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Pineda Guzman RA, Naughton N, Majumdar S, Damon B, Kersh ME. Assessment of Mechanically Induced Changes in Helical Fiber Microstructure Using Diffusion Tensor Imaging. Ann Biomed Eng 2024; 52:832-844. [PMID: 38151645 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-023-03420-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Noninvasive methods to detect microstructural changes in collagen-based fibrous tissues are necessary to differentiate healthy from damaged tissues in vivo but are sparse. Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) is a noninvasive imaging technique used to quantitatively infer tissue microstructure with previous work primarily focused in neuroimaging applications. Yet, it is still unclear how DTI metrics relate to fiber microstructure and function in musculoskeletal tissues such as ligament and tendon, in part because of the high heterogeneity inherent to such tissues. To address this limitation, we assessed the ability of DTI to detect microstructural changes caused by mechanical loading in tissue-mimicking helical fiber constructs of known structure. Using high-resolution optical and micro-computed tomography imaging, we found that static and fatigue loading resulted in decreased sample diameter and a re-alignment of the macro-scale fiber twist angle similar with the direction of loading. However, DTI and micro-computed tomography measurements suggest microstructural differences in the effect of static versus fatigue loading that were not apparent at the bulk level. Specifically, static load resulted in an increase in diffusion anisotropy and a decrease in radial diffusivity suggesting radially uniform fiber compaction. In contrast, fatigue loads resulted in increased diffusivity in all directions and a change in the alignment of the principal diffusion direction away from the constructs' main axis suggesting fiber compaction and microstructural disruptions in fiber architecture. These results provide quantitative evidence of the ability of DTI to detect mechanically induced changes in tissue microstructure that are not apparent at the bulk level, thus confirming its potential as a noninvasive measure of microstructure in helically architected collagen-based tissues, such as ligaments and tendons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Noel Naughton
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science & Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Shreyan Majumdar
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science & Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Bruce Damon
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science & Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Carle Clinical Imaging Research Program, Stephens Family Clinical Research Institute, Carle Health, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Mariana E Kersh
- Department of Mechanical Science & Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science & Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
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Guillaumin JB, Djerroudi L, Aubry JF, Tardivon A, Dizeux A, Tanter M, Vincent-Salomon A, Berthon B. Biopathologic Characterization and Grade Assessment of Breast Cancer With 3-D Multiparametric Ultrasound Combining Shear Wave Elastography and Backscatter Tensor Imaging. Ultrasound Med Biol 2024; 50:474-483. [PMID: 38195266 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite recent improvements in medical imaging, the final diagnosis and biopathologic characterization of breast cancers currently still requires biopsies. Ultrasound is commonly used for clinical examination of breast masses. B-Mode and shear wave elastography (SWE) are already widely used to detect suspicious masses and differentiate benign lesions from cancers. But additional ultrasound modalities such as backscatter tensor imaging (BTI) could provide relevant biomarkers related to tissue organization. Here we describe a 3-D multiparametric ultrasound approach applied to breast carcinomas in the aims of (i) validating the ability of BTI to reveal the underlying organization of collagen fibers and (ii) assessing the complementarity of SWE and BTI to reveal biopathologic features of diagnostic interest. METHODS Three-dimensional SWE and BTI were performed ex vivo on 64 human breast carcinoma samples using a linear ultrasound probe moved by a set of motors. Here we describe a 3-D multiparametric representation of the breast masses and quantitative measurements combining B-mode, SWE and BTI. RESULTS Our results reveal for the first time that BTI can capture the orientation of the collagen fibers around tumors. BTI was found to be a relevant marker for assessing cancer stages, revealing a more tangent tissue orientation for in situ carcinomas than for invasive cancers. In invasive cases, the combination of BTI and SWE parameters allowed for classification of invasive tumors with respect to their grade with an accuracy of 95.7%. CONCLUSION Our results highlight the potential of 3-D multiparametric ultrasound imaging for biopathologic characterization of breast tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Baptiste Guillaumin
- Physics for Medicine Institute, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, Inserm U1273, CNRS UMR 8063, Paris, France
| | | | - Jean-François Aubry
- Physics for Medicine Institute, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, Inserm U1273, CNRS UMR 8063, Paris, France.
| | | | - Alexandre Dizeux
- Physics for Medicine Institute, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, Inserm U1273, CNRS UMR 8063, Paris, France
| | - Mickaël Tanter
- Physics for Medicine Institute, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, Inserm U1273, CNRS UMR 8063, Paris, France
| | | | - Béatrice Berthon
- Physics for Medicine Institute, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, Inserm U1273, CNRS UMR 8063, Paris, France
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3
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Nelson MS, Liu Y, Wilson HM, Li B, Rosado-Mendez IM, Rogers JD, Block WF, Eliceiri KW. Multiscale Label-Free Imaging of Fibrillar Collagen in the Tumor Microenvironment. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2614:187-235. [PMID: 36587127 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2914-7_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
With recent advances in cancer therapeutics, there is a great need for improved imaging methods for characterizing cancer onset and progression in a quantitative and actionable way. Collagen, the most abundant extracellular matrix protein in the tumor microenvironment (and the body in general), plays a multifaceted role, both hindering and promoting cancer invasion and progression. Collagen deposition can defend the tumor with immunosuppressive effects, while aligned collagen fiber structures can enable tumor cell migration, aiding invasion and metastasis. Given the complex role of collagen fiber organization and topology, imaging has been a tool of choice to characterize these changes on multiple spatial scales, from the organ and tumor scale to cellular and subcellular level. Macroscale density already aids in the detection and diagnosis of solid cancers, but progress is being made to integrate finer microscale features into the process. Here we review imaging modalities ranging from optical methods of second harmonic generation (SHG), polarized light microscopy (PLM), and optical coherence tomography (OCT) to the medical imaging approaches of ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These methods have enabled scientists and clinicians to better understand the impact collagen structure has on the tumor environment, at both the bulk scale (density) and microscale (fibrillar structure) levels. We focus on imaging methods with the potential to both examine the collagen structure in as natural a state as possible and still be clinically amenable, with an emphasis on label-free strategies, exploiting intrinsic optical properties of collagen fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Nelson
- Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Yuming Liu
- Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Helen M Wilson
- Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Bin Li
- Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ivan M Rosado-Mendez
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jeremy D Rogers
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA.,McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Walter F Block
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kevin W Eliceiri
- Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA. .,Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA. .,Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA. .,McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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4
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Guillaumin JB, Djerroudi L, Aubry JF, Tardivon A, Tanter M, Vincent-Salomon A, Berthon B. Proof of Concept of 3-D Backscatter Tensor Imaging Tomography for Non-invasive Assessment of Human Breast Cancer Collagen Organization. Ultrasound Med Biol 2022; 48:1867-1878. [PMID: 35752513 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2022.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tumor growth, similarly to several other pathologies, tends to change the structural orientation of soft tissue fibers, which can become relevant markers for diagnosis. Current diagnosis protocols may require a biopsy for histological analysis, which is an invasive, painful and stressful procedure with a minimum turnaround time of 2 d. Otherwise, diagnosis may involve the use of complex methods with limited availability such as diffusion tensor imaging (magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging), which is not widely used in medical practice. Conversely, advanced methodologies in ultrasound imaging such as backscatter tensor imaging (BTI) might become a routine procedure in clinical practice at a limited cost. This method evaluates the local organization of soft tissues based on the spatial coherence of their backscattered ultrasonic echoes. Previous work has proven that BTI applied with matrix probes enables measurement of the orientation of soft tissue fibers, especially in the myocardium. The aims of the study described here were (i) to present for the first time a methodology for performing BTI in a volume on ex vivo human breast tumors using a linear probe and (ii) to display a first proof of concept of the link between BTI measurements and the orientation of collagen fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Baptiste Guillaumin
- Physics for Medicine Paris, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, Inserm U1273, CNRS UMR 8063, Paris, France
| | | | - Jean-François Aubry
- Physics for Medicine Paris, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, Inserm U1273, CNRS UMR 8063, Paris, France.
| | | | - Mickaël Tanter
- Physics for Medicine Paris, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, Inserm U1273, CNRS UMR 8063, Paris, France
| | | | - Béatrice Berthon
- Physics for Medicine Paris, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, Inserm U1273, CNRS UMR 8063, Paris, France
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Bhargava A, Monteagudo B, Kushwaha P, Senarathna J, Ren Y, Riddle RC, Aggarwal M, Pathak AP. VascuViz: a multimodality and multiscale imaging and visualization pipeline for vascular systems biology. Nat Methods 2022; 19:242-254. [PMID: 35145319 PMCID: PMC8842955 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-021-01363-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite advances in imaging, image-based vascular systems biology has remained challenging because blood vessel data are often available only from a single modality or at a given spatial scale, and cross-modality data are difficult to integrate. Therefore, there is an exigent need for a multimodality pipeline that enables ex vivo vascular imaging with magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography and optical microscopy of the same sample, while permitting imaging with complementary contrast mechanisms from the whole-organ to endothelial cell spatial scales. To achieve this, we developed 'VascuViz'-an easy-to-use method for simultaneous three-dimensional imaging and visualization of the vascular microenvironment using magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography and optical microscopy in the same intact, unsectioned tissue. The VascuViz workflow permits multimodal imaging with a single labeling step using commercial reagents and is compatible with diverse tissue types and protocols. VascuViz's interdisciplinary utility in conjunction with new data visualization approaches opens up new vistas in image-based vascular systems biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Bhargava
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Benjamin Monteagudo
- Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Priyanka Kushwaha
- Departments of Orthopedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Janaka Senarathna
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yunke Ren
- Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ryan C Riddle
- Departments of Orthopedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Research and Development Service, Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Manisha Aggarwal
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Arvind P Pathak
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Electrical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Zhang H, Shan G, Song J, Tian Y, An LY, Ban Y, Luo GH. Extracellular matrix-related genes play an important role in the progression of NMIBC to MIBC: a bioinformatics analysis study. Biosci Rep 2020; 40:BSR20194192. [PMID: 32391563 DOI: 10.1042/BSR20194192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is the 11th most common cancer in the world. Bladder cancer can be roughly divided into muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) and non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). The aim of the present study was to identify the key genes and pathways associated with the progression of NMIBC to MIBC and to further analyze its molecular mechanism and prognostic significance. We analyzed microarray data of NMIBC and MIBC gene expression datasets (GSE31684) listed in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. After the dataset was analyzed using R software, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of NMIBC and MIBC were identified. These DEGs were analyzed using Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment, KOBAS-Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis. The effect of these hub genes on the survival of bladder cancer patients was analyzed in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. A total of 389 DEGs were obtained, of which 270 were up-regulated and 119 down-regulated. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that DEGs were mainly involved in the pathway of protein digestion and absorption, extracellular matrix (ECM) receiver interaction, phantom, toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway, focal adhesion, NF-κB signaling pathway, PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, and other signaling pathways. Top five hub genes COL1A2, COL3A1, COL5A1, POSTN, and COL12A1 may be involved in the development of MIBC. These results may provide us with a further understanding of the occurrence and development of MIBC, as well as new targets for the diagnosis and treatment of MIBC in the future.
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Prasad S, Chandra A, Cavo M, Parasido E, Fricke S, Lee Y, D'Amone E, Gigli G, Albanese C, Rodriguez O, Del Mercato LL. Optical and magnetic resonance imaging approaches for investigating the tumour microenvironment: state-of-the-art review and future trends. Nanotechnology 2021; 32:062001. [PMID: 33065554 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abc208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The tumour microenvironment (TME) strongly influences tumorigenesis and metastasis. Two of the most characterized properties of the TME are acidosis and hypoxia, both of which are considered hallmarks of tumours as well as critical factors in response to anticancer treatments. Currently, various imaging approaches exist to measure acidosis and hypoxia in the TME, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography and optical imaging. In this review, we will focus on the latest fluorescent-based methods for optical sensing of cell metabolism and MRI as diagnostic imaging tools applied both in vitro and in vivo. The primary emphasis will be on describing the current and future uses of systems that can measure intra- and extra-cellular pH and oxygen changes at high spatial and temporal resolution. In addition, the suitability of these approaches for mapping tumour heterogeneity, and assessing response or failure to therapeutics will also be covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumya Prasad
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Anil Chandra
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Marta Cavo
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Erika Parasido
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Center for Translational Imaging, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Stanley Fricke
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Center for Translational Imaging, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Yichien Lee
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Eliana D'Amone
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gigli
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
- Department of Mathematics and Physics 'Ennio De Giorgi', University of Salento, via Arnesano, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Chris Albanese
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Center for Translational Imaging, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Olga Rodriguez
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Center for Translational Imaging, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Loretta L Del Mercato
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
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Qi W, Zhao P, Sun Z, Ma X, Wang H, Wu W, Wen Z, Kisrieva-Ware Z, Woodard PK, Wang Q, McKinstry RC, Cahill AG, Wang Y. Magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging of cervical microstructure in normal early and late pregnancy in vivo. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2021; 224:101.e1-101.e11. [PMID: 32668204 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical remodeling is an important aspect of birth timing. Before cervical ripening, the collagen fibers are arranged in a closely interweaved network, but during ripening, the fibers become disorganized and the cervix becomes more hydrated. To quantitatively measure cervical remodeling, we need a noninvasive method to monitor changes in cervical collagen fiber organization and hydration in vivo. OBJECTIVE To use diffusion tensor imaging to image and quantify the spatial and temporal differences in cervical microstructure between normal early and late pregnancies. STUDY DESIGN After institutional review board approval and consent, a group of healthy women in early pregnancy (22 patients at 12-14 weeks' gestation) and a group in late pregnancy (27 patients at 36-38 weeks' gestation) underwent magnetic resonance imaging on a Siemens MAGNETOM Vida 3 Tesla unit. Diffusion tensor imaging of the cervix in the axial plane was performed with a two-dimensional single-shot echo planar imaging diffusion-weighted sequence. In early and late pregnancy groups, the differences of the diffusion tensor imaging measures were compared between the subglandular zone and the outer stroma regions of the cervix. In addition, the diffusion tensor imaging measures were compared between the early and late pregnancy groups. Finally, for the late pregnancy group, the diffusion tensor imaging measures were compared between the primipara and multipara groups. RESULTS Diffusion tensor imaging measures of microstructure significantly differed between the subglandular zone and outer stroma regions of the cervix in both early and late pregnancies. In the subglandular zone, fractional anisotropy was lower in the late pregnancy group than in the early pregnancy group (0.37 [0.34-0.42] vs 0.50 [0.43-0.58]; P<.0005), suggesting increased collagen fiber disorganization in this zone. In addition, mean diffusivity was higher in the late pregnancy group than in the early pregnancy group (1.84 [1.73-2.02] mm2/sec×10-3 vs 1.56 [1.42-1.69] mm2/sec×10-3; P=.001), suggesting increased hydration in the subglandular zone. In the outer stroma, neither fractional anisotropy (0.44 [0.40-0.50] vs 0.41 [0.37-0.43]; P=.095) nor mean diffusivity (2.09 [1.92-2.25] mm2/sec×10-3 vs 2.12 [2.04-2.24] mm2/sec×10-3; P=.269) significantly differed between early pregnancy and late pregnancy, suggesting insignificant temporal microstructural changes in this cervical zone. Diffusion tensor imaging measures did not significantly differ between cervixes from primiparous and multiparous women in late pregnancy. CONCLUSION This in vivo study demonstrates that diffusion tensor imaging can noninvasively quantify the microstructural differences in collagen fiber organization and hydration in cervical subregions between early pregnancy and late pregnancy.
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Damaghi M, Mori H, Byrne S, Xu L, Chen T, Johnson J, Gallant ND, Marusyk A, Borowsky AD, Gillies RJ. Collagen production and niche engineering: A novel strategy for cancer cells to survive acidosis in DCIS and evolve. Evol Appl 2020; 13:2689-2703. [PMID: 33294017 PMCID: PMC7691473 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing tumors are dynamic and nonlinear ecosystems, wherein cancer cells adapt to their local microenvironment, and these adaptations further modify the environment, inducing more changes. From nascent intraductal neoplasms to disseminated metastatic disease, several levels of evolutionary adaptations and selections occur. Here, we focus on one example of such an adaptation mechanism, namely, "niche construction" promoted by adaptation to acidosis, which is a metabolic adaptation to the early harsh environment in intraductal neoplasms. The avascular characteristics of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) make the periluminal volume profoundly acidic, and cancer cells must adapt to this to survive. Based on discovery proteomics, we hypothesized that a component of acid adaptation involves production of collagen by pre-cancer cells that remodels the extracellular matrix (ECM) and stabilizes cells under acid stress. The proteomic data were surprising as collagen production and deposition are commonly believed to be the responsibility of mesenchymally derived fibroblasts, and not cells of epithelial origin. Subsequent experiments in 3D culture, spinning disk and second harmonic generation microscopy of DCIS lesions in patients' samples are concordant. Collagen production assay by acid-adapted cells in vitro demonstrated that the mechanism of induction involves the RAS and SMAD pathways. Secretome analyses show upregulation of ECM remodeling enzymes such as TGM2 and LOXL2 that are collagen crosslinkers. These data strongly indicate that acidosis in incipient cancers induces collagen production by cancer cells and support the hypothesis that this adaptation initiates a tumor-permissive microenvironment promoting survival and growth of nascent cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Damaghi
- Department of Cancer PhysiologyMoffitt Cancer Center and Research InstituteTampaFLUSA
- Department of Oncologic SciencesMorsani College of MedicineUniversity of South FloridaTampaFLUSA
| | - Hidetoshi Mori
- Center for Immunology and Infectious DiseasesComprehensive Cancer CenterDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineSchool of MedicineUniversity of California, DavisSacramentoCAUSA
| | - Samantha Byrne
- Department of Cancer PhysiologyMoffitt Cancer Center and Research InstituteTampaFLUSA
| | - Liping Xu
- Department of Cancer PhysiologyMoffitt Cancer Center and Research InstituteTampaFLUSA
| | - Tingan Chen
- Analytic Microscopy CoreMoffitt Cancer Center and Research InstituteTampaFLUSA
| | - Joseph Johnson
- Analytic Microscopy CoreMoffitt Cancer Center and Research InstituteTampaFLUSA
| | - Nathan D. Gallant
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of South FloridaTampaFLUSA
| | - Andriy Marusyk
- Department of Cancer PhysiologyMoffitt Cancer Center and Research InstituteTampaFLUSA
| | - Alexander D. Borowsky
- Center for Immunology and Infectious DiseasesComprehensive Cancer CenterDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineSchool of MedicineUniversity of California, DavisSacramentoCAUSA
| | - Robert J. Gillies
- Department of Cancer PhysiologyMoffitt Cancer Center and Research InstituteTampaFLUSA
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Krishnamachary B, Mironchik Y, Jacob D, Goggins E, Kakkad S, Ofori F, Dore-Savard L, Bharti SK, Wildes F, Penet MF, Black ME, Bhujwalla ZM. Hypoxia theranostics of a human prostate cancer xenograft and the resulting effects on the tumor microenvironment. Neoplasia 2020; 22:679-688. [PMID: 33142234 PMCID: PMC7586064 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Developed a hypoxia theranostic imaging strategy to eliminate hypoxic cells. Hypoxic cell elimination resulted in fewer cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) Collagen 1 fiber patterns were altered with hypoxic cell elimination. cDNA nanoparticles with HRE driven prodrug enzyme expression can target hypoxia.
Hypoxia is frequently observed in human prostate cancer, and is associated with chemoresistance, radioresistance, metastasis, and castrate-resistance. Our purpose in these studies was to perform hypoxia theranostics by combining in vivo hypoxia imaging and hypoxic cancer cell targeting in a human prostate cancer xenograft. This was achieved by engineering PC3 human prostate cancer cells to express luciferase as well as a prodrug enzyme, yeast cytosine deaminase, under control of hypoxic response elements (HREs). Cancer cells display an adaptive response to hypoxia through the activation of several genes mediated by the binding of hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) to HRE in the promoter region of target gene that results in their increased transcription. HIFs promote key steps in tumorigenesis, including angiogenesis, metabolism, proliferation, metastasis, and differentiation. HRE-driven luciferase expression allowed us to detect hypoxia in vivo to time the administration of the nontoxic prodrug 5-fluorocytosine that was converted by yeast cytosine deaminase, expressed under HRE regulation, to the chemotherapy agent 5-fluorouracil to target hypoxic cells. Conversion of 5-fluorocytosine to 5-fluorouracil was detected in vivo by 19F magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Morphological and immunohistochemical staining and molecular analyses were performed to characterize tumor microenvironment changes in cancer-associated fibroblasts, cell viability, collagen 1 fiber patterns, and HIF-1α. These studies expand our understanding of the effects of eliminating hypoxic cancer cells on the tumor microenvironment and in reducing stromal cell populations such as cancer-associated fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Krishnamachary
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
| | - Yelena Mironchik
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Desmond Jacob
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Eibhlin Goggins
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Samata Kakkad
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Francis Ofori
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Louis Dore-Savard
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Santosh Kumar Bharti
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Flonne Wildes
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Marie-France Penet
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Margaret E Black
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
| | - Zaver M Bhujwalla
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
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11
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Syed AK, Whisenant JG, Barnes SL, Sorace AG, Yankeelov TE. Multiparametric Analysis of Longitudinal Quantitative MRI data to Identify Distinct Tumor Habitats in Preclinical Models of Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061682. [PMID: 32599906 PMCID: PMC7352623 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study identifies physiological tumor habitats from quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data and evaluates their alterations in response to therapy. Two models of breast cancer (BT-474 and MDA-MB-231) were imaged longitudinally with diffusion-weighted MRI and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI to quantify tumor cellularity and vascularity, respectively, during treatment with trastuzumab or albumin-bound paclitaxel. Tumors were stained for anti-CD31, anti-Ki-67, and H&E. Imaging and histology data were clustered to identify tumor habitats and percent tumor volume (MRI) or area (histology) of each habitat was quantified. Histological habitats were correlated with MRI habitats. Clustering of both the MRI and histology data yielded three clusters: high-vascularity high-cellularity (HV-HC), low-vascularity high-cellularity (LV-HC), and low-vascularity low-cellularity (LV-LC). At day 4, BT-474 tumors treated with trastuzumab showed a decrease in LV-HC (p = 0.03) and increase in HV-HC (p = 0.03) percent tumor volume compared to control. MDA-MB-231 tumors treated with low-dose albumin-bound paclitaxel showed a longitudinal decrease in LV-HC percent tumor volume at day 3 (p = 0.01). Positive correlations were found between histological and imaging-derived habitats: HV-HC (BT-474: p = 0.03), LV-HC (MDA-MB-231: p = 0.04), LV-LC (BT-474: p = 0.04; MDA-MB-231: p < 0.01). Physiologically distinct tumor habitats associated with therapeutic response were identified with MRI and histology data in preclinical models of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anum K Syed
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Jennifer G Whisenant
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Stephanie L Barnes
- Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Anna G Sorace
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Department of Radiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Thomas E Yankeelov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Department of Oncology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Livestrong Cancer Institutes, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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12
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Rahbar H, Partridge SC, Ha R. Editorial for “Stromal Collagen Content in Breast Tumors Correlates With in vivo Diffusion‐Weighted Imaging: A Comparison of Multi b‐Value DWI With Histologic Specimen From Benign and Malignant Breast Lesions”. J Magn Reson Imaging 2020; 51:1879-1880. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.27085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Habib Rahbar
- Department of Radiology, Clinical Director of Breast Imaging, Seattle Cancer Care AllianceUniversity of Washington School of Medicine Seattle Washington USA
| | - Savannah C. Partridge
- Department of Radiology, Seattle Cancer Care AllianceUniversity of Washington School of Medicine Seattle Washington USA
| | - Richard Ha
- Department of RadiologyNew York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University Medical Center New York New York USA
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13
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Egnell L, Vidić I, Jerome NP, Bofin AM, Bathen TF, Goa PE. Stromal Collagen Content in Breast Tumors Correlates With In Vivo Diffusion-Weighted Imaging: A Comparison of Multi b-Value DWI With Histologic Specimen From Benign and Malignant Breast Lesions. J Magn Reson Imaging 2019; 51:1868-1878. [PMID: 31837076 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.27018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased deposition and reorientation of stromal collagen fibers are associated with breast cancer progression and invasiveness. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) may be sensitive to the collagen fiber organization in the stroma and could provide important biomarkers for breast cancer characterization. PURPOSE To understand how collagen fibers influence water diffusion in vivo and evaluate the relationship between collagen content and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and the signal fractions of the biexponential model using a high b-value scheme. STUDY TYPE Prospective. SUBJECTS/SPECIMENS Forty-five patients with benign (n = 8), malignant (n = 36), and ductal carcinoma in situ (n = 1) breast tumors. Lesions and normal fibroglandular tissue (n = 9) were analyzed using sections of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue stained with hematoxylin, erythrosine, and saffron. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE MRI (3T) protocols: Protocol I: Twice-refocused spin-echo echo-planar imaging with: echo time (TE) 85 msec; repetition time (TR) 9300/11600 msec; matrix 90 × 90 × 60; voxel size 2 × 2 × 2.5 mm3 ; b-values: 0 and 700 s/mm2 . Protocol II: Stejskal-Tanner spin-echo echo-planar imaging with: TE: 88 msec; TR: 10600/11800 msec, matrix 90 × 90 × 60; voxel size 2 × 2 × 2.5 mm3 ; b-values [0, 200, 600, 1200, 1800, 2400, 3000] s/mm2 . ASSESSMENT Area fractions of cellular and collagen content in histologic sections were quantified using whole-slide image analysis and compared with the corresponding DWI parameters. STATISTICAL TESTS Correlations were assessed using Pearson's r. Univariate analysis of group median values was done using the Mann-Whitney U-test. RESULTS Collagen content correlated with the fast signal fraction (r = 0.67, P < 0.001) and ADC (r = 0.58, P < 0.001) and was lower (P < 0.05) in malignant lesions than benign and normal tissues. Cellular content correlated inversely with the fast signal fraction (r = -0.67, P < 0.001) and ADC (r = -0.61, P < 0.001) and was different (P < 0.05) between malignant, benign, and normal tissues. DATA CONCLUSION Our findings suggest stromal collagen content increases diffusivity observed by MRI and is associated with higher ADC and fast signal fraction of the biexponential model. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3 Technical Efficacy Stage: 3 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:1868-1878.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liv Egnell
- Department of Physics, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Igor Vidić
- Department of Physics, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Neil P Jerome
- Clinic of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anna M Bofin
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tone F Bathen
- Clinic of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Pål Erik Goa
- Department of Physics, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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14
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Jagannathan NR. Application of in vivo MR methods in the study of breast cancer metabolism. NMR Biomed 2019; 32:e4032. [PMID: 30456917 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In the last two decades, various in vivo MR methodologies have been evaluated for their potential in the study of cancer metabolism. During malignant transformation, metabolic alterations occur, leading to morphological and functional changes. Among various MR methods, in vivo MRS has been extensively used in breast cancer to study the metabolism of cells, tissues or whole organs. It provides biochemical information at the metabolite level. Altered choline, phospholipid and energy metabolism has been documented using proton (1 H), phosphorus (31 P) and carbon (13 C) isotopes. Increased levels of choline-containing compounds, phosphomonoesters and phosphodiesters in breast cancer, which are indicative of altered choline and phospholipid metabolism, have been reported using in vivo, in vitro and ex vivo NMR studies. These changes are reversed on successful therapy, which depends on the treatment regimen given. Monitoring the various tumor intermediary metabolic pathways using nuclear spin hyperpolarization of 13 C-labeled substrates by dynamic nuclear polarization has also been recently reported. Furthermore, the utility of various methods such as diffusion, dynamic contrast and perfusion MRI have also been evaluated to study breast tumor metabolism. Parameters such as tumor volume, apparent diffusion coefficient, volume transfer coefficient and extracellular volume ratio are estimated. These parameters provide information on the changes in tumor microstructure, microenvironment, abnormal vasculature, permeability and grade of the tumor. Such changes seen during cancer progression are due to alterations in the tumor metabolism, leading to changes in cell architecture. Due to architectural changes, the tissue mechanical properties are altered; this can be studied using magnetic resonance elastography, which measures the elastic properties of tissues. Moreover, these structural MRI methods can be used to investigate the effect of therapy-induced changes in tumor characteristics. This review discusses the potential of various in vivo MR methodologies in the study of breast cancer metabolism.
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15
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Iima M, Honda M, Sigmund EE, Ohno Kishimoto A, Kataoka M, Togashi K. Diffusion MRI of the breast: Current status and future directions. J Magn Reson Imaging 2019; 52:70-90. [PMID: 31520518 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.26908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is increasingly being incorporated into routine breast MRI protocols in many institutions worldwide, and there are abundant breast DWI indications ranging from lesion detection and distinguishing malignant from benign tumors to assessing prognostic biomarkers of breast cancer and predicting treatment response. DWI has the potential to serve as a noncontrast MR screening method. Beyond apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) mapping, which is a commonly used quantitative DWI measure, advanced DWI models such as intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM), non-Gaussian diffusion MRI, and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) are extensively exploited in this field, allowing the characterization of tissue perfusion and architecture and improving diagnostic accuracy without the use of contrast agents. This review will give a summary of the clinical literature along with future directions. Level of Evidence: 5 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;52:70-90.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mami Iima
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Institute for Advancement of Clinical and Translational Science, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Maya Honda
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Eric E Sigmund
- Department of Radiology, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA.,Center for Advanced Imaging and Innovation (CAI2R), New York, New York, USA
| | - Ayami Ohno Kishimoto
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masako Kataoka
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kaori Togashi
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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16
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Jones DK, Alexander DC, Bowtell R, Cercignani M, Dell'Acqua F, McHugh DJ, Miller KL, Palombo M, Parker GJM, Rudrapatna US, Tax CMW. Microstructural imaging of the human brain with a 'super-scanner': 10 key advantages of ultra-strong gradients for diffusion MRI. Neuroimage 2018; 182:8-38. [PMID: 29793061 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The key component of a microstructural diffusion MRI 'super-scanner' is a dedicated high-strength gradient system that enables stronger diffusion weightings per unit time compared to conventional gradient designs. This can, in turn, drastically shorten the time needed for diffusion encoding, increase the signal-to-noise ratio, and facilitate measurements at shorter diffusion times. This review, written from the perspective of the UK National Facility for In Vivo MR Imaging of Human Tissue Microstructure, an initiative to establish a shared 300 mT/m-gradient facility amongst the microstructural imaging community, describes ten advantages of ultra-strong gradients for microstructural imaging. Specifically, we will discuss how the increase of the accessible measurement space compared to a lower-gradient systems (in terms of Δ, b-value, and TE) can accelerate developments in the areas of 1) axon diameter distribution mapping; 2) microstructural parameter estimation; 3) mapping micro-vs macroscopic anisotropy features with gradient waveforms beyond a single pair of pulsed-gradients; 4) multi-contrast experiments, e.g. diffusion-relaxometry; 5) tractography and high-resolution imaging in vivo and 6) post mortem; 7) diffusion-weighted spectroscopy of metabolites other than water; 8) tumour characterisation; 9) functional diffusion MRI; and 10) quality enhancement of images acquired on lower-gradient systems. We finally discuss practical barriers in the use of ultra-strong gradients, and provide an outlook on the next generation of 'super-scanners'.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Jones
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK; School of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3065, Australia.
| | - D C Alexander
- Centre for Medical Image Computing (CMIC), Department of Computer Science, UCL (University College London), Gower Street, London, UK; Clinical Imaging Research Centre, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - R Bowtell
- Sir Peter Mansfield Magnetic Resonance Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK
| | - M Cercignani
- Department of Psychiatry, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | - F Dell'Acqua
- Natbrainlab, Department of Neuroimaging, King's College London, London, UK
| | - D J McHugh
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; CRUK and EPSRC Cancer Imaging Centre in Cambridge and Manchester, Cambridge and Manchester, UK
| | - K L Miller
- Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - M Palombo
- Centre for Medical Image Computing (CMIC), Department of Computer Science, UCL (University College London), Gower Street, London, UK
| | - G J M Parker
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; CRUK and EPSRC Cancer Imaging Centre in Cambridge and Manchester, Cambridge and Manchester, UK; Bioxydyn Ltd., Manchester, UK
| | - U S Rudrapatna
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - C M W Tax
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
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17
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Bhujwalla ZM, Kakkad S, Chen Z, Jin J, Hapuarachchige S, Artemov D, Penet MF. Theranostics and metabolotheranostics for precision medicine in oncology. J Magn Reson 2018; 291:141-151. [PMID: 29705040 PMCID: PMC5943142 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Most diseases, especially cancer, would significantly benefit from precision medicine where treatment is shaped for the individual. The concept of theragnostics or theranostics emerged around 2002 to describe the incorporation of diagnostic assays into the selection of therapy for this purpose. Increasingly, theranostics has been used for strategies that combine noninvasive imaging-based diagnostics with therapy. Within the past decade theranostic imaging has transformed into a rapidly expanding field that is located at the interface of diagnosis and therapy. A critical need in cancer treatment is to minimize damage to normal tissue. Molecular imaging can be applied to identify targets specific to cancer with imaging, design agents against these targets to visualize their delivery, and monitor response to treatment, with the overall purpose of minimizing collateral damage. Genomic and proteomic profiling can provide an extensive 'fingerprint' of each tumor. With this cancer fingerprint, theranostic agents can be designed to personalize treatment for precision medicine of cancer, and minimize damage to normal tissue. Here, for the first time, we have introduced the term 'metabolotheranostics' to describe strategies where disease-based alterations in metabolic pathways detected by MRS are specifically targeted with image-guided delivery platforms to achieve disease-specific therapy. The versatility of MRI and MRS in molecular and functional imaging makes these technologies especially important in theranostic MRI and 'metabolotheranostics'. Our purpose here is to provide insights into the capabilities and applications of this exciting new field in cancer treatment with a focus on MRI and MRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaver M Bhujwalla
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Samata Kakkad
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zhihang Chen
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jiefu Jin
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sudath Hapuarachchige
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dmitri Artemov
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marie-France Penet
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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18
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Jerome NP, Boult JKR, Orton MR, d'Arcy JA, Nerurkar A, Leach MO, Koh DM, Collins DJ, Robinson SP. Characterisation of fibrosis in chemically-induced rat mammary carcinomas using multi-modal endogenous contrast MRI on a 1.5T clinical platform. Eur Radiol 2018; 28:1642-1653. [PMID: 29038934 PMCID: PMC5834566 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-017-5083-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the ability of multi-parametric, endogenous contrast MRI to detect and quantify fibrosis in a chemically-induced rat model of mammary carcinoma. METHODS Female Sprague-Dawley rats (n=18) were administered with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea; resulting mammary carcinomas underwent nine-b-value diffusion-weighted (DWI), ultrashort-echo (UTE) and magnetisation transfer (MT) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on a clinical 1.5T platform, and associated quantitative MR parameters were calculated. Excised tumours were histologically assessed for degree of necrosis, collagen, hypoxia and microvessel density. Significance level adjusted for multiple comparisons was p=0.0125. RESULTS Significant correlations were found between MT parameters and degree of picrosirius red staining (r > 0.85, p < 0.0002 for ka and δ, r < -0.75, p < 0.001 for T1 and T1s, Pearson), indicating that MT is sensitive to collagen content in mammary carcinoma. Picrosirius red also correlated with the DWI parameter fD* (r=0.801, p=0.0004) and conventional gradient-echo T2* (r=-0.660, p=0.0055). Percentage necrosis correlated moderately with ultrashort/conventional-echo signal ratio (r=0.620, p=0.0105). Pimonidazole adduct (hypoxia) and CD31 (microvessel density) staining did not correlate with any MR parameter assessed. CONCLUSIONS Magnetisation transfer MRI successfully detects collagen content in mammary carcinoma, supporting inclusion of MT imaging to identify fibrosis, a prognostic marker, in clinical breast MRI examinations. KEY POINTS • Magnetisation transfer imaging is sensitive to collagen content in mammary carcinoma. • Magnetisation transfer imaging to detect fibrosis in mammary carcinoma fibrosis is feasible. • IVIM diffusion does not correlate with microvessel density in preclinical mammary carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil P Jerome
- CR-UK Cancer Imaging Centre, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Jessica K R Boult
- CR-UK Cancer Imaging Centre, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Matthew R Orton
- CR-UK Cancer Imaging Centre, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - James A d'Arcy
- CR-UK Cancer Imaging Centre, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Ashutosh Nerurkar
- Department of Histopathology, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Martin O Leach
- CR-UK Cancer Imaging Centre, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Dow-Mu Koh
- CR-UK Cancer Imaging Centre, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
- Department of Radiology, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SM2 5PT, UK
| | - David J Collins
- CR-UK Cancer Imaging Centre, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Simon P Robinson
- CR-UK Cancer Imaging Centre, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK.
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Meyer HJ, Garnov N, Surov A. Comparison of Two Mathematical Models of Cellularity Calculation. Transl Oncol 2018; 11:307-310. [PMID: 29413764 PMCID: PMC5884215 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2018.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECT: Nowadays, there is increasing evidence that functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) modalities, namely, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and dynamic-contrast enhanced MRI (DCE MRI), can characterize tumor architecture like cellularity and vascularity. Previously, two formulas based on a logistic tumor growth model were proposed to predict tumor cellularity with DWI and DCE. The purpose of this study was to proof these formulas. METHODS: 16 patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas were included into the study. There were 2 women and 14 men with a mean age of 57.0 ± 7.5 years. In every case, tumor cellularity was calculated using the proposed formulas by Atuegwu et al. In every case, also tumor cell count was estimated on histopathological specimens as an average cell count per 2 to 5 high-power fields. RESULTS: There was no significant correlation between the calculated cellularity and histopathologically estimated cell count by using the formula based on apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values. A moderate positive correlation (r=0.515, P=.041) could be identified by using the formula including ADC and Ve values. CONCLUSIONS: The formula including ADC and Ve values is more sensitive to predict tumor cellularity than the formula including ADC values only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Jonas Meyer
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional radiology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 20, 04103 Leipzig
| | - Nikita Garnov
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional radiology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 20, 04103 Leipzig
| | - Alexey Surov
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional radiology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 20, 04103 Leipzig.
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20
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Abstract
This review provides an overview of the current approaches to engineer defined 3D matrices for the investigation of tumor cell behaviorin vitro, with a focus on collagen-based fibrillar systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiranuwat Sapudom
- Biophysical Chemistry Group
- Institute of Biochemistry
- Faculty of Life Sciences
- Leipzig University
- Leipzig 04103
| | - Tilo Pompe
- Biophysical Chemistry Group
- Institute of Biochemistry
- Faculty of Life Sciences
- Leipzig University
- Leipzig 04103
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21
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Lin G, Keshari KR, Park JM. Cancer Metabolism and Tumor Heterogeneity: Imaging Perspectives Using MR Imaging and Spectroscopy. Contrast Media Mol Imaging 2017; 2017:6053879. [PMID: 29114178 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6053879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells reprogram their metabolism to maintain viability via genetic mutations and epigenetic alterations, expressing overall dynamic heterogeneity. The complex relaxation mechanisms of nuclear spins provide unique and convertible tissue contrasts, making magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) pertinent imaging tools in both clinics and research. In this review, we summarized MR methods that visualize tumor characteristics and its metabolic phenotypes on an anatomical, microvascular, microstructural, microenvironmental, and metabolomics scale. The review will progress from the utilities of basic spin-relaxation contrasts in cancer imaging to more advanced imaging methods that measure tumor-distinctive parameters such as perfusion, water diffusion, magnetic susceptibility, oxygenation, acidosis, redox state, and cell death. Analytical methods to assess tumor heterogeneity are also reviewed in brief. Although the clinical utility of tumor heterogeneity from imaging is debatable, the quantification of tumor heterogeneity using functional and metabolic MR images with development of robust analytical methods and improved MR methods may offer more critical roles of tumor heterogeneity data in clinics. MRI/MRS can also provide insightful information on pharmacometabolomics, biomarker discovery, disease diagnosis and prognosis, and treatment response. With these future directions in mind, we anticipate the widespread utilization of these MR-based techniques in studying in vivo cancer biology to better address significant clinical needs.
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Campbell JJ, Husmann A, Hume RD, Watson CJ, Cameron RE. Development of three-dimensional collagen scaffolds with controlled architecture for cell migration studies using breast cancer cell lines. Biomaterials 2017; 114:34-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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