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Xie Z, Zhao T, Yu X, Wang J. Nonlinear Optical Properties of 2D Materials and their Applications. Small 2024:e2311621. [PMID: 38618662 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
2D materials are a subject of intense research in recent years owing to their exclusive photoelectric properties. With giant nonlinear susceptibility and perfect phase matching, 2D materials have marvelous nonlinear light-matter interactions. The nonlinear optical properties of 2D materials are of great significance to the design and analysis of applied materials and functional devices. Here, the fundamental of nonlinear optics (NLO) for 2D materials is introduced, and the methods for characterizing and measuring second-order and third-order nonlinear susceptibility of 2D materials are reviewed. Furthermore, the theoretical and experimental values of second-order susceptibility χ(2) and third-order susceptibility χ(3) are tabulated. Several applications and possible future research directions of second-harmonic generation (SHG) and third-harmonic generation (THG) for 2D materials are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiang Xie
- National Research Center for Optical Sensors/communications Integrated Networks, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Tianxiang Zhao
- National Research Center for Optical Sensors/communications Integrated Networks, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Xuechao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Junjia Wang
- National Research Center for Optical Sensors/communications Integrated Networks, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou, Nanjing, 210096, China
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Fu Y, Liu Z, Yue S, Zhang K, Wang R, Zhang Z. Optical Second Harmonic Generation of Low-Dimensional Semiconductor Materials. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2024; 14:662. [PMID: 38668156 PMCID: PMC11054873 DOI: 10.3390/nano14080662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, the phenomenon of optical second harmonic generation (SHG) has attracted significant attention as a pivotal nonlinear optical effect in research. Notably, in low-dimensional materials (LDMs), SHG detection has become an instrumental tool for elucidating nonlinear optical properties due to their pronounced second-order susceptibility and distinct electronic structure. This review offers an exhaustive overview of the generation process and experimental configurations for SHG in such materials. It underscores the latest advancements in harnessing SHG as a sensitive probe for investigating the nonlinear optical attributes of these materials, with a particular focus on its pivotal role in unveiling electronic structures, bandgap characteristics, and crystal symmetry. By analyzing SHG signals, researchers can glean invaluable insights into the microscopic properties of these materials. Furthermore, this paper delves into the applications of optical SHG in imaging and time-resolved experiments. Finally, future directions and challenges toward the improvement in the NLO in LDMs are discussed to provide an outlook in this rapidly developing field, offering crucial perspectives for the design and optimization of pertinent devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Fu
- Microelectronics Instruments and Equipment R&D Center, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3 Beitucheng West Road, Beijing 100029, China; (Y.F.); (Z.L.); (S.Y.); (K.Z.)
| | - Zhengyan Liu
- Microelectronics Instruments and Equipment R&D Center, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3 Beitucheng West Road, Beijing 100029, China; (Y.F.); (Z.L.); (S.Y.); (K.Z.)
- School of Integrated Circuits, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Song Yue
- Microelectronics Instruments and Equipment R&D Center, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3 Beitucheng West Road, Beijing 100029, China; (Y.F.); (Z.L.); (S.Y.); (K.Z.)
- School of Integrated Circuits, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kunpeng Zhang
- Microelectronics Instruments and Equipment R&D Center, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3 Beitucheng West Road, Beijing 100029, China; (Y.F.); (Z.L.); (S.Y.); (K.Z.)
| | - Ran Wang
- Microelectronics Instruments and Equipment R&D Center, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3 Beitucheng West Road, Beijing 100029, China; (Y.F.); (Z.L.); (S.Y.); (K.Z.)
- School of Integrated Circuits, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zichen Zhang
- Microelectronics Instruments and Equipment R&D Center, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3 Beitucheng West Road, Beijing 100029, China; (Y.F.); (Z.L.); (S.Y.); (K.Z.)
- School of Integrated Circuits, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
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Chou Chau YF. Boosting Second Harmonic Generation Efficiency and Nonlinear Susceptibility via Metasurfaces Featuring Split-Ring Resonators and Bowtie Nanoantennas. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2024; 14:664. [PMID: 38668158 PMCID: PMC11053649 DOI: 10.3390/nano14080664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
This work investigates a metasurface design to achieve remarkable second harmonic generation (SHG) conversion efficiency and enhance effective nonlinear susceptibility using the finite element method. The elements of the designed structure are composed of a rectangular split-ring resonator Ag film, a bowtie-shaped Ag nanoantenna, and a pair of Bi bars that induce nonlinear optical phenomena due to the nonuniform distribution of the electric and magnetic fields within the device surface. The simulation results agree perfectly with the theory and demonstrate outstanding achievements in terms of SHG conversion efficiency (η) and effective nonlinear susceptibility (χeff(2)). Specifically, the metasurface reaches a peak η value of 4.544×10-8 and an effective nonlinear susceptibility of 3.4×104 pm/V. This work presents a novel and versatile design to achieve high η and χeff(2) in an SHG metasurface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Fong Chou Chau
- Centre for Advanced Material and Energy Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Tungku Link, Gadong, Bandar Seri Begawan BE1410, Brunei
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Boscaro D, Sikorski P. Spheroids as a 3D in vitro model to study bone and bone mineralization. Biomater Adv 2024; 157:213727. [PMID: 38101067 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Traumas, fractures, and diseases can severely influence bone tissue. Insight into bone mineralization is essential for the development of therapies and new strategies to enhance bone regeneration. 3D cell culture systems, in particular cellular spheroids, have gained a lot of interest as they can recapitulate crucial aspects of the in vivo tissue microenvironment, such as the extensive cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions found in tissue. The potential of combining spheroids and various classes of biomaterials opens also new opportunities for research within bone tissue engineering. Characterizing cellular organization, ECM structure, and ECM mineralization is a fundamental step for understanding the biological processes involved in bone tissue formation in a spheroid-based model system. Still, many experimental techniques used in this field of research are optimized for use with monolayer cell cultures. There is thus a need to develop new and improving existing experimental techniques, for applications in 3D cell culture systems. In this review, bone composition and spheroids properties are described. This is followed by an insight into the techniques that are currently used in bone spheroids research and how these can be used to study bone mineralization. We discuss the application of staining techniques used with optical and confocal fluorescence microscopy, molecular biology techniques, second harmonic imaging microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and microscopy, as well as electron microscopy-based techniques, to evaluate osteogenic differentiation, collagen production and mineral deposition. Challenges in the applications of these methods in bone regeneration and bone tissue engineering are described. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: 3D cell cultures have gained a lot of interest in the last decades as a possible technique that can be used to recreate in vitro in vivo biological process. The importance of 3D environment during bone mineralization led scientists to use this cell culture to study this biological process, to obtain a better understanding of the events involved. New and improved techniques are also required for a proper analysis of this cell model and the process under investigation. This review summarizes the state of the art of the techniques used to study bone mineralization and how 3D cell cultures, in particular spheroids, are tested and analysed to obtain better resolved results related to this complex biological process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diamante Boscaro
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskoleringen 5, Trondheim 7034, Norway.
| | - Pawel Sikorski
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskoleringen 5, Trondheim 7034, Norway.
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Rodimova S, Bobrov N, Mozherov A, Elagin V, Karabut M, Ermakova P, Shchechkin I, Kozlov D, Krylov D, Gavrina A, Kashina A, Zagainov V, Zagaynova E, Kuznetsova D. The Effect of Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 on the Energy Metabolism of Hepatocytes: Multiphoton Microscopy and Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17016. [PMID: 38069338 PMCID: PMC10706954 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242317016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A decrease in the regenerative potential of the liver during the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is observed in the vast majority of patients with diabetes mellitus type 1, significantly increases the risk of postoperative liver failure. In this regard, it is necessary to develop new approaches for the rapid intraoperative assessment of the condition of liver tissue in the presence of concomitant liver pathology. A modern label-free approach based on multiphoton microscopy, second harmonic generation (SHG), and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) allow for the evaluation of the structure of liver tissue as well as the assessment of the metabolic state of hepatocytes, even at the cellular level. We obtained optical criteria and identified specific changes in the metabolic state of hepatocytes for a reduced liver regenerative potential in the presence of induced diabetes mellitus type 1. The obtained criteria will expand the possibilities for the express assessment of the structural and functional state of liver tissue in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Rodimova
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (S.R.); (V.E.); (D.K.); (D.K.)
| | - Nikolai Bobrov
- The Volga District Medical Centre of Federal Medical and Biological Agency, 14 Ilinskaya St., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Artem Mozherov
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (S.R.); (V.E.); (D.K.); (D.K.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetic Research of the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Lobachevsky Nizhny Novgorod National Research State University, 23 Gagarina Ave., 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Vadim Elagin
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (S.R.); (V.E.); (D.K.); (D.K.)
| | - Maria Karabut
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (S.R.); (V.E.); (D.K.); (D.K.)
| | - Polina Ermakova
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (S.R.); (V.E.); (D.K.); (D.K.)
| | - Ilya Shchechkin
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (S.R.); (V.E.); (D.K.); (D.K.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetic Research of the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Lobachevsky Nizhny Novgorod National Research State University, 23 Gagarina Ave., 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Dmitry Kozlov
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (S.R.); (V.E.); (D.K.); (D.K.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetic Research of the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Lobachevsky Nizhny Novgorod National Research State University, 23 Gagarina Ave., 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Dmitry Krylov
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (S.R.); (V.E.); (D.K.); (D.K.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetic Research of the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Lobachevsky Nizhny Novgorod National Research State University, 23 Gagarina Ave., 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Alena Gavrina
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (S.R.); (V.E.); (D.K.); (D.K.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetic Research of the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Lobachevsky Nizhny Novgorod National Research State University, 23 Gagarina Ave., 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Aleksandra Kashina
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (S.R.); (V.E.); (D.K.); (D.K.)
| | - Vladimir Zagainov
- The Volga District Medical Centre of Federal Medical and Biological Agency, 14 Ilinskaya St., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Nizhny Novgorod Regional Clinical Oncologic Dispensary, 11/1 Delovaya St., 603126 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Elena Zagaynova
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (S.R.); (V.E.); (D.K.); (D.K.)
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 1a Malaya Pirogovskaya St., 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria Kuznetsova
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Sq., 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (S.R.); (V.E.); (D.K.); (D.K.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetic Research of the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Lobachevsky Nizhny Novgorod National Research State University, 23 Gagarina Ave., 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
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Kurz B, Lange T, Voelker M, Hart ML, Rolauffs B. Articular Cartilage-From Basic Science Structural Imaging to Non-Invasive Clinical Quantitative Molecular Functional Information for AI Classification and Prediction. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14974. [PMID: 37834422 PMCID: PMC10573252 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This review presents the changes that the imaging of articular cartilage has undergone throughout the last decades. It highlights that the expectation is no longer to image the structure and associated functions of articular cartilage but, instead, to devise methods for generating non-invasive, function-depicting images with quantitative information that is useful for detecting the early, pre-clinical stage of diseases such as primary or post-traumatic osteoarthritis (OA/PTOA). In this context, this review summarizes (a) the structure and function of articular cartilage as a molecular imaging target, (b) quantitative MRI for non-invasive assessment of articular cartilage composition, microstructure, and function with the current state of medical diagnostic imaging, (c), non-destructive imaging methods, (c) non-destructive quantitative articular cartilage live-imaging methods, (d) artificial intelligence (AI) classification of degeneration and prediction of OA progression, and (e) our contribution to this field, which is an AI-supported, non-destructive quantitative optical biopsy for early disease detection that operates on a digital tissue architectural fingerprint. Collectively, this review shows that articular cartilage imaging has undergone profound changes in the purpose and expectations for which cartilage imaging is used; the image is becoming an AI-usable biomarker with non-invasive quantitative functional information. This may aid in the development of translational diagnostic applications and preventive or early therapeutic interventions that are yet beyond our reach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodo Kurz
- Department of Anatomy, Christian-Albrechts-University, Otto-Hahn-Platz 8, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Lange
- Medical Physics Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center—Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79085 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany;
| | - Marita Voelker
- G.E.R.N. Research Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center—Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79085 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; (M.V.); (M.L.H.)
| | - Melanie L. Hart
- G.E.R.N. Research Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center—Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79085 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; (M.V.); (M.L.H.)
| | - Bernd Rolauffs
- G.E.R.N. Research Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center—Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79085 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; (M.V.); (M.L.H.)
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Albert HM, Priya R, Ahire BB, Devi NSMPL, Sailaja JM, Tabassum SR, Kumar NM, Gonsago CA. Synthesis, Structural, Spectroscopic, Fluorescence, and Dielectric Studies of Bis-(4-Aminopyridine)-Zinc(II) Acetate: A Metal-Organic Crystal. J Fluoresc 2023:10.1007/s10895-023-03429-3. [PMID: 37750947 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03429-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
The advancement of crystalline growth and characterization tools allows us to investigate novel nonlinear optical substances suitable for photonic applications. Bis-(4-aminopyridine)-zinc(II) acetate (B4AZA), a metal-organic crystal was produced in this study using the slow evaporation procedure at room temperature. Analytical studies such as X-ray crystallography, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), UV-visible (UV-Vis), fluorescence, second harmonic generation (SHG), and dielectric tests were used to characterize the as-grown B4AZA crystals. According to the solubility data, the sample has a positive temperature coefficient of solubility. The crystallographic findings show that the B4AZA crystallized in a monoclinic structure with the P21/n space group. Molecular vibrations and functional groups in the substance were determined using the FT-IR technique. The UV-Vis absorbance and transmittance spectra have shown the wide transparency and minimum absorbance of the B4AZA in the near UV and entire visible regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. The bandgap of the B4AZA has been calculated using the Tauc relation and found to be 4.32 eV. The fluorescence spectra have shown a prominent emission peak at 584 nm with an excitation wavelength of 280 nm. The larger Stokes shift found in the fluorescence spectra is advantageous for practical applications. The SHG study revealed that the powdered B4AZA samples generated a second harmonic output. The dielectric test revealed frequency-dependent changes in the dielectric constant and loss factor. Both the dielectric constant and the loss factor decrease exponentially as frequency increases, reaching low values at higher frequencies. The experimental results illustrate the suitability of the B4AZA crystals for photonic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Merina Albert
- Department of Physics, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India.
| | - R Priya
- Department of Physics, R.M.D. Engineering College, Kavaraipettai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Bajirao Bhila Ahire
- Department of Chemistry, N.V.P.M's Arts, Commerce and Science College, Lasalgaon (Nashik), Maharashtra, India
| | - N S M P Latha Devi
- Department of Engineering Physics, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation (KLEF), Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - J Madhuri Sailaja
- Department of Physics, BS & HSS, AUCEW, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - S Raziya Tabassum
- Department of Chemistry, Government Thirumagal Mills College, Gudiyattam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nellore Manoj Kumar
- Department of Mathematics, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, India
| | - C Alosious Gonsago
- Department of Electronics Science, Mohamed Sathak College of Arts & Science, Chennai, India
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Shi J, Feng S, He P, Fu Y, Zhang X. Nonlinear Optical Properties from Engineered 2D Materials. Molecules 2023; 28:6737. [PMID: 37764513 PMCID: PMC10535766 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials with atomic thickness, tunable light-matter interaction, and significant nonlinear susceptibility are emerging as potential candidates for new-generation optoelectronic devices. In this review, we briefly cover the recent research development of typical nonlinear optic (NLO) processes including second harmonic generation (SHG), third harmonic generation (THG), as well as two-photon photoluminescence (2PPL) of 2D materials. Nonlinear light-matter interaction in atomically thin 2D materials is important for both fundamental research and future optoelectronic devices. The NLO performance of 2D materials can be greatly modulated with methods such as carrier injection tuning, strain tuning, artificially stacking, as well as plasmonic resonant enhancement. This review will discuss various nonlinear optical processes and corresponding tuning methods and propose its potential NLO application of 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Shi
- Institute of Information Photonics Technology, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (S.F.); (Y.F.); (X.Z.)
| | - Shifeng Feng
- Institute of Information Photonics Technology, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (S.F.); (Y.F.); (X.Z.)
| | - Peng He
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore;
| | - Yulan Fu
- Institute of Information Photonics Technology, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (S.F.); (Y.F.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xinping Zhang
- Institute of Information Photonics Technology, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (S.F.); (Y.F.); (X.Z.)
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Fithria F, Hartaty N, Susanti SS. The Effectiveness of Self-Help Group ( SHG) Intervention on Smoking Prevention of Adolescents in Aceh, Indonesia: A Controlled Field Trail. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2023; 24:991-997. [PMID: 36974554 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2023.24.3.991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to examine the effectiveness of the Self-Help Group (SHG) intervention in smoking prevention among adolescents. METHODS This study was carried out in 2 Junior High Schools in Aceh Besar using a quasi-experimental method, which was conducted in the intervention and the control groups with a pre-post design. The number of samples was determined based on power analysis with medium effect size and power (0.08) with 40 respondents per group. After randomizing the schools, a total of 40 students who met the criteria were randomly selected for each school. The data were collected by using a self-report questionnaire, consisting of knowledge, as well as smoking attitudes, intentions, and behavior. The SHG intervention consist of 6 sessions, each of which was conducted per week with a duration of 40-60 minutes per session. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. RESULTS The results of statistical tests using the Mann-Whitney and t-test showed that there was an effect of the SHG intervention on knowledge (p-value 0.043), attitude (p-value 0.001), intention (p-value 0.029), and behavior (p-value 0.003). The average score of knowledge was higher in the SHG intervention group than in the control group, while the average score of attitude, smoking intention and behavior was lower in the SHG intervention group than in the control group. CONCLUSION Health practitioners, specifically community nurses are suggested to implement SHG interventions as one of the strategies for preventing smoking among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fithria Fithria
- Department of Family Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Neti Hartaty
- Department of Family Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
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Rodimova S, Bobrov N, Mozherov A, Elagin V, Karabut M, Shchechkin I, Kozlov D, Krylov D, Gavrina A, Zagainov V, Zagaynova E, Kuznetsova D. Optical Biomedical Imaging Reveals Criteria for Violated Liver Regenerative Potential. Cells 2023; 12. [PMID: 36766821 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To reduce the risk of post-hepatectomy liver failure in patients with hepatic pathologies, it is necessary to develop an approach to express the intraoperative assessment of the liver's regenerative potential. Traditional clinical methods do not enable the prediction of the function of the liver remnant. Modern label-free bioimaging, using multiphoton microscopy in combination with second harmonic generation (SHG) and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), can both expand the possibilities for diagnosing liver pathologies and for assessing the regenerative potential of the liver. Using multiphoton and SHG microscopy, we assessed the structural state of liver tissue at different stages of induced steatosis and fibrosis before and after 70% partial hepatectomy in rats. Using FLIM, we also performed a detailed analysis of the metabolic state of the hepatocytes. We were able to determine criteria that can reveal a lack of regenerative potential in violated liver, such as the presence of zones with reduced NAD(P)H autofluorescence signals. Furthermore, for a liver with pathology, there was an absence of the jump in the fluorescence lifetime contributions of the bound form of NADH and NADPH the 3rd day after hepatectomy that is characteristic of normal liver regeneration. Such results are associated with decreased intensity of oxidative phosphorylation and of biosynthetic processes in pathological liver, which is the reason for the impaired liver recovery. This modern approach offers an effective tool that can be successfully translated into the clinic for express, intraoperative assessment of the regenerative potential of the pathological liver of a patient.
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11
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Aghigh A, Bancelin S, Rivard M, Pinsard M, Ibrahim H, Légaré F. Second harmonic generation microscopy: a powerful tool for bio-imaging. Biophys Rev 2023; 15:43-70. [PMID: 36909955 PMCID: PMC9995455 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-022-01041-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy is an important optical imaging technique in a variety of applications. This article describes the history and physical principles of SHG microscopy and its more advanced variants, as well as their strengths and weaknesses in biomedical applications. It also provides an overview of SHG and advanced SHG imaging in neuroscience and microtubule imaging and how these methods can aid in understanding microtubule formation, structuration, and involvement in neuronal function. Finally, we offer a perspective on the future of these methods and how technological advancements can help make SHG microscopy a more widely adopted imaging technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Aghigh
- Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, Institut National de La Recherche Scientifique, Varennes, QC Canada
| | | | - Maxime Rivard
- National Research Council Canada, Boucherville, QC Canada
| | - Maxime Pinsard
- Institut National de Recherche en Sciences Et Technologies Pour L’environnement Et L’agriculture, Paris, France
| | - Heide Ibrahim
- Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, Institut National de La Recherche Scientifique, Varennes, QC Canada
| | - François Légaré
- Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, Institut National de La Recherche Scientifique, Varennes, QC Canada
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12
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Nelson MS, Liu Y, Wilson HM, Li B, Rosado-Mendez IM, Rogers JD, Block WF, Eliceiri KW. Multiscale Label-Free Imaging of Fibrillar Collagen in the Tumor Microenvironment. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2614:187-235. [PMID: 36587127 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2914-7_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
With recent advances in cancer therapeutics, there is a great need for improved imaging methods for characterizing cancer onset and progression in a quantitative and actionable way. Collagen, the most abundant extracellular matrix protein in the tumor microenvironment (and the body in general), plays a multifaceted role, both hindering and promoting cancer invasion and progression. Collagen deposition can defend the tumor with immunosuppressive effects, while aligned collagen fiber structures can enable tumor cell migration, aiding invasion and metastasis. Given the complex role of collagen fiber organization and topology, imaging has been a tool of choice to characterize these changes on multiple spatial scales, from the organ and tumor scale to cellular and subcellular level. Macroscale density already aids in the detection and diagnosis of solid cancers, but progress is being made to integrate finer microscale features into the process. Here we review imaging modalities ranging from optical methods of second harmonic generation (SHG), polarized light microscopy (PLM), and optical coherence tomography (OCT) to the medical imaging approaches of ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These methods have enabled scientists and clinicians to better understand the impact collagen structure has on the tumor environment, at both the bulk scale (density) and microscale (fibrillar structure) levels. We focus on imaging methods with the potential to both examine the collagen structure in as natural a state as possible and still be clinically amenable, with an emphasis on label-free strategies, exploiting intrinsic optical properties of collagen fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Nelson
- Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Yuming Liu
- Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Helen M Wilson
- Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Bin Li
- Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ivan M Rosado-Mendez
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jeremy D Rogers
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA.,McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Walter F Block
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kevin W Eliceiri
- Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA. .,Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA. .,Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA. .,McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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13
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Thomas B, Anderson K, De Silva I, Verbeck G, Taylor S. Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR FT-IR) Spectroscopy Sensitivity to the Thermal Decay of Bone Collagen. Appl Spectrosc 2023; 77:53-61. [PMID: 36253880 DOI: 10.1177/00037028221135634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of collagen stability is of interest in forensics, archaeology, and molecular paleontology. Collagen decay rates are often measured by thermal kinetic studies that employ liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to assay collagen quantities. However, these kinetic studies generally focus on measuring the decreasing levels of collagen instead of an exact molecular concentration of each sample. Thus, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR FT-IR) spectroscopy can offer a simpler and less expensive alternative to LC-MS. The application of a new protocol to determine decreasing amounts of bone collagen in artificially decayed porcine and bovine bone was assessed. The protocol uses a forensic application of ATR FT-IR spectroscopy on size-restricted bone powder from three uniformly high temperature conditions. Also, for the first time, collagen-specific second-harmonic generation (SHG) imaging was also applied to artificially aged bone to add an independent, qualitative perspective to parallel FT-IR assessments. SHG images and ATR FT-IR spectra together reveal the same orderly bone collagen decay as found in previous thermal kinetic studies. Resulting Arrhenius plots with r2 values > 0.95 suggest that the ATR FT-IR-based protocol has potential as a precise and simple tool for measuring bone collagen decay rates. The results are significant for applications of thermal kinetic studies, and our protocol can serve as an inexpensive, precise, and pragmatic means of evaluating bone collagen stability within an array of conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Thomas
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, 4591University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Kevin Anderson
- Department of Biology, 52690Arizona Christian University, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | - Imesha De Silva
- Department of Chemistry, 3404University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Guido Verbeck
- Department of Chemistry, 3404University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Stephen Taylor
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, 4591University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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14
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Van Gulick L, Saby C, Jaisson S, Okwieka A, Gillery P, Dervin E, Morjani H, Beljebbar A. An integrated approach to investigate age-related modifications of morphological, mechanical and structural properties of type I collagen. Acta Biomater 2022; 137:64-78. [PMID: 34673231 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The main propose of this study is to characterize the impact of chronological aging on mechanical, structural, biochemical, and morphological properties of type I collagen. We have developed an original approach combining a stress-strain measurement device with a portable Raman spectrometer to enable simultaneous measurement of Raman spectra during stress vs strain responses of young adult, adult and old rat tail tendon fascicles (RTTFs). Our data showed an increase in all mechanical properties such as Young's modulus, yield strength, and ultimate tensile strength with aging. At the molecular level, Raman data revealed that the most relevant frequency shift was observed at 938 cm-1 in Old RTTFs, which is assigned to the C-C. This suggested a long axis deformation of the peptide chains in Old RTTFs during tensile stress. In addition, the intensity of the band at 872 cm-1, corresponding to hydroxyproline decreased for young adult RTTFs and increased for the adult ones, while it remained unchanged for Old RTTFs during tensile stress. The amide III band (1242 and 1265 cm-1) as well as the band ratios I1631/ I1663 and I1645 / I1663 responses to tensile stress were depending on mechanical phases (toe, elastic and plastic). The quantification of advanced glycation end-products by LC-MS/MS and spectrofluorometry showed an increase in their content with aging. This suggested that the accumulation of such products was correlated to the alterations observed in the mechanical and molecular properties of RTTFs. Analysis of the morphological properties of RTTFs by SHG combined with CT-FIRE software revealed an increase in length and straightness of collagen fibers, whereas their width and wavy fraction decreased. Our integrated study model could be useful to provide additional translational information to monitor progression of diseases related to collagen remodeling in musculoskeletal disorders. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Type I collagen is the major component of the extracellular matrix. Its architectural and structural organization plays an important role in the mechanical properties of many tissues at the physiological and pathological levels. The objective of this work is to develop an integrated approach to bring a new insight on the impact of chronological aging on the structural organization and mechanical properties of type I collagen. We combined a portable Raman spectrometer with a mechanical tensile testing device in order to monitor in real time the changes in the Raman fingerprint of type I collagen fibers during the mechanical stress. Raman spectroscopy allowed the identification of the type I collagen bonds that were affected by mechanical stress in a differential manner with aging.
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15
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Pichon J, Ledevin M, Larcher T, Jamme F, Rouger K, Dubreil L. Label-free 3D characterization of cardiac fibrosis in muscular dystrophy using SHG imaging of cleared tissue. Biol Cell 2021; 114:91-103. [PMID: 34964145 DOI: 10.1111/boc.202100056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND INFORMATION Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a neuromuscular disease caused by mutations in the gene encoding dystrophin. It leads to repeated cycles of muscle fiber necrosis and regeneration and progressive replacement of fibers by fibrotic and adipose tissue, with consequent muscle weakness and premature death. Fibrosis and, in particular, collagen accumulation are important pathological features of dystrophic muscle. A better understanding of the development of fibrosis is crucial to enable better management of DMD. Three-dimensional (3D) characterization of collagen organization by second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy has already proven a highly informative means of studying the fibrotic network in tissue. RESULTS Here, we combine for the first-time tissue clearing with SHG microscopy to characterize in depth the 3D cardiac fibrosis network from DMDmdx rat model. Heart sections (1-mm-thick) from 1-year-old wild-type (WT) and DMDmdx rats were cleared using the CUBIC protocol. SHG microscopy revealed significantly greater collagen deposition in DMDmdx versus WT sections. Analyses revealed a specific pattern of SHG+ segmented objects in DMDmdx cardiac muscle, characterized by a less elongated shape and increased density. Compared with the observed alignment of SHG+ collagen fibers in WT rats, profound fiber disorganization was observed in DMDmdx rats, in which we observed two distinct SHG+ collagen fiber profiles, which may reflect two distinct stages of the fibrotic process in DMD. CONCLUSION AND SIGNIFICANCE The current work highlights the interest to combine multiphoton SHG microscopy and tissue clearing for 3D fibrosis network characterization in label free organ. It could be a relevant tool to characterize the fibrotic tissue remodeling in relation to the disease progression and/or to evaluate the efficacy of therapeutic strategies in preclinical studies in DMD model or others fibrosis-related cardiomyopathies diseases. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Frédéric Jamme
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, l'Orme des Merisiers, Gif-sur-Yvette, F-91192, France
| | - Karl Rouger
- INRAE, Oniris, PAnTher, Nantes, F-44307, France
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16
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Xu Z, Zhang L, Bentil SA, Bratlie KM. Gellan gum-gelatin viscoelastic hydrogels as scaffolds to promote fibroblast differentiation. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2021; 129:112370. [PMID: 34579889 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Fabricating hydrogel scaffolds that are both bioreactive toward fibroblasts while still mechanically compatible with surrounding tissue is a major challenge in tissue engineering. This is because the outcome of scaffold implantation is largely determined by fibroblasts differentiating toward myofibroblasts, which is characterized by the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Previous studies promoted fibroblasts differentiation by increasing scaffold substrate stiffness. However, the stiffness of scaffold has to be compatible with surrounding tissue, as mismatched stiffness may cause initial hyperplasia and inappropriate endothelial layer development. Therefore, we adjusted the hydrogel chemical component, and thus viscoelasticity to affect the mechano-signaling of fibroblasts and promote fibroblasts differentiation. Elastic gellan gum and viscoelastic gelatin were hybridized at different ratios to fabricate hydrogel scaffold with varied stress-relaxation. Vitronectin (VN) was used to further regulate the interaction between fibroblasts and the substrate. Fibroblast differentiation, characterized by α-SMA area per cell, increased from~3000-4000 μm2/cell on less viscoelastic gels to ~5000 μm2/cell on the most viscoelastic gel. Fibroblasts seeded on hydrogels had a slower migration rate on more viscoelastic hydrogels (slowest at 38 ± 14 μm/h) compared to the migration speed on less viscoelastic hydrogels (74 ± 20 μm/h). VN slowed the migration speed on all hydrogels. The organization of collagen deposited by fibroblasts cultured on the hydrogels was characterized by second harmonic generation (SHG), which showed that collagen was more organized (parallel) on more viscoelastic hydrogels. In summary, we provided a novel strategy to fabricate hydrogel scaffolds that can promote fibroblasts differentiation while keeping the stiffness compatible with blood vessels. The most viscoelastic hydrogel studied here meets these requirements best.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Xu
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States of America
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States of America
| | - Sarah A Bentil
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States of America
| | - Kaitlin M Bratlie
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States of America; Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States of America.
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17
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Sarott MF, Gradauskaite E, Nordlander J, Strkalj N, Trassin M. In situmonitoring of epitaxial ferroelectric thin-film growth. J Phys Condens Matter 2021; 33:293001. [PMID: 33873174 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abf979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In ferroelectric thin films, the polarization state and the domain configuration define the macroscopic ferroelectric properties such as the switching dynamics. Engineering of the ferroelectric domain configuration during synthesis is in permanent evolution and can be achieved by a range of approaches, extending from epitaxial strain tuning over electrostatic environment control to the influence of interface atomic termination. Exotic polar states are now designed in the technologically relevant ultrathin regime. The promise of energy-efficient devices based on ultrathin ferroelectric films depends on the ability to create, probe, and manipulate polar states in ever more complex epitaxial architectures. Because most ferroelectric oxides exhibit ferroelectricity during the epitaxial deposition process, the direct access to the polarization emergence and its evolution during the growth process, beyond the realm of existing structuralin situdiagnostic tools, is becoming of paramount importance. We review the recent progress in the field of monitoring polar states with an emphasis on the non-invasive probes allowing investigations of polarization during the thin film growth of ferroelectric oxides. A particular importance is given to optical second harmonic generationin situ. The ability to determine the net polarization and domain configuration of ultrathin films and multilayers during the growth of multilayers brings new insights towards a better understanding of the physics of ultrathin ferroelectrics and further control of ferroelectric-based heterostructures for devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin F Sarott
- Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elzbieta Gradauskaite
- Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Johanna Nordlander
- Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nives Strkalj
- Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Morgan Trassin
- Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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18
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Picaut L, Trichet L, Hélary C, Ducourthial G, Bonnin MA, Haye B, Ronsin O, Schanne-Klein MC, Duprez D, Baumberger T, Mosser G. Core-Shell Pure Collagen Threads Extruded from Highly Concentrated Solutions Promote Colonization and Differentiation of C3H10T1/2 Cells. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:626-635. [PMID: 33400500 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The elaboration of scaffolds able to efficiently promote cell differentiation toward a given cell type remains challenging. Here, we engineered dense type I collagen threads with the aim of providing scaffolds with specific morphological and mechanical properties for C3H10T1/2 mesenchymal stem cells. Extrusion of pure collagen solutions at different concentrations (15, 30, and 60 mg/mL) in a PBS 5× buffer generated dense fibrillated collagen threads. For the two highest concentrations, threads displayed a core-shell structure with a marked fibril orientation of the outer layer along the longitudinal axis of the threads. Young's modulus and ultimate tensile stress as high as 1 and 0.3 MPa, respectively, were obtained for the most concentrated collagen threads without addition of any cross-linkers. C3H10T1/2 cells oriented themselves with a mean angle of 15-24° with respect to the longitudinal axis of the threads. Cells penetrated the 30 mg/mL scaffolds but remained on the surface of the 60 mg/mL ones. After three weeks of culture, cells displayed strong expression of the tendon differentiation marker Tnmd, especially for the 30 mg/mL threads. These results suggest that both the morphological and mechanical characteristics of collagen threads are key factors in promoting C3H10T1/2 differentiation into tenocytes, offering promising levers to optimize tissue engineering scaffolds for tendon regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Picaut
- Institut des Nanosciences de Paris, Sorbonne-Université, UPMC Univ Paris 6 and CNRS-UMR 7588, F-75005 Paris, France.,Sorbonne-Université, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, UPMC Univ Paris 6, CNRS-UMR 7574, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Léa Trichet
- Sorbonne-Université, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, UPMC Univ Paris 6, CNRS-UMR 7574, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Christophe Hélary
- Sorbonne-Université, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, UPMC Univ Paris 6, CNRS-UMR 7574, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Ducourthial
- Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, IP Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Marie-Ange Bonnin
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Biologie Paris Seine, IBPS-UMR 7622, Developmental Biology Laboratory, Inserm U1156, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Bernard Haye
- Sorbonne-Université, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, UPMC Univ Paris 6, CNRS-UMR 7574, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Ronsin
- Institut des Nanosciences de Paris, Sorbonne-Université, UPMC Univ Paris 6 and CNRS-UMR 7588, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Marie-Claire Schanne-Klein
- Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, IP Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Delphine Duprez
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Biologie Paris Seine, IBPS-UMR 7622, Developmental Biology Laboratory, Inserm U1156, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Tristan Baumberger
- Institut des Nanosciences de Paris, Sorbonne-Université, UPMC Univ Paris 6 and CNRS-UMR 7588, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Gervaise Mosser
- Sorbonne-Université, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, UPMC Univ Paris 6, CNRS-UMR 7574, F-75005 Paris, France
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19
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Sioufi K, Zheleznyak L, MacRae S, Rocha KM. Femtosecond Lasers in Cornea & Refractive Surgery. Exp Eye Res 2021; 205:108477. [PMID: 33516763 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Since the introduction of femtosecond laser (FS) systems for corneal flap creation in laser-assisted in-situ keratomileusis there have been numerous applications for FS laser in corneal surgery. This manuscript details the utility of FS lasers in corneal surgical procedures including refractive laser surgeries, intracorneal ring segment tunnels, presbyopic treatments, and FS-assisted keratoplasty. We also review the role of FS lasers in diagnostic procedures such as two photon excitation fluorescence and second harmonic generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kareem Sioufi
- Storm Eye Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | | | - Scott MacRae
- Flaum Eye Institute and the Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Karolinne M Rocha
- Storm Eye Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
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20
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Parodi V, Jacchetti E, Bresci A, Talone B, Valensise CM, Osellame R, Cerullo G, Polli D, Raimondi MT. Characterization of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation within Miniaturized 3D Scaffolds through Advanced Microscopy Techniques. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8498. [PMID: 33187392 PMCID: PMC7696107 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional culture systems and suitable substrates topographies demonstrated to drive stem cell fate in vitro by mechanical conditioning. For example, the Nichoid 3D scaffold remodels stem cells and shapes nuclei, thus promoting stem cell expansion and stemness maintenance. However, the mechanisms involved in force transmission and in biochemical signaling at the basis of fate determination are not yet clear. Among the available investigation systems, confocal fluorescence microscopy using fluorescent dyes enables the observation of cell function and shape at the subcellular scale in vital and fixed conditions. Contrarily, nonlinear optical microscopy techniques, which exploit multi-photon processes, allow to study cell behavior in vital and unlabeled conditions. We apply confocal fluorescence microscopy, coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS), and second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy to characterize the phenotypic expression of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) towards adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation inside Nichoid scaffolds, in terms of nuclear morphology and specific phenotypic products, by comparing these techniques. We demonstrate that the Nichoid maintains a rounded nuclei during expansion and differentiation, promoting MSCs adipogenic differentiation while inhibiting chondrogenesis. We show that CARS and SHG techniques are suitable for specific estimation of the lipid and collagenous content, thus overcoming the limitations of using unspecific fluorescent probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Parodi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering «G. Natta», Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (E.J.); (A.B.); (M.T.R.)
| | - Emanuela Jacchetti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering «G. Natta», Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (E.J.); (A.B.); (M.T.R.)
| | - Arianna Bresci
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering «G. Natta», Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (E.J.); (A.B.); (M.T.R.)
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (B.T.); (C.M.V.); (R.O.); (G.C.); (D.P.)
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Benedetta Talone
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (B.T.); (C.M.V.); (R.O.); (G.C.); (D.P.)
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Carlo M. Valensise
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (B.T.); (C.M.V.); (R.O.); (G.C.); (D.P.)
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Roberto Osellame
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (B.T.); (C.M.V.); (R.O.); (G.C.); (D.P.)
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (B.T.); (C.M.V.); (R.O.); (G.C.); (D.P.)
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Dario Polli
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (B.T.); (C.M.V.); (R.O.); (G.C.); (D.P.)
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Manuela T. Raimondi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering «G. Natta», Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (E.J.); (A.B.); (M.T.R.)
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Alalfy M, Osman OM, Salama S, Lasheen Y, Soliman M, Fikry M, Ramadan M, Alaa D, Elshemy S, Abdella R. Evaluation of the Cesarean Scar Niche In Women With Secondary Infertility Undergoing ICSI Using 2D Sonohysterography Versus 3D Sonohysterography and Setting a Standard Criteria; Alalfy Simple Rules for Scar Assessment by Ultrasound To Prevent Health Problems for Women. Int J Womens Health 2020; 12:965-974. [PMID: 33177887 PMCID: PMC7650036 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s267691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many expressions were used to define the defect that is seen by ultrasound after cesarean section (CS) namely scar defect, niche, isthmocele, uterine pouch or diverticula. Objective To compare the accuracy of 2 dimensional sonohysterography (2D SHG) to 3 dimensional sonohysterography (3D SHG) in evaluating cesarean section uterine scar depth (D), base width (BW), width (W) and residual myometrial thickness (RMT) in women with secondary infertility and establishment of a standard criteria; Alalfy simple rules for scar assessment. Patients and Methods This was an observational cross-sectional comparative study that was conducted on women who presented with secondary infertility and were candidates for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and giving a history of a previous cesarean section. Assessment of uterine scar in each woman was performed using 2D transvaginal ultrasound with sonohysterography (SHG) followed by 3D transvaginal with SHG with evaluation of niche depth, width, RMT, niche BW and RMT/depth ratio. The study was conducted at Algezeera hospital, Egypt. Results The present study revealed that 3D ultrasound with SHG is superior in evaluation of the RMT and niche width prior to ICSI providing better characterization of the scar niche. Conclusion Scar niche should be assessed by a combined integrated 2D SHG and 3D SHG scan with the specific geometrical and anatomical considerations, Alalfy simple rules for scar niche assessment that involvemeasurement of niche depth, (Base width) BW, width, RMT and RMT/depth ratio in sagittal plane, RMT in coronal plane / niche width in coronal plane ratio (ratio less than 1 denotes scar weakness with more liability for dehiscence). Trial Registration Clinical Trials.gov Id NCT04076904.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Alalfy
- Reproductive Health and Family Planning Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Omneya M Osman
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Kasr Alainy, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt, Algezeera Hospital, Egypt
| | - Sameh Salama
- Reproductive Health and Family Planning Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yossra Lasheen
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Kasr Alainy, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt, Algezeera Hospital, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Soliman
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Kasr Alainy, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt, Algezeera Hospital, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Fikry
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Kasr Alainy, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt, Algezeera Hospital, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Ramadan
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Kasr Alainy, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt, Algezeera Hospital, Egypt
| | - Doaaa Alaa
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Kasr Alainy, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt, Algezeera Hospital, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa Elshemy
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Kasr Alainy, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt, Algezeera Hospital, Egypt
| | - Rana Abdella
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Kasr Alainy, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt, Algezeera Hospital, Egypt
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Fischenich KM, Wahlquist JA, Wilmoth RL, Cai L, Neu CP, Ferguson VL. Human articular cartilage is orthotropic where microstructure, micromechanics, and chemistry vary with depth and split-line orientation. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2020; 28:1362-72. [PMID: 32645403 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2020.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Quantitative, micrometer length scale assessment of human articular cartilage is essential to enable progress toward new functional tissue engineering approaches, including utilization of emerging 3D bioprinting technologies, and for improved computational modeling of the osteochondral unit. Thus the objective of this study was to characterize the structural organization, material properties, and chemical composition of human skeletally mature articular cartilage with respect to depth and defined morphological features: normal to the articulating surface, parallel to the split-line, and transverse to the split-line. METHOD Three samples from the lateral femoral condyles of 4 healthy adult donors (55-61 years old) were evaluated via histology, second harmonic generation, microindentation, and Raman spectroscopy. All metrics were evaluated as a function of depth and direction relative to the split-line. RESULTS All donors presented with intact and healthy tissue. Collagen fiber orientation varied significantly between testing directions and with increasing depth from the articular surface. Both compressive and tensile modulus increased significantly with depth and differed across the middle and deep zones and depended on orthogonal direction relative to the split-line. Similarly, matrix components varied with both depth and direction, where chondroitin sulfate steadily increased with depth while collagen prevalence was highest in the surface layer. CONCLUSIONS Microscale measurements of human articular cartilage demonstrate that properties are both depth-dependent and orthotropic and depend on the underlying tissue structure and composition. These findings improve upon existing knowledge establishing more accurate measurements, with greater degree of depth and spatial specificity, as inputs for tissue engineering and computational modeling.
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Kang YG, Jang H, Park Y, Kim BM. Development of a 3-D Physical Dynamics Monitoring System Using OCM with DVC for Quantification of Sprouting Endothelial Cells Interacting with a Collagen Matrix. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:ma13122693. [PMID: 32545667 PMCID: PMC7345655 DOI: 10.3390/ma13122693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a key role during cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation by providing adhesion sites and serving as a physical scaffold. Elucidating the interaction between the cell and ECM can reveal the underlying mechanisms of cellular behavior that are currently unclear. Analysis of the deformation of the ECM due to cell-matrix interactions requires microscopic, three-dimensional (3-D) imaging methods, such as confocal microscopy and second-harmonic generation microscopy, which are currently limited by phototoxicity and bleaching as a result of the point-scanning approach. In this study, we suggest the use of optical coherence microscopy (OCM) as a live-cell, volumetric, fast imaging tool for analyzing the deformation of fibrous ECM. We optimized such OCM parameters as the sampling rate to obtain images of the best quality that meet the requirements for robust digital volume correlation (DVC) analysis. Visualization and analysis of the mechanical interaction between collagen ECM and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) show that cellular adhesion during protrusion can be analyzed and quantified. The advantages of OCM, such as fine isotropic spatial resolution, fast time resolution, and low phototoxicity, make it the ideal optic tool for 3-D traction force microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Guk Kang
- Department of Bio-Convergence Engineering, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea;
| | - Hwanseok Jang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea;
| | - Yongdoo Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea;
- Correspondence: (Y.P.); (B.-M.K.); +82-2-2286-1460 (Y.P.); +82-2-940-2771 (B.-M.K.)
| | - Beop-Min Kim
- Department of Bio-Convergence Engineering, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea;
- Correspondence: (Y.P.); (B.-M.K.); +82-2-2286-1460 (Y.P.); +82-2-940-2771 (B.-M.K.)
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24
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Dalchand N, Cui Q, Geiger FM. Electrostatics, Hydrogen Bonding, and Molecular Structure at Polycation and Peptide:Lipid Membrane Interfaces. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:21149-21158. [PMID: 31889444 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b17431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polycation and peptide-modified surfaces represent opportunities for developing potentially novel biocidal materials in a growing effort to combat bacterial resistance to traditional bactericides. It is well-known that the positive charge of these compounds is crucial to their function in biofouling prevention and as antimicrobials; however, methods for quantifying the number of positive charges on surface-bound polycations and peptides are necessary to predict, control, and optimize the design and therefore the utility of these compounds. This Spotlight on Applications reports on such an approach that combines second harmonic generation (SHG) spectroscopy, quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D), and atomistic simulations to obtain mechanistic insight into polycation-membrane interactions using supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) as our model system. We find that at high surface coverage, the large polycations we surveyed feature a considerably smaller percentage of ionization when compared to the smaller polycations and peptides. At these high charge densities, we suspect a pKa shift of the charged groups to lower charge-charge repulsion as well as the formation of a looplike conformation such that less monomeric units form contact-ion pairs with the bilayer. Our sum frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy results complement our understanding of the polycation-membrane interaction. At a high density of the polycation poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH), second-order spectral line shapes are consistent with the expulsion of interfacial water molecules possibly due to contact-ion pair formation between PAH and the lipid bilayer. This finding could be essential for understanding the underlying first steps of cell lysis and penetration by polycations and should be explored further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Dalchand
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60660, United States
| | - Qiang Cui
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Franz M Geiger
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60660, United States
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Durgam S, Singh B, Cole SL, Brokken MT, Stewart M. Quantitative Assessment of Tendon Hierarchical Structure by Combined Second Harmonic Generation and Immunofluorescence Microscopy. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2020; 26:253-262. [PMID: 32228165 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2020.0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Histological evaluation of healing tendons is primarily focused on monitoring restoration of longitudinal collagen alignment, although the elastic property of energy-storing flexor tendons is largely attributed to interfascicular sliding facilitated by the interfascicular matrix (IFM). The objectives of this study were to explore the utility of second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging to objectively assess cross-sectional tendon fascicle architecture, to combine SHG microscopy with elastin immunofluorescence to assess the ultrastructure of collagen and elastin in longitudinal and transverse sections, and lastly, to quantify changes in IFM elastin and fascicle collagen alignment of normal and collagenase-injured flexor tendons. Paraffin-embedded transverse and longitudinal histological sections (10-μm thickness) derived from normal and collagenase-injured (6- and 16-week time-points) equine superficial digital flexor tendons were de-paraffinized, treated with Tris EDTA at 80°C for epitope retrieval, and incubated with mouse monoclonal anti-elastin antibody (1:100 dilution) overnight. Anti-mouse IgG Alexa Flour 546 secondary antibody was applied, and sections were mounted with ProLong Gold reagent with 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). Nuclei (DAPI) and elastin (Alexa Fluor 546) signals were captured by using standard confocal imaging with 405 and 543 nm excitation wavelengths, respectively. The SHG signal was captured by using a tunable Ti:Sapphire laser tuned to 950 nm to visualize type I collagen. Quantitative measurements of fascicle cross-sectional area (CSA), IFM thickness in transverse SHG-DAPI merged z-stacks, fascicle/IFM elastin area fraction (%), and elastin-collagen alignment in longitudinal SHG-elastin merged z-stacks were conducted by using ImageJ software. Using this methodology, fascicle CSA, IFM thickness, and IFM elastin area fraction (%) at 6 weeks (∼2.25-fold; ∼2.8-fold; 60% decrease; p < 0.001) and 16 weeks (∼2-fold; ∼1.5-fold; 70% decrease; p < 0.001) after collagenase injection, respectively, were found to be significantly different from normal tendon. IFM elastin and fascicle collagen alignment characterized via fast Fourier transform (FFT) frequency plots at 16 weeks demonstrated that collagen re-alignment was more advanced than that of elastin. The integration of SHG-derived quantitative measurements in transverse and longitudinal tendon sections supports comprehensive assessment of tendon structure. Our findings demonstrate the importance of including IFM and non-collagenous proteins in tendon histological evaluations, tasks that can be effectively carried out by using SHG and immunofluorescence microscopy. Impact statement This work demonstrated that second harmonic generation microscopy in conjunction with elastin immunofluorescence provided a comprehensive assessment of multiscale structural re-organization in healing tendon than when restricted to longitudinal collagen fiber alignment alone. Utilizing this approach for tendon histomorphometry is ideal not only to improve our understanding of hierarchical structural changes that occur after tendon injury and during remodeling but also to monitor the efficacy of therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushmitha Durgam
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Benjamin Singh
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Sara L Cole
- Campus Microscopy Imaging Facility, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Matthew T Brokken
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Matthew Stewart
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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Abstract
We present the concept of a nonlinear plasmonic sensing approach for rapid, sensitive, and label-free detection of mercury. Nonlinear plasmonic sensing of mercury relies on a systematic combination of nonlinear optics (NLO) with well-known concepts of amalgamation chemistry and plasmonic properties of gold nanorods. Exploiting the extreme sensitivity of the NLO process toward Hg-induced change in the local electric field of plasmonic nanorods, we succeed in improving the limit of detection (LOD) of mercury by 2-3 orders of magnitude as compared to the commonly used linear localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) based sensing. Using our method, an LOD of as low as 58 pM (11 ppt) has been achieved with high selectivity. Nonlinear plasmonic sensing aproach is found to work excellently for detecting mercury in real samples like blood plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrigank Singh Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh − 208016, India
| | - Manabendra Chandra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh − 208016, India
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Dai M, Zheng W, Zhang X, Wang S, Lin J, Li K, Hu Y, Sun E, Zhang J, Qiu Y, Fu Y, Cao W, Hu P. Enhanced Piezoelectric Effect Derived from Grain Boundary in MoS 2 Monolayers. Nano Lett 2020; 20:201-207. [PMID: 31855438 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b03642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Recent discovery of piezoelectricity that existed in two-dimensional (2D) layered materials represents a key milestone for flexible electronics and miniaturized and wearable devices. However, so far the reported piezoelectricity in these 2D layered materials is too weak to be used for any practical applications. In this work, we discovered that grain boundaries (GBs) in monolayer MoS2 can significantly enhance its piezoelectric property. The output power of piezoelectric devices made of the butterfly-shaped monolayer MoS2 was improved about 50% by the GB-induced piezoelectric effect. The enhanced piezoelectricity is attributed to the additional piezoelectric effect induced by the existence of deformable GBs which can promote polarization and generates spontaneous polarization with different piezoelectric coefficients along various directions. We further made a flexible piezoelectric device based on the 2D MoS2 with the GBs and demonstrated its potential application in self-powered precision sensors for in situ detecting pressure changes in human blood for health monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjin Dai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001 , P.R. China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Micro-Systems and Micro-Structures Manufacturing , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001 , P.R. China
| | - Wei Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001 , P.R. China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Micro-Systems and Micro-Structures Manufacturing , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001 , P.R. China
- College of Physics , Qingdao University , Qingdao 266071 , P.R. China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Institute of Nanosurface Science and Engineering & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Optomechatronics Engineering , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518060 , P.R. China
| | - Sanmei Wang
- Institute of Nanosurface Science and Engineering & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Optomechatronics Engineering , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518060 , P.R. China
| | - Junhao Lin
- Department of Physics , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , P.R. China
| | - Kai Li
- School of Instrument Science and Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150080 , P.R. China
| | - Yunxia Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001 , P.R. China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Micro-Systems and Micro-Structures Manufacturing , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001 , P.R. China
| | - Enwei Sun
- School of Instrument Science and Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150080 , P.R. China
| | - Jia Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Micro-Systems and Micro-Structures Manufacturing , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001 , P.R. China
| | - Yunfeng Qiu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Micro-Systems and Micro-Structures Manufacturing , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001 , P.R. China
| | - Yongqing Fu
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment , Northumbria University , Newcastle upon Tyne , NE1 8ST , United Kingdom
| | - Wenwu Cao
- School of Instrument Science and Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150080 , P.R. China
| | - PingAn Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001 , P.R. China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Micro-Systems and Micro-Structures Manufacturing , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001 , P.R. China
- Institute for Advanced Ceramics , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001 , P.R. China
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Pena AM, Chen X, Pence IJ, Bornschlögl T, Jeong S, Grégoire S, Luengo GS, Hallegot P, Obeidy P, Feizpour A, Chan KF, Evans CL. Imaging and quantifying drug delivery in skin - Part 2: Fluorescence andvibrational spectroscopic imaging methods. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 153:147-168. [PMID: 32217069 PMCID: PMC7483684 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the delivery and diffusion of topically-applied drugs on human skin is of paramount importance in both pharmaceutical and cosmetics research. This information is critical in early stages of drug development and allows the identification of the most promising ingredients delivered at optimal concentrations to their target skin compartments. Different skin imaging methods, invasive and non-invasive, are available to characterize and quantify the spatiotemporal distribution of a drug within ex vivo and in vivo human skin. The first part of this review detailed invasive imaging methods (autoradiography, MALDI and SIMS). This second part reviews non-invasive imaging methods that can be applied in vivo: i) fluorescence (conventional, confocal, and multiphoton) and second harmonic generation microscopies and ii) vibrational spectroscopic imaging methods (infrared, confocal Raman, and coherent Raman scattering microscopies). Finally, a flow chart for the selection of imaging methods is presented to guide human skin ex vivo and in vivo drug delivery studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Maria Pena
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, 1 avenue Eugène Schueller BP22, 93600 Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Xueqin Chen
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, 1 avenue Eugène Schueller BP22, 93600 Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Isaac J Pence
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, CNY149-3, 13(th) St, Charlestown, MA 02129, United States of America
| | - Thomas Bornschlögl
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, 1 avenue Eugène Schueller BP22, 93600 Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Sinyoung Jeong
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, CNY149-3, 13(th) St, Charlestown, MA 02129, United States of America
| | - Sébastien Grégoire
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, 1 avenue Eugène Schueller BP22, 93600 Aulnay-sous-Bois, France.
| | - Gustavo S Luengo
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, 1 avenue Eugène Schueller BP22, 93600 Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Philippe Hallegot
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, 1 avenue Eugène Schueller BP22, 93600 Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Peyman Obeidy
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, CNY149-3, 13(th) St, Charlestown, MA 02129, United States of America
| | - Amin Feizpour
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, CNY149-3, 13(th) St, Charlestown, MA 02129, United States of America
| | - Kin F Chan
- Simpson Interventions, Inc., Woodside, CA 94062, United States of America
| | - Conor L Evans
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, CNY149-3, 13(th) St, Charlestown, MA 02129, United States of America.
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Kayalvizhi C, Anand S, Durga R, Ebinezer BS, Sundararajan RS. Structural, vibrational and optical studies on semiorganic crystals of boric acid potassium acetate. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03133. [PMID: 32042942 PMCID: PMC7002783 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e03133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A semiorganic crystal of Boricacid potassium acetate has been grown by low temperature solution growth technique at room temperature using deionized water as a solvent. The crystalline nature of the compound was confirmed by the sharp and well defined peaks observed from the powder X-ray diffraction pattern. By single crystal X-ray diffraction method, the structure of the grown crystal has been studied. The Boric acid Potassium Acetate (BAPA) crystal has good optical transmittance in the entire UV visible region. FT-IR and FT-Raman spectral studies were performed to identify the vibrations of functional groups. The mechanical strength of the grown crystal was determined by Vicker's micro hardness test. Photoluminescence study was carried out on the crystal. The SHG study represents the nonlinear optical efficiency of the crystal.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kayalvizhi
- Department of Physics, Government College for Women, Kumbakonam, Tamilnadu, India
| | - S Anand
- Department of Physics, A.V.C. College, Mayiladuthurai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - R Durga
- Department of Physics, A.V.C. College, Mayiladuthurai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - B Samuel Ebinezer
- Department of Physics, Government Arts College, Kumbakonam, Tamilnadu, India
| | - R S Sundararajan
- Department of Physics, Government Arts College, Kumbakonam, Tamilnadu, India
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Imperadore P, Uckermann O, Galli R, Steiner G, Kirsch M, Fiorito G. Nerve regeneration in the cephalopod mollusc Octopus vulgaris: label-free multiphoton microscopy as a tool for investigation. J R Soc Interface 2019; 15:rsif.2017.0889. [PMID: 29643223 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2017.0889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Octopus and cephalopods are able to regenerate injured tissues. Recent advancements in the study of regeneration in cephalopods appear promising encompassing different approaches helping to decipher cellular and molecular machinery involved in the process. However, lack of specific markers to investigate degenerative/regenerative phenomena and inflammatory events occurring after damage is limiting these studies. Label-free multiphoton microscopy is applied for the first time to the transected pallial nerve of Octopus vulgaris Various optical contrast methods including coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS), endogenous two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) and second harmonic generation (SHG) have been used. We detected cells and structures often not revealed with classical staining methods. CARS highlighted the involvement of haemocytes in building up scar tissue; CARS and TPEF facilitated the identification of degenerating fibres; SHG allowed visualization of fibrillary collagen, revealing the formation of a connective tissue bridge between the nerve stumps, likely involved in axon guidance. Using label-free multiphoton microscopy, we studied the regenerative events in octopus without using any other labelling techniques. These imaging methods provided extremely helpful morpho-chemical information to describe regeneration events. The techniques applied here are species-specific independent and should facilitate the comparison among various animal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Imperadore
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Napoli, Italy .,Association for Cephalopod Research - CephRes, 80133 Napoli, Italy
| | - Ortrud Uckermann
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Roberta Galli
- Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gerald Steiner
- Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Matthias Kirsch
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,CRTD/DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden - Cluster of Excellence, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Graziano Fiorito
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Napoli, Italy
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Santos S, Emery N, Neu CP, Pierce DM. Propagation of microcracks in collagen networks of cartilage under mechanical loads. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2019; 27:1392-402. [PMID: 31121292 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2019.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We recently demonstrated that low-energy mechanical impact to articular cartilage, usually considered non-injurious, can in fact cause microscale cracks (widths <30μm) in the collagen network of visually pristine human cartilage. While research on macro-scale cracks in cartilage and microcracks in bone abounds, how microcracks within cartilage initiate and propagate remains unknown. We quantified the extent to which microcracks initiate and propagate in the collagen network during mechanical loading representative of normal activities. DESIGN We tested 76 full-thickness, cylindrical osteochondral plugs. We imaged untreated specimens (pristine phase) via second harmonic generation and assigned specimens to three low-energy impact groups (none, low, high), and thereafter to three cyclic compression groups (none, low, high) which simulate walking. We re-imaged specimens in the post-impact and post-cyclic compression phases to identify and track microcracks. RESULTS Microcracks in the network of collagen did not present in untreated controls but did initiate and propagate under mechanical treatments. We found that the length and width of microcracks increased from post-impact to post-cyclic compression in tracked microcracks, but neither depth nor angle presented statistically significant differences. CONCLUSIONS The microcracks we initiated under low-energy impact loading increased in length and width during subsequent cyclic compression that simulated walking. The extent of this propagation depended on the combination of impact and cyclic compression. More broadly, the initiation and propagation of microcracks may characterize pathogenesis of osteoarthritis, and may suggest therapeutic targets for future studies.
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Li R, Wang L, Mu X, Chen M, Sun M. Biological nascent evolution of snail bone and collagen revealed by nonlinear optical microscopy. J Biophotonics 2019; 12:e201900119. [PMID: 31074918 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201900119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Using nonlinear optical microscopy of coherent antistokes Raman scattering (CARS), second harmonic generation (SHG) and two-photo excitation fluorescence, we in situ observed how the collagen and the bone grow synergistically and competitively during nascent biological evolution. The sdsCO32- and PO32- ions were first observed to be dispersed in the liquid environment, and the collagen was observed 2 days later. With the help of the collagen, the CO32- and PO32- ions gradually moved closer to the collagen, and then the bone was produced in the forms of CaCO3 and CaPO3 . When the bone was completed with the help of the collagen, the collagen gradually disappeared. The biological evolution of snail bone and collagen can be well revealed by CARS and SHG, and in addition, the biological evolution of structure and morphology can be clearly observed day by day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Xijiao Mu
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Center for Green Innovation, Beijing Key Laboratory for Magneto-Photoelectrical Composite and Interface Science, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Maodu Chen
- School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Mengtao Sun
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Center for Green Innovation, Beijing Key Laboratory for Magneto-Photoelectrical Composite and Interface Science, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
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33
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Long H, Habeeb AA, Kinyua DM, Wang K, Wang B, Lu P. Influences of Ga Doping on Crystal Structure and Polarimetric Pattern of SHG in ZnO Nanofilms. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2019; 9:E905. [PMID: 31234399 DOI: 10.3390/nano9060905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The second-harmonic generation (SHG) in gallium doped ZnO (GZO) nanofilms was studied. The Ga doping in GZO nanofilms influenced the crystal structure of the films, which affected SHG characteristics of the nanofilms. In our experiments, a strong SHG response was obtained in GZO nanofilms, which was excited by 790 nm femtosecond laser. It was observed that the Ga doping concentrations affected, not only the intensity, but also the polarimetric pattern of SHG in GZO nanofilms. For 5.0% doped GZO films, the SHG intensity increased about 70%. The intensity ratio of SHG between the incident light polarization angle of 90° and 0°changed with the Ga doping concentrations. It showed the most significant increase for 7.3% doped GZO films, with an increased ratio of c/a crystal constants. This result was attributed to the differences of the ratios of d33/d31 (the second-order nonlinear susceptibility components) induced by the crystal distortion. The results are helpful to investigate nanofilms doping levels and crystal distortion by SHG microscopy, which is a non-destructive and sensitive method.
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34
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Gheorghe L, Greculeasa M, Broasca A, Voicu F, Stanciu G, Belikov KN, Bryleva EY, Gaiduk O. Incongruent Melting La xY ySc 4-x-y(BO 3) 4: LYSB Nonlinear Optical Crystal Grown by the Czochralski Method. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:20987-20994. [PMID: 31117446 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b04430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nonlinear optical (NLO) crystals with incongruent melting of La xY ySc z(BO3)4 ( x + y + z = 4) (LYSB)-type were grown for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, by the Czochralski method. A special thermal assembly was used and the melt composition, growth direction, and the pulling and rotation rates have been optimized. Good optical quality LYSB crystal with a diameter of about 13 mm and a length of 25 mm has been grown from the La0.765Y0.485Sc2.75(BO3)4 starting melt composition, along the c-axis direction, using a slow rotation rate of 8-10 rpm and a high pulling rate of 2 mm/h. The grown crystal has an acentric huntite-type structure (space group R32, Z = 3) with cell dimensions a = 9.8098(4) Å and c = 7.9802(3) Å, and its chemical composition was determined to be La0.78Y0.32Sc2.90(BO3)4. The optical transmission and the refractive indices were determined, and the second harmonic generation (SHG) and sum frequency generation (SFG, ω + 2ω) properties were reported. The laser damage threshold was also determined to be ∼2.0 GW/cm2 at 1064 nm (6 ns pulses). The main nonlinear properties of Czochralski-grown LYSB crystal were found to be similar to those of flux-grown LYSB, and comparable to YAl3(BO3)4 (YAB) nonlinear properties. The big advantage of Czochralski-grown LYSB crystals is that they can be grown with large size and high quality, making them promising candidates for various NLO applications, including frequency conversion of high-average power radiation sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucian Gheorghe
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics , P.O. Box MG-36, 077125 Magurele , Romania
| | - Madalin Greculeasa
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics , P.O. Box MG-36, 077125 Magurele , Romania
- Doctoral School of Physics , University of Bucharest , Kogălniceanu , Romania
| | - Alin Broasca
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics , P.O. Box MG-36, 077125 Magurele , Romania
| | - Flavius Voicu
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics , P.O. Box MG-36, 077125 Magurele , Romania
| | - George Stanciu
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics , P.O. Box MG-36, 077125 Magurele , Romania
| | - Konstantin N Belikov
- Institute for Single Crystals of NAS of Ukraine , 60 Nauky Ave. , Kharkov 61001 , Ukraine
| | - Ekaterina Yu Bryleva
- Institute for Single Crystals of NAS of Ukraine , 60 Nauky Ave. , Kharkov 61001 , Ukraine
| | - Olga Gaiduk
- Institute for Single Crystals of NAS of Ukraine , 60 Nauky Ave. , Kharkov 61001 , Ukraine
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35
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Kato N. Optical second harmonic generation microscopy: application to the sensitive detection of cell membrane damage. Biophys Rev 2019; 11:399-408. [PMID: 31073956 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-019-00546-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical second harmonic generation (SHG) is a nonlinear optical process which is sensitive to the symmetry of media. SHG microscopy allows for selective probing of a non-centrosymmetric area of sample. This type of nonlinear optical microscope was first used to observe ferroelectric domains and has been applied to various specimens including the biological samples to date. Imaging of the endogenous SHG of biological tissue has been utilized for the selective observation of filament systems in tissues such as collagen, myosin, and microtubules, which exhibit a polar structure. The cellular membrane can be selectively observed by the SHG microscope through membrane staining with amphiphilic polar dye molecules. It has been reported that, by imaging exogenous SHG of the membrane, sensitive detection of membrane damage could be realized using the SHG microscope. Because the staining dye is fluorescent, both SHG and two-photon excited fluorescence (TPF) images can be obtained simultaneously. How the SHG intensity depends on the molecular alignment of the polar dye molecules that reflects the ordering of lipid molecules in the plasma membrane and the necessity of the normalization of the SHG intensity by the TPF intensity is discussed. Furthermore, the assessment of the membrane damage induced by exposing polycation to HeLa cells has been compared with the conventional cytotoxicity and cell viability tests to demonstrate the higher sensitivity of the present SHG-based assay.
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36
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Chouët A, Chevallier S, Fleurisson R, Loisel C, Dubreil L. Label-Free Fried Starchy Matrix: Investigation by Harmonic Generation Microscopy. Sensors (Basel) 2019; 19:s19092024. [PMID: 31052170 PMCID: PMC6540293 DOI: 10.3390/s19092024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
An innovative methodology based on non-destructive observation by using harmonic generation microscopy is proposed for detection and location of starch granules and oil in a fried starchy matrix and topography analysis of food products. Specific fluorescent probes were used to label the main biochemical components of the starchy fried matrix, namely starch and oil. Fluorescence of starch and oil respectively stained with Safranin O and Nile red was observed from non-linear microscopy. By using sequential scanning and specific emission filters, it was possible to merge fluorescence and harmonic generation signals. Second harmonic generation (SHG) generated by starch granules was superposed with safranin fluorescence, whereas third harmonic generation (THG), not restricted to the superposition with Nile red fluorescent signal, was used to investigate the topography of the fried product. By these experiments, starch granule mapping and topography of the starchy fried product were obtained without any destructive preparation of the sample. This label-free approach using harmonic generation microscopy is a very promising methodology for microstructure investigation of a large panel of starchy food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agathe Chouët
- Oniris, Univ Nantes, CNRS, GEPEA, UMR 6144, F-44000 Nantes, France.
| | | | - Romain Fleurisson
- PAnTher, Oniris, INRA, Université Bretagne Loire, F-44307 Nantes, France.
| | - Catherine Loisel
- Oniris, Univ Nantes, CNRS, GEPEA, UMR 6144, F-44000 Nantes, France.
| | - Laurence Dubreil
- PAnTher, Oniris, INRA, Université Bretagne Loire, F-44307 Nantes, France.
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37
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Saini K, Discher D, Kumar N. Static and time-dependent mechanical response of organic matrix of bone. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2018; 91:315-325. [PMID: 30639980 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Bone derives its mechanical strength from the complex arrangement of collagen fibrils (type-I primarily) reinforced with hydroxy-apatite (HAp) mineral crystals in extra- and intra-fibrillar compartments. This study demonstrates a novel approach to obtain organic matrix of bone through its demineralization as well as mechanically characterize it at small length scales using static and dynamic indentation techniques. Sample surface preparation protocol used in the present work maintained the surface integrity of demineralized bone samples which resulted sample surface of roughness (RMS) magnitude of approximately 14 nm (averaged over 1 × 1 μm2 area duly verified by atomic force microscope (AFM)). Elemental composition analysis via energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) (for probed depth upto 2 μm) confirmed the complete removal of HAp mineral from bone samples during their demineralization using EDTA leaving collagen molecule assemblies unaffected as represented by Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) imaging. The modulus magnitudes of organic matrix obtained using from quasistatic as well as dynamic indentations (at constant frequency of 30 Hz) as ∼2.6 GPa and 4.5 GPa respectively, demonstrated the influence of loading rate on the estimated mechanical properties. For indentation depth to surface roughness ratio greater than ∼5:1, interestingly, measured material properties of organic matrix were found to depend on increasing magnitude of indentation depth of up to ∼500 nm value which probed from few collagen fibrils to next level of hierarchy i.e. collagen fibers. These findings are very useful to accurately determine the elastic and visco-elastic response of organic matrices of mineralized tissues for various applications including tissue engineering, bio-mimetics, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karanvir Saini
- Chemical and Bio-molecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
| | - Dennis Discher
- Chemical and Bio-molecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Navin Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab 140001, India
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38
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Baria E, Nesi G, Santi R, Maio V, Massi D, Pratesi C, Cicchi R, Pavone FS. Improved label-free diagnostics and pathological assessment of atherosclerotic plaques through nonlinear microscopy. J Biophotonics 2018; 11:e201800106. [PMID: 29931805 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201800106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Coronary heart disease is the most common type of heart disease caused by atherosclerosis. In fact, an arterial wall lesion centered on the accumulation of cholesterol-rich lipids and the accompanying inflammatory response generates a plaque, whose rupture may result in a thrombus with fatal consequences. Plaque characterization for assessing the severity of atherosclerosis is generally performed through standard histopathological examination based on hematoxylin/eosin staining, which is operator-dependent and requires relatively long procedures. In this framework, nonlinear optical microscopy is a valid, label-free alternative to standard diagnostic methods. We combined second-harmonic generation (SHG), two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy in a multimodal scheme for obtaining morphological and molecular information on human carotid ex vivo specimens affected by atherosclerosis. In this study, discrimination between different tissues within the atherosclerotic plaque was achieved based on both lifetime, TPEF-to-SHG ratio, and image pattern analysis. The presented methodology aims to be a starting point for future fully automated and fast characterization of atherosclerotic biopsies; moreover, it could be extended to the study of other tissues and pathologies. Combined TPEF/SHG mapping of a carotid specimen affected by atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Baria
- National Institute of Optics, National Research Council, Florence, Italy
| | - Gabriella Nesi
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Raffaella Santi
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Vincenza Maio
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniela Massi
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Carlo Pratesi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Riccardo Cicchi
- National Institute of Optics, National Research Council, Florence, Italy
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco S Pavone
- National Institute of Optics, National Research Council, Florence, Italy
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Department of Physics, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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39
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Smith CJ, Dinh J, Schmitt PD, Stroud PA, Hinds J, Johnson MJ, Simpson GJ. Calibration-Free Second Harmonic Generation ( SHG) Image Analysis for Quantification of Trace Crystallinity Within Final Dosage Forms of Amorphous Solid Dispersions. Appl Spectrosc 2018; 72:1594-1605. [PMID: 29896972 DOI: 10.1177/0003702818786506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A statistical model enables auto-calibration of second harmonic generation (SHG) images for quantifying trace crystallinity within amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) over a wide dynamic range of crystallinity. In this paper, we demonstrate particle-counting approaches for quantifying trace crystallinity, combined with analytical expressions correcting for particle overlap bias in higher crystallinity regimes to extend the continuous dynamic range of standard particle-counting algorithms through to the signal averaging regime. The reliability of the values recovered by these expressions was demonstrated with simulated data as well as experimental data obtained for an amorphous solid dispersion formulation containing evacetrapib, an Eli Lilly and Company compound. Since particle counting independently recovers the crystalline volume and the SHG intensity, the average SHG intensity per unit volume can be used as an internal calibrant for quantifying crystallinity at higher volume fractions, for which particle counting is no longer applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey J Smith
- 1 Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Janny Dinh
- 1 Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Paul D Schmitt
- 3 Department of Chemistry, Wabash College, Crawfordsville, IN, USA
| | | | | | | | - Garth J Simpson
- 1 Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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40
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Lukina MM, Dudenkova VV, Shimolina LE, Snopova LB, Zagaynova EV, Shirmanova MV. In vivo metabolic and SHG imaging for monitoring of tumor response to chemotherapy. Cytometry A 2018; 95:47-55. [PMID: 30329217 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Although chemotherapy remains one of the main types of treatment for cancer, treatment failure is a frequent occurrence, emphasizing the need for new approaches to the early assessment of tumor response. The aim of this study was to search for indicators based on optical imaging of cellular metabolism and of collagen in tumors in vivo that enable evaluation of their response to chemotherapy. The study was performed on a mouse colorectal cancer model with the use of cisplatin, paclitaxel, and irinotecan. The metabolic activity of the tumor cells was assessed using fluorescence lifetime imaging of the metabolic cofactor reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate), NAD(P)H. Second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging was used to analyze the extent and properties of collagen within the tumors. We detected an early decrease in the free/bound NAD(P)H ratio in all treated tumors, indicating a shift toward a more oxidative metabolism. Monitoring of collagen showed an early increase in the amount of collagen followed by an increase in the extent of its orientation in tumors treated with cisplatin and paclitaxel, and decrease in collagen content in the case of irinotecan. Our study suggests that changes in cellular metabolism and fibrotic stroma organization precede morphological alterations and tumor size reduction, and that this indicates that NAD(P)H and collagen can be considered as intrinsic indicators of the response to treatment. This is the first time that these parameters have been investigated in tumors in vivo in the course of chemotherapy with drugs having different mechanisms of action. © 2018 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Lukina
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhskiy Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.,Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Varvara V Dudenkova
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhskiy Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.,Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Lyubov' E Shimolina
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhskiy Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.,Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Ludmila B Snopova
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhskiy Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Elena V Zagaynova
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhskiy Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Marina V Shirmanova
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhskiy Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
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41
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Ojarinta R, Saarinen J, Strachan CJ, Korhonen O, Laitinen R. Preparation and characterization of multi-component tablets containing co-amorphous salts: Combining multimodal non-linear optical imaging with established analytical methods. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 132:112-126. [PMID: 30248394 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Co-amorphous mixtures have rarely been formulated as oral dosage forms, even though they have been shown to stabilize amorphous drugs in the solid state and enhance the dissolution properties of poorly soluble drugs. In the present study we formulated tablets consisting of either spray dried co-amorphous ibuprofen-arginine or indomethacin-arginine, mannitol or xylitol and polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 (PVP). Experimental design was used for the selection of tablet compositions, and the effect of tablet composition on tablet characteristics was modelled. Multimodal non-linear imaging, including coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) and sum frequency/second harmonic generation (SFG/SHG) microscopies, as well as scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy were utilized to characterize the tablets. The tablets possessed sufficient strength, but modelling produced no clear evidence about the compaction characteristics of co-amorphous salts. However, co-amorphous drug-arginine mixtures resulted in enhanced dissolution behaviour, and the PVP in the tableting mixture stabilized the supersaturation. The co-amorphous mixtures were physically stable during compaction, but the excipient selection affected the long term stability of the ibuprofen-arginine mixture. CARS and SFG/SHG proved feasible techniques in imaging the component distribution on the tablet surfaces, but possibly due to the limited imaging area, recrystallization detected with x-ray diffraction was not detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami Ojarinta
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Jukka Saarinen
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5 E, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Clare J Strachan
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5 E, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ossi Korhonen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Riikka Laitinen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
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42
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Ogura Y, Tanaka Y, Hase E, Yamashita T, Yasui T. Texture analysis of second-harmonic-generation images for quantitative analysis of reticular dermal collagen fibre in vivo in human facial cheek skin. Exp Dermatol 2018; 28:899-905. [PMID: 29658140 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Second-harmonic-generation (SHG) microscopy is a powerful tool for in vivo visualisation of collagen fibres in human skin because of its specific collagen selectivity without the need for staining, non-invasiveness and high-resolution three-dimensional imaging. Although texture analysis of SHG images is a promising method for the quantitative analysis of well-orientated collagen fibre structure in the tendon and cornea, there are few attempts to assess cutaneous ageing. In this study, we applied two texture analysis techniques, namely autocorrelation (2D-AC) analysis and two-dimensional Fourier transform (2D-FT), to evaluate the age-dependent changes in reticular dermal collagen fibres in in vivo human cheek skin. Age-dependent changes in the reticular dermal collagen fibres of female subjects in their 20s, 40s and 60s clearly appeared in these texture analyses. Furthermore, the parameter from 2D-AC analysis showed a significantly higher correlation with skin elasticity measured by a Cutometer® . These results clearly indicate that 2D-AC analysis of SHG images is highly promising for the quantitative evaluation of age-dependent change in facial collagen fibres as well as skin elasticity. An appropriate texture analysis will help to provide quantitative insight into collagen fibre structure and will be useful for the diagnosis of pathological conditions as well as cutaneous ageing in skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Ogura
- Shiseido Global Innovation Center, Yokohama, Japan.,Graduate School of Advanced Technology and Science, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yuji Tanaka
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eiji Hase
- Graduate School of Advanced Technology and Science, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | | | - Takeshi Yasui
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
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Chen H, Corboliou V, Solntsev AS, Choi DY, Vincenti MA, de Ceglia D, de Angelis C, Lu Y, Neshev DN. Enhanced second-harmonic generation from two-dimensional MoSe 2 on a silicon waveguide. Light Sci Appl 2017; 6:e17060. [PMID: 30167202 PMCID: PMC6061909 DOI: 10.1038/lsa.2017.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) with intrinsically broken crystal inversion symmetry and large second-order nonlinear responses have shown great promise for future nonlinear light sources. However, the sub-nanometer monolayer thickness of such materials limits the length of their nonlinear interaction with light. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the enhancement of the second-harmonic generation from monolayer MoSe2 by its integration onto a 220-nm-thick silicon waveguide. Such on-chip integration allows for a marked increase in the interaction length between the MoSe2 and the waveguide mode, further enabling phase matching of the nonlinear process. The demonstrated TMDC-silicon photonic hybrid integration opens the door to second-order nonlinear effects within the silicon photonic platform, including efficient frequency conversion, parametric amplification and the generation of entangled photon pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Chen
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Vincent Corboliou
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- Institut d’Optique Graduate School, Université Paris-Sud, Palaiseau 91127, France
| | - Alexander S Solntsev
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Duk-Yong Choi
- Laser Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Maria A Vincenti
- National Research Council, Charles M. Bowden Laboratory, Redstone Arsenal, Valhermoso Springs, AL 35898-5000, USA
| | - Domenico de Ceglia
- National Research Council, Charles M. Bowden Laboratory, Redstone Arsenal, Valhermoso Springs, AL 35898-5000, USA
| | - Costantino de Angelis
- Department of Information Engineering and INO CNR, University of Brescia, Via Branze 38, Brescia 25123, Italy
| | - Yuerui Lu
- Research School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Dragomir N Neshev
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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44
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Xia G, Zhi W, Zou Y, Wang L, Wang C, Peng R, Hu X. Non-linear optical imaging and quantitative analysis of the pathological changes in normal and carcinomatous human colorectal muscularis. Pathology 2017; 49:627-632. [PMID: 28830688 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Non-linear optical (NLO) imaging based on two-photon excitation (2PE) and second harmonic generation (SHG) has been widely used to image microstructures of biomedical specimens over the last two decades. We employed NLO imaging technology to investigate the histology of normal and carcinomatous human colorectal muscularis in transverse and longitudinal views. Results show there are different patterns of pathological changes of muscularis in tissue structure and cell morphology from both views. The NLO imaging provides identical histological information as the H&E images but requires neither stain nor tissue processing. Our study indicates that NLO imaging technology shows more detailed microstructure, which is a critical complementary tool in pathological diagnosis of colorectal tumours. It suggests that NLO imaging could be a very important diagnostic tool to help pathologists realise the real time early detection of human colorectal tumours in the foreseeable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Xia
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, China
| | - Weijia Zhi
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, China
| | - Yong Zou
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, China
| | - Lifeng Wang
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, China
| | - Changzhen Wang
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, China
| | - Ruiyun Peng
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, China
| | - Xiangjun Hu
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, China.
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45
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Ogata Y, Guo C. Nonlinear optics on nano/micro-hierarchical structures on metals: focus on symmetric and plasmonic effects. Nano Rev Exp 2017; 8:1339545. [PMID: 30410708 PMCID: PMC6167031 DOI: 10.1080/20022727.2017.1339545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In this review, the authors study their creation of nano/micro-hierarchical structures on Ag and Ni substrates by femtosecond laser treatment and their investigation of their optical second-harmonic generation (SHG) signal intensities by SHG spectroscopy. The authors obtained the nanostructure-covered microgroove and microcube structures. These hierarchical surface structures were found to modify significantly the optical nonlinearity of the metal surfaces. The macroscopic symmetry of the surface’s shapes influenced SHG, and the excitation of surface plasmons enhanced SHG. On the other hand, the nanostructures on the microstructures had an additional effect on the generated SHG. For the microcube structures, the additional SHG emission was suppressed by removing a large amount of nanostructures. Left SHG was discussed by the effect of the propagating delay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Ogata
- The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Chunlei Guo
- The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
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46
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Sly KL, Conboy JC. Second Harmonic Correlation Spectroscopy: Theory and Principles for Determining Surface Binding Kinetics. Appl Spectrosc 2017; 71:1368-1379. [PMID: 28534678 DOI: 10.1177/0003702816681797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel application of second harmonic correlation spectroscopy (SHCS) for the direct determination of molecular adsorption and desorption kinetics to a surface is discussed in detail. The surface-specific nature of second harmonic generation (SHG) provides an efficient means to determine the kinetic rates of adsorption and desorption of molecular species to an interface without interference from bulk diffusion, which is a significant limitation of fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS). The underlying principles of SHCS for the determination of surface binding kinetics are presented, including the role of optical coherence and optical heterodyne mixing. These properties of SHCS are extremely advantageous and lead to an increase in the signal-to-noise (S/N) of the correlation data, increasing the sensitivity of the technique. The influence of experimental parameters, including the uniformity of the TEM00 laser beam, the overall photon flux, and collection time are also discussed, and are shown to significantly affect the S/N of the correlation data. Second harmonic correlation spectroscopy is a powerful, surface-specific, and label-free alternative to other correlation spectroscopic methods for examining surface binding kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystal L Sly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Utah, USA
| | - John C Conboy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Utah, USA
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47
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Vielreicher M, Friedrich O. Assessment of Population and ECM Production Using Multiphoton Microscopy as an Indicator of Cell Viability. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1601:243-55. [PMID: 28470531 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6960-9_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Multiphoton microscopy allows continuous depth-resolved, nondestructive imaging of scaffold-seeded cells during cell or tissue culture. Spectrally separated images in high resolution can be provided while cells are conserved in their native state. Here we describe the seeding of mesenchymal stem cells to bacterial nanocellulose hydropolymer scaffolds followed by 2-channel imaging of cellular autofluorescence (AF) and collagen-I formation using second harmonic generation (SHG) signals. With this approach the simultaneous observation of the progression of cell morphology and production of extracellular matrix as hallmarks of viability and cell fitness is possible.
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48
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Pereira Gonçalves MA, Silva PSP, Silva MR, Paixão JA. l-Histidinium thiocyanurate: Experimental and theoretical studies of a new nonlinear optical material. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2017; 172:168-173. [PMID: 27116949 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2016.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A new organic compound, l-histidinium thiocyanurate thiocyanuric acid dihydrate, has been synthesized and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy and nonlinear optical measurements. The efficiency of the second-harmonic generation was evaluated with the Kurtz and Perry powder method at a fundamental wavelength of 1064nm. By using the experimental structure, the molecular first hyperpolarizability tensor was determined with Hartree-Fock and density functional theory methods. The second-order susceptibility tensor of the crystal was evaluated using the oriented gas model with the Lorenz-Lorentz and the Wortmann-Bishop local-field corrections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Manuela Ramos Silva
- CFisUC, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, P-3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José A Paixão
- CFisUC, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, P-3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
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49
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Pereira Silva PS, Pereira Gonçalves MA, Ramos Silva M, Paixão JA. Structural and nonlinear optical studies of a salt with an octupolar chromophore: Guanidinium cyclopropanecarboxylate. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2017; 172:156-162. [PMID: 27106811 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2016.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A new organic compound, guanidinium cyclopropanecarboxylate, has been synthesized and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy and nonlinear optical measurements. The infrared spectrum was calculated with density functional theory (DFT). The second-order NLO response was evaluated with the Kurtz and Perry powder method. From the molecular structure, the molecular hyperpolarizability tensor was determined with Hartree-Fock and DFT methods. The second-order susceptibility tensor of the crystal was evaluated by the summation of the effective hyperpolarizability tensors calculated for the asymmetric unit surrounded by ESP-derived charges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Manuela Ramos Silva
- CFisUC, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, P-3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José A Paixão
- CFisUC, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, P-3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
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50
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Daub M, Krummer M, Hoffmann A, Bayarjargal L, Hillebrecht H. Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Properties of Bi 3 TeBO 9 or Bi 3 (TeO 6 )(BO 3 ): A Non-Centrosymmetric Borate-Tellurate(VI) of Bismuth. Chemistry 2016; 23:1331-1337. [PMID: 27981647 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Pale-yellow single crystals of the new borate tellurate(VI) Bi3 TeBO9 were obtained by reaction of stoichiometric amounts of Bi2 O3 , B2 O3 , and Te(OH)6 at 780 °C. The non-centrosymmetric crystal structure (P63 , Z=2, a=8.7454(16), c=5.8911(11) Å, 738 refl., 43 param, R1=0.037, wR2=0.093) contains isolated trigonal-planar BO3 units and nearly undistorted TeO6 octahedra. The Bi3+ cations are located in between in octahedral voids. The BiO6 octahedra are significantly distorted to a [3+3] pattern (2.25/2.50 Å) due to the ns2 configuration. According to the structural features, the formula can be written as Bi3 (TeO6 )(BO3 ). Alternatively, the structure can also be described as hcp of oxygen with TeVI and BiIII in octahedral voids and BIII in trigonal- planar voids. The vibrational spectra show the typical features of BO3 and TeO6 units with a significant 10 B/11 B isotopic splitting of the IR-active B-O valence mode (1248 and 1282 cm-1 ). The UV/Vis spectrum shows an optical band edge with an onset around 480 nm (2.6 eV). MAS-NMR spectra of 11 B show an anisotropic signal with a quadrupole coupling constant of CQ =2.55 MHz. and a very small deviation from rotational symmetry (η=0.2). The isotropic chemical shift is 20.1 ppm. The second harmonic generation (SHG) test was positive with an activity comparable to potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP). Bi3 TeBO9 decomposes in air at 825 °C to Bi2 TeO5 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Daub
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Albertstraße 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Krummer
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Albertstraße 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anke Hoffmann
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Albertstraße 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lkhamsuren Bayarjargal
- Institut für Geowissenschaften, Abt. Kristallographie, Goethe-Universität, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Harald Hillebrecht
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Albertstraße 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum FMF, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Stefan-Meier-Straße 25, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
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