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Williams HR, Tokach MD, Woodworth JC, DeRouchey JM, Goodband RD, Bergstrom JR, Rahe MC, Siepker CL, Sitthicharoenchai P, Ensley SM, Radke SL, Gebhardt JT. Diagnostic survey of analytical methods used to determine bone mineralization in pigs. J Anim Sci 2024; 102:skae090. [PMID: 38563521 PMCID: PMC11017503 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Pigs from 64 commercial sites across 14 production systems in the Midwest United States were evaluated for baseline biological measurements used to determine bone mineralization. There were three pigs selected from each commercial site representing: 1) a clinically normal pig (healthy), 2) a pig with evidence of clinical lameness (lame), and 3) a pig from a hospital pen that was assumed to have recent low feed intake (unhealthy). Pigs ranged in age from nursery to market weight, with the three pigs sampled from each site representing the same age or phase of production. Blood, urine, metacarpal, fibula, 2nd rib, and 10th rib were collected and analyzed. Each bone was measured for density and ash (defatted and non-defatted technique). A bone × pig type interaction (P < 0.001) was observed for defatted and non-defatted bone ash and density. For defatted bone ash, there were no differences among pig types for the fibulas, 2nd rib, and 10th rib (P > 0.10), but metacarpals from healthy pigs had greater (P < 0.05) percentage bone ash compared to unhealthy pigs, with the lame pigs intermediate. For non-defatted bone ash, there were no differences among pig types for metacarpals and fibulas (P > 0.10), but unhealthy pigs had greater (P < 0.05) non-defatted percentage bone ash for 2nd and 10th ribs compared to healthy pigs, with lame pigs intermediate. Healthy and lame pigs had greater (P < 0.05) bone density than unhealthy pigs for metacarpals and fibulas, with no difference observed for ribs (P > 0.10). Healthy pigs had greater (P < 0.05) serum Ca and 25(OH)D3 compared to unhealthy pigs, with lame pigs intermediate. Healthy pigs had greater (P < 0.05) serum P compared to unhealthy and lame pigs, with no differences between the unhealthy and lame pigs. Unhealthy pigs excreted significantly more (P < 0.05) P and creatinine in the urine compared to healthy pigs with lame pigs intermediate. In summary, there are differences in serum Ca, P, and vitamin D among healthy, lame, and unhealthy pigs. Differences in bone mineralization among pig types varied depending on the analytical procedure and bone, with a considerable range in values within pig type across the 14 production systems sampled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadley R Williams
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-0201, USA
| | - Mike D Tokach
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-0201, USA
| | - Jason C Woodworth
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-0201, USA
| | - Joel M DeRouchey
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-0201, USA
| | - Robert D Goodband
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-0201, USA
| | | | - Michael C Rahe
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Christopher L Siepker
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Panchan Sitthicharoenchai
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Steve M Ensley
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-0201, USA
| | - Scott L Radke
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Jordan T Gebhardt
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-0201, USA
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Li Y, Dong B. Development and validation of risk prediction nomograms for acute respiratory failure in elderly patients with hip fracture. J Orthop Surg Res 2023; 18:899. [PMID: 38007467 PMCID: PMC10676597 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-04395-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hip fractures in the elderly often lead to acute respiratory failure, but there is currently no tool to assess the prognosis of such patients. This study aims to develop a risk prediction model for respiratory failure in these patients. METHODS A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC)-IV database, incorporating data from 3,266 patients with hip fractures aged over 55 years from 2008 to 2019. Data included demographic information, laboratory indicators, comorbidities, and treatment methods. Patients were divided into a training group (70%) and a validation group (30%). Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression was applied to select prognostic predictors, and a visualized nomogram model was constructed using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Model performance and clinical applicability were assessed. Statistical analyses were done using R4.2.2, with P < 0.05 deemed significant. RESULTS Seven key factors, including age, height, albumin, chloride, pneumonia, acute kidney injury (AKI), and heparin use, were associated with respiratory failure risk. The model demonstrated good performance with area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.77 and 0.73 in the training and validation sets, respectively. The calibration curve showed good agreement, and decision curve analysis (DCA) indicated the model's clinical benefit. CONCLUSIONS This risk prediction model can effectively predict respiratory failure in hip fracture patients, assisting clinicians in identifying high-risk individuals and providing evidence-based references for treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- Pain ward of Rehabilitation Department, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 555 Youyi East Road, Beilin District, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Bo Dong
- Pain ward of Rehabilitation Department, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 555 Youyi East Road, Beilin District, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi Province, China.
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Yu D, Chen W, Zhang J, Wei L, Qin J, Lei M, Tang H, Wang Y, Xue S, Dong J, Chen Y, Xie L, Di H. Effects of weight loss on bone turnover, inflammatory cytokines, and adipokines in Chinese overweight and obese adults. J Endocrinol Invest 2022; 45:1757-1767. [PMID: 35635643 PMCID: PMC9360139 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-022-01815-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Plenty of studies have examined the long term effect of weight loss on bone mineral density. This study aimed to explore the effects of 10% weight loss on early changes in bone metabolism as well as the possible influencing factors. METHODS Overweight and obese outpatients (BMI > 24.0 kg/m2) were recruited from the nutrition clinic and followed a calorie-restricted, high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet program. Dietary intake, body composition, serum procollagen type I N-propeptide (PINP), β-Crosslaps, PTH, 25(OH) VitD, a series of inflammatory cytokines and adipokines were measured for the participants before starting to lose weight and after 10% weight loss (NCT04207879). RESULTS A total of 75 participants were enrolled and 37 participants achieved a weight loss of at least 10%. It was found that PINP decreased (p = 0.000) and the β-Crosslaps increased (p = 0.035) in female participants. Decreases in PTH (p = 0.001), serum IL-2 (p = 0.013), leptin (p = 0.001) and increases in 25(OH) VitD (p = 0.001), serum ghrelin (p = 0.033) were found in 37 participants after 10% of their weight had been lost. Change in PINP was detected to be significantly associated with change in lean body mass (r = 0.418, p = 0.012) and change in serum ghrelin(r = - 0.374, p = 0.023). CONCLUSIONS Bone formation was suppressed and bone absorption was increased in female subjects after a 10% weight loss. Bone turnover was found to be associated with lean body mass and affected by the circulating ghrelin level.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Yu
- Department of Nutrition, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - W Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - J Zhang
- Clinical Biochemistry Lab, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - L Wei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - J Qin
- The Biobank, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - M Lei
- Department of Nutrition, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - H Tang
- Department of Nutrition, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Nutrition, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - S Xue
- Department of Nutrition, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - J Dong
- Joint Department, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Y Chen
- The Graduate School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - L Xie
- School of Chemical Engineering, Shijiazhuang University, Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - H Di
- Department of Nutrition, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In addition to the actions of the endocrine hormone, 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) in stimulating intestinal calcium absorption, the regulation of bone mineral metabolism by 1,25(OH)2D is also considered an important contributor to calcium homeostasis. However, recent evidence suggest that 1,25(OH)2D acting either via endocrine or autocrine pathways plays varied roles in bone, which suggests that vitamin D contributes to the maintenance of bone mineral in addition to its catabolic roles. This review highlights the contrasting evidence for the direct action for vitamin D metabolism and activity in bone. RECENT FINDINGS Numerous cells within bone express vitamin D receptor (VDR), synthesise and catabolise 1,25(OH)2D via 25-hydroxyvitamin D 1alpha-hydroxylase (CYP27B1), and 25-hydroxyvitamin D 24-hydroxylase (CYP24A1) enzymes, respectively. Recent evidence suggests that all three genes are required to regulate processes of bone resorption, mineralization and fracture repair. The actions of vitamin D in bone appear to negatively or positively regulate bone mineral depending on the physiological and pathological circumstances, suggesting that vitamin D plays pleiotropic roles in bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul H Anderson
- Musculoskeletal Biology Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia.
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Fischer V, Haffner-Luntzer M, Prystaz K, Vom Scheidt A, Busse B, Schinke T, Amling M, Ignatius A. Calcium and vitamin-D deficiency marginally impairs fracture healing but aggravates posttraumatic bone loss in osteoporotic mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7223. [PMID: 28775273 PMCID: PMC5543125 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07511-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium and vitamin-D (Ca/VitD) deficiency is a major risk factor for osteoporosis. It may also contribute to the compromised bone healing frequently observed in osteoporotic patients, since calcium is essential for fracture-callus mineralization. Additionally, clinical data suggest systemic bone loss following fracture, which may aggravate osteoporosis and thus increase the risk for fragility fractures in osteoporotic patients further. However, the role of Ca/VitD in fracture healing and posttraumatic bone turnover has to date been poorly investigated. Here, we studied bone regeneration and posttraumatic bone turnover in C57BL/6 J mice with ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis. Mice were fed a standard or a Ca/VitD-deficient diet. Notably, fracture healing was only marginally disturbed in Ca/VitD-deficient mice. However, deficient mice displayed significantly increased serum parathyroid hormone levels and osteoclast activity, as well as reduced bone mass in the intact skeleton post-fracture, suggesting considerably enhanced calcium mobilization from the intact skeleton during bone regeneration. Ca/VitD supplementation initiated post-fracture prevented posttraumatic bone loss by reducing bone resorption and furthermore improved bone repair. These results imply that adequate Ca/VitD supply post-fracture is essential to provide sufficient calcium for callus-mineralization in order to prevent posttraumatic bone loss and to reduce the risk for secondary fractures in osteoporotic patients with Ca/VitD deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Fischer
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Centre Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Melanie Haffner-Luntzer
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Centre Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Katja Prystaz
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Centre Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Annika Vom Scheidt
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Björn Busse
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schinke
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Amling
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anita Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Centre Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
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Fan C, Georgiou KR, Morris HA, Mckinnon RA, Keefe DMK, Howe PR, Xian CJ. Combination breast cancer chemotherapy with doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide damages bone and bone marrow in a female rat model. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2017; 165:41-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-017-4308-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Yoo HS, Kim GJ, Song DH, Chung KH, Lee KJ, Kim DH, An JH. Calcium Supplement Derived from Gallus gallus domesticus Promotes BMP-2/RUNX2/SMAD5 and Suppresses TRAP/RANK Expression through MAPK Signaling Activation. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9050504. [PMID: 28513557 PMCID: PMC5452234 DOI: 10.3390/nu9050504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated the effects of a calcium (Ca) supplement derived from Gallus gallus domesticus (GD) on breaking force, microarchitecture, osteogenic differentiation and osteoclast differentiation factor expression in vivo in Ca-deficient ovariectomized (OVX) rats. One percent of Ca supplement significantly improved Ca content and bone strength of the tibia. In micro-computed tomography analysis, 1% Ca supplement attenuated OVX- and low Ca-associated changes in bone mineral density, trabecular thickness, spacing and number. Moreover, 1% Ca-supplemented diet increased the expression of osteoblast differentiation marker genes, such as bone morphogenetic protein-2, Wnt3a, small mothers against decapentaplegic 1/5/8, runt-related transcription factor 2, osteocalcin and collagenase-1, while it decreased the expression of osteoclast differentiation genes, such as thrombospondin-related anonymous protein, cathepsin K and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B. Furthermore, 1% Ca-supplemented diet increased the levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinase. The increased expression of osteoblast differentiation marker genes and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling were associated with significant increases in trabecular bone volume, which plays an important role in the overall skeletal strength. Our results demonstrated that 1% Ca supplement inhibited osteoclastogenesis, stimulated osteoblastogenesis and restored bone loss in OVX rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Seok Yoo
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, Seoul 01811, Korea.
| | - Gyung-Ji Kim
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04170, Korea.
| | - Da Hye Song
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, Seoul 01811, Korea.
| | - Kang-Hyun Chung
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, Seoul 01811, Korea.
| | - Kwon-Jai Lee
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Daejeon University, Daejeon 34520, Korea.
| | - Dong-Hee Kim
- Department of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon 34520, Korea.
| | - Jeung Hee An
- Division of Food Bioscience, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea.
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Abstract
The bone tissue is metabolically active. Throughout the entire life, it undergoes changes in the form of bone resorption processes which are successive, with the participation of the resorbing cells and bone formation processes. The aim of the study was to evaluate mineral density and bone mass tissue and the lipid profile, BMI, total body fat in young females and males. The study involved 100 people (50 females and 50 males) studying in Warsaw at the age of 23,2 ± 4,0 years. The densitometry method of the forearm was used for the assessment of bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mass (BMC). The method of bioelectrical impedance was used for the assessment of body components. Basic body dimensions and indicators were assessed using anthropometric measurements. Body height, body mass and the needs for the densitometry study of the forearm were measured. The total cholesterol concentration was determined in the blood serum using diagnostic kits, as well as high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) and triglycerides. The concentration of the low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) was calculated. While in men the occurrence of a significant, positive correlation was stated between the concentration of the HDL cholesterol fraction and the mineral density and T-score index in the ultra-distal point, the analysis of the compounds of mineral density (BMD), bone mass (BMC) of the forearm, T-score index with somatic features in women showed a significant, positive relation between the body weight and the bone mass mineral density and T-score indicator in the proximal point. Also, a significant weak, positive correlation was observed between the BMI, the mineral density and T-score indicator in the proximal point. In men, the occurrence of significant, positive correlations was stated between the body weight and BMC, BMD, T-score indicator in the proximal point of the forearm bone and ultra-distal point. Similar relations were observed between the BMI, mineral density, T-score and bone mass in the proximal point and in the ultra-distal point. Based on several noted weak, positive correlations between the lipid profile and BMD, the results of this study of women and men cannot unequivocally indicate the dependence of the bone tissue state on the lipid level in the blood serum of young women and men. Therefore, the issues raised require further investigation.
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Mallya SM, Corrado KR, Saria EA, Yuan FNF, Tran HQ, Saucier K, Atti E, Tetradis S, Arnold A. Modeling vitamin D insufficiency and moderate deficiency in adult mice via dietary cholecalciferol restriction. Endocr Res 2016; 41:290-299. [PMID: 26906176 PMCID: PMC4995161 DOI: 10.3109/07435800.2016.1141937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We sought to develop and characterize a model of human vitamin D nutritional insufficiency/deficiency in the adult mouse, which could have broad utility in examining health consequences of this common condition. METHODS Adult mice were fed diets containing cholecalciferol contents of 0.05 IU/g, 0.25 IU/g, 0.5 IU/g or 1.5 IU/g for four months. We studied induction of steady-state vitamin D insufficiency, and its consequences on primary cholecalciferol metabolite levels, calcium homeostasis, parathyroid physiology, and bone morphology. RESULTS All diets were well tolerated, without adverse effects on body weight. Diets containing 0.05 IU/g and 0.25 IU/g cholecalciferol significantly lowered serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels (median 25OHD, 10.5 ng/ml, and 21.6 ng/ml, respectively), starting as early as one month following initiation of the diets, maintained through the four-month experimental period. The 0.05 IU/g diet significantly decreased 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25OH2D) levels (median, 78 pg/ml). Despite these decreased 25OHD and 1,25OH2D levels, the diets did not alter parathyroid gland morphology or parathyroid cell proliferation. There were no statistical differences in the serum total calcium and serum PTH levels among the various dietary groups. Furthermore, the 0.05 IU/g diet did not cause any alterations in the cortical and trabecular bone morphology, as determined by microCT. CONCLUSIONS The dietary manipulations yielded states of vitamin D insufficiency or modest deficiency in adult mice, with no overtly detectable impact on parathyroid and bone physiology, and calcium homeostasis. This model system may be of value to study health effects of vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency especially on extraskeletal phenotypes such as cancer susceptibility or immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay M. Mallya
- Section of Oral & Maxillofacial Radiology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA
- Co-corresponding authors: Sanjay M. Mallya, BDS, MDS, PhD, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, Tel: 310 825 1689 Fax: 310 825 7232, , Andrew Arnold, MD, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030-3101, Tel: 860 679 7640 Fax: 860 679 7640,
| | - Kristin R. Corrado
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT
| | - Elizabeth A. Saria
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT
| | - Feng-ning Frank Yuan
- Section of Oral & Maxillofacial Radiology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Huy Q. Tran
- Section of Oral & Maxillofacial Radiology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Kirsten Saucier
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT
| | - Elisa Atti
- Section of Oral & Maxillofacial Radiology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Sotirios Tetradis
- Section of Oral & Maxillofacial Radiology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Andrew Arnold
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT
- Co-corresponding authors: Sanjay M. Mallya, BDS, MDS, PhD, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, Tel: 310 825 1689 Fax: 310 825 7232, , Andrew Arnold, MD, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030-3101, Tel: 860 679 7640 Fax: 860 679 7640,
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van der Meijden K, Buskermolen J, van Essen HW, Schuurman T, Steegenga WT, Brouwer-Brolsma EM, Langenbach GEJ, van Ruijven LJ, den Heijer M, Lips P, Bravenboer N. Long-term vitamin D deficiency in older adult C57BL/6 mice does not affect bone structure, remodeling and mineralization. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 164:344-352. [PMID: 26361014 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Animal models show that vitamin D deficiency may have severe consequences for skeletal health. However, most studies have been performed in young rodents for a relatively short period, while in older adult rodents the effects of long-term vitamin D deficiency on skeletal health have not been extensively studied. Therefore, the first aim of this study was to determine the effects of long-term vitamin D deficiency on bone structure, remodeling and mineralization in bones from older adult mice. The second aim was to determine the effects of long-term vitamin D deficiency on mRNA levels of genes involved in vitamin D metabolism in bones from older adult mice. Ten months old male C57BL/6 mice were fed a diet containing 0.5% calcium, 0.2% phosphate and 0 (n=8) or 1 (n=9) IU vitamin D3/gram for 14 months. At an age of 24 months, mice were sacrificed for histomorphometric and micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) analysis of humeri as well as analysis of CYP27B1, CYP24 and VDR mRNA levels in tibiae and kidneys using RT-qPCR. Plasma samples, obtained at 17 and 24 months of age, were used for measurements of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) (all samples), phosphate and parathyroid hormone (PTH) (terminal samples) concentrations. At the age of 17 and 24 months, mean plasma 25(OH)D concentrations were below the detection limit (<4nmol/L) in mice receiving vitamin D deficient diets. Plasma phosphate and PTH concentrations did not differ between both groups. Micro-CT and histomorphometric analysis of bone mineral density, structure and remodeling did not reveal differences between control and vitamin D deficient mice. Long-term vitamin D deficiency did also not affect CYP27B1 mRNA levels in tibiae, while CYP24 mRNA levels in tibiae were below the detection threshold in both groups. VDR mRNA levels in tibiae from vitamin D deficient mice were 0.7 fold lower than those in control mice. In conclusion, long-term vitamin D deficiency in older adult C57BL/6 mice, accompanied by normal plasma PTH and phosphate concentrations, does not affect bone structure, remodeling and mineralization. In bone, expression levels of CYP27B1 are also not affected by long-term vitamin D deficiency in older adult C57BL/6 mice. Our results suggest that mice at old age have a low or absent response to vitamin D deficiency probably due to factors such as a decreased bone formation rate or a reduced response of bone cells to 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D. Older adult mice may therefore be less useful for the study of the effects of vitamin D deficiency on bone health in older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- K van der Meijden
- Department of Endocrinology/Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center, MOVE Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Buskermolen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, Research Institute MOVE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H W van Essen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, Research Institute MOVE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T Schuurman
- Department of Animal Sciences, Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - W T Steegenga
- Division of Human Nutrition, Nutrition and Health Group/Nutrition and Epidemiology Group/Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - E M Brouwer-Brolsma
- Division of Human Nutrition, Nutrition and Health Group/Nutrition and Epidemiology Group/Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - G E J Langenbach
- Department of Oral Cell Biology and Functional Anatomy, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, MOVE Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L J van Ruijven
- Department of Oral Cell Biology and Functional Anatomy, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, MOVE Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M den Heijer
- Department of Endocrinology/Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center, MOVE Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P Lips
- Department of Endocrinology/Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center, MOVE Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - N Bravenboer
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, Research Institute MOVE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Morita D, Nishida Y, Higuchi Y, Seki T, Ikuta K, Asano H, Ishiguro N. Short-range ultraviolet irradiation with LED device effectively increases serum levels of 25(OH)D. J Photochem Photobiol B 2016; 164:256-63. [PMID: 27710873 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Impairment of the activities of daily living (ADL) by osteoporosis is an important concern in developed countries with a super-aging population. Vitamin D, which is a crucial molecule in bone metabolism and mainly produced endogenously with ultraviolet (UV) light exposure, is known to be insufficient in the elderly population. We used an UV Light-Emitting Diode (UV-LED) instrument generating a narrow-range wavelength to analyze the efficacy of endogenous vitamin D production. The primary purpose of this study was to examine the effects of UV irradiation at various narrow-range wavelengths using UV-LED on vitamin D supplementation. The second one was to clarify the short-term effects of UV irradiation on bone morphology in mice. Vitamin D-starved C57BL/6 female mice (n=7 per group) were UV-irradiated (268nm, 282nm, 290nm, 305nm, and 316nm) with 1kJ/m2 twice a week for 4weeks. UV irradiation using UV-LED had significant effects on increasing serum 25(OH)D levels in all wavelength groups (P<0.001, all groups) as compared to a control group. Among irradiated groups, wavelength of 316nm had a less marked effect on 25(OH)D production compared with other wavelengths at 1week of UV irradiation (P<0.05). Levels of 1,25(OH)2D were significantly increased after 4weeks irradiation with UV-B or UV-C irradiation (P<0.05). mRNA levels of vitamin D 25-hydroxylase were increased with UV-B or UV-C irradiation (268nm-305nm), significantly. Micro-CT examination revealed that short-term (4weeks) UV-irradiation did not induce morphological change of mice in any group. This study provides essential information that narrow-range UV irradiation with LED can increase the endogenous production of vitamin D, and mRNA levels of the responsible enzyme. Although bone morphology was not altered by short-term UV irradiation in this study, an increase of serum vitamin D might improve bone morphology with long-term irradiation.
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Abstract
Reports describing significant health risks due to inadequate vitamin D status continue to generate considerable interest amongst the medical and lay communities alike. Recent research on the various molecular activities of the vitamin D system, including the nuclear vitamin D receptor and other receptors for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and vitamin D metabolism, provides evidence that the vitamin D system carries out biological activities across a wide range of tissues similar to other nuclear receptor hormones. This knowledge provides physiological plausibility of the various health benefits claimed to be provided by vitamin D and supports the proposals for conducting clinical trials. The vitamin D system plays critical roles in the maintenance of plasma calcium and phosphate and bone mineral homeostasis. Recent evidence confirms that plasma calcium homeostasis is the critical factor modulating vitamin D activity. Vitamin D activities in the skeleton include stimulation or inhibition of bone resorption and inhibition or stimulation of bone formation. The three major bone cell types, which are osteoblasts, osteocytes and osteoclasts, can all respond to vitamin D via the classical nuclear vitamin D receptor and metabolize 25-hydroxyvitamin D to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D to activate the vitamin D receptor and modulate gene expression. Dietary calcium intake interacts with vitamin D metabolism at both the renal and bone tissue levels to direct either a catabolic action on the bone through the endocrine system when calcium intake is inadequate or an anabolic action through a bone autocrine or paracrine system when calcium intake is sufficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard A Morris
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Chemical Pathology Directorate and Hanson Institute, SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
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