In vivo evaluation of oxidized multiwalled-carbon nanotubes-mediated hyperthermia treatment for breast cancer

Enzymatically crosslinked magnetic starch-grafted poly(tannic acid) hydrogel for "smart" cancer treatment: An in vitro chemo/hyperthermia therapy study

A novel strategy was designed and developed based of horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-mediated crosslinking of tyramine-functionalized starch (Tyr-St), tannic acid (TA) and phenolated-magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4-PhOH NPs), and simultaneous loading of doxorubicin hydrochloride (Dox) to afford a pH-responsive magnetic hydrogel-based drug delivery system (DDS) for synergistic in vitro chemo/hyperthermia therapy of human breast cancer (MCF-7) cells. The developed St-g-PTA/Fe3O4 magnetic hydrogel showed porous micro-structure with saturation magnetization (δs) value of 19.2 emu g-1 for Fe3O4 NPs content of ∼7.4 wt%. The pore sizes of the St-g-PTA/Fe3O4 hydrogel was calculated to be 2400 ± 200 nm-2. In vitro drug release experiments exhibited the developed DDS has pH-dependent drug release behavior, while at physiological pH (7.4) released only 30 % of the loaded drug after 100 h. Human serum albumin (HSA) adsorption capacities of the synthesized St/Fe3O4 and St-g-PTA/Fe3O4 magnetic hydrogels were obtained as 86 ± 2.2 and 77 ± 1.9 μgmg-1, respectively. The well-known MTT-assay approved the cytocompatibility of the developed St-g-PTA/Fe3O4 hydrogel, while the Dox-loaded system exhibited higher anti-cancer activity than those of the free Dox as verified by MTT-assay, and optical as well as florescent microscopies imaging. The synergistic chemo/hyperthermia therapy effect was also verified for the developed St-g-PTA/Fe3O4-Dox via hot water approach.

Recent advances on hyperthermia therapy applications of carbon-based nanocomposites

Generally, hyperthermia is referred to the composites capability to increase local temperature in such a way that the generated heat would lead to cancerous or bacteria cells destruction, with minimum damage to normal tissue cells. Many different materials have been utilized for hyperthermia application via different heat generating methods. Carbon-based nanomaterials consisting of graphene oxide (GO), carbon nanotube (CNT), carbon dot (CD) and carbon quantum dot (CQD), nanodiamond (ND), fullerene and carbon fiber (CF), have been studied significantly for different applications including hyperthermia due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, chemical and physical stability, thermal and electrical conductivity and in some cases photothermal conversion. Therefore, in this comprehensive review, a structure-based view on carbon nanomaterials application in hyperthermia therapy of cancer and bacteria via various methods such as optical, magnetic, ultrasonic and radiofrequency-induced hyperthermia is presented.

A Recent Review on Cancer Nanomedicine

Cancer is one of the most prevalent diseases globally and is the second major cause of death in the United States. Despite the continuous efforts to understand tumor mechanisms and various approaches taken for treatment over decades, no significant improvements have been observed in cancer therapy. Lack of tumor specificity, dose-related toxicity, low bioavailability, and lack of stability of chemotherapeutics are major hindrances to cancer treatment. Nanomedicine has drawn the attention of many researchers due to its potential for tumor-specific delivery while minimizing unwanted side effects. The application of these nanoparticles is not limited to just therapeutic uses; some of them have shown to have extremely promising diagnostic potential. In this review, we describe and compare various types of nanoparticles and their role in advancing cancer treatment. We further highlight various nanoformulations currently approved for cancer therapy as well as under different phases of clinical trials. Finally, we discuss the prospect of nanomedicine in cancer management.

Carbon Nanomaterials: Emerging Roles in Immuno-Oncology

Cancer immunotherapy has made breakthrough progress in cancer treatment. However, only a subset of patients benefits from immunotherapy. Given their unique structure, composition, and interactions with the immune system, carbon nanomaterials have recently attracted tremendous interest in their roles as modulators of antitumor immunity. Here, we focused on the latest advances in the immunological effects of carbon nanomaterials. We also reviewed the current preclinical applications of these materials in cancer therapy. Finally, we discussed the challenges to be overcome before the full potential of carbon nanomaterials can be utilized in cancer therapies to ultimately improve patient outcomes.

Novel Tumor-Targeting Nanoparticles for Cancer Treatment—A Review

Being one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide, cancer represents an ongoing interdisciplinary challenge for the scientific community. As currently used treatments may face limitations in terms of both efficiency and adverse effects, continuous research has been directed towards overcoming existing challenges and finding safer specific alternatives. In particular, increasing interest has been gathered around integrating nanotechnology in cancer management and subsequentially developing various tumor-targeting nanoparticles for cancer applications. In this respect, the present paper briefly describes the most used cancer treatments in clinical practice to set a reference framework for recent research findings, further focusing on the novel developments in the field. More specifically, this review elaborates on the top recent studies concerning various nanomaterials (i.e., carbon-based, metal-based, liposomes, cubosomes, lipid-based, polymer-based, micelles, virus-based, exosomes, and cell membrane-coated nanomaterials) that show promising potential in different cancer applications.