1
|
Abstract
Between the 1930s and 1950s, scientists developed key principles of population genetics to try and explain the aging process. Almost a century later, these aging theories, including antagonistic pleiotropy and mutation accumulation, have been experimentally validated in animals. Although the theories have been much harder to test in humans despite research dating back to the 1970s, recent research is closing this evidence gap. Here we examine the strength of evidence for antagonistic pleiotropy in humans, one of the leading evolutionary explanations for the retention of genetic risk variation for non-communicable diseases. We discuss the analytical tools and types of data that are used to test for patterns of antagonistic pleiotropy and provide a primer of evolutionary theory on types of selection as a guide for understanding this mechanism and how it may manifest in other diseases. We find an abundance of non-experimental evidence for antagonistic pleiotropy in many diseases. In some cases, several studies have independently found corroborating evidence for this mechanism in the same or related sets of diseases including cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Recent studies also suggest antagonistic pleiotropy may be involved in cardiovascular disease and diabetes. There are also compelling examples of disease risk variants that confer fitness benefits ranging from resistance to other diseases or survival in extreme environments. This provides increasingly strong support for the theory that antagonistic pleiotropic variants have enabled improved fitness but have been traded for higher burden of disease later in life. Future research in this field is required to better understand how this mechanism influences contemporary disease and possible consequences for their treatment.
Collapse
|
2
|
Salas-Martínez MG, Saldaña-Alvarez Y, Cordova EJ, Mendiola-Soto DK, Cid-Soto MA, Luckie-Duque A, Vicenteño-Ayala H, Barajas-Olmos F, Contreras-Cubas C, García-Ortiz H, Jiménez-Ruíz JL, Centeno-Cruz F, Martínez-Hernández A, Mendoza-Caamal EC, Mirzaeicheshmeh E, Orozco L. Genetic variability of five ADRB2 polymorphisms among Mexican Amerindian ethnicities and the Mestizo population. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225030. [PMID: 31790415 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The Mexican population is characterized by high and particular admixture, and the picture of variants associated with disease remains unclear. Here we investigated the distribution of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the Mexican population. We focused on two non-synonymous and three synonymous SNPs in the beta-2 adrenergic receptor gene (ADRB2), which plays key roles in energy balance regulation. These SNPs were genotyped in 2,011 Mexican Amerindians (MAs) belonging to 62 ethnic groups and in 1,980 geographically matched Mexican Mestizos (MEZs). The frequency distribution of all five ADRB2 variants significantly differed between MAs, MEZs, and other continental populations (CPs) from the 1000 Genomes database. Allele frequencies of the three synonymous SNPs rs1042717A, rs1042718A, and rs1042719C were significantly higher in Mexican individuals, particularly among MAs, compared to in the other analyzed populations (P<0.05). The non-synonymous ADRB2 Glu27 allele (rs1042714G), which is associated with several common conditions, showed the lowest frequency in MAs (0.03) compared to other populations worldwide. Among MEZs, this allele showed a frequency of 0.15, intermediate between that in MAs and in Iberians (0.43). Moreover, Glu27 was the only SNP exhibiting a geographic gradient within the MEZ population (from 0.22 to 0.11), reflecting admixed mestizo ancestry across the country. Population differentiation analysis demonstrated that Glu27 had the highest FST value in MAs compared with Europeans (CEU) (0.71), and the lowest between MAs and Japanese (JPT) (0.01), even lower than that observed between MAs and MEZs (0.08). This analysis demonstrated the genetic diversity among Amerindian ethnicities, with the most extreme FST value (0.34) found between the Nahuatls from Morelos and the Seris. This is the first study of ADRB2 genetic variants among MA ethnicities. Our findings add to our understanding of the genetic contribution to variability in disease susceptibility in admixed populations.
Collapse
|
3
|
Kulminski AM, Arbeev KG, Culminskaya I, Ukraintseva SV, Stallard E, Province MA, Yashin AI. Trade-offs in the effects of the apolipoprotein E polymorphism on risks of diseases of the heart, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders: insights on mechanisms from the Long Life Family Study. Rejuvenation Res 2016; 18:128-35. [PMID: 25482294 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2014.1616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of evolutionary established mechanisms linking genes to age-related traits makes the problem of genetic susceptibility to health span inherently complex. One complicating factor is genetic trade-off. Here we focused on long-living participants of the Long Life Family Study (LLFS), their offspring, and spouses to: (1) Elucidate whether trade-offs in the effect of the apolipoprotein E e4 allele documented in the Framingham Heart Study (FHS) are a more general phenomenon, and (2) explore potential mechanisms generating age- and gender-specific trade-offs in the effect of the e4 allele on cancer, diseases of the heart, and neurodegenerative disorders assessed retrospectively in the LLFS populations. The e4 allele can diminish risks of cancer and diseases of the heart and confer risks of diseases of the heart in a sex-, age-, and LLFS-population-specific manner. A protective effect against cancer is seen in older long-living men and, potentially, their sons (>75 years, relative risk [RR]>75=0.48, p=0.086), which resembles our findings in the FHS. The protective effect against diseases of the heart is limited to long-living older men (RR>76=0.50, p=0.016), as well. A detrimental effect against diseases of the heart is characteristic for a normal LLFS population of male spouses and is specific for myocardial infarction (RR=3.07, p=2.1×10(-3)). These trade-offs are likely associated with two inherently different mechanisms, including disease-specific (detrimental; characteristic for a normal male population) and systemic, aging-related (protective; characteristic for older long-living men) mechanisms. The e4 allele confers risks of neurological disorders in men and women (RR=1.98, p=0.046). The results highlight the complex role of the e4 allele in genetic susceptibility to health span.
Collapse
|
4
|
Veldhuis-Vlug AG, Oei L, Souverein PC, Tanck MWT, Rivadeneira F, Zillikens MC, Kamphuisen PW, Maitland - van der Zee A, de Groot MCH, Hofman A, Uitterlinden AG, Fliers E, de Boer A, Bisschop PH. Association of polymorphisms in the beta-2 adrenergic receptor gene with fracture risk and bone mineral density. Osteoporos Int 2015; 26:2019-27. [PMID: 25910744 PMCID: PMC4483183 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-015-3087-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Signaling through the beta-2 adrenergic receptor (B2AR) on the osteoblast influences bone remodeling in rodents. In the B2AR gene, three polymorphisms influence receptor function. We show that these polymorphisms are not associated with fracture risk or bone mineral density in the UCP, Rotterdam Study, and GEFOS cohorts. INTRODUCTION Signaling through the beta-2 adrenergic receptor (B2AR) on the osteoblast influences bone remodeling in rodents. In the B2AR gene, three polymorphisms are known to influence receptor function in vitro and in vivo (rs1042713, rs1042714, and rs1800888). We examined the role of these polymorphisms in the B2AR gene on human bone metabolism. METHODS We performed nested case-control studies to determine the association of these polymorphisms with fracture risk in the Utrecht Cardiovascular Pharmacogenetics (UCP) cohort and in three cohorts of the Rotterdam Study. We also determined the association of these polymorphisms with bone mineral density (BMD) in the GEFOS Consortium. UCP contains drug-dispensing histories from community pharmacies linked to national registrations of hospital discharges in the Netherlands. The Rotterdam Study is a prospective cohort study investigating demographics and risk factors of chronic diseases. GEFOS is a large international collaboration studying the genetics of osteoporosis. Fractures were defined by ICD-9 codes 800-829 in the UCP cohort (158 cases and 2617 unmatched controls) and by regular X-ray examinations, general practitioner, and hospital records in the Rotterdam Study (2209 cases and 8559 unmatched controls). BMD was measured at the femoral neck and lumbar spine using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in GEFOS (N = 32,961). RESULTS Meta-analysis of the two nested case-control studies showed pooled odds ratios of 0.98 (0.91-1.05, p = 0.52), 1.04 (0.97-1.12, p = 0.28), and 1.16 (0.83-1.62, p = 0.38) for the associations between rs1042713, rs1042714, and rs1800888 per minor allele and fractures, respectively. There were no significant associations of the polymorphisms and BMD in GEFOS. CONCLUSION In conclusion, polymorphisms in the beta-2 adrenergic receptor gene are not associated with fracture risk or BMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. G. Veldhuis-Vlug
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 22660, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L. Oei
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium of Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - P. C. Souverein
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M. W. T. Tanck
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - F. Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium of Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M. C. Zillikens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium of Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - P. W. Kamphuisen
- Department of Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - A.H. Maitland - van der Zee
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M. C. H. de Groot
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - A. Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium of Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A. G. Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium of Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - E. Fliers
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 22660, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A. de Boer
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - P. H. Bisschop
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 22660, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Toraih E, Hussein MH, Badran DI. Beta 2 -Adrenergic Receptor Gene Polymorphisms in Egyptian Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 2014:1-11. [DOI: 10.1155/2014/471635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background. Beta2-adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) gene polymorphisms, Arg16Gly and Gln27Glu, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the association of these two polymorphisms with the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) in the Egyptian population. Methods. Blood samples were collected from 68 MI patients and 75 healthy controls. They were assessed for the presence of cardiovascular risk factors and genotyped for the Arg16Gly (rs1042713) and Gln27Glu (rs1042714) polymorphisms using allelic-discrimination polymerase chain reaction. Results. There is no significant difference in genotype and allele frequencies at codon 16 between MI patients and controls (P=0.919). However, at codon 27, MI risk was higher in Gln27 homozygous participants than in Glu27 carriers (P=0.045). The haplotype frequency distribution showed significant difference among cases and controls (P=0.002); homozygotes for Gly16/Gln27 haplotype were more susceptible to MI than Gly16/Glu27 carriers. Patients with Arg16/Gln27 haplotype had higher serum total cholesterol levels (P<0.05) and lower frequency of diabetes in MI patients (P<0.01). However, both Glu27 genotypes and haplotype showed lower frequency of hypertension (P<0.001). Conclusions. Our findings suggested that the ADRB2 gene polymorphisms may play an important role in susceptibility of MI among Egyptian population.
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
Discovering the genetic origin of aging-related traits could greatly advance strategies aiming to extend health span. The results of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) addressing this problem are controversial, and new genetic concepts have been fostered to advance the progress in the field. A limitation of GWAS and new genetic concepts is that they do not thoroughly address specifics of aging-related traits. Integration of theoretical concepts in genetics and aging research with empirical evidence from different disciplines highlights the conceptual problems in studies of genetic origin of aging-related traits. To address these problems, novel approaches of systemic nature are required. These approaches should adopt the non-deterministic nature of linkage of genes with aging-related traits and, consequently, reinforce research strategies for improving our understanding of mechanisms shaping genetic effects on these traits. Investigation of mechanisms will help determine conditions that activate specific genetic variants or profiles and explore to what extent these conditions that shape genetic effects are conserved across human lives and generations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Kulminski
- Center for Population Health and Aging, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zeng Y, Cheng L, Zhao L, Tan Q, Feng Q, Chen H, Shen K, Li J, Zhang F, Cao H, Gregory SG, Yang Z, Gu J, Tao W, Tian XL, Hauser ER. Interactions between social/ behavioral factors and ADRB2 genotypes may be associated with health at advanced ages in China. BMC Geriatr 2013; 13:91. [PMID: 24016068 PMCID: PMC3846634 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2318-13-91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Existing literature indicates that ADRB2 gene is associated with health and longevity, but none of previous studies investigated associations of carrying the ADRB2 minor alleles and interactions between ADRB2 genotypes and social/behavioral factors(GxE) with health outcomes at advanced ages. This study intends to fill in this research gap. METHOD We conducted an exploratory analysis, using longitudinal survey phenotype/genotype data from 877 oldest-old aged 90+. To estimate association of GxE interactions with health outcome, adjusted for the potential correlation between genotypes and social/behavioral factors and various other potentially confounding factors, we develop and test an innovative three-step procedure which combines logistic regression and structural equation methods. RESULTS Interaction between regular exercise and carrying rs1042718 minor allele is significantly and positively associated with good cognitive function; interaction between regular exercise and carrying rs1042718 or rs1042719 minor allele is significantly and positively associated with self-reported good health; and interaction between social-leisure activities and carrying rs1042719 minor allele is significantly and positively associated with self-reported good health. Carrying rs1042718 or rs1042719 minor alleles is significantly and negatively associated with negative emotion, but the ADRB2 SNPs are not significantly associated with cognitive function and self-reported health. Our structural equation analysis found that, adjusted for the confounding effects of correlation of the ADRB2 SNPs with negative emotion, interaction between negative emotion and carrying rs1042718 or rs1042719 minor allele is significantly and negatively associated with cognitive function. The positive association of regular exercise and social-leisure activities with cognitive function and self-reported health, and negative association of negative emotion with cognitive function, were much stronger among carriers of rs1042718 or rs1042719 alleles, compared to the non-carriers. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate significant positive associations of interactions between social/behavioral factors and the ADRB2 genotypes with health outcomes of cognitive function and self-reported health, and negative associations of carrying rs1042718 or rs1042719 minor alleles with negative emotion, at advanced ages in China. Our findings are exploratory rather than causal conclusions. This study implies that near-future health promotion programs considering individuals' genetic profiles, with appropriate protection of privacy/confidentiality, would yield increased benefits and reduced costs to the programs and their participants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zeng
- Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Geriatrics Division of School of Medicine, Duke University, Box 3003 Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kulminski AM, Culminskaya I, Arbeev KG, Ukraintseva SV, Arbeeva L, Yashin AI. Trade-off in the effect of the APOE gene on the ages at onset of cardiocascular disease and cancer across ages, gender, and human generations. Rejuvenation Res 2013; 16:28-34. [PMID: 23094790 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2012.1362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Decades of studies of candidate genes show their complex role in aging-related traits. We focus on apolipoprotein E e2/3/4 polymorphism and ages at onset of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and cancer in the parental and offspring generations of the Framingham Heart Study participants to gain insights on the role of age and gender across generations in genetic trade-offs. The analyses show that the apolipoprotein E e4 allele carriers live longer lives without cancer than the non-e4 allele carriers in each generation. The role of the e4 allele in onset of CVD is age- and generation-specific, constituting two modes of sexually dimorphic genetic trade-offs. In offspring, the e4 allele confers risk of CVD primarily in women and can protect against cancer primarily in men of the same age. In the parental generation, genetic trade-off is seen in different age groups, with a protective role of the e4 allele against cancer in older men and its detrimental role in CVD in younger women. The puzzling complexity of genetic mechanisms working in different genders, ages, and environments calls for more detail and systemic analyses beyond those adapted in current large-scale genetic association studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Kulminski
- Center for Population Health and Aging, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Despite notable progress of the candidate-gene and genome-wide association studies (GWAS), understanding the role of genes contributing to human health and lifespan is still very limited. We use the Framingham Heart Study to elucidate if recognizing the role of evolution and systemic processes in an aging organism could advance such studies. We combine throughput methods of GWAS with more detail methods typical for candidate-gene analyses and show that both lifespan and ages at onset of CVD and cancer can be controlled by the same allelic variants. The risk allele carriers are at highly significant risk of premature death (e.g., RR=2.9, p=5.0 × 10(-66)), onset of CVD (e.g., RR=1.6, p=4.6 × 10(-17)), and onset of cancer (e.g., RR=1.6, p=1.5 × 10(-6)). The mechanism mediating the revealed genetic associations is likely associated with biological aging. These aging-related phenotypes are associated with a complex network which includes, in this study, 62 correlated SNPs even so these SNPs can be on non-homologous chromosomes. A striking result is three-fold, highly significant (p=3.6 × 10(-10)) enrichment of non-synonymous SNPs (N=27) in this network compared to the entire qualified set of the studied SNPs. Functional significance of this network is strengthened by involvement of genes for these SNPs in fundamental biological processes related to aging (e.g., response to stimuli, protein degradation, apoptosis) and by connections of these genes with neurological (20 genes) and cardio-vascular (nine genes) processes and tumorigenesis (10 genes). These results document challenging role of gene networks in regulating human health and aging and call for broadening focus on genomics of such phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Kulminski
- Center for Population Health and Aging, Duke University, Box 90408, Trent Hall, Room 002, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kulminski AM, Culminskaya I, Arbeev KG, Ukraintseva SV, Stallard E, Arbeeva L, Yashin AI. The role of lipid-related genes, aging-related processes, and environment in healthspan. Aging Cell 2013; 12:237-46. [PMID: 23320904 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The inherent complexity of aging-related traits can temper progress in unraveling the genetic origins of healthspan. We focus on two generations in the Framingham Heart Study, the original (FHS) and offspring (FHSO) cohorts, to determine whether aging-related processes in changing environments can substantially impact the role of lipid-related genes discovered in candidate gene (the apolipoprotein E (APOE) e2/3/4 polymorphism) and genome-wide (the APOB rs1042034 (C/T)) studies, in regulation of total cholesterol (TC) and onset of cardiovascular disease (CVD). We demonstrate that the APOE e4 allele and APOB CC genotype can play detrimental, neutral, and protective sex-specific roles in the etiology of CVD at different ages and in different environments. We document antagonistic roles for the e4 allele in the onset of CVD characterized by detrimental effects at younger ages (RR≤ 75 years = 1.49, P = 7.5 × 10(-4) ) and protective effects at older ages (RR76+years = 0.77, P = 0.044) for FHS participants. We found that disregarding the role of aging erroneously nullifies the significant effects of the e4 allele in this sample (RR = 0.92, P = 0.387). The leading biogenetic pathways mediating genetic effects on CVD may be more relevant to lipid metabolism for APOB than APOE. Aging-related processes can modulate the strength of genetic associations with TC in the same individuals at different chronological ages. We found substantial differences in the effects of the same APOE and APOB alleles on CVD and TC across generations. The results suggest that aging-related processes in changing environments may play key roles in the genetics of healthspan. Detailed systemic integrative analyses may substantially advance the progress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M. Kulminski
- Center for Population Health and Aging; Duke University; Trent Hall; Room 002; Box 90408; Durham; NC; 27708; USA
| | - Irina Culminskaya
- Center for Population Health and Aging; Duke University; Trent Hall; Room 002; Box 90408; Durham; NC; 27708; USA
| | - Konstantin G. Arbeev
- Center for Population Health and Aging; Duke University; Trent Hall; Room 002; Box 90408; Durham; NC; 27708; USA
| | - Svetlana V. Ukraintseva
- Center for Population Health and Aging; Duke University; Trent Hall; Room 002; Box 90408; Durham; NC; 27708; USA
| | - Eric Stallard
- Center for Population Health and Aging; Duke University; Trent Hall; Room 002; Box 90408; Durham; NC; 27708; USA
| | - Liubov Arbeeva
- Center for Population Health and Aging; Duke University; Trent Hall; Room 002; Box 90408; Durham; NC; 27708; USA
| | - Anatoli I. Yashin
- Center for Population Health and Aging; Duke University; Trent Hall; Room 002; Box 90408; Durham; NC; 27708; USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kulminski AM, Arbeev KG, Christensen K, Stallard E, Miljkovic I, Barmada M, Yashin AI. Biogenetic mechanisms predisposing to complex phenotypes in parents may function differently in their children. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2012; 68:760-8. [PMID: 23213029 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gls243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study focuses on the participants of the Long Life Family Study to elucidate whether biogenetic mechanisms underlying relationships among heritable complex phenotypes in parents function in the same way for the same phenotypes in their children. Our results reveal 3 characteristic groups of relationships among phenotypes in parents and children. One group composed of 3 pairs of phenotypes confirms that associations among some phenotypes can be explained by the same biogenetic mechanisms working in parents and children. Two other groups including 9 phenotype pairs show that this is not a common rule. Our findings suggest that biogenetic mechanisms underlying relationships among different phenotypes, even if they are causally related, can function differently in successive generations or in different age groups of biologically related individuals. The results suggest that the role of aging-related processes in changing environment may be conceptually underestimated in current genetic association studies using genome wide resources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Kulminski
- Center for Population Health and Aging, Duke University, Box 90408, Trent Hall, Room 002, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhao L, Yang F, Xu K, Cao H, Zheng GY, Zhang Y, Li J, Cui H, Chen X, Zhu Z, He H, Mo X, Kennedy BK, Suh Y, Zeng Y, Tian XL. Common genetic variants of the β2-adrenergic receptor affect its translational efficiency and are associated with human longevity. Aging Cell 2012; 11:1094-101. [PMID: 23020224 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
β-adrenoceptors are the common pharmacological targets for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and asthma. Genetic modifications of β-adrenergic system in engineered mice affect their lifespan. Here, we tested whether genes encoding for key components of the β-adrenergic signaling pathway are associated with human longevity. We performed a 10-year follow-up study of the Chinese longitudinal healthy longevity survey. The Han Chinese population in this study consisted of 963 long-lived and 1028 geography-matched young individuals. Sixteen SNPs from ADRB1, ADRB2, ADCY5, ADCY6, and MAPK1 were selected and genotyped. Two SNPs, rs1042718 (C/A) and rs1042719 (G/C), of ADRB2 in linkage disequilibrium (D' = 1.0; r2 = 0.67) were found to be associated with enhanced longevity in men in two geographically isolated populations. Bonferroni-corrected P-values in a combined analysis were 0.00053-0.010. Men with haplotype A-C showed an increased probability to become centenarians (the frequency of A-C in long-lived and young individuals are 0.332 and 0.250, respectively, OR = 1.49, CI 95% = 1.17-1.88, P = 0.0007), in contrast to those with haplotype C-G (the frequency of C-G in long-lived and young individuals are 0.523 and 0.635, respectively, OR = 0.63, CI 95% = 0.51-0.78, P = 0.000018). The permuted P-values were 0.00005 and 0.0009, respectively. ADRB2 encodes the β2-adrenergic receptor; the haplotype A-C markedly reduced its translational efficiency compared with C-G (P = 0.002) in transfected HEK293 cells. Thus, our data indicate that enhanced production of β2-adrenergic receptors caused by genetic variants is inversely associated with human lifespan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhao
- Department of Human Population Genetics; Institute of Molecular Medicine; Peking University; 5 Yiheyuan Road; Beijing; 100871; China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Human Population Genetics; Institute of Molecular Medicine; Peking University; 5 Yiheyuan Road; Beijing; 100871; China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Human Population Genetics; Institute of Molecular Medicine; Peking University; 5 Yiheyuan Road; Beijing; 100871; China
| | - Huiqing Cao
- Department of Human Population Genetics; Institute of Molecular Medicine; Peking University; 5 Yiheyuan Road; Beijing; 100871; China
| | - Gu-Yan Zheng
- Department of Human Population Genetics; Institute of Molecular Medicine; Peking University; 5 Yiheyuan Road; Beijing; 100871; China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Human Population Genetics; Institute of Molecular Medicine; Peking University; 5 Yiheyuan Road; Beijing; 100871; China
| | - Jianxin Li
- Department of Sociology; Peking University; 5 Yiheyuan Road; Beijing; 100871; China
| | - Hanbin Cui
- Key Laboratory of Ningbo First Hospital and Cardiovascular Center of Ningbo First Hospital; Ningbo University; 59 Liuting Street; Ningbo; 315010; China
| | - Xiaomin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ningbo First Hospital and Cardiovascular Center of Ningbo First Hospital; Ningbo University; 59 Liuting Street; Ningbo; 315010; China
| | - Zhiming Zhu
- Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases; Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology; Daping Hospital; Chongqing Institute of Hypertension; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing; 400042; China
| | - Hongbo He
- Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases; Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology; Daping Hospital; Chongqing Institute of Hypertension; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing; 400042; China
| | - Xianming Mo
- Department of Geriatrics; West China Hospital; West China Medical School; Sichuan University; Chengdu; 610041; China
| | | | - Yousin Suh
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx; NY; 10461; USA
| | | | - Xiao-Li Tian
- Department of Human Population Genetics; Institute of Molecular Medicine; Peking University; 5 Yiheyuan Road; Beijing; 100871; China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kulminski AM. Complex phenotypes and phenomenon of genome-wide inter-chromosomal linkage disequilibrium in the human genome. Exp Gerontol 2011; 46:979-86. [PMID: 21907271 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2011.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2011] [Revised: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Studies of non-human species show that loci on non-homologous chromosomes can be in linkage disequilibrium (LD). I focus on the Framingham Heart Study (FHS) participants to explore whether the phenomenon of inter-chromosomal LD can be caused by non-stochastic bio-genetic mechanisms in the human genome and be associated with complex, polygenic phenotypes. This paper documents remarkably strong and extensive LD among SNPs at loci on multiple non-homologous chromosomes genotyped using two independent (Affymetrix 50K and 500K) arrays. The analyses provided compelling evidences that the observed inter-chromosomal LD was unlikely generated by stochasticity, population or family structure, or mis-genotyping. The analyses show that this LD is associated with complex heritable phenotypes characterizing poor health. The inter-chromosomal LD was observed in parental and offspring generations of the FHS participants. These findings suggest that inter-chromosomal LD can be caused by bio-genetic mechanisms possibly associated with favorable or unfavorable epistatic evolution. This phenomenon can challenge our understanding of the role of genes and gene networks in regulating complex, polygenic phenotypes in humans.
Collapse
|
14
|
Kulminski AM, Culminskaya I, Ukraintseva SV, Arbeev KG, Arbeeva L, Wu D, Akushevich I, Land KC, Yashin AI. Trade-off in the effects of the apolipoprotein E polymorphism on the ages at onset of CVD and cancer influences human lifespan. Aging Cell 2011; 10:533-41. [PMID: 21332925 DOI: 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2011.00689.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Progress in unraveling the genetic origins of healthy aging is tempered, in part, by a lack of replication of effects, which is often considered a signature of false-positive findings. We convincingly demonstrate that the lack of genetic effects on an aging-related trait can be because of trade-offs in the gene action. We focus on the well-studied apolipoprotein E (APOE) e2/3/4 polymorphism and on lifespan and ages at onset of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and cancer, using data on 3924 participants of the Framingham Heart Study Offspring cohort. Kaplan-Meier estimates show that the e4 allele carriers live shorter lives than the non-e4 allele carriers (log rank = 0.016). The adverse effect was attributed to the poor survival of the e4 homozygotes, whereas the effect of the common e3/4 genotype was insignificant. The e3/4 genotype, however, was antagonistically associated with onsets of those diseases predisposing to an earlier onset of CVD and a later onset of cancer compared to the non-e4 allele genotypes. This trade-off explains the lack of a significant effect of the e3/4 genotype on survival; adjustment for it in the Cox regression model makes the detrimental effect of the e4 allele highly significant (P = 0.002). This trade-off is likely caused by the lipid-metabolism-related (for CVD) and nonrelated (for cancer) mechanisms. An evolutionary rationale suggests that genetic trade-offs should not be an exception in studies of aging-related traits. Deeper insights into biological mechanisms mediating gene action are critical for understanding the genetic regulation of a healthy lifespan and for personalizing medical care.
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
In this review, I describe how evolutionary genomics is uniquely suited to spearhead advances in understanding human disease risk, owing to the privileged position of genes as fundamental causes of phenotypic variation, and the ability of population genetic and phylogenetic methods to robustly infer processes of natural selection, drift, and mutation from genetic variation at the levels of family, population, species, and clade. I first provide an overview of models for the origins and maintenance of genetically based disease risk in humans. I then discuss how analyses of genetic disease risk can be dovetailed with studies of positive and balancing selection, to evaluate the degree to which the 'genes that make us human' also represent the genes that mediate risk of polygenic disease. Finally, I present four basic principles for the nascent field of human evolutionary medical genomics, each of which represents a process that is nonintuitive from a proximate perspective. Joint consideration of these principles compels novel forms of interdisciplinary analyses, most notably studies that (i) analyze tradeoffs at the level of molecular genetics, and (ii) identify genetic variants that are derived in the human lineage or in specific populations, and then compare individuals with derived versus ancestral alleles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernard J Crespi
- Department of Biosciences, Simon Fraser University Burnaby, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Poziomkowska-Gesicka I, Dzieciolowska-Baran E, Gawlikowska-Sroka A, Slowik-Zylka D, Sroczynski T. Evaluation of spirometry values in relation to beta-2-adrenergic receptor gene polymorphism. Eur J Med Res 2010; 15 Suppl 2:135-40. [PMID: 21147641 PMCID: PMC4360276 DOI: 10.1186/2047-783x-15-s2-135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The vagus nerve plays a special role in the control of respiratory system activity which represents the parasympathetic part of the autonomic nervous system. A small bronchial innervation by the sympathetic system also is observed, and there is a significant expression of adrenergic receptors, in particular β2 receptors, in the airways. The development of genetics and molecular biology allows for a detailed study which can clarify the essential elements in the pathogenesis of many types of lung disease, as well as the physiological phenomena - bronchial smooth muscle tone and their contractile mechanism. Materials and methods The study involved 148 healthy male volunteers aged 20-26. In all subjects, gene polymorphism at nucleotide position 46 and 79 of β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-ADR) was assessed. According to the gene polymorphism data, we divided the whole examined population of males into 6 groups for further studies. Moreover, in all the subjects, we performed spirometry testing to verify their pulmonary functions. Results The basic values of spirometry tests in all subjects were in the range of normal values. The frequency of different genotypes in the gene polymorphism of the β2-adrenergic receptor at nucleotide positions 46 and 79 were typical for the Caucasian population. Analysis of the output values of spirometry, conducted in the particular groups based on their genotype, showed significant inter-group differences in the selected spirometry tests. Conclusions Our results may be useful in explaining the differences in the measured values of spirometric indices in healthy subjects in relation to the polymorphism of β2-ADR, and may also contribute to the verification of standards for spirometric indices for this selected group of young males in the Polish population.
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
In a classic paper, George Williams (1957) argued that alleles promoting reproductive success early in life may be favoured by selection, even if they reduce the lifespan of individuals that bear the allele. A variety of evidence supports the theory that such 'antagonistic pleiotropy' is a major factor contributing to the evolution of senescence (Ljubuncic & Reznick 2009), but examples of specific alleles known to fulfil Williams' criteria remain rare, in both humans and other animals (e.g. Alexander et al. 2007; Kulminski et al. 2010). An intriguing example in this issue of Molecular Ecology (Fernandez & Bowser 2010) demonstrates that both natural and sexual selection may favour melanoma-promoting oncogene alleles in the fish genus Xiphophorus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Summers
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|