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Guan X, Zhu S, Song J, Liu K, Liu M, Xie L, Wang Y, Wu J, Xu X, Pang T. Microglial CMPK2 promotes neuroinflammation and brain injury after ischemic stroke. Cell Rep Med 2024:101522. [PMID: 38701781 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation plays a significant role in ischemic injury, which can be promoted by oxidized mitochondrial DNA (Ox-mtDNA). Cytidine/uridine monophosphate kinase 2 (CMPK2) regulates mtDNA replication, but its role in neuroinflammation and ischemic injury remains unknown. Here, we report that CMPK2 expression is upregulated in monocytes/macrophages and microglia post-stroke in humans and mice, respectively. Microglia/macrophage CMPK2 knockdown using the Cre recombination-dependent adeno-associated virus suppresses the inflammatory responses in the brain, reduces infarcts, and improves neurological outcomes in ischemic CX3CR1Cre/ERT2 mice. Mechanistically, CMPK2 knockdown limits newly synthesized mtDNA and Ox-mtDNA formation and subsequently blocks NLRP3 inflammasome activation in microglia/macrophages. Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), as a CMPK2 inhibitor, is discovered to reduce neuroinflammation and ischemic injury in mice and prevent the inflammatory responses in primary human monocytes from ischemic patients. Thus, these findings identify CMPK2 as a promising therapeutic target for ischemic stroke and other brain disorders associated with neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, New Drug Screening Center, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Sitong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, New Drug Screening Center, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Jinqian Song
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, New Drug Screening Center, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Kui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, New Drug Screening Center, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Mei Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, P.R. China
| | - Luyang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, New Drug Screening Center, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Yifang Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, P.R. China
| | - Jin Wu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, P.R. China.
| | - Xiaojun Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Center for Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine Target and New Drug Research, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, Zhejiang Province 322000, P.R. China.
| | - Tao Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, New Drug Screening Center, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China.
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Wang N, Chu F, Zhang L, Fei C, Yu C, Xue S, Wang Y, Fang L, Peng D, Duan X, Chen W. Taohong siwu decoction attenuates AIM2 and NLRC4 inflammasomes by ameliorates deoxyribonucleic acid damage after ischemic stroke. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:954867. [PMID: 36034843 PMCID: PMC9411787 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.954867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Taohong siwu decoction (THSWD) has been shown to have a therapeutic effect on ischemic strokes (IS). However, it is not clear to us whether THSWD reduces deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage after stroke and reduces the inflammatory response caused by the damage. Therefore, we constructed an IS model (I/R) in rats and performed oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) on BV2 cells. Then ELISA, immunofluorescence staining, immunohistochemistry staining, and RT-qPCR were performed to detect the expressions of absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2), NLRC4, and Caspase-1 inflammasomes and other inflammatory factors. Experimental stroke causes DNA damage, and we found that the aforementioned inflammasomes as well as inflammatory factors were significantly inhibited after treatment with THSWD by comparing the model group with the model administration group. In addition, we examined the expression of AIM2, NLRC4, and Caspase-1 in BV2 cells of OGD/R and found that the expression of the aforementioned inflammasomes was significantly decreased in OGD/R by administration of THSWD-containing serum. Our data suggest that THSWD can reduced DNA damage after stroke as well as the inflammatory response caused by the damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- MOE-Anhui Joint Collaborative Innovation Center for Quality Improvement of Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Xin’an Medicine (Anhui University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Furui Chu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- MOE-Anhui Joint Collaborative Innovation Center for Quality Improvement of Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Xin’an Medicine (Anhui University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Changyi Fei
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Chao Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Sujun Xue
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yongzhong Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Ling Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Daiyin Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- MOE-Anhui Joint Collaborative Innovation Center for Quality Improvement of Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
| | - Xianchun Duan
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- MOE-Anhui Joint Collaborative Innovation Center for Quality Improvement of Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Xin’an Medicine (Anhui University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Xianchun Duan, ; Weidong Chen,
| | - Weidong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- MOE-Anhui Joint Collaborative Innovation Center for Quality Improvement of Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Xianchun Duan, ; Weidong Chen,
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Lorente L, Martín MM, Pérez-Cejas A, González-Rivero AF, Ramos-Gómez L, Solé-Violán J, Cáceres JJ, Villacampa-Jiménez JJ, Jiménez A. Association between blood caspase-8 levels and mortality of patients with malignant middle cerebral artery infarction. Med Intensiva 2022; 46:305-311. [PMID: 35688578 DOI: 10.1016/j.medine.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE High concentrations of caspase-8 (main initiator caspase of apoptosis extrinsic pathway) have been found in brain tissue from traumatic brain injury patients and in blood of patients with different diseases. However, there are not data on blood caspase-8 concentrations in ischemic stroke patients. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine whether there is an association between blood caspase-8 concentrations and the probability and speed of mortality at 30 days in patients with malignant middle cerebral artery infarction (MMCAI). DESIGN Observational prospective study. SETTING Five Intensive Care Units (ICU). PATIENTS Patients with severe malignant middle cerebral artery infarction (MMCAI) defined as acute infarction in more than of 50% of that territory and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)<9. INTERVENTIONS Determination of serum caspase-8 levels when MMCAI was diagnosed. MAIN VARIABLES OF INTEREST Mortality at 30 days and time until this event. RESULTS Severe MMCAI patients (n=28) compared to survivor patients (n=28) showed higher serum caspase-8 concentrations (p<0.001), lower platelet count (p=0.01) and lower GCS (p=0.002). We found an area under the curve for mortality prediction of 78% (95% CI=65%-91%; p<0.001) by serum caspase-8 levels. Kaplan-Meier analysis found higher mortality rate in patients with serum caspase-8 levels >62.8ng/mL (hazard ratio=11.2; 95% CI=4.4-28.4; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The association of high blood caspase-8 concentrations with the rate and the velocity of 30-day mortality in MMCAI patients is the main new finding of our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lorente
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Ofra, s/n, La Laguna 38320, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
| | - M M Martín
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Crta del Rosario, s/n, Santa Cruz de Tenerife 38010, Spain
| | - A Pérez-Cejas
- Laboratory Department, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Ofra, s/n, La Laguna 38320, Tenerife, Spain
| | - A F González-Rivero
- Laboratory Department, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Ofra, s/n, La Laguna 38320, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - L Ramos-Gómez
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital General de La Palma, Buenavista de Arriba, s/n, Breña Alta, La Palma 38713, Spain
| | - J Solé-Violán
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario Dr. Negrín, CIBERES, Barranco de la Ballena, s/n, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria 35010, Spain
| | - J J Cáceres
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Insular, Plaza Dr. Pasteur s/n, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria 35016, Spain
| | - J J Villacampa-Jiménez
- Laboratory Department, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Ofra, s/n, La Laguna 38320, Tenerife, Spain
| | - A Jiménez
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Ofra, s/n, La Laguna 38320, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
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Wnuk A, Przepiórska K, Pietrzak BA, Kajta M. Post-Treatment with Amorfrutin B Evokes PPARγ-Mediated Neuroprotection against Hypoxia and Ischemia. Biomedicines 2021; 9:854. [PMID: 34440058 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrate for the first time that amorfrutin B, a selective modulator of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma—PPARγ, can protect brain neurons from hypoxia- and ischemia-induced degeneration when applied at 6 h post-treatment in primary cultures. The neuroprotective effect of amorfrutin B suggests that it promotes mitochondrial integrity and is capable of inhibiting reactive oxygen species—ROS activity and ROS-mediated DNA damage. PPARγ antagonist and Pparg mRNA silencing abolished the neuroprotective effect of amorfrutin B, which points to agonistic action of the compound on the respective receptor. Interestingly, amorfrutin B stimulated the methylation of the Pparg gene, both during hypoxia and ischemia. Amorfrutin B also increased the protein level of PPARγ during hypoxia but decreased the mRNA and protein levels of PPARγ during ischemia. Under ischemic conditions, amorfrutin B-evoked hypermethylation of the Pparg gene is in line with the decrease in the mRNA and protein expression of PPARγ. However, under hypoxic conditions, amorfrutin B-dependent hypermethylation of the Pparg gene does not explain the amorfrutin B-dependent increase in receptor protein expression, which suggests other regulatory mechanisms. Other epigenetic parameters, such as HAT and/or sirtuins activities, were affected by amorfrutin B under hypoxic and ischemic conditions. These properties position the compound among the most promising anti-stroke and wide-window therapeutics.
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Lorente L, Martín MM, Pérez-Cejas A, González-Rivero AF, Ramos-Gómez L, Solé-Violán J, Cáceres JJ, Villacampa-Jiménez JJ, Jiménez A. Association between blood caspase-8 levels and mortality of patients with malignant middle cerebral artery infarction. Med Intensiva 2021; 46:S0210-5691(21)00036-X. [PMID: 33926751 DOI: 10.1016/j.medin.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE High concentrations of caspase-8 (main initiator caspase of apoptosis extrinsic pathway) have been found in brain tissue from traumatic brain injury patients and in blood of patients with different diseases. However, there are not data on blood caspase-8 concentrations in ischemic stroke patients. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine whether there is an association between blood caspase-8 concentrations and the probability and speed of mortality at 30 days in patients with malignant middle cerebral artery infarction (MMCAI). DESIGN Observational prospective study. SETTING Five Intensive Care Units (ICU). PATIENTS Patients with severe malignant middle cerebral artery infarction (MMCAI) defined as acute infarction in more than of 50% of that territory and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)<9. INTERVENTIONS Determination of serum caspase-8 levels when MMCAI was diagnosed. MAIN VARIABLES OF INTEREST Mortality at 30 days and time until this event. RESULTS Severe MMCAI patients (n=28) compared to survivor patients (n=28) showed higher serum caspase-8 concentrations (p<0.001), lower platelet count (p=0.01) and lower GCS (p=0.002). We found an area under the curve for mortality prediction of 78% (95% CI=65%-91%; p<0.001) by serum caspase-8 levels. Kaplan-Meier analysis found higher mortality rate in patients with serum caspase-8 levels >62.8ng/mL (hazard ratio=11.2; 95% CI=4.4-28.4; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The association of high blood caspase-8 concentrations with the rate and the velocity of 30-day mortality in MMCAI patients is the main new finding of our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lorente
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Ofra, s/n, La Laguna 38320, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
| | - M M Martín
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Crta del Rosario, s/n, Santa Cruz de Tenerife 38010, Spain
| | - A Pérez-Cejas
- Laboratory Department, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Ofra, s/n, La Laguna 38320, Tenerife, Spain
| | - A F González-Rivero
- Laboratory Department, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Ofra, s/n, La Laguna 38320, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - L Ramos-Gómez
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital General de La Palma, Buenavista de Arriba, s/n, Breña Alta, La Palma 38713, Spain
| | - J Solé-Violán
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario Dr. Negrín, CIBERES, Barranco de la Ballena, s/n, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria 35010, Spain
| | - J J Cáceres
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Insular, Plaza Dr. Pasteur s/n, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria 35016, Spain
| | - J J Villacampa-Jiménez
- Laboratory Department, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Ofra, s/n, La Laguna 38320, Tenerife, Spain
| | - A Jiménez
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Ofra, s/n, La Laguna 38320, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
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Chao MR, Evans MD, Hu CW, Ji Y, Møller P, Rossner P, Cooke MS. Biomarkers of nucleic acid oxidation - A summary state-of-the-art. Redox Biol 2021; 42:101872. [PMID: 33579665 PMCID: PMC8113048 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidatively generated damage to DNA has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a wide variety of diseases. Increasingly, interest is also focusing upon the effects of damage to the other nucleic acids, RNA and the (2′-deoxy-)ribonucleotide pools, and evidence is growing that these too may have an important role in disease. LC-MS/MS has the ability to provide absolute quantification of specific biomarkers, such as 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyGuo (8-oxodG), in both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, and 8-oxoGuo in RNA. However, significant quantities of tissue are needed, limiting its use in human biomonitoring studies. In contrast, the comet assay requires much less material, and as little as 5 μL of blood may be used, offering a minimally invasive means of assessing oxidative stress in vivo, but this is restricted to nuclear DNA damage only. Urine is an ideal matrix in which to non-invasively study nucleic acid-derived biomarkers of oxidative stress, and considerable progress has been made towards robustly validating these measurements, not least through the efforts of the European Standards Committee on Urinary (DNA) Lesion Analysis. For urine, LC-MS/MS is considered the gold standard approach, and although there have been improvements to the ELISA methodology, this is largely limited to 8-oxodG. Emerging DNA adductomics approaches, which either comprehensively assess the totality of adducts in DNA, or map DNA damage across the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes, offer the potential to considerably advance our understanding of the mechanistic role of oxidatively damaged nucleic acids in disease. Oxidatively damaged nucleic acids are implicated in the pathogenesis of disease. LC-MS/MS, comet assay and ELISA are often used to study oxidatively damaged DNA. Urinary oxidatively damaged nucleic acids non-invasively reflect oxidative stress. DNA adductomics will aid understanding the role of ROS damaged DNA in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Rong Chao
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan; Department of Occupational Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Mark D Evans
- Leicester School of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester, LE1 9BH, United Kingdom
| | - Chiung-Wen Hu
- Department of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Yunhee Ji
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Peter Møller
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK, 1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Pavel Rossner
- Department of Nanotoxicology and Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the CAS, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marcus S Cooke
- Oxidative Stress Group, Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA.
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