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Lages YV, Balthazar L, Krahe TE, Landeira-Fernandez J. Pharmacological and Physiological Correlates of the Bidirectional Fear Phenotype of the Carioca Rats and Other Bidirectionally Selected Lines. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:1864-1883. [PMID: 36237160 PMCID: PMC10514533 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666221012121534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Carioca rat lines originated from the selective bidirectional breeding of mates displaying extreme defense responses to contextual conditioned fear. After three generations, two distinct populations could be distinguished: the Carioca High- and Low-conditioned Freezing rats, CHF, and CLF, respectively. Later studies identified strong anxiety-like behaviors in the CHF line, while indications of impulsivity and hyperactivity were prominent in the CLF animals. The present review details the physiological and pharmacological-related findings obtained from these lines. The results discussed here point towards a dysfunctional fear circuitry in CHF rats, including alterations in key brain structures and the serotoninergic system. Moreover, data from these animals highlight important alterations in the stress-processing machinery and its associated systems, such as energy metabolism and antioxidative defense. Finally, evidence of an alteration in the dopaminergic pathway in CLF rats is also debated. Thus, accumulating data gathered over the years, place the Carioca lines as significant animal models for the study of psychiatric disorders, especially fear-related ones like anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yury V. Lages
- Department of Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Laura Balthazar
- Department of Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thomas. E. Krahe
- Department of Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - J. Landeira-Fernandez
- Department of Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Yesudhas A, Radhakrishnan RK, Sukesh A, Ravichandran S, Manickam N, Kandasamy M. BOTOX® counteracts the innate anxiety-related behaviours in correlation with increased activities of key antioxidant enzymes in the hippocampus of ageing experimental mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 569:54-60. [PMID: 34229123 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.06.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cholinergic crisis and oxidative stress in the hippocampus of the brain have been known to induce anxiety disorders upon ageing. BOTOX® is a widely used therapeutic form of botulinum neurotoxin that acts by inhibiting the release of acetylcholine (ACh) from the nerve terminals at the neuromuscular junction. BOTOX® can migrate from the muscle to the brain through retrograde axonal transport and modulate neuroplasticity. While a mild dose of BOTOX® has been used to manage various neurological deficits and psychiatric complications including depression, the efficacy and experimental evidence for its anxiolytic effects and antioxidant properties remain limited. In this study, we have investigated the effect of BOTOX® on the innate anxiety-like behaviours in ageing mice upon exposure to different behavioural paradigms like open field test, elevated plus maze and light-dark box test, and estimated the enzymatic activities of key antioxidants in the hippocampus. Results revealed that animals injected with a mild intramuscular dosage of BOTOX® showed reduced level of innate anxiety-related symptoms and increased activities of hippocampal antioxidant enzymes compared to the control group. This study strongly supports that BOTOX® could be implemented to prevent or treat anxiety and hippocampal oxidative stress resulting from ageing, emotional and mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajisha Yesudhas
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli- 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Risna Kanjirassery Radhakrishnan
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli- 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Aishwarya Sukesh
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli- 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sowbarnika Ravichandran
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli- 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nivethitha Manickam
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli- 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mahesh Kandasamy
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli- 620024, Tamil Nadu, India; Faculty Recharge Program, University Grants Commission (UGC-FRP), New Delhi-110002, India.
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Phasuk S, Varinthra P, Nitjapol A, Bandasak K, Liu IY. Peroxiredoxin 6 Knockout Mice Demonstrate Anxiety Behavior and Attenuated Contextual Fear Memory after Receiving Acute Immobilization Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1416. [PMID: 34573048 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress can elicit glucocorticoid release to promote coping mechanisms and influence learning and memory performance. Individual memory performance varies in response to stress, and the underlying mechanism is not clear yet. Peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6) is a multifunctional enzyme participating in both physiological and pathological conditions. Several studies have demonstrated the correlation between PRDX6 expression level and stress-related disorders. Our recent finding indicates that lack of the Prdx6 gene leads to enhanced fear memory. However, it is unknown whether PRDX6 is involved in changes in anxiety response and memory performance upon stress. The present study reveals that hippocampal PRDX6 level is downregulated 30 min after acute immobilization stress (AIS) and trace fear conditioning (TFC). In human retinal pigment epithelium (ARPE-19) cells, the PRDX6 expression level decreases after being treated with stress hormone corticosterone. Lack of PRDX6 caused elevated basal H2O2 levels in the hippocampus, basolateral amygdala, and medial prefrontal cortex, brain regions involved in anxiety response and fear memory formation. Additionally, this H2O2 level was still high in the medial prefrontal cortex of the knockout mice under AIS. Anxiety behavior of Prdx6-/- mice was enhanced after immobilization for 30 min. After exposure to AIS before a contextual test, Prdx6-/- mice displayed a contextual fear memory deficit. Our results showed that the memory performance of Prdx6-/- mice was impaired when responding to AIS, accompanied by dysregulated H2O2 levels. The present study helps better understand the function of PRDX6 in memory performance after acute stress.
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Kochi C, Salvi A, Atrooz F, Salim S. Simulated vehicle exhaust exposure induces sex-dependent behavioral deficits in rats. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 86:103660. [PMID: 33865999 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to vehicle exhaust emissions are known to cause several adverse health effects. In this study, we examined the impact of several parameters of behavioral, cardiovascular and biochemical functions upon exposure of pro-oxidants CO2, NO2 and CO (simulated vehicle exhaust exposure: SVEE) in male and female rats. Adult rats were subjected to SVEE or ambient air in whole body chambers (5 h/day, 2 weeks). Male, but not female, rats developed memory deficits, and exhibited anxiety- and depression-like behavior, accompanied with significantly high levels of serum corticosterone, oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers (CRP and TNFα), associated with lower levels of total antioxidant capacity, glutathione, glyoxalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. Brain region-specific downregulation of Cu/Zn SOD, Mn SOD, GSR, PKCα, ERK1/2, CaMKIV, CREB, BDNF and NMDAR subunit protein expression were also observed in male, but not female, rats. Blood pressure, heart rate and eGFR were not negatively impacted by SVEE. Our results suggest that SVEE, through its pro-oxidant content, induces oxido-inflammation in susceptible brain regions in a sex-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Kochi
- Department of Pharmacological & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ankita Salvi
- Translational Medicine Department, QPS, LLC, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Fatin Atrooz
- Department of Pharmacological & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Samina Salim
- Department of Pharmacological & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States.
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Santiago Santana JM, Vega-Torres JD, Ontiveros-Angel P, Bin Lee J, Arroyo Torres Y, Cruz Gonzalez AY, Aponte Boria E, Zabala Ortiz D, Alvarez Carmona C, Figueroa JD. Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in a rat model of co-morbid obesity and psychogenic stress. Behav Brain Res 2021; 400:112995. [PMID: 33301815 PMCID: PMC8713435 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing recognition for a reciprocal, bidirectional link between anxiety disorders and obesity. Although the mechanisms linking obesity and anxiety remain speculative, this bidirectionality suggests shared pathophysiological processes. Neuroinflammation and oxidative damage are implicated in both pathological anxiety and obesity. This study investigates the relative contribution of comorbid diet-induced obesity and stress-induced anxiety to neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. METHODS Thirty-six (36) male Lewis rats were divided into four groups based on diet type and stress exposure: 1) control diet unexposed (CDU) and 2) exposed (CDE), 3) Western-like high-saturated fat diet unexposed (WDU) and 4) exposed (WDE). Neurobehavioral tests were performed to assess anxiety-like behaviors. The catalytic concentrations of glutathione peroxidase and reductase were measured from plasma samples, and neuroinflammatory/oxidative stress biomarkers were measured from brain samples using Western blot. Correlations between behavioral phenotypes and biomarkers were assessed with Pearson's correlation procedures. RESULTS We found that WDE rats exhibited markedly increased levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein (185 %), catalase protein (215 %), and glutathione reductase (GSHR) enzymatic activity (418 %) relative to CDU rats. Interestingly, the brain protein levels of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase were positively associated with body weight and behavioral indices of anxiety. CONCLUSIONS Together, our results support a role for neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in heightened emotional reactivity to obesogenic environments and psychogenic stress. Uncovering adaptive responses to obesogenic environments characterized by high access to high-saturated fat/high-sugar diets and toxic stress has the potential to strongly impact how we treat psychiatric disorders in at-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Santiago Santana
- Neuroregeneration Division, Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Natural Sciences Department, University of Puerto Rico Carolina Campus, Puerto Rico
| | - Julio D Vega-Torres
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine and Department of Basic Sciences, Physiology Division, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Perla Ontiveros-Angel
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine and Department of Basic Sciences, Physiology Division, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Jeong Bin Lee
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine and Department of Basic Sciences, Physiology Division, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Yaria Arroyo Torres
- Neuroregeneration Division, Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Natural Sciences Department, University of Puerto Rico Carolina Campus, Puerto Rico; Universidad Metropolitana de Cupey Sciences and Technology School, Puerto Rico
| | - Alondra Y Cruz Gonzalez
- Neuroregeneration Division, Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Natural Sciences Department, University of Puerto Rico Carolina Campus, Puerto Rico
| | - Esther Aponte Boria
- Neuroregeneration Division, Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Natural Sciences Department, University of Puerto Rico Carolina Campus, Puerto Rico
| | - Deisha Zabala Ortiz
- Neuroregeneration Division, Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Natural Sciences Department, University of Puerto Rico Carolina Campus, Puerto Rico
| | - Carolina Alvarez Carmona
- Neuroregeneration Division, Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Natural Sciences Department, University of Puerto Rico Carolina Campus, Puerto Rico
| | - Johnny D Figueroa
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine and Department of Basic Sciences, Physiology Division, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, United States.
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Khan A, Akram M, Thiruvengadam M, Daniyal M, Zakki SA, Munir N, Zainab R, Heydari M, Mosavat SH, Rebezov M, Shariati MA. Anti-anxiety properties of selected medicinal plants. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 23:1041-1060. [PMID: 33480339 DOI: 10.2174/1389201022666210122125131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Exploration of new drugs targeting anxiety treatment is a major concern worldwide. Medicinal plants are being used as a potential source of novel drugs for anxiety disorders. The objective of this review is to provide information about the healing outcomes of anxiety treatment with natural products. Valeriana officinalis, Citrus aurantium, Commelina benghalensis, Achyranthes aspera, Mimosa pudica, Achillea millefolium, Nymphaea alba, Leonurus cardiac, Camellia sinensis, Turnera aphrodisiaca, Crataegus oxyacantha and Piper methysticum showed promising effects on anxiety in animal models. In clinical studies, passion flower, kava, valerian, St John's wort, and ashwagandha showed the most positive results. More studies are needed for the exploration of the anti-anxiety of medicinal plants. In drugs derived from natural sources have explored many components that are playing an essential role in curing anxiety disorders and associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmatullah Khan
- Department of Eastern Medicine, University of Poonch, Rawalakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Akram
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad. Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Daniyal
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Drug Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha. China
| | - Shahbaz Ahmad Zakki
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama 9300194. Japan
| | - Naveed Munir
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University Faisalabad. Pakistan
| | - Rida Zainab
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad. Pakistan
| | - Mojtaba Heydari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz. Iran
| | - Seyed Hamdollah Mosavat
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz. Iran
| | - Maksim Rebezov
- V.M.Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food System of Russian Academy of Science, Moscow. Russian Federation
| | - Mohammad Ali Shariati
- K.G.Razumovsky Moscow State University of technologies and management (the First Cossack University), Moscow109004. Russian Federation
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Farhadnejad H, Neshatbini Tehrani A, Salehpour A, Hekmatdoost A. Antioxidant vitamin intakes and risk of depression, anxiety and stress among female adolescents. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2020; 40:257-262. [PMID: 33183546 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The relation of some antioxidant nutrients with psychological disorders has been studied previously. The aim of this study was to examine the association between antioxidant vitamin intakes and the risk of depression, anxiety, and stress. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 263 Tehranian female adolescents. Dietary intakes of vitamin E, C, and β-Carotene were determined using a valid and reliable food-frequency questionnaire. Depression, anxiety, and stress scores were characterized by DASS-21 (Depression Anxiety Stress Score-21 items) questionnaire. The multivariable logistic regression models were used to determine the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) of depression, anxiety, and stress across tertiles of antioxidant vitamin intakes. RESULTS The mean ± SD age of participants was 16.20 ± 0.97 years. Also, the mean ± SD depression, anxiety and stress scores of participants were 9.89 ± 4.15, 8.43 ± 4.39 and 14.00 ± 6.45, respectively. In the fully adjusted model, subjects in the highest tertile of β-Carotene had a lower prevalence of depression (OR:0.46, 95%CI:0.23-0.95), anxiety (OR:0.40, 95%CI:0.20-0.81), and stress (OR:0.35, 95%CI:0.17-0.73) compared to the lowest tertile (P for trend<0.05). Moreover, individuals in the top tertile of vitamin E had a lower prevalence of stress, in comparison to the bottom tertile (OR:0.34, 95% CI:0.13-0.89), (P for trend<0.05). However, no significant associations were found between the intakes of vitamin E and C and other psychological disorders. CONCLUSION In this study, higher intake of β-Carotene was associated with lower prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress. Also, we found an inverse relationship between vitamin E intake and the risk of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Farhadnejad
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Asal Neshatbini Tehrani
- Department of Nutrition, School of Paramedicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute (WHO Collaborating Center), Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Amin Salehpour
- Occupational Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azita Hekmatdoost
- National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute (WHO Collaborating Center), Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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dos Santos B, Schmitz AE, de Almeida GRL, de Souza LF, Szczepanik JC, Nunes EA, Brunetta HS, Mack JM, Prediger RD, Cunha MP, Dafre AL. Fructose Intake Impairs Cortical Antioxidant Defenses Allied to Hyperlocomotion in Middle-Aged C57BL/6 Female Mice. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:2868-2883. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03135-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Wang Y, Song X, Geng Y. Effects of IC 50 dose of retinol on metabolomics of RAW264.7 cells. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13327. [PMID: 32539219 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin A is one of the most multifunctional vitamins in normal human physiology and is involved in several basic physiological processes from embryonic development to adulthood, such as embryogenesis, vision, immunity, cell differentiation, and proliferation. In this study, we conducted 1 H- NMR to evaluate the metabolomic changes in RAW264.7 cells after treatment with retinol at an IC50 dose to identify its effects on the differential metabolites and main metabolic pathways. Our results showed that the IC50 dose (140 μM) of retinol affected the metabolism of RAW264.7 cells, with a total of 22 differential metabolites identified via 1 H-NMR, including amino acids, sugars, organic acids, glutathione, glycerin, and creatine. Additionally, multiple metabolic pathways were affected by retinol treatment, including downregulation of amino acid biosynthesis, protein synthesis, and pyruvate metabolism. We speculate that the cytotoxicity of retinol at the IC50 dose is attributed to mitochondrial dysfunction as a result of oxidative stress or lipid peroxidation. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: With the general improvement of people's living standards, people use dietary supplements to improve the level of retinol to prevent non-specific diseases. But there are more and more cases of acute or chronic poisoning caused by excessive intake of vitamin A. Therefore, it is necessary to study the toxicity of vitamin A, and more attention should be paid to the excessive intake of vitamin A. From the perspective of metabolomics, this experiment studies the adverse effects of high dose retinol through the changes of metabolites and metabolic pathways at the cellular level. This study will assist further analyses of the toxic mechanism of excessive retinol as fortified foods and nutrient supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety of SDNU, Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant Biology, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao Song
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety of SDNU, Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant Biology, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Yue Geng
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety of SDNU, Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant Biology, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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Lamoureux-Tremblay V, Muckle G, Maheu F, Jacobson SW, Jacobson JL, Ayotte P, Bélanger RE, Saint-Amour D. Risk factors associated with developing anxiety in Inuit adolescents from Nunavik. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2020; 81:106903. [PMID: 32512128 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2020.106903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the relation between anxiety among the at-risk population of Inuit adolescents and diverse developmental risk factors including exposure to environmental chemicals, a subject of concern in Nunavik. Anxiety was assessed in 89 Inuit participants (mean age = 18.4 years; range = 16.2-21.9) with the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Potential risk factors for anxiety were documented at birth, 11 years of age and 18 years of age, including blood levels of chemicals (mercury, lead, PCBs) and nutrients, as well as age, sex, estimated IQ, drug and alcohol use, bullying, exposure to domestic violence, food insecurity, crowding and socio-economic status. Results showed that participants scored high on both measures of anxiety, particularly the SCARED, for which the mean score was above the clinical threshold. Multiple regression results show that significant risk predictors obtained from the SCARED scores were female sex (β = 0.32), higher current blood mercury concentration (β = 0.26), food insecurity (β = 0.26) and bullying experiences in the last year (β = 0.21). The significant predictors for the STAI trait anxiety were food insecurity (β = 0.25) and lower estimated IQ (β = -0.31), whereas food insecurity (β = 0.21), lower blood levels of vitamin E (β = -0.25) and higher cord blood mercury concentrations (β = 0.25) were found for STAI situational anxiety. Further regression analyses suggested that the adolescent-related variables were the most important risk factors. Our findings show that Inuit adolescents are at risk for anxiety via multiple contributing factors, particularly current exposure to mercury, food insecurity and female sex.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gina Muckle
- École de Psychologie, Université Laval, 2325, rue des Bibliothèques, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Françoise Maheu
- Université de Montréal, 90 Avenue Vincent-D'Indy, Outremont, Montréal, Québec H2V 2S9, Canada
| | - Sandra W Jacobson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 3901 Chrysler Drive, Detroit 48201, United States
| | - Joseph L Jacobson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 3901 Chrysler Drive, Detroit 48201, United States
| | - Pierre Ayotte
- Département de Médecine Sociale et Préventive, Faculté de Médecine, 1050, Avenue de la Médecine, Pavillon Ferdinand-Vandry, Université Laval, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Richard E Bélanger
- Département de Pédiatrie, Université Laval, Centre mère-enfant Soleil du CHU de Québec, 2705, Boulevard Laurier, Québec, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Dave Saint-Amour
- Université du Québec à Montréal, 320 Sainte-Catherine Est, Pavillon J.A. De Sève, Montréal, Québec H2X 1L7, Canada..
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Qin XY, Fang H, Shan QH, Qi CC, Zhou JN. All-trans Retinoic Acid-induced Abnormal Hippocampal Expression of Synaptic Genes SynDIG1 and DLG2 is Correlated with Anxiety or Depression-Like Behavior in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082677. [PMID: 32290523 PMCID: PMC7215843 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical reports suggest a potential link between excess retinoids and development of depression. Although it has been shown that all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) administration induces behavioral changes, further insight into how ATRA is involved is lacking. The hippocampus seems to be a major target of retinoids, and abnormal synaptic plasticity of the hippocampus is involved in depression. We examined two genes associated with synaptic function, discs large homolog 2 (DLG2), and synapse differentiation-inducing gene protein 1 (SynDIG1) in terms of hippocampal expression and correlation with behavior. Three different doses of ATRA were injected into young mice and 10 mg/kg ATRA was found to induce depression-like behavior. In the hippocampus, DLG2 mRNA was significantly decreased by ATRA. mRNA levels were positively correlated with central area duration and distance in the open-field test. Increased SynDIG1 mRNA levels were observed. There was a negative correlation between SynDIG1 mRNA levels and mobility time in the forced swimming test. Retinoic acid receptor γ mRNA was significantly positively correlated with DLG2 and negatively correlated with SynDIG1. To summarize, ATRA administration induced anxiety- and depression-like behavior accompanied by a decreased expression of DLG2 and an increased expression of SynDIG1. Moreover, DLG2 was correlated with anxiety-like behavior and SynDIG1 was correlated with depression-like behavior. These results might constitute a novel target underlying ATRA-induced anxiety- and depression-like behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Ya Qin
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China; (X.-Y.Q.); (H.F.); (Q.-H.S.)
| | - Hui Fang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China; (X.-Y.Q.); (H.F.); (Q.-H.S.)
| | - Qing-Hong Shan
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China; (X.-Y.Q.); (H.F.); (Q.-H.S.)
| | - Cong-Cong Qi
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China;
| | - Jiang-Ning Zhou
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China; (X.-Y.Q.); (H.F.); (Q.-H.S.)
- Correspondence:
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12
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da Silva CS, Calió ML, Mosini AC, Pires JM, Rêgo DDSB, Mello LE, Leslie ATFS. LPS-Induced Systemic Neonatal Inflammation: Blockage of P2X7R by BBG Decreases Mortality on Rat Pups and Oxidative Stress in Hippocampus of Adult Rats. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 13:240. [PMID: 31798427 PMCID: PMC6878118 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure-induced brain inflammation has been associated to neuronal injury and facilitates the development of models of neurological disorders in adult rats. The P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) plays a fundamental role in the onset and maintenance of the inflammatory cascade. Brilliant blue G (BBG), a P2X7R antagonist, has been shown to effectively promote neuroinflammatory protection. Here, we have investigated the long-term effects of the neonatal systemic inflammation on hippocampal oxidative stress, anxiety behavior and pain sensitivity in adulthood. We hypothesized that P2X7R blockade is able to modulate the effects of inflammation on these variables. Male and female rat pups received LPS and/or BBG solution intraperitoneally on the 1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th postnatal days. The survival rate and body weight were evaluated during the experimental procedures. The animals were submitted to behavioral tests for anxiety (elevated plus maze, EPM) and nociception (hot-plate and tail-flick) and the oxidative stress was measured by superoxide production in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus using dihydroethidium (DHE) probe. BBG increased the survival rate in LPS-treated rats. No significant differences were found regarding anxiety behavior and pain sensitivity between the experimental groups. Systemic neonatal inflammation leads to a higher production of superoxide anion in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus in adulthood and BBG inhibited that effect. Our data suggest that blocking the activation of the P2X7R during neonatal systemic inflammation may have a potential neuroprotective effect in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michele Longoni Calió
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda Cristina Mosini
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jaime Moreira Pires
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz E Mello
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil.,D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Bhagat K, Singh A, Dhiman S, Vir Singh J, Kaur R, Kaur G, Kaur Gulati H, Singh P, Kumar R, Salwan R, Bhagat K, Singh H, Sharma S, Singh Bedi PM. Microwave-assisted synthesis of 11-substituted-3,3-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,10,11-hexahydrodibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepin-1-one derivatives catalysed by silica supported fluoroboric acid as potent antioxidant and anxiolytic agents. Med Chem Res 2019; 28:2200-17. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-019-02447-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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14
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Mirza R, Sharma B. A selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ agonist benefited propionic acid induced autism-like behavioral phenotypes in rats by attenuation of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 311:108758. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.108758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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15
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Correia LL, Rocha HAL, Campos JS, Silva ACE, Silveira DMID, Machado MMT, Leite AJM, Cunha AJLAD. Interaction between vitamin A supplementation and chronic malnutrition on child development. Ciênc saúde coletiva 2019; 24:3037-3046. [DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232018248.22242017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract 200 million pre-school age children are not developing properly. Delays in child development are associated with multiple factors. This study aims to analyze if vitamin A supplementation is associated with improved development and how this effect could be mediated by nutritional status. Population-based study surveyed a representative sample of 8000 households, 1232 children 0-35 months, in the state of Ceará, Brazil. The variables analysed included child developmental status, nutritional determinants and confounding factors. The main effects and interactions were evaluated using Cox regressive models. Vitamin A supplementation showed protective effect to delay in cognitive and motor development modified by interaction with nutritional status. While well-nourished supplemented children presented a 67% lower risk of cognitive delay (adjusted PRR = 0·33 [0·21–0·53]), stunted children had no benefit from supplementation (adjusted PRR = 0·97 [0·39–2·40]). Vitamin A supplementation has a protective effect on child development, but not in stunted children. This suggests that supplementation is effective in promoting child development, especially if associated to a joint effort to improve the nutritional status of children, given the importance of this mediator.
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Alzoubi KH, Al Hilo AS, Al-Balas QA, El-Salem K, El-Elimat T, Alali FQ. Withania somnifera root powder protects againist post-traumatic stress disorder-induced memory impairment. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:4709-4715. [PMID: 31218539 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04915-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is precipitated by exposure to severe traumatic events such as wars, natural disasters, catastrophes, or other traumatic events. Withania somnifera (WS) Dunal (family: Solanaceae) known traditionally as "Ashwaghanda" is used widely in ayurvedic medicine, and known to have positive role in neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, WS effect on impairment of memory due to PTSD was studied in animal models. Single-prolonged stress rat model, which consisted of restrain for 2 h, forced swimming for 20 min, rest for 15 min, and diethyl ether exposure for 1-2 min, was used to induce PTSD animals. The WS root powder extract was administered orally at a dose of 500 mg/kg/day. The radial arm water maze (RAWM) was used to assess spatial learning and memory. Enzymatic assays were used to evaluate changes in oxidative stress biomarkers in the hippocampus following treatments. The result showed that PTSD resulted in short- and long- term memory impairments. Administration of WS prevented this impairment of memory induced by PTSD. Furthermore, WS prevented PTSD induced changes in oxidative stress biomarker in the hippocampus. For quality assessment, the methanolic extract for WS was subjected to UHPLC analysis. A calibration curve for isowithanone as a marker compound was constructed. WS roots content of isowithanone was found to be 0.23% (w/w). In conclusion, WS administration prevented PTSD induced memory impairment probably through preserving changes in antioxidant mechanisms in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karem H Alzoubi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan.
| | - Arwa S Al Hilo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Qosay A Al-Balas
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Khalid El-Salem
- Department of Neurosciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Tamam El-Elimat
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Feras Q Alali
- College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar
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Mirza R, Sharma B. Beneficial effects of pioglitazone, a selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ agonist in prenatal valproic acid-induced behavioral and biochemical autistic like features in Wistar rats. Int J Dev Neurosci 2019; 76:6-16. [PMID: 31128204 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder in children. It is diagnosis by two main behavioral phenotypes i.e. social-communication impairments and repetitive behavior. ASD is complex disorder with unsolved etiology due to multiple genes involvement, epigenetic mechanism and environmental factors. Valproic acid (VPA), a teratogen is known to induce characteristic features related to ASD in rodents. Numerous studies suggest the potential therapeutic effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ) in different brain disorders. This research evaluates the utility of selective agonist of PPAR-γ, pioglitazone in prenatal VPA induced experimental ASD symptomatology in Wistar rats. The prenatal administration of VPA has induced social impairment, repetitive behavior, hyperlocomotion, anxiety and low exploratory activity in rats. Also, prenatal VPA-treated rats have shown higher levels of oxidative stress (increased in thiobarbituric acid reactive species, and decreased in reduced glutathione level) and inflammation (increased in interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and decreased in interleukin-10) in the cerebellum, brainstem and prefrontal cortex. Treatment with pioglitazone significantly attenuated the prenatal VPA-induced social impairment, repetitive behavior, hyperactivity, anxiety and low exploratory activity. Furthermore, pioglitazone also reduced the prenatal VPA-induced oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in aforementioned brain regions. Hence, it may be concluded that pioglitazone may provide neurobehavioral and biochemical benefits in prenatal VPA-induced autistic phenotypes in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roohi Mirza
- Department of Pharmacology, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bhupesh Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, India.,CNS Pharmacology, Conscience Research, Delhi, India
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Lee S, Lee W, Kim D, Kim E, Myung W, Kim SY, Kim H. Short-term PM 2.5 exposure and emergency hospital admissions for mental disease. Environ Res 2019; 171:313-320. [PMID: 30711732 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies regarding the relationship between short-term exposure to particulate matter with a median aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 µm (PM2.5) and mental disease are limited. This study examined the effects of short-term exposure to PM2.5 on emergency admissions to the hospital for mental disease in Seoul, Korea. Data regarding 80,634 emergency admissions for mental diseases were collected from a nationally centralized healthcare claims database in Seoul during 2003-2013. Generalized linear models with climate variables were used to examine associations between short-term PM2.5 exposure and mental disease admissions. To comprehensively assess PM2.5 effects, we used single- and two-pollutant models, which considered other pollutants in combination with PM2.5. The relative risk (RR) of emergency admissions for mental disease was 1.008 (95% confidence interval, 1.001-1.015) for each 10 μg/m3 increase in 2-day average PM2.5 concentration. This effect persisted or became slightly stronger in the two-pollutant models that included carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, or sulfur dioxide (RR, 1.01-1.021), but association appeared to be limited to individuals < 65 years of age. Significant association was estimated only during the warm season (RR, 1.021-1.023) in the two-pollutant models. The exposure-response curve was steeper at lower concentrations, suggesting that the risk of mental disease at lower concentrations of pm2.5 (0-30 µg/m3). PM2.5 was associated with increased admissions even when it was below the World Health Organization's Air Quality Guidelines (25 μg/m3), but the association was not statistically significant. Thus, based on the data from a large database, exposure to PM2.5 was associated with increases in emergency admissions for mental diseases, and this association was significant during the warm season. PM2.5 may even affect mental disease at levels below the current air quality guidelines. These results provide substantial insight regarding the effects of air pollutants and have important implications for policy makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suji Lee
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of korea.
| | - Whanhee Lee
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahye Kim
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ejin Kim
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Woojae Myung
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sun-Young Kim
- Department of Cancer Control and Population Health, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang Gyeonggi-do 10408, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ho Kim
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of korea; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Espitia-pérez P, Albino SM, Espitia-pérez L, Brango H, da Rosa H, Kleber Silveira A, Moraes DP, Cerveira C, Mingori M, Tiefensee Ribeiro C, Gelain DP, Schnorr CE, Fonseca Moreira JC. Neurobehavioral and oxidative stress alterations following methylmercury and retinyl palmitate co-administration in pregnant and lactating rats and their offspring. Neurotoxicology 2018; 69:164-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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20
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Finnell JE, Wood SK. Putative Inflammatory Sensitive Mechanisms Underlying Risk or Resilience to Social Stress. Front Behav Neurosci 2018; 12:240. [PMID: 30416436 PMCID: PMC6212591 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been well recognized that exposure to stress can lead to the onset of psychosocial disorders such as depression. While there are a number of antidepressant therapies currently available and despite producing immediate neurochemical alterations, they require weeks of continuous use in order to exhibit antidepressant efficacy. Moreover, up to 30% of patients do not respond to typical antidepressants, suggesting that our understanding of the pathophysiology underlying stress-induced depression is still limited. In recent years inflammation has become a major focus in the study of depression as several clinical and preclinical studies have demonstrated that peripheral and central inflammatory mediators, including interleukin (IL)-1β, are elevated in depressed patients. Moreover, it has been suggested that inflammation and particularly neuroinflammation may be a direct and immediate link in the emergence of stress-induced depression due to the broad neural and glial effects that are elicited by proinflammatory cytokines. Importantly, individual differences in inflammatory reactivity may further explain why certain individuals exhibit differing susceptibility to the consequences of stress. In this review article, we discuss sources of individual differences such as age, sex and coping mechanisms that are likely sources of distinct changes in stress-induced neuroimmune factors and highlight putative sources of exaggerated neuroinflammation in susceptible individuals. Furthermore, we review the current literature of specific neural and glial mechanisms that are regulated by stress and inflammation including mitochondrial function, oxidative stress and mechanisms of glutamate excitotoxicity. Taken together, the impetus for this review is to move towards a better understanding of mechanisms regulated by inflammatory cytokines and chemokines that are capable of contributing to the emergence of depressive-like behaviors in susceptible individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie E Finnell
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Susan K Wood
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States.,WJB Dorn Veterans Administration Medical Center, Columbia, SC, United States
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Mirza R, Sharma B. Selective modulator of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α protects propionic acid induced autism-like phenotypes in rats. Life Sci 2018; 214:106-117. [PMID: 30366038 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The present study investigated the neuropharmacological role of PPAR-α modulator, fenofibrate in postnatal-propionic acid induced symptomatology related with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in Wistar rats. MAIN METHODS The propionic acid (250 mg/kg, p.o.) was administered to rats from postnatal 21st day to 23rd day to induce autism-related neurobehavioral and neurobiochemical alterations in rats. Then, rats were treated with fenofibrate (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg, orally) from postnatal 24th day till 48th day. The social behavior (three chambers social testing apparatus), repetitive behavior (Y-maze), locomotor activity (actophotometer), anxiety (elevated plus maze) and exploratory behavior (hole board test) were assessed. Biochemically, oxidative stress (thiobarbituric acid reactive species and reduced glutathione level) and neuroinflammation (interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-10) were evaluated in the cerebellum, brainstem and prefrontal cortex of rats. KEY FINDINGS Propionic acid-treated rats showed social impairment, repetitive behavior, hyperlocomotion, anxiety and low exploratory activity. Also, these animals showed higher levels of oxidative stress (increased in thiobarbituric acid reactive species and decreased in reduced glutathione level) as well as inflammation (increased in interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α and decreased in interleukin-10) and inflammation in aforementioned brain-regions. Treatment with fenofibrate significantly attenuated the propionic acid induced-social impairment, repetitive behavior, hyperactivity, anxiety and low exploratory activity. Furthermore, fenofibrate also reduced the oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in propionic acid-treated rats. SIGNIFICANCE A selective PPAR-α agonist, fenofibrate provides neurobehavioral and neurobiochemical benefits in postnatal-propionic acid induced autism-related phenotype in rats. Thus, fenofibrate may further be studied for its possible benefits in ASD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roohi Mirza
- Department of Pharmacology, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bhupesh Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, India; CNS Pharmacology, Conscience Research, Delhi, India.
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Santos P, Herrmann AP, Elisabetsky E, Piato A. Anxiolytic properties of compounds that counteract oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and glutamatergic dysfunction: a review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 41:168-178. [PMID: 30328963 PMCID: PMC6781690 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2018-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Anxiety disorders are highly prevalent and the efficacy of the available anxiolytic drugs is less than desired. Adverse effects also compromise patient quality of life and adherence to treatment. Accumulating evidence shows that the pathophysiology of anxiety and related disorders is multifactorial, involving oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and glutamatergic dysfunction. The aim of this review was to evaluate data from animal studies and clinical trials showing the anxiolytic effects of agents whose mechanisms of action target these multiple domains. Methods: The PubMed database was searched for multitarget agents that had been evaluated in animal models of anxiety, as well as randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trials of anxiety and/or anxiety related disorders. Results: The main multitarget agents that have shown consistent anxiolytic effects in various animal models of anxiety, as well in clinical trials, are agomelatine, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), and omega-3 fatty acids. Data from clinical trials are preliminary at best, but reveal good safety profiles and tolerance to adverse effects. Conclusion: Agomelatine, NAC and omega-3 fatty acids show beneficial effects in clinical conditions where mainstream treatments are ineffective. These three multitarget agents are considered promising candidates for innovative, effective, and better-tolerated anxiolytics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana P Herrmann
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Elaine Elisabetsky
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Angelo Piato
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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de Lima ME, Ceolin Colpo AZ, Maya-lópez M, Rangel-lópez E, Becerril-chávez H, Galván-arzate S, Villeda-hernández J, Sánchez-chapul L, Túnez I, Folmer V, Santamaría A. Comparing the Effects of Chlorogenic Acid and Ilex paraguariensis Extracts on Different Markers of Brain Alterations in Rats Subjected to Chronic Restraint Stress. Neurotox Res 2019; 35:373-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-018-9963-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Min JY, Kim HJ, Min KB. Long-term exposure to air pollution and the risk of suicide death: A population-based cohort study. Sci Total Environ 2018; 628-629:573-579. [PMID: 29454198 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Suicide is a major public health problem. Previous studies have reported a significant association between acute exposure to air pollution and suicide; little attention has been paid to the long-term effects of air pollution on risk of suicide. We investigated whether long-term exposure to particulate matter of ≤10μm in diameter (PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and sulfur dioxide (SO2) would be associated with a greater risk of death by suicide. The study sample comprised 265,749 adults enrolled in the National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort (2002-2013) in South Korea. Suicide death was defined as per ICD-10 code. Data on air pollution exposure used nationwide monitoring data, and individual exposure levels were assigned using geographic information systems. Air pollution exposure was categorized as the interquartile range (IQR) and quartiles. Hazards ratios (HRs) were calculated for the occurrence of suicide death after adjusting for potential covariates. During the study period, 564 (0.2%) subjects died from suicide. Increases in IQR pollutants (7.5μg/m3 for PM10, 11.8ppb for NO2, and 0.8ppb for SO2) significantly increased HR for suicide death [PM10: HR=3.09 (95% CI: 2.63-3.63); NO2: HR=1.33 (95% CI: 1.09-1.64); and SO2: HR=1.15 (95% CI: 1.07-1.24)]. Compared with the lowest level of air pollutants (Quartile 1), the risk of suicide significantly increased in the highest quartile level (Quartile 4) for PM10 (HR=4.03; 95% CI: 2.97-5.47) and SO2 (HR=1.65; 95% CI: 1.29-2.11) and in the third quartile for NO2 (HR=1.52; 95% CI: 1.17-1.96). HRs for subjects with a physical or mental disorder were higher than that those for subjects without the disorder. Subjects living in metropolitan areas were more vulnerable to long-term PM10 exposure than those living in non-metropolitan areas. Long-term exposure to air pollution was associated with a significantly increased risk of suicide death. People having underlying diseases or living in metropolitan areas may be more susceptible to high air pollution exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Young Min
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Bok Min
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
Anxiety disorders are the most common mental illness in the USA affecting 18% of the population. The cause(s) of anxiety disorders is/are not completely clear, and research in the neurobiology of anxiety at the molecular level is still rather limited. Although mounting clinical and preclinical evidence now indicates that oxidative stress may be a major component of anxiety pathology, whether oxidative stress is the cause or consequence remains elusive. Studies conducted over the past few years suggest that anxiety disorders may be characterised by lowered antioxidant defences and increased oxidative damage to proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. In particular, oxidative modifications to proteins have actually been proposed as a potential factor in the onset and progression of several psychiatric disorders, including anxiety and depressive disorders. Oxidised proteins are normally degraded by the proteasome proteolytic complex in the cell cytoplasm, nucleus, and endoplasmic reticulum. The Lon protease performs a similar protective function inside mitochondria. Impairment of the proteasome and/or the Lon protease results in the accumulation of toxic oxidised proteins in the brain, which can cause severe neuronal trauma. Recent evidence points to possible proteolytic dysfunction and accumulation of damaged, oxidised proteins as factors that may determine the appearance and severity of psychotic symptoms in mood disorders. Thus, critical interactions between oxidative stress, proteasome, and the Lon protease may provide keys to the molecular mechanisms involved in emotional regulation, and may also be of great help in designing and screening novel anxiolytics and antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra das Graças Fedoce
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, The University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA
| | - Frederico Ferreira
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Laboratory on Thymus Research, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Robert G. Bota
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA 92868
| | - Vicent Bonet-Costa
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, The University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA
| | - Patrick Y. Sun
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, The University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA
| | - Kelvin J. A. Davies
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, The University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA
- Division of Molecular & Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, & Sciences, The University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA
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Gargouri B, Bhatia HS, Bouchard M, Fiebich BL, Fetoui H. Inflammatory and oxidative mechanisms potentiate bifenthrin-induced neurological alterations and anxiety-like behavior in adult rats. Toxicol Lett 2018; 294:73-86. [PMID: 29775722 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Bifenthrin (BF) is a synthetic pyrethroid pesticide widely used in several countries to manage insect pests on diverse agricultural crops. Growing evidence indicates that BF exposure is associated with an increased risk of developing neurodegenerative disorders. However, the mechanisms by which BF induces neurological and anxiety alterations in the frontal cortex and striatum are not well known. The present in vivo study was carried out to determine whether reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated oxidative stress (OS) and neuroinflammation are involved in such alterations. Thirty-six Wistar rats were thus randomly divided into three groups and were orally administered with BF (0.6 and 2.1 mg/kg body weight, respectively) or the vehicle (corn oil), on a daily basis for 60 days. Results revealed that BF exposure in rats enhanced anxiety-like behavior after 60 days of treatment, as assessed with the elevated plus-maze test by decreases in the percentage of time spent in open arms and frequency of entries into these arms. BF-treated rats also exhibited increased oxidation of lipids and carbonylated proteins in the frontal cortex and striatum, and decreased glutathione levels and antioxidant enzyme activities including superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase. Treatment with BF also increased protein synthesis and mRNA expression of the inflammatory mediators cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), microsomal prostaglandin synthase-1 (mPGES-1) and nuclear factor-kappaBp65 (NF-kBp65), as well as the production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and ROS. Moreover, BF exposure significantly decreased protein synthesis and mRNA expression of nuclear factor erythroid-2 (Nrf2) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), as well as gene expression of muscarinic-cholinergic receptors (mAchR) and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in the frontal cortex and striatum. These data suggest that BF induced neurological alterations in the frontal cortex and striatum of rats, and that this may be associated with neuroinflammation and oxidative stress via the activation of Nrf2/NF-kBp65 pathways, which might promote anxiety-like behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brahim Gargouri
- Neurochemistry and Neuroimmunology Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; Laboratory of Toxicology-Microbiology and Environmental Health, UR11ES70, Sciences Faculty of Sfax, University of Sfax, BP1171, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Harsharan S Bhatia
- Neurochemistry and Neuroimmunology Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany.
| | - Michèle Bouchard
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Chair in Toxicological Risk Assessment and Management, University of Montreal, Roger-Gaudry Building, U424, P.O. Box 6128, Main Station, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - Bernd L Fiebich
- Neurochemistry and Neuroimmunology Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Hamadi Fetoui
- Laboratory of Toxicology-Microbiology and Environmental Health, UR11ES70, Sciences Faculty of Sfax, University of Sfax, BP1171, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mridushree Basak
- Taxonomy of Angiosperms and Biosystematics Laboratory, Department of Botany; University of North Bengal; Siliguri West Bengal, 734 013 India
| | - Somit Dutta
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology; University of North Bengal; Siliguri West Bengal, 734 013 India
| | - Monoranjan Chowdhury
- Taxonomy of Angiosperms and Biosystematics Laboratory, Department of Botany; University of North Bengal; Siliguri West Bengal, 734 013 India
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Machado KDC, Oliveira GLDS, Islam MT, de Almeida AAC, Junior ALG, Machado KDC, de Sousa DP, Melo-Cavalcante AADC, de Freitas RM. Effects of isopentyl ferulate on oxidative stress biomarkers and a possible GABAergic anxiolytic-like trait in Swiss mice. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 289:119-128. [PMID: 29572072 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the anxiolytic-like effect and the possible neuronal mechanism of action of isopentyl ferulate (IF). For this purpose, we used the marble burying test in Swiss albino mice. The biomarkers involved in oxidative stress were measured in the hippocampus homogenate of the test animals. In addition, the toxicity and antioxidant capacities were tested in Artemia salina and rat erythrocytes, respectively. The results suggest that, an acute administration of the IF at doses of 25, 50, 75 and 150 mg/kg (intraperitoneal, i.p.) significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the marble burying behavior of the animals as compared to the vehicle group, which demonstrates a calming effect of this chemical. It was observed that, the pre-treatment with flumazenil (2.5 mg/kg, i.p.), an antagonist of the gamma-amino butyrinc acid (GABAA) receptor, significantly reversed the marble burying behavioral activity in the animals treated with the IF 150 mg/kg dose. Moreover, the reduction in nitrite content and lipid peroxidation levels, while an increased in the reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were also observed their hippocampus. Although, IF (2.36-14.16 mM) did not show toxicity in A. salina but exhibited a prominent antioxidant capacity in hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative damage in rat erythrocytes. In conclusion, IF exhibited an anxiety-like effect in mice along with a potent antioxidant capacity, and we suppose it may have neuroprotective effects possibly via GABAergic transmission pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - George Layson da Silva Oliveira
- Laboratory of Research in Experimental Neurochemistry of Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64.049-550, Brazil
| | - Muhammad Torequl Islam
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam; Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam.
| | - Antonia Amanda Cardoso de Almeida
- Laboratory of Research in Experimental Neurochemistry of Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64.049-550, Brazil
| | - Antonio Luiz Gomes Junior
- Laboratory of Research in Experimental Neurochemistry of Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64.049-550, Brazil
| | - Katia da Conceiçao Machado
- Laboratory of Research in Experimental Neurochemistry of Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64.049-550, Brazil
| | - Damião Pergentino de Sousa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, 58.051-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Amélia de Carvalho Melo-Cavalcante
- Laboratory of Research in Experimental Neurochemistry of Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64.049-550, Brazil
| | - Rivelilson Mendes de Freitas
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64.049-550, Brazil; Laboratory of Research in Experimental Neurochemistry of Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64.049-550, Brazil
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Fındıklı E, Camkurt MA, İzci F, Karaaslan MF, Fındıklı HA, Sümer P, Kurutaş EB. The Diagnostic Value of Malondialdehyde, Superoxide Dismutase and Catalase Activity in Drug Naïve, First Episode, Non-Smoker Generalized Anxiety Disorder Patients. Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci 2018; 16:88-94. [PMID: 29397670 PMCID: PMC5810442 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2018.16.1.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Objective Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a common anxiety disorder. Although lots of research done to reveal neurobiological basis of GAD, it is still unclear. Diagnosis of GAD depends on subjective complaints of patients, thus the need for a biological marker is constantly emerging. In this study, we aimed to investigate diagnostic value of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in GAD. Methods We evaluated MDA, SOD, and CAT levels in peripheral blood of 46 patients and 45 controls. MDA was measured with Ohkawa’s methods, SOD was measured with Fridovich method, and CAT was measured with Beutler’s method. Results MDA was significantly increased in patients than controls, medians 4.05 nmol/mg and 1.71 nmol/mg respectively, p<0.001; SOD and CAT activity was significantly decreased in patients than controls, medians of SOD were 159.07 U/mg and 301.87 U/mg, p<0.001 respectively, medians for CAT were 138.47 U/mg and 160.60 U/mg respectively. We found high correlation between Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale and SOD, MDA r values were 0.723 and 0.715 respectively, p<0.001 for both. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed high diagnostic performance for MDA and SOD, low diagnostic performance for CAT, areas under curve were 1.0, 1.0, and 0.648 respectively. Conclusion Our results reveal possible diagnostic value of MDA, less likely of SOD but not CAT. Future studies should investigate diagnostic value of oxidants and antioxidantn enzymes in larger samples and include diagnostic value of these parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Fındıklı
- Department of Psychiatry, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Akif Camkurt
- Department of Psychiatry, Afşin State Hospital, Afşin, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey
| | - Filiz İzci
- Department of Psychiatry, İstanbul Bilgi University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Hüseyin Avni Fındıklı
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Adıyaman University, Adıyaman, Turkey
| | - Perihan Sümer
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey
| | - Ergül Belge Kurutaş
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey
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Oudin A, Åström DO, Asplund P, Steingrimsson S, Szabo Z, Carlsen HK. The association between daily concentrations of air pollution and visits to a psychiatric emergency unit: a case-crossover study. Environ Health 2018; 17:4. [PMID: 29321054 PMCID: PMC5763570 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-017-0348-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollution is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Experimental studies, and a few epidemiological studies, suggest that air pollution may cause acute exacerbation of psychiatric disorders, and even increase the rate of suicide attempts, but epidemiological studies on air pollution in association with psychiatric disorders are still few. Our aim was to investigate associations between daily fluctuations in air pollution concentrations and the daily number of visits to a psychiatric emergency unit. METHODS Data from Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden, on the daily number of visits to the Psychiatric emergency unit were combined with daily data on monitored concentrations of respirable particulate matter(PM10), ozone(O3), nitrogen dioxides(NO2) and temperature between 1st July 2012 and 31st December 2016. We used a case-crossover design to analyze data with conditional Poisson regression models allowing for over-dispersion. We stratified data on season. RESULTS Visits increased with increasing PM10 levels during the warmer season (April to September) in both single-pollutant and two-pollutant models. For example, an increase of 3.6% (95% Confidence Interval, CI, 0.4-7.0%) was observed with a 10 μg/m3 increase in PM10 adjusted for NO2. In the three-pollutant models (adjusting for NO2 and O3 simultaneously) the increase was 3.3% (95% CI, -0.2-6.9). There were no clear associations between the outcome and NO2, O3, or PM10 during the colder season (October to March). CONCLUSIONS Ambient air particle concentrations were associated with the number of visits to the Psychiatric emergency unit in the warm season. The results were only borderline statistically significant in the fully adjusted (three-pollutant) models in this small study. The observation could be interpreted as indicative of air pollution as either exacerbating an underlying psychiatric disorder, or increasing mental distress, even in areas with comparatively low levels of air pollution. In combination with the severe impact of psychiatric disorders and mental distress on society and individuals, our results are a strong warrant for future research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Oudin
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Medicon Village, Byggnad 402A, Scheelevägen 2, 223 63 Lund, Sweden
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Daniel Oudin Åström
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Peter Asplund
- Psykiatri Affektiva, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Steinn Steingrimsson
- Psykiatri Affektiva, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- CELAM - Centre for Ethics, Law and Mental Health, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Zoltan Szabo
- Psykiatri Affektiva, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hanne Krage Carlsen
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Psykiatri Affektiva, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Environment and Natural Resources, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Mingori MR, Heimfarth L, Ferreira CF, Gomes HM, Moresco KS, Delgado J, Roncato S, Zeidán-Chuliá F, Gelain DP, Moreira JCF. Effect of Paullinia cupana Mart. Commercial Extract During the Aging of Middle Age Wistar Rats: Differential Effects on the Hippocampus and Striatum. Neurochem Res 2017; 42:2257-2273. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2238-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Santos P, Herrmann AP, Benvenutti R, Noetzold G, Giongo F, Gama CS, Piato AL, Elisabetsky E. Anxiolytic properties of N -acetylcysteine in mice. Behav Brain Res 2017; 317:461-469. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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de Oliveira MR, Fürstenau CR, de Souza ICC, da Costa Ferreira G. Tanshinone I Attenuates the Effects of a Challenge with H 2O 2 on the Functions of Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle and Respiratory Chain in SH-SY5Y Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 54:7858-68. [PMID: 27848206 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0267-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Tanshinone I (T-I; C18H12O3) is a cytoprotective molecule. T-I has been viewed as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent exerting neuroprotective actions in several experimental models. Nonetheless, the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of T-I in mammalian cells are not completely understood yet. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been associated with several neurodegenerative diseases which remain uncured. Therefore, there is increasing interest in compounds that may be used in the prevention or treatment of those pathologies. Since T-I presents an antioxidant capacity, we investigated here whether and how this compound would prevent mitochondrial impairment in SH-SY5Y cells exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which has been involved in the triggering of deleterious effects in several experimental models mimicking neurodegenerative processes. We found that a pretreatment with T-I at 2.5 μM for 2 h suppressed the pro-oxidant effects of H2O2 on mitochondrial membranes. Furthermore, T-I prevented the H2O2-elicited inhibition of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzymes (aconitase, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, and succinate dehydrogenase) and of the mitochondrial complexes I and V. T-I also abrogated the mitochondrial depolarization and the mitochondrial failure to produce ATP in cells exposed to H2O2. T-I upregulated the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) in the mitochondria of SH-SY5Y cells. T-I induced mitochondrial protection, at least in part, by activating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), because silencing of Nrf2 by using small interference RNA (SiRNA) blocked these effects. Therefore, T-I afforded mitochondrial protection (involving both redox and bioenergetics-related aspects) against H2O2 through the activation of Nrf2.
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Gammoh OS, Al-Smadi A, Al-Awaida W, Badr MM, Qinna NA. Increased Salivary Nitric Oxide and G6PD Activity in Refugees with Anxiety and Stress. Stress Health 2016; 32:435-440. [PMID: 26680108 DOI: 10.1002/smi.2666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety and stress are related to physiological changes in humans. Accumulating evidence suggests a cross-talk between psychiatric disorders and oxidative stress. The objective of this study was to compare oxidative stress and defensive antioxidant biomarkers in a group of refugees with acute anxiety and stress with a group of local Jordanians. The Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) Arabic version were used to assess anxiety and stress respectively. Salivary nitric oxide concentration, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity and total salivary protein were compared. As expected, refugees showed higher anxiety and stress scores compared with Jordanians. Also, we report a significant increase in salivary nitric oxide and G6PD activity in the refugee group while total protein concentration did not vary between the two groups. This is the first study that demonstrates an increase in nitric oxide and G6PD activity in the saliva of refugees, thus highlighting their potential role as possible biomarkers in anxiety and stress disorders. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar S Gammoh
- Department of Pharmacy, American University of Madaba-Jordan, Madaba, Jordan.
| | - Ahmed Al-Smadi
- Department of Sciences, American University of Madaba-Jordan, Madaba, Jordan
| | - Wajdy Al-Awaida
- Department of Sciences, American University of Madaba-Jordan, Madaba, Jordan
| | - Mujtaba M Badr
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan
| | - Nidal A Qinna
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan
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Balmus IM, Ciobica A, Antioch I, Dobrin R, Timofte D. Oxidative Stress Implications in the Affective Disorders: Main Biomarkers, Animal Models Relevance, Genetic Perspectives, and Antioxidant Approaches. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2016; 2016:3975101. [PMID: 27563374 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3975101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The correlation between the affective disorders and the almost ubiquitous pathological oxidative stress can be described in a multifactorial way, as an important mechanism of central nervous system impairment. Whether the obvious changes which occur in oxidative balance of the affective disorders are a part of the constitutive mechanism or a collateral effect yet remains as an interesting question. However it is now clear that oxidative stress is a component of these disorders, being characterized by different aspects in a disease-dependent manner. Still, there are a lot of controversies regarding the relevance of the oxidative stress status in most of the affective disorders and despite the fact that most of the studies are showing that the affective disorders development can be correlated to increased oxidative levels, there are various studies stating that oxidative stress is not linked with the mood changing tendencies. Thus, in this minireview we decided to describe the way in which oxidative stress is involved in the affective disorders development, by focusing on the main oxidative stress markers that could be used mechanistically and therapeutically in these deficiencies, the genetic perspectives, some antioxidant approaches, and the relevance of some animal models studies in this context.
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Lemon JA, Aksenov V, Samigullina R, Aksenov S, Rodgers WH, Rollo CD, Boreham DR. A multi-ingredient dietary supplement abolishes large-scale brain cell loss, improves sensory function, and prevents neuronal atrophy in aging mice. Environ Mol Mutagen 2016; 57:382-404. [PMID: 27199101 DOI: 10.1002/em.22019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic growth hormone mice (TGM) are a recognized model of accelerated aging with characteristics including chronic oxidative stress, reduced longevity, mitochondrial dysfunction, insulin resistance, muscle wasting, and elevated inflammatory processes. Growth hormone/IGF-1 activate the Target of Rapamycin known to promote aging. TGM particularly express severe cognitive decline. We previously reported that a multi-ingredient dietary supplement (MDS) designed to offset five mechanisms associated with aging extended longevity, ameliorated cognitive deterioration and significantly reduced age-related physical deterioration in both normal mice and TGM. Here we report that TGM lose more than 50% of cells in midbrain regions, including the cerebellum and olfactory bulb. This is comparable to severe Alzheimer's disease and likely explains their striking age-related cognitive impairment. We also demonstrate that the MDS completely abrogates this severe brain cell loss, reverses cognitive decline and augments sensory and motor function in aged mice. Additionally, histological examination of retinal structure revealed markers consistent with higher numbers of photoreceptor cells in aging and supplemented mice. We know of no other treatment with such efficacy, highlighting the potential for prevention or amelioration of human neuropathologies that are similarly associated with oxidative stress, inflammation and cellular dysfunction. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 57:382-404, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Lemon
- Department of Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton ON, Canada, L8S 4K1
| | - V Aksenov
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton ON, Canada, L8S 4K1
| | - R Samigullina
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton ON, Canada, L8S 4K1
| | - S Aksenov
- Department of Pathology, New York-Presbyterian/Queens Hospital, 56-45 Main Street, Flushing, New York, 11355
| | - W H Rodgers
- Department of Pathology, New York-Presbyterian/Queens Hospital, 56-45 Main Street, Flushing, New York, 11355
| | - C D Rollo
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton ON, Canada, L8S 4K1
| | - D R Boreham
- Department of Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton ON, Canada, L8S 4K1
- Medical Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury ON, Canada, P3E 2C6
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Da Silva Morrone M, Schnorr CE, Behr GA, Gasparotto J, Bortolin RC, Moresco KS, Bittencourt L, Zanotto-Filho A, Gelain DP, Moreira JCF. Oral administration of curcumin relieves behavioral alterations and oxidative stress in the frontal cortex, hippocampus, and striatum of ovariectomized Wistar rats. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 32:181-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Solanki N, Atrooz F, Asghar S, Salim S. Tempol protects sleep-deprivation induced behavioral deficits in aggressive male Long-Evans rats. Neurosci Lett 2015; 612:245-250. [PMID: 26724222 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Earlier, we reported that elevated anxiety-like behavior and high aggression in aged retired breeder Long-Evans (L-E) rats was associated with increased plasma corticosterone and elevated oxidative stress levels. In the present study, we examined how this aged aggressive and anxious rat strain responds to acute sleep deprivation (24h) and whether their behaviors can be modulated via antioxidant tempol treatment. Four groups of L-E rats were utilized: naïve control (NC), tempol treated control (T+NC), sleep deprived (SD), tempol treated and sleep deprived (T+SD). Thus, two groups were treated with tempol (1mM in drinking water for 2 weeks) while the other two were not. Two groups were subjected to acute sleep deprivation (24h) using the columns-in-water model while the other two were not. Sleep deprivation induced anxiety-like behavior, led to significant depression-like behavior and short-term memory impairment in SD rats. And, decision-making behavior also was compromised in SD rats. These behavioral and cognitive impairments were prevented with tempol treatment in T+SD rats. Tempol treatment also reduced SD-induced increase in corticosterone and oxidative stress levels in T+SD rats. These results suggest potential involvement of oxidative stress mechanisms in regulation of sleep deprivation induced behavioral and cognitive deficits in male aged-aggressive rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naimesh Solanki
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX-77204, United States
| | - Fatin Atrooz
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX-77204, United States
| | - Saman Asghar
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX-77204, United States
| | - Samina Salim
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX-77204, United States.
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Komaki A, Hashemi-Firouzi N, Kakaei S, Shahidi S, Sarihi A, Salehi I. Investigating the effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of Salix aegyptiaca on anxiety in male rat. Adv Biomed Res 2015; 4:258. [PMID: 26918240 PMCID: PMC4746938 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.170683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Anxiety disorders are frequently common neuropsychiatric disorders. Herbal medicines are widespread and used universal as a treatment compound for anxiety. The present study investigated the effects of hydro-alcoholic extract of Salix aegyptiaca blossom on rat behavior in the elevated plus-maze (EPM) and compared results with the effects of diazepam, as a positive control drug. Materials and Methods: Seventy adult male Wistar rats were divided into seven groups (N = 10). Animals received S. aegyptiaca extract (25, 50, 100 mg/kg) or Diazepam (0.3, 0.6, or 1.2 mg/kg) intraperitoneally and the control group was given the vehicle (10 ml/kg) 30 min before submitting into plus-maze test. The number of entries into the open and closed arms, the percentage of entries into the open arms of the EPM, and the time spent in the open arms were recorded. Results: The results revealed significant increases in percentage of entries into the open arms (P < 0.01) and in the time spent in the open arms (P < 0.01) after administration of diazepam (0.3, 0.6) and S. aegyptiaca (50, 100 mg/kg) in compare with control group. S. aegyptiaca extract has no effects on the total distance covered by animals and number of closed arms entries, whereas diazepam decreased these parameters. The locomotor activity was not significantly changed by S. aegyptiaca. Conclusion: Single-session administration of optimum doses of total extract of S. aegyptiaca has anxiolytic effects in rat similar to the low dose of diazepam. More research is needed for better understanding of anxiolytic properties and neurobiological mechanisms of action and probable interactions of S. aegyptiaca extract with neurotransmitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Komaki
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | | | - Sahar Kakaei
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Siamak Shahidi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Abdolrahman Sarihi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Iraj Salehi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Abstract
Vitamin A (retinol) and its congeners - the retinoids - participate in a panoply of biological events, as for instance cell differentiation, proliferation, survival, and death, necessary to maintain tissue homeostasis. Furthermore, such molecules may be applied as therapeutic agents in the case of some diseases, including dermatological disturbances, immunodeficiency, and cancer (mainly leukemia). In spite of this, there is a growing body of evidences showing that vitamin A doses exceeding the nutritional requirements may lead to negative consequences, including bioenergetics state dysfunction, redox impairment, altered cellular signaling, and cell death or proliferation, depending on the cell type. Neurotoxicity has long been demonstrated as a possible side effect of inadvertent consumption, or even under medical recommendation of vitamin A and retinoids at moderate to high doses. However, the exact mechanism by which such molecules exert a neurotoxic role is not clear yet. In this review, recent data are discussed regarding the molecular findings associated with the vitamin A-related neurotoxicity.
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de Oliveira MR. Vitamin A and Retinoids as Mitochondrial Toxicants. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2015; 2015:140267. [PMID: 26078802 DOI: 10.1155/2015/140267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin A and its derivatives, the retinoids, are micronutrient necessary for the human diet in order to maintain several cellular functions from human development to adulthood and also through aging. Furthermore, vitamin A and retinoids are utilized pharmacologically in the treatment of some diseases, as, for instance, dermatological disturbances and some types of cancer. In spite of being an essential micronutrient with clinical application, vitamin A exerts several toxic effects regarding redox environment and mitochondrial function. Moreover, decreased life quality and increased mortality rates among vitamin A supplements users have been reported. However, the exact mechanism by which vitamin A elicits its deleterious effects is not clear yet. In this review, the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the mechanism of vitamin A-induced toxicity is discussed.
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Power MC, Kioumourtzoglou MA, Hart JE, Okereke OI, Laden F, Weisskopf MG. The relation between past exposure to fine particulate air pollution and prevalent anxiety: observational cohort study. BMJ 2015; 350:h1111. [PMID: 25810495 PMCID: PMC4373600 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.h1111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether higher past exposure to particulate air pollution is associated with prevalent high symptoms of anxiety. DESIGN Observational cohort study. SETTING Nurses' Health Study. PARTICIPANTS 71,271 women enrolled in the Nurses' Health Study residing throughout the contiguous United States who had valid estimates on exposure to particulate matter for at least one exposure period of interest and data on anxiety symptoms. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Meaningfully high symptoms of anxiety, defined as a score of 6 points or greater on the phobic anxiety subscale of the Crown-Crisp index, administered in 2004. RESULTS The 71,271 eligible women were aged between 57 and 85 years (mean 70 years) at the time of assessment of anxiety symptoms, with a prevalence of high anxiety symptoms of 15%. Exposure to particulate matter was characterized using estimated average exposure to particulate matter <2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5) and 2.5 to 10 μm in diameter (PM2.5-10) in the one month, three months, six months, one year, and 15 years prior to assessment of anxiety symptoms, and residential distance to the nearest major road two years prior to assessment. Significantly increased odds of high anxiety symptoms were observed with higher exposure to PM2.5 for multiple averaging periods (for example, odds ratio per 10 µg/m(3) increase in prior one month average PM2.5: 1.12, 95% confidence interval 1.06 to 1.19; in prior 12 month average PM2.5: 1.15, 1.06 to 1.26). Models including multiple exposure windows suggested short term averaging periods were more relevant than long term averaging periods. There was no association between anxiety and exposure to PM2.5-10. Residential proximity to major roads was not related to anxiety symptoms in a dose dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) was associated with high symptoms of anxiety, with more recent exposures potentially more relevant than more distant exposures. Research evaluating whether reductions in exposure to ambient PM2.5 would reduce the population level burden of clinically relevant symptoms of anxiety is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda C Power
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston MA, USA Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston MA, USA Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore MD, USA
| | | | - Jaime E Hart
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston MA, USA Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine at Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA
| | - Olivia I Okereke
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston MA, USA Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine at Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA
| | - Francine Laden
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston MA, USA Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston MA, USA Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine at Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA
| | - Marc G Weisskopf
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston MA, USA Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston MA, USA
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Smaga I, Niedzielska E, Gawlik M, Moniczewski A, Krzek J, Przegaliński E, Pera J, Filip M. Oxidative stress as an etiological factor and a potential treatment target of psychiatric disorders. Part 2. Depression, anxiety, schizophrenia and autism. Pharmacol Rep 2015; 67:569-80. [PMID: 25933971 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2014.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of psychiatric diseases, including depression, anxiety, schizophrenia and autism, is far from being fully elucidated. In recent years, a potential role of the oxidative stress has been highlighted in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders. A body of clinical and preclinical evidence indicates that psychiatric diseases are characterized by higher levels of oxidative biomarkers and with lower levels of antioxidant defense biomarkers in the brain and peripheral tissues. In this article, we review current knowledge on the role of the oxidative stress in psychiatric diseases, based on clinical trials and animal studies, in addition, we analyze the effects of drug-induced modulation of oxidative balance and explore pharmacotherapeutic strategies for oxidative stress reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Smaga
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewa Niedzielska
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Maciej Gawlik
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrzej Moniczewski
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jan Krzek
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Edmund Przegaliński
- Laboratory of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Pera
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Filip
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków, Poland; Laboratory of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland.
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Solanki N, Alkadhi I, Atrooz F, Patki G, Salim S. Grape powder prevents cognitive, behavioral, and biochemical impairments in a rat model of posttraumatic stress disorder. Nutr Res 2014; 35:65-75. [PMID: 25533441 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2014.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Previously, using the single-prolonged stress (SPS) rat model of posttraumatic stress disorder, we reported that moderate treadmill exercise, via modulation of oxidative stress-related mechanisms, rescued anxiety- and depression-like behaviors and reversed SPS-induced memory impairment. In this study using the SPS model (2-hour restrain, 20-minute forced swimming, 15-minute rest, and 1-2-minute diethyl ether exposure), we hypothesized that antioxidant rich grape powder (GP) prevents SPS-induced behavioral and memory impairment in rats. Male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned into control (CON) (provided tap water), SPS (provided tap water), GP-SPS (provided 15 g/L GP in tap water for 3 weeks followed by SPS), or GP-CON (3 weeks of GP followed by CON exposure). Anxiety- and depression-like behaviors were significantly greater in SPS rats, when compared with CON- or GP-treated rats, and GP reversed these behavioral deficits. Single-prolonged stress rats made significantly more errors in both short- and long-term memory tests compared with CON- or GP-treated rats, which were prevented in GP-SPS rats. Grape powder prevented SPS-induced increase in plasma corticosterone level. Furthermore, brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels were significantly decreased in amygdala of SPS rats but not in GP-SPS rats compared with CON or (GP-CON) rats. In addition, GP significantly increased acetylated histone 3 and histone deacetylase 5 in hippocampus and amygdala of SPS rats as compared with CON or GP-CON rats. In conclusion, we suggest protective role of GP in SPS-induced behavioral, cognitive, and biochemical impairments in rats. Perhaps, epigenetic regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor enables GP-mediated prevention of SPS-induced deficits in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naimesh Solanki
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, TX, USA
| | - Isam Alkadhi
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fatin Atrooz
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gaurav Patki
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, TX, USA
| | - Samina Salim
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, TX, USA.
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Schnorr CE, Morrone MDS, Simões-Pires A, Bittencourt LDS, Zeidán-Chuliá F, Moreira JCF. Supplementation of adult rats with moderate amounts of β-carotene modulates the redox status in plasma without exerting pro-oxidant effects in the brain: a safer alternative to food fortification with vitamin A? Nutrients 2014; 6:5572-82. [PMID: 25470379 PMCID: PMC4276984 DOI: 10.3390/nu6125572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the antioxidant potential of vitamin A, recent studies reported that chronic retinol ester supplementation can also exert pro-oxidant effects and neurotoxicity in vivo and raises the mortality rates among healthy subjects. Our aim was to find evidence for a safer (i.e., less toxic) molecule with provitamin A activity. Therefore, we investigated whether chronic supplementation of healthy Wistar rats with β-carotene (0.6, 3, and 6 mg/kg/day) would demonstrate antioxidant characteristics without leading to pro-oxidant side effects in the brain. Total reactive antioxidant potential (TRAP), thiobarbituric reactive species level (TBARS), and total reduced thiol content (SH) were evaluated in plasma. TBARS and SH were additionally evaluated in selected brain regions together with superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity. In the present study, we show that β-carotene is able to exert antioxidant activity in plasma without triggering pro-oxidant events in the brain, providing evidence that may justify its further evaluation as a safer nutritional supplement with provitamin A activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Eduardo Schnorr
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600, Anexo Depto. Bioquímica, Lab 32, CEP 90035-003, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Maurilio da Silva Morrone
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600, Anexo Depto. Bioquímica, Lab 32, CEP 90035-003, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - André Simões-Pires
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600, Anexo Depto. Bioquímica, Lab 32, CEP 90035-003, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Leonardo da Silva Bittencourt
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600, Anexo Depto. Bioquímica, Lab 32, CEP 90035-003, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Fares Zeidán-Chuliá
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600, Anexo Depto. Bioquímica, Lab 32, CEP 90035-003, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - José Cláudio Fonseca Moreira
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600, Anexo Depto. Bioquímica, Lab 32, CEP 90035-003, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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Jangra A, Lukhi MM, Sulakhiya K, Baruah CC, Lahkar M. Protective effect of mangiferin against lipopolysaccharide-induced depressive and anxiety-like behaviour in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 740:337-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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da Silva AI, Monteiro Galindo LC, Nascimento L, Moura Freitas C, Manhaes-de-Castro R, Lagranha CJ, Lopes de Souza S. Fluoxetine treatment of rat neonates significantly reduces oxidative stress in the hippocampus and in behavioral indicators of anxiety later in postnatal life. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2014; 92:330-7. [PMID: 24708216 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2013-0321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The brain, more than any other organ in the body, is vulnerable to oxidative stress damage, owing to its requirement for high levels of oxygenation. This is needed to fulfill its metabolic needs in the face of relatively low levels of protective antioxidants. Recent studies have suggested that oxidative stress is directly involved in the etiology of both eating and anxiety behavior. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of fluoxetine-inhibited serotonin reuptake in nursing rat neonates on behavior and on oxidative stress in the hypothalamus and the hippocampus; brain areas responsible for behavior related to food and anxiety, respectively. The results show that increased serotonin levels during a critical period of development do not induce significant differences in food-related behavior (intake and satiety), but do result in a in a significant decrease in anxiety. Measurements of oxidative stress showed a significant reduction of lipid peroxidation in the hippocampus (57%). In the hypothalamus, antioxidant enzymes were unchanged, but in the hippocampus, the activity of catalase and glutathione-S-transferase was increased (80% and 85% respectively). This suggests that protecting neural cells from oxidative stress during brain development contributes to the anxiolytic effects of serotonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Isabel da Silva
- a Nutrition Graduate Program and Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco Recife, Brazil
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Tomášová L, Hvizdošová N, Boleková A, Šmajda B, Kluchová D. Vitamin A and amygdala: functional and morphological consequences. Neurol Sci 2014; 35:1585-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-014-1802-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Ozkol HU, Ozkol H, Karadag AS, Bilgili SG, Tuluce Y, Calka O. Oral isotretinoin therapy of acne patients decreases serum paraoxonase-1 activity through increasing oxidative stress. Drug Chem Toxicol 2014; 38:63-6. [DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2014.905590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Abstract
Oxidative stress is an imbalance between cellular production of reactive oxygen species and the counteracting antioxidant mechanisms. The brain with its high oxygen consumption and a lipid-rich environment is considered highly susceptible to oxidative stress or redox imbalances. Therefore, the fact that oxidative stress is implicated in several mental disorders including depression, anxiety disorders, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, is not surprising. Although several elegant studies have established a link between oxidative stress and psychiatric disorders, the causal relationship between oxidative stress and psychiatric diseases is not fully determined. Another critical aspect that needs much attention and effort is our understanding of the association between cellular oxidative stress and emotional stress. This review examines some of the recent discoveries that link oxidative status with anxiety, depression, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. A discussion of published results and questions that currently exist in the field regarding a causal relationship between oxidative and emotional stress is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samina Salim
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Texas, USA
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