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Larayedh R, Cornuelle BD, Krokos G, Hoteit I. Numerical investigation of shipping noise in the Red Sea. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5851. [PMID: 38462653 PMCID: PMC10925598 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56523-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Underwater noise pollution is a significant environmental issue that can have detrimental effects on marine ecosystems. One of the main sources of underwater noise pollution is ship traffic, which has been shown to negatively impact marine animals by masking communication signals and altering their behaviors. This study represents the first comprehensive analysis of underwater ship noise in the Red Sea, wherein noise maps of ships sailing through the main shipping lane in the Red Sea were simulated by integrating both anthropogenic and environmental variables. These maps offer valuable insights for policymakers, enabling them to make informed decisions and implement targeted mitigation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rihab Larayedh
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bruce D Cornuelle
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - George Krokos
- Institute of Oceanography, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, 19013, Anavyssos, Greece
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Hoteit
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia.
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Picciulin M, Petrizzo A, Madricardo F, Barbanti A, Bastianini M, Biagiotti I, Bosi S, Centurelli M, Codarin A, Costantini I, Dadić V, Falkner R, Folegot T, Galvez D, Leonori I, Menegon S, Mihanović H, Muslim S, Pari A, Pari S, Pleslić G, Radulović M, Rako-Gospić N, Sabbatini D, Tegowski J, Vukadin P, Ghezzo M. First basin scale spatial-temporal characterization of underwater sound in the Mediterranean Sea. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22799. [PMID: 38129457 PMCID: PMC10739739 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49567-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic underwater noise is an emergent pollutant. Despite several worldwide monitoring programs, only few data are available for the Mediterranean Sea, one of the global biodiversity hotspots. The results of the first continuous acoustic programme run at a transnational basin scale in the Mediterranean Sea are here presented. Recordings were done from March 2020 to June 2021, including the COVID-19 lockdown, at nine stations in the Northern Adriatic Sea. Spatial-temporal variations of the underwater sound are described, having one third octave band sound pressure levels (SPLs) from 10 Hz to 20 kHz as metrics. Higher and more variable SPLs, mainly related to vessel traffic, were found close to harbours, whereas Natura 2000 stations experienced lower SPLs. Lower values were recorded during the lockdown in five stations. Median yearly SPLs ranged between 64 and 95 as well as 70 and 100 dB re 1 µPa for 63 and 125 Hz bands, respectively. These values are comparable with those previously found in busy shallow EU basins but higher levels are expected during a business-as-usual period. This is a baseline assessment for a highly impacted and environmental valuable area, that needs to be managed in a new sustainable blue growth strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Picciulin
- CNR-National Research Council, ISMAR - Institute of Marine Sciences in Venice, Castello 2737/F, 30122, Venice, Italy.
| | - Antonio Petrizzo
- CNR-National Research Council, ISMAR - Institute of Marine Sciences in Venice, Castello 2737/F, 30122, Venice, Italy
| | - Fantina Madricardo
- CNR-National Research Council, ISMAR - Institute of Marine Sciences in Venice, Castello 2737/F, 30122, Venice, Italy
| | - Andrea Barbanti
- CNR-National Research Council, ISMAR - Institute of Marine Sciences in Venice, Castello 2737/F, 30122, Venice, Italy
| | - Mauro Bastianini
- CNR-National Research Council, ISMAR - Institute of Marine Sciences in Venice, Castello 2737/F, 30122, Venice, Italy
| | - Ilaria Biagiotti
- CNR-National Research Council, IRBIM -Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnologies, SS Ancona, Largo Fiera Della Pesca 1, 60125, Ancona, Italy
| | - Sofia Bosi
- CNR-National Research Council, ISMAR - Institute of Marine Sciences in Venice, Castello 2737/F, 30122, Venice, Italy
| | - Michele Centurelli
- CNR-National Research Council, IRBIM -Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnologies, SS Ancona, Largo Fiera Della Pesca 1, 60125, Ancona, Italy
| | - Antonio Codarin
- ARPA FVG - Regional Environmental Protection Agency of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Via Cairoli 14, 33057, Palmanova, Udine, Italy
| | - Ilaria Costantini
- CNR-National Research Council, IRBIM -Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnologies, SS Ancona, Largo Fiera Della Pesca 1, 60125, Ancona, Italy
| | - Vlado Dadić
- IOR - Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Šetalište I. Meštrovića 63, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Raffaela Falkner
- Blue World Institute of Marine Research and Conservation, Kaštel 24, 51551, Veli Lošinj, Croatia
| | - Thomas Folegot
- Quiet Oceans, Bâtiment Cap Ocean, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, 525 Avenue Alexis de Rochon, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Daphnie Galvez
- CNR-National Research Council, ISMAR - Institute of Marine Sciences in Venice, Castello 2737/F, 30122, Venice, Italy
| | - Iole Leonori
- CNR-National Research Council, IRBIM -Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnologies, SS Ancona, Largo Fiera Della Pesca 1, 60125, Ancona, Italy
| | - Stefano Menegon
- CNR-National Research Council, ISMAR - Institute of Marine Sciences in Venice, Castello 2737/F, 30122, Venice, Italy
| | - Hrvoje Mihanović
- IOR - Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Šetalište I. Meštrovića 63, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Stipe Muslim
- IOR - Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Šetalište I. Meštrovića 63, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Alice Pari
- Fondazione Cetacea Onlus, Viale Torino 7A, 47838, Riccione, Italy
| | - Sauro Pari
- Fondazione Cetacea Onlus, Viale Torino 7A, 47838, Riccione, Italy
| | - Grgur Pleslić
- Blue World Institute of Marine Research and Conservation, Kaštel 24, 51551, Veli Lošinj, Croatia
| | - Marko Radulović
- Blue World Institute of Marine Research and Conservation, Kaštel 24, 51551, Veli Lošinj, Croatia
| | - Nikolina Rako-Gospić
- Blue World Institute of Marine Research and Conservation, Kaštel 24, 51551, Veli Lošinj, Croatia
| | - Davide Sabbatini
- Fondazione Cetacea Onlus, Viale Torino 7A, 47838, Riccione, Italy
| | - Jaroslaw Tegowski
- Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, University of Gdańsk, Av. Marszałka Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378, Gdynia, Poland
| | - Predrag Vukadin
- IOR - Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Šetalište I. Meštrovića 63, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Michol Ghezzo
- CNR-National Research Council, ISMAR - Institute of Marine Sciences in Venice, Castello 2737/F, 30122, Venice, Italy
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Popper AN, Calfee RD. Sound and sturgeon: Bioacoustics and anthropogenic sounda). J Acoust Soc Am 2023; 154:2021-2035. [PMID: 37782124 DOI: 10.1121/10.0021166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Sturgeons are basal bony fishes, most species of which are considered threatened and/or endangered. Like all fishes, sturgeons use hearing to learn about their environment and perhaps communicate with conspecifics, as in mating. Thus, anything that impacts the ability of sturgeon to hear biologically important sounds could impact fitness and survival of individuals and populations. There is growing concern that the sounds produced by human activities (anthropogenic sound), such as from shipping, commercial barge navigation on rivers, offshore windfarms, and oil and gas exploration, could impact hearing by aquatic organisms. Thus, it is critical to understand how sturgeon hear, what they hear, and how they use sound. Such data are needed to set regulatory criteria for anthropogenic sound to protect these animals. However, very little is known about sturgeon behavioral responses to sound and their use of sound. To help understand the issues related to sturgeon and anthropogenic sound, this review first examines what is known about sturgeon bioacoustics. It then considers the potential effects of anthropogenic sound on sturgeon and, finally identifies areas of research that could substantially improve knowledge of sturgeon bioacoustics and effects of anthropogenic sound. Filling these gaps will help regulators establish appropriate protection for sturgeon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur N Popper
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Robin D Calfee
- United States Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, 4200 New Haven Road, Columbia, Missouri 65201, USA
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Findlay CR, Rojano-Doñate L, Tougaard J, Johnson MP, Madsen PT. Small reductions in cargo vessel speed substantially reduce noise impacts to marine mammals. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadf2987. [PMID: 37343089 PMCID: PMC10284543 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf2987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Global reductions in the underwater radiated noise levels from cargo vessels are needed to reduce increasing cumulative impacts to marine wildlife. We use a vessel exposure simulation model to examine how reducing vessel source levels through slowdowns and technological modifications can lessen impacts on marine mammals. We show that the area exposed to ship noise reduces markedly with moderate source-level reductions that can be readily achieved with small reductions in speed. Moreover, slowdowns reduce all impacts to marine mammals despite the longer time that a slower vessel takes to pass an animal. We conclude that cumulative noise impacts from the global fleet can be reduced immediately by slowdowns. This solution requires no modification to ships and is scalable from local speed reductions in sensitive areas to ocean basins. Speed reductions can be supplemented by routing vessels away from critical habitats and by technological modifications to reduce vessel noise.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laia Rojano-Doñate
- Zoophysiology, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Jakob Tougaard
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Mark P. Johnson
- Zoophysiology, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
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