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Chen J, Yuan C, Zhang Y, Wu J, Chen G, Chen S, Wu H, Zhu H, Ye Y. Dredging wastewater discharge from shrimp ponds affects mangrove soil physical-chemical properties and enzyme activities. Sci Total Environ 2024; 926:171916. [PMID: 38522536 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Dredging wastewater discharge is a significant environmental concern for mariculture near mangrove ecosystems. However, little attention has been paid to its effects on the soil physical-chemical properties and enzyme activities in mangrove habitats. This study compared the soil physical-chemical properties and enzyme activities in the polluted area that received dredging wastewater from a shrimp pond with those in the control area without wastewater to explore the effects of wastewater discharge on the soil physical-chemical properties and enzyme activities. Variations in soil physical-chemical properties and enzyme activities across different tidal flat areas and depths were also examined. The polluted area exhibited lower soil salinity (10.47 ± 0.58 vs. 15.64 ± 0.54) and moisture content (41.85 ± 1.03 % vs. 45.81 ± 1.06 %) than the control area. Wastewater discharge increased soil enzyme activities, (acid phosphatase, protease, and catalase), resulting in higher inorganic nitrogen (13.20 ± 0.00 μg g-1 vs. 11.60 ± 0.03 μg g-1) but lower total nitrogen (0.93 ± 0.01 mg g-1 vs. 1.62 ± 0.11 mg g-1) in the contaminated zone. From the control to polluted area, there was an approximate increase of 0.43 and 0.83 mg g-1 in soil total phosphorus and soluble phosphate, driven by increased acid phosphatase. However, soil humus and organic matter decreased by 0.04 and 1.22 %, respectively, because of wastewater discharge. The impact of wastewater discharge on the soil physical-chemical properties and enzyme activities was most pronounced in the landward and surface soil layers (0-5 cm). The results showed that wastewater discharge altered soil physical-chemical properties and enzyme activities, accumulating soil bioavailable nutrients (inorganic nitrogen and soluble phosphate), but at the cost of reduced soil quality, especially organic matter, further adversely affecting the overall health of mangrove ecosystems. Prioritizing the management of wastewater discharged from mariculture adjacent to mangrove forests is crucial for mangrove conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Guangxi Beihai Monitoring and Experimental Station of Marine Ecosystems, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beihai, Guangxi, China
| | - Chengyu Yuan
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Coastal Pollution Prevention and Control, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jiajia Wu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Coastal Pollution Prevention and Control, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Guangcheng Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Guangxi Beihai Monitoring and Experimental Station of Marine Ecosystems, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beihai, Guangxi, China.
| | - Shunyang Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Guangxi Beihai Monitoring and Experimental Station of Marine Ecosystems, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beihai, Guangxi, China
| | - Hongyi Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Heng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yong Ye
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Coastal Pollution Prevention and Control, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
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Li Z, Liu L, Sun C, Shan X, Zhao H. Spatio-temporal variation and drivers of blue carbon sequestration in Hainan Island, China. Mar Environ Res 2024; 197:106476. [PMID: 38609789 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Blue carbon ecosystems, such as mangrove, seagrass bed and salt marsh, have attracted increasing attention due to their remarkable capacity for efficient carbon sequestration. However, the current threat posed by human activities to these ecosystems necessitates the characterization of their changes and identification of the primary driving factors in order to facilitate the gradual restoration of blue carbon ecosystems. In this study, we present an analysis of the spatio-temporal characteristics and primary influencing factors governing carbon sequestration in mangrove and seagrass beds located in Hainan Island. The findings revealed a 40% decline in carbon sequestration by mangroves from 1976 to 2017, while seagrass beds exhibited a 13% decrease in carbon sequestering between 2009 and 2016. The decline in carbon sequestration was primarily concentrated in Wenchang city, with aquaculture and population growth identified as the primary driving factors. Despite the implementation of measures aimed at reducing aquaculture in Hainan Island to promote blue carbon sequestration over the past two decades, the resulting recovery remains insufficient in achieving macro-level goals for carbon sequestration. This study emphasizes the necessity of safeguarding blue carbon ecosystems in Hainan Island by effectively mitigating anthropogenic disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resources Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Center for Eco-Environment Restoration of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 286 Huaizhong Road, Shijiazhuang, 050021, Hebei, China
| | - Chuhan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resources Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Center for Eco-Environment Restoration of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Xiaoyang Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resources Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Center for Eco-Environment Restoration of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Hongwei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resources Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Center for Eco-Environment Restoration of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
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Liu Y, Zeng H. Spatial-temporal differentiation and control strategies of nitrogen environmental loss in China's coastal regions based on flow analysis. J Environ Manage 2024; 351:119667. [PMID: 38042075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen pollution emissions from human production and living activities in coastal regions are important topics in the management of environmental pollution in coastal waters. However, to date, there has been relatively little research systematically assessing the environmental loss of nitrogen (NEL) from human activities that negatively affect marine ecosystems. This study categorised emission sources into five subsystems, namely livestock, farming, aquatic, industrial, and residential. Through flow analysis, the anthropogenic emissions of nitrogen in the gas, liquid, and solid phases from 11 coastal provinces in China in 2011, 2015, and 2020 were determined. A nitrogen cost index was constructed by combining the social indicators of each province. The effectiveness of nitrogen emission control since the land-sea coordination and the future challenges for the coastal region were discussed from various perspectives. The results of the study showed that the total NEL that poses a potential threat to marine ecosystems in coastal areas of China has decreased from 18.93 TgN to 14.66 TgN since the proposal of land-sea coordination, with livestock systems and aquatic systems emitting the most. The Bohai and Yellow Seas area were most threatened by nitrogen pollution. Among the three oceanic pathways, liquid-phase nitrogen discharge from each subsystem was effectively controlled, and the control of gas-phase nitrogen emissions is still the most numerous NEL state, although it has had a significant effect. The results of the correlation analysis suggest that NEL flow can characterize the regional management of nutrient-based organic pollutants. Past management tools and environmental investments in China have been more effective in controlling emissions from point and line sources involving artificial facilities, but less direct effect on mariculture. How to control surface source pollution from livestock and aquaculture will be an important challenge to reduce reactive nitrogen emissions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Liu
- School of Urban Planning and Design, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Hui Zeng
- School of Urban Planning and Design, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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Cheng Z, Hong G, Li Q, Liu S, Wang S, Ma Y. Seasonal dynamics of coastal pollution migration in open waters with intensive marine ranching. Mar Environ Res 2023; 190:106101. [PMID: 37499276 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Mariculture activities have been recognized as one of the major sources of contamination for marine pollutants, such as the excessive discharging of nitrogen and phosphate. The fully understanding of the pollutants emission and transportation is crucial for coastal environment management. However, the influence of such highly dynamic coastal process on the pollutant migration remain unclear, such as the effects of coastal seasonal hydrodynamics on the dissolved pollutant transportation, especially under intensive marine ranching activities in open waters. This study investigated the seasonal transport mechanisms of pollutants released from three typical mariculture methods (floating raft, cage and bottom pond) in the Wangjia Island (WJ), Yellow Sea, China. We have conducted three field surveys to monitor the coastal dynamics and measure the distribution of dissolved pollutants in the ranching area. Results from these field surveys show that the WJ and adjacent area experienced significant degradation in terms of water quality with the development of regional marine ranching. The average of calculated index for eutrophication Ei increases from 0.12 in the non-farming area to 0.78 in the farming area. In order to delineate the impacts area of pollutant transport associated with these highly dynamics of water exchange, a Eulerian passive tracer-tracking module is applied to simulate the pollutant transport processes based on a field scale three-dimensional Finite Volume Coastal Ocean Model (FVCOM). Then after, the impacts of barotropic and baroclinic coastal dynamics on the migration of dissolved pollutants were evaluated. The transport of pollutants was greatly influenced by the different farming modes. The travel distance of pollutants released from the bottom pond farming mode was limited, whereas pollutants from the surface-farming methods were transported over a longer distance. In this study, there are three folders of finding: 1) The migration direction varies with seasons, with a landward direction in winter and an offshore direction in summer; 2) In winter, strong wind (wind speed over 10 m/s) is the dominant factor for water exchange, which is conducive to the dispersion of pollutants in the study area. However, in summer, the thermal stratification controls pollutant migration; 3) The results of breakthrough time illustrate that the pollutants travelled slower during summer, especially for pollutants discharged from the bottom pond farming method. In summary, this study demonstrates that even in open waters with stronger water exchange capacity, the pollutants from intensive marine ranching can still increase the risk of eutrophication. The finding of this study has important implications for the management and regulation of offshore aquaculture activities, particularly for mitigating pollutants from marine ranching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Cheng
- Green Shipping and Carbon Neutrality Laboratory, Dalian Maritime University, 116026, No. 1 Linghai Road, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, 116026, No. 1 Linghai Road, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Guoqiang Hong
- Green Shipping and Carbon Neutrality Laboratory, Dalian Maritime University, 116026, No. 1 Linghai Road, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, 116026, No. 1 Linghai Road, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Qingbo Li
- Green Shipping and Carbon Neutrality Laboratory, Dalian Maritime University, 116026, No. 1 Linghai Road, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, 116026, No. 1 Linghai Road, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Shangheng Liu
- Green Shipping and Carbon Neutrality Laboratory, Dalian Maritime University, 116026, No. 1 Linghai Road, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Green Shipping and Carbon Neutrality Laboratory, Dalian Maritime University, 116026, No. 1 Linghai Road, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ye Ma
- Green Shipping and Carbon Neutrality Laboratory, Dalian Maritime University, 116026, No. 1 Linghai Road, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, 116026, No. 1 Linghai Road, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
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Yuan D, Wang L, Wang H, Miao R, Wang Y, Jin H, Tan L, Wei C, Hu Q, Gong Y. Application of microalgae Scenedesmus acuminatus enhances water quality in rice-crayfish culture. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1143622. [PMID: 37214297 PMCID: PMC10192885 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1143622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Improper management of aquatic environments substantially restricts the development of the aquaculture industry. The industrialisation of the crayfish Procambarus clarkii, for example, is currently being limited by poor water quality. Research suggests that microalgal biotechnology has a great potential for water quality regulation. However, the ecological effects of microalgal applications on aquatic communities in aquaculture systems remain largely unknown. In the present study, 5 L Scenedesmus acuminatus GT-2 culture (biomass 120 g L-1) was added to an approximately 1,000 m2 rice-crayfish culture to examine the response of aquatic ecosystems to microalgal application. The total nitrogen content decreased significantly as a result of microalgal addition. Moreover, the microalgal addition changed the bacterial community structure directionally and produced more nitrate reducing and aerobic bacteria. The effect of microalgal addition on plankton community structure was not obvious, except for a significant difference in Spirogyra growth which was inhibited by 81.0% under microalgal addition. Furthermore, the network of microorganisms in culture systems with the added microalga had higher interconnectivity and was more complex, which indicating microalgal application enhance the stability of aquaculture systems. The application of microalgae was found to have the greatest effect on the 6th day of the experiment, as supported by both environmental and biological evidence. These findings can provide valuable guidance for the practical application of microalgae in aquaculture systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Yuan
- School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, China
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongxia Wang
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Rongli Miao
- Hydrobiological Data Analysis Center, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yulu Wang
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Hu Jin
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Tan
- Systems Ecology and Watershed Ecology Center for Freshwater Ecology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Chaojun Wei
- Hydrobiological Data Analysis Center, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Faculty of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yingchun Gong
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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Xu M, Qin Z. How does vehicle emission control policy affect air pollution emissions? Evidence from Hainan Province, China. Sci Total Environ 2023; 866:161244. [PMID: 36586700 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Vehicular emissions have become important sources of air pollution in China. Regarding the environmental impacts of vehicle emission control policies (VECPs), changes in air pollutants and CO2 emissions have attracted more attention. Hainan is the first province in China declared to ban the sale of fuel-powered cars by 2030, aiming to accelerate cutting down the local air pollution emissions. However, there is no previous study examining how these VECPs would affect air pollutants in Hainan. Further, research on whether the controls would lead to a real carbon reduction is limited. Therefore, this paper quantitatively assesses the emission changes of primary air pollutants (including NOx, CO, VOCs, PM2.5, PM10, and PMTSP) and greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, and N2O) in the transportation sector with regard to different VECPs in Hainan. The results reveal that (1) VECPs would lead to significant increases in vehicular population by 21 %-65 % in 2025-2050. Specifically, light-duty cars and buses with 4-stroke engines (LD4Cs) is the largest contributor and banning sales of fuel-powered vehicles would lead to a larger increase of 1914.6 thousand (64 %) in 2030; (2) for air pollutant emissions, the policy scenario would bring notable reduction effects, decreasing by 1.0 %-16.0 % and 16.7 %-38.7 % in 2030 and 2050 (PM excluding), respectively, suggesting VECPs play important roles in alleviating environmental pollution; (3) conversely, for CO2 emissions, the policy scenario would cause increases of 0.8 Mt. (17.8 %) and 0.3 Mt. (6.1 %) in 2035 and 2050, respectively, indicating promoting new energy vehicles (NEVs) would increase carbon emissions. Meanwhile, it suggests that CO2 emission in the transportation sector of Hainan peaked in 2020. This research highlights that VECPs would be a double-edged sword, leading to air pollutants reductions but not necessarily decline CO2 emissions. This fact would further accelerate mechanism and technological innovation in transport to alleviate air pollution and carbon emissions simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xu
- School of Management, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Zhongfeng Qin
- School of Economics and Management, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Emergency Support Simulation Technologies for City Operation, China.
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