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Mohammadi M, Abbaszadeh S, Nosrati-Siahmazgi V, Akbari M, Rezaei S, Musaie K, Eskandari MR, Santos HA, Poursina N, Shahbazi MA. Diatom-guided bone healing via a hybrid natural scaffold. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25878. [PMID: 38384564 PMCID: PMC10878915 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering (BTE) involves the design of three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds that aim to address current challenges of bone defect healing, such as limited donor availability, disease transmission risks, and the necessity for multiple invasive surgeries. Scaffolds can mimic natural bone structure to accelerate the mechanisms involved in the healing process. Herein, a crosslinked combination of biopolymers, including gelatin (GEL), chitosan (CS), and hyaluronic acid (HA), loaded with diatom (Di) and β-sitosterol (BS), is used to produce GCH-Di-S scaffold by freeze-drying method. The GCH scaffold possesses a uniform structure, is biodegradable and biocompatible, and exhibits high porosity and interconnected pores, all required for effective bone repair. The incorporation of Di within the scaffold contributes to the adjustment of porosity and degradation, as well as effectively enhancing the mechanical property and biomineralization. In vivo studies have confirmed the safety of the scaffold and its potential to stimulate the creation of new bone tissue. This is achieved by providing an osteoconductive platform for cell attachment, prompting calcification, and augmenting the proliferation of osteoblasts, which further contributes to angiogenesis and anti-inflammatory effects of BS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Mohammadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Science, 45139-56184 Zanjan, Iran
| | - Samin Abbaszadeh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Science, 45139-56111 Zanjan, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Vahideh Nosrati-Siahmazgi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Science, 45139-56184 Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mahsa Akbari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Science, 45139-56184 Zanjan, Iran
| | - Saman Rezaei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Science, 45139-56184 Zanjan, Iran
| | - Kiyan Musaie
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomedical Technology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Mohammad Reza Eskandari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Science, 45139-56184, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Hélder A. Santos
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomedical Technology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Narges Poursina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Science, 45139-56184 Zanjan, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Science, 45139-56184 Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomedical Technology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
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Nunes YC, Santos GDO, Machado NM, Otoboni AMMB, Laurindo LF, Bishayee A, Fimognari C, Bishayee A, Barbalho SM. Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) seeds and by-products in metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disorders: A systematic review of clinical studies. Phytomedicine 2024; 123:155170. [PMID: 38000103 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease (CVDs) is the leading cause of death worldwide. The main risk factors are hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and increased serum lipids. The peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), also known as the groundnut, goober, pindar, or monkey nut, belongs to the Fabaceae family and is the fourth most cultivated oilseed in the world. The seeds and skin of peanuts possess a rich phytochemical profile composed of antioxidants, such as phenolic acids, stilbenes, flavonoids, and phytosterols. Peanut consumption can provide numerous health benefits, such as anti-obesity, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, and hypolipidemic effects. Accordingly, peanuts have the potential to treat CVD and counteract its risk factors. PURPOSE This study aims to critically evaluate the effects of peanuts on metabolic syndrome (MetS) and CVD risk factors based on clinical studies. METHOD This review includes studies indexed in MEDLINE-PubMed, COCHRANE, and EMBASE, and the Preferred Reporting Items for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines were adhered to. RESULTS Nineteen studies were included and indicated that the consumption of raw peanuts or differing forms of processed foods containing peanut products and phytochemicals could improve metabolic parameters, such as glycemia, insulinemia, glycated hemoglobin, lipids, body mass index, waist circumference, atherogenic indices, and endothelial function. CONCLUSION We propose that this legume and its products be used as a sustainable and low-cost alternative for the prevention and treatment of MetS and CVD. However, further research with larger sample sizes, longer intervention durations, and more diverse populations is needed to understand the full benefit of peanut consumption in MetS and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yandra Cervelim Nunes
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Food and Technology of Marília (FATEC), Marília 17500-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gian de Oliveira Santos
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Food and Technology of Marília (FATEC), Marília 17500-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nathália Mendes Machado
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alda M M B Otoboni
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Food and Technology of Marília (FATEC), Marília 17500-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas Fornari Laurindo
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (FAMEMA), Marília 17519-030, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anusha Bishayee
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, College of Arts and Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Carmela Fimognari
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA.
| | - Sandra Maria Barbalho
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Food and Technology of Marília (FATEC), Marília 17500-000, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, São Paulo, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Anggreini P, Kuncoro H, Sumiwi SA, Levita J. Molecular Docking Study of Phytosterols in Lygodium microphyllum Towards SIRT1 and AMPK, the in vitro Brine Shrimp Toxicity Test, and the Phenols and Sterols Levels in the Extract. J Exp Pharmacol 2023; 15:513-527. [PMID: 38148923 PMCID: PMC10751218 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s438435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lygodium microphyllum is a fern plant with various pharmacological activities, and phytosterols were reported contained in the n-hexane and ethyl acetate extract of this plant. Phytosterols are known to inhibit steatosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) are the key proteins that control lipogenesis. However, information about L. microphyllum on SIRT1 and AMPK is still lacking. Purpose This study aims to investigate the binding mode of phytosterols in L. microphyllum extract towards AMPK and SIRT1, and the toxicity of the extract against brine shrimp (Artemia salina) larvae, and to determine the phenols and sterols levels in the extract. Methods The molecular docking was performed towards SIRT1 and AMPK using AutoDock v4.2.6, the toxicity of the extract was assayed against brine shrimp (Artemia salina) larvae, and the phytosterols were analyzed by employing a thin layer chromatography densitometry, and the total phenols were by spectrophotometry. Results The molecular docking study revealed that β-sitosterol and stigmasterol could occupy the active allosteric-binding site of SIRT1 and AMPK by binding to important residues similar to the protein's activators. The cold extraction of the plant yields 15.86% w/w. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of phenols, steroids, flavonoids, alkaloids, and saponins. The total phenols are equivalent to 126 mg gallic acid (GAE)/g dry extract, the total sterols are 954.04 µg/g, and the β-sitosterol level is 283.55 µg/g. The LC50 value of the extract towards A. salina larvae is 203.704 ppm. Conclusion Lygodium microphyllum extract may have the potential to be further explored for its pharmacology activities, particularly in the discovery of plant-based anti-dyslipidemic drug candidates. However, further studies are needed to confirm their roles in alleviating lipid disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Putri Anggreini
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, 46363, Indonesia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University, Samarinda, 75119, Indonesia
| | - Hadi Kuncoro
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University, Samarinda, 75119, Indonesia
| | - Sri Adi Sumiwi
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, 46363, Indonesia
| | - Jutti Levita
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, 46363, Indonesia
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Góñez KV, García JS, Sardina FJ, Pazos Y, Saá Á, Martín Pastor M. J-filter: An experiment to simplify and isolate specific signals in 1 H NMR spectra of complex mixtures based on scalar coupling constants. Magn Reson Chem 2023; 61:615-622. [PMID: 37727038 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
One-dimensional selective NMR experiments relying on a J-filter element are proposed to isolate specific signals in crowded 1 H spectral regions. The J-filter allows the edition or filtering of signals in a region of interest of the spectrum by exploiting the specific values of their 1 H-1 H coupling constants and certain parameters of protons coupled to them that appear in less congested parts of the spectrum (chemical shifts and coupling constants). The new experiments permitted the isolation of specific peaks of phytosterol components in a sample obtained from a liquid nutraceutical recommended for lowering blood cholesterol levels in regions with complete overlap in the 1 H spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen V Góñez
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares, (CIQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Juan Suárez García
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares, (CIQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - F Javier Sardina
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares, (CIQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Yolanda Pazos
- Grupo de Investigación Traslacional en Enfermedades del Aparato Digestivo, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), Servicio Gallego de Salud (SERGAS), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Ángela Saá
- Mestrelab Research S.L., A Coruña, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Manuel Martín Pastor
- Unidade de Resonancia Magnética, Área de Infraestructuras de Investigación, CACTUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
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Jibrin Uttu A, Sani Sallau M, Risikat Agbeke Iyun O, Ibrahim H. In Vitro Antimicrobial Studies of Some Major Bioactive Compounds Isolated from Strychnos innocua (Delile) Root Bark. Steroids 2023; 195:109241. [PMID: 37068701 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2023.109241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Plant based therapies are very essential in modern medicine, and have long been used to cure and prevent chronic diseases in many parts of the world. Medicinal herbs have been shown to have biological properties due to the presence of active compounds. Strychnos innocua, a medicinal plant from Loganiaceae, is commonly consumed for medicinal purposes in various African countries. The need to assess the usefulness of the plant's root bark in the treatment of disease spurred this study, which involved the isolation of six bioactive compounds and screening for antimicrobial properties against some pathogens using the agar well diffusion method. Chromatography separation led to first time isolation of Umbelliferone (1), Linalool (2), Nerolidol (3), Campesterol (4), β-sitosterol (5), and 2,13-Octadecadien-1-ol (6). GC-MS and NMR spectra, as well as comparisons with published data, were used to determine their structures. The compounds exhibited strong antimicrobial activity comparable to ciprofloxacin and fluconazole against MRSA, B. subtilis, S. pyogenes, S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. typhii, A. fumigatus, C. albicans, C. krusei, and A. nigre. The MIC as well as the MBC/MFC were determined. In conclusion, the compounds (1 - 6) isolated from S. innocua root bark have remarkable antibacterial action against pathogenic microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Jibrin Uttu
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University Gashua, Yobe State, Nigeria.
| | | | | | - Hamisu Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
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Jibrin Uttu A, Sani Sallau M, Ibrahim H, Risikat Agbeke Iyun O. In silico modelling and NMR Characterization of some steroids from Strychnos innocua (Delile) root bark as potential antifungal agents. Steroids 2023; 194:109222. [PMID: 36924816 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2023.109222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
The root bark of Strychnos innocua has long been employed by traditional healers to treat a variety of ill health conditions including fungal infections. The objective of this study was to isolate, characterized and evaluate the antifungal potential (insilico approach) of some steroids from root bark of S. innocua. Conventional method of column chromatography was carried out on the ethyl acetate root bark extract of S. innocua, leading to the isolation of two steroids. On the basis of 1D NMR, 2D NMR, GC-ESI/MS analyses, and literature comparisons, the compounds were characterized as Stigmast-5-en-3β-ol (1) and Campest-5-en-3β-ol (2). This is the first time these compounds have been isolated from the plant. The results of the in silico modelling of the compounds 1, 2, and fluconazole (control drug) with the binding sites of SAP2 from Candida albicans (PDB: 1EAG) demonstrated that the binding energies were -8.3, -8.0, and -7.1 kcal/mol, respectively. However, the modelling with binding sites of a deglycating enzyme fructosamine oxidase from Aspergillus fumigatus (PDB: 3DJE) demonstrated that the binding energies were -5.9, -7.2, and -8.0 for Stigmast-5-en-3β-ol (1) and Campest-5-en-3β-ol (2), and fluconazole, respectively. In conclusion, the study found that Stigmast-5-en-3-ol and Campest-5-en-3-ol are both present in the root bark of S. innocua. The compounds exhibited promising interaction with the binding sites of the protein target (SAP2 from C. albicans) compare to fluconazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Jibrin Uttu
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University Gashua, Yobe State, Nigeria.
| | | | - Hamisu Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
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