereas the others were unaffected. Non-denaturing PAGE and in-gel activity staining allowed identifying four CaPOD isozymes (CaPOD I-CaPOD IV) which were differentially modulated during ripening and by NO. In vitro analyses of green fruit samples with peroxynitrite, NO donors, and reducing agents triggered about 100% inhibition of CaPOD IV. These data support the modulation of POD at gene and activity levels, which is in agreement with the nitro-oxidative metabolism of pepper fruit during ripening, and suggest that POD IV is a target for nitration and reducing events that lead to its inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador González-Gordo
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Stress, Development and Signaling in Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), C/Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - María A Muñoz-Vargas
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Stress, Development and Signaling in Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), C/Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - José M Palma
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Stress, Development and Signaling in Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), C/Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco J Corpas
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Stress, Development and Signaling in Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), C/Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
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Ponsankar A, Senthil-Nathan S, Vasantha-Srinivasan P, Pandiyan R, Karthi S, Kalaivani K, Chellappandian M, Narayanaswamy R, Thanigaivel A, Patcharin K, Mahboob S, Al-Ghanim KA. Systematic induced resistance in Solanum lycopersicum (L.) against vascular wilt pathogen (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici) by Citrullus colocynthis and Trichoderma viride. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0278616. [PMID: 37130086 PMCID: PMC10153711 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The antifungal effects of Citrullus colocynthis extract (Hexane, chloroform, methanol, and water) were tested in vitro on Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Sacc.) W. C. Snyder & H. N. Hans (FOL), the causal agent of Fusarium wilt. Of these, methanol and water extract at 10% showed the highest inhibition of mycelial growth of FOL by 12.32 and 23.61 mm respectively. The antifungal compounds were identified through Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). The methanol extract was compatible with the biocontrol agent Trichoderma viride. The antagonistic fungi were mass-cultured under laboratory conditions using sorghum seeds. Both T. viride and C. colocynthis methanol extract was also tested alone and together against FOL under both in vitro and in vivo conditions. The combination of T. viride and C. colocynthis showed the highest percentage of antifungal activity (82.92%) against FOL under in vitro conditions. This study revealed that induced systemic resistance (ISR) in enhancing the disease resistance in tomato plants against Fusarium wilt disease. The combined treatment of T. viride and C. colocynthis significantly reduced the disease incidence and index by 21.92 and 27.02% in greenhouse conditions, respectively. Further, the induction of defense enzymes, such as peroxidase (PO), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), β-1,3-glucanase, and chitinase were studied. The accumulation of defense enzyme was greater in plants treated with a combination of T. viride and C. colocynthis compared to the control. Reduction of wilt disease in tomato plants due to the involvement of defense-related enzymes is presumed through this experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athirstam Ponsankar
- Division of Bio-pesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sengottayan Senthil-Nathan
- Division of Bio-pesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Prabhakaran Vasantha-Srinivasan
- Department of Bioinformatics, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha School of Engineering, Chennai, India
| | - Raghuraman Pandiyan
- Department of Bioinformatics, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha School of Engineering, Chennai, India
| | - Sengodan Karthi
- Division of Bio-pesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Kandaswamy Kalaivani
- Post Graduate and Research Department of Zoology, Sri Parasakthi College for Women, Courtrallam, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Muthiah Chellappandian
- PG and Research Department of Botany, V.O. Chidambaram College, Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Radhakrishnan Narayanaswamy
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Annamalai Thanigaivel
- Division of Bio-pesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Krutmuang Patcharin
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Faculty of Agriculture, Innovative Agriculture Research Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Shahid Mahboob
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Kidwai M, Ahmad IZ, Chakrabarty D. Class III peroxidase: an indispensable enzyme for biotic/abiotic stress tolerance and a potent candidate for crop improvement. Plant Cell Rep 2020; 39:1381-1393. [PMID: 32886139 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02588-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Class III peroxidases are secretory enzymes which belong to a ubiquitous multigene family in higher plants and have been identified to play role in a broad range of physiological and developmental processes. Potentially, it is involved in generation and detoxification of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and their subcellular localization reflects through three different cycles, namely peroxidative cycle, oxidative and hydroxylic cycles to maintain the ROS level inside the cell. Being an antioxidant, class III peroxidases are an important initial defence adapted by plants to cope with biotic and abiotic stresses. Both these stresses have become a major concern in the field of agriculture due to their devastating effect on plant growth and development. Despite numerous studies on plant defence against both the stresses, only a handful role of class III peroxidases have been uncovered by its functional characterization. This review will cover our current understanding on class III peroxidases and the signalling involved in their regulation under both types of stresses. The review will give a view of class III peroxidases and highlights their indispensable role under stress conditions. Its future application will be discussed to showcase their importance in crop improvement by genetic manipulation and by transcriptome analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kidwai
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Integral University, Uttar Pradesh, Kursi road, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | | | - Debasis Chakrabarty
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Yan J, Su P, Li W, Xiao G, Zhao Y, Ma X, Wang H, Nevo E, Kong L. Genome-wide and evolutionary analysis of the class III peroxidase gene family in wheat and Aegilops tauschii reveals that some members are involved in stress responses. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:666. [PMID: 31438842 PMCID: PMC6704529 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6006-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The class III peroxidase (PRX) gene family is a plant-specific member of the PRX superfamily that is closely related to various physiological processes, such as cell wall loosening, lignification, and abiotic and biotic stress responses. However, its classification, evolutionary history and gene expression patterns are unclear in wheat and Aegilops tauschii. Results Here, we identified 374, 159 and 169 PRXs in Triticum aestivum, Triticum urartu and Ae. tauschii, respectively. Together with PRXs detected from eight other plants, they were classified into 18 subfamilies. Among subfamilies V to XVIII, a conserved exon-intron structure within the “001” exon phases was detected in the PRX domain. Based on the analysis, we proposed a phylogenetic model to infer the evolutionary history of the exon-intron structures of PRX subfamilies. A comparative genomics analysis showed that subfamily VII could be the ancient subfamily that originated from green algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii). Further integrated analysis of chromosome locations and collinearity events of PRX genes suggested that both whole genome duplication (WGD) and tandem duplication (TD) events contributed to the expansion of T. aestivum PRXs (TaePRXs) during wheat evolution. To validate functions of these genes in the regulation of various physiological processes, the expression patterns of PRXs in different tissues and under various stresses were studied using public microarray datasets. The results suggested that there were distinct expression patterns among different tissues and PRXs could be involved in biotic and abiotic responses in wheat. qRT-PCR was performed on samples exposed to drought, phytohormone treatments and Fusarium graminearum infection to validate the microarray predictions. The predicted subcellular localizations of some TaePRXs were consistent with the confocal microscopy results. We predicted that some TaePRXs had hormone-responsive cis-elements in their promoter regions and validated these predicted cis-acting elements by sequencing promoters. Conclusion In this study, identification, classification, evolution, and expression patterns of PRXs in wheat and relative plants were performed. Our results will provide information for further studies on the evolution and molecular mechanisms of wheat PRXs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-6006-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yan
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Peisen Su
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Guilian Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Eviatar Nevo
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Khoushy Ave., Mount Carmel, 3498838, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Lingrang Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, People's Republic of China.
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