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Galal ER, Abdelhakam DA, Ahmed LK, Elhusseny Y, Sayed SEP, Eltaweel NH. The association of FSCN1 (rs852479, rs1640233) and HOTAIR (rs920778) polymorphisms with the risk of breast cancer in Egyptian women. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:495. [PMID: 38587571 PMCID: PMC11001669 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09459-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most prevalent cancers that contribute to mortality among women worldwide. Despite contradictory findings, considerable evidence suggests that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the FSCN1 and HOTAIR genes may have a causative impact on the development of BC. This case-control study was conducted to evaluate the association of genotype frequency in FSCN1 rs852479, rs1640233, and HOTAIR rs920778 with susceptibility and prognosis of BC, as well as the impact of clinical stages and hormonal features. METHODS AND RESULTS FSCN1 (rs852479, rs1640233) and HOTAIR (rs920778) were genotyped using TaqMan real-time PCR assay in 200 BC patients and 200 cancer-free controls, all representing Egyptian women. Genotypic analyses in association with clinicopathological factors and disease risk were assessed. As a result, a significant association with BC risk was observed for CC genotype frequency of FSCN1 rs852479 A > C (OR = 0.395, 95% CI 0.204-0.76, p-value = 0.005). However, no significant correlation was detected between the FSCN1 rs1640233 C > T and HOTAIR rs920778 C > T polymorphic variants and susceptibility to BC. Interestingly, CC genotype of FSCN1 rs1640233 was more likely to progress tumor size and lymph node invasion in BC cases (p-value = 0.04 and 0.02, respectively). Moreover, it was revealed that there was a non-significant correlation between the haplotype distributions of FSCN1 rs852479 and rs1640233 and the probability of BC. CONCLUSIONS Based on the sample size and genetic characteristics of the subjects involved in the present study, our findings indicated that FSCN1 rs852479 may contribute to BC susceptibility in a sample of the Egyptian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Reda Galal
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Dina A Abdelhakam
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Lamiaa Khalaf Ahmed
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yasmine Elhusseny
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of Medicine, Newgiza University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sherif El Prince Sayed
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Noha H Eltaweel
- Medical Molecular Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Project Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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Liu H, Hao W, Wang X, Zhang Y, He L, Xue X, Yang J, Zhang C. Identification of novel molecules and pathways associated with fascin actin‑bundling protein 1 in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma through comprehensive transcriptome analysis. Int J Mol Med 2024; 53:39. [PMID: 38426543 PMCID: PMC10914310 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2024.5363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is a common malignant tumor with a poor prognosis. Fascin actin‑bundling protein 1 (FSCN1) has been reported to play a crucial role in the development and progression of LSCC; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Herein, a whole transcriptome microarray analysis was performed to screen for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in cells in which FSCN1 was knocked down. A total of 462 up and 601 downregulated mRNA transcripts were identified. Functional annotation analysis revealed that these DEGs were involved in multiple biological functions, such as transcriptional regulation, response to radiation, focal adhesion, extracellular matrix‑receptor interaction, steroid biosynthesis and others. Through co‑expression and protein‑protein interaction analysis, FSCN1 was linked to novel functions, including defense response to virus and steroid biosynthesis. Furthermore, crosstalk analysis with FSCN1‑interacting proteins revealed seven DEGs, identified as FSCN1‑interacting partners, in LSCC cells, three of which were selected for further validation. Co‑immunoprecipitation validation confirmed that FSCN1 interacted with prostaglandin reductase 1 and 24‑dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR24). Of note, DHCR24 is a key enzyme involved in cholesterol biosynthesis, and its overexpression promotes the proliferation and migration of LSCC cells. These findings suggest that DHCR24 is a novel molecule associated with FSCN1 in LSCC, and that the FSCN1‑DHCR24 interaction may promote LSCC progression by regulating cholesterol metabolism‑related signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Liu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
- Shanxi Province Clinical Medical Research Center for Precision Medicine of Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
- Department of Cell Biology, The Basic Medical School of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Wenjing Hao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
- Department of Cell Biology, The Basic Medical School of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Xinfang Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
- Department of Cell Biology, The Basic Medical School of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Yuliang Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
- Shanxi Province Clinical Medical Research Center for Precision Medicine of Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Long He
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
- Shanxi Province Clinical Medical Research Center for Precision Medicine of Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Xuting Xue
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
- Shanxi Province Clinical Medical Research Center for Precision Medicine of Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Jiao Yang
- Department of Anatomy, The Basic Medical School of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Chunming Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
- Shanxi Province Clinical Medical Research Center for Precision Medicine of Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
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Barbonari S, D'Amore A, Hanbashi AA, Palombi F, Riccioli A, Parrington J, Filippini A. Endolysosomal two-pore channel 2 plays opposing roles in primary and metastatic malignant melanoma cells. Cell Biol Int 2024; 48:521-540. [PMID: 38263578 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
The ion channel two-pore channel 2 (TPC2), localised on the membranes of acidic organelles such as endo-lysosomes and melanosomes, has been shown to play a role in pathologies including cancer, and it is differently expressed in primary versus metastatic melanoma cells. Whether TPC2 plays a pro- or anti-oncogenic role in different tumour conditions is a relevant open question which we have explored in melanoma at different stages of tumour progression. The behaviour of primary melanoma cell line B16F0 and its metastatic subline B16F10 were compared in response to TPC2 modulation by silencing (by small interfering RNA), knock-out (by CRISPR/Cas9) and overexpression (by mCherry-TPC2 transfected plasmid). TPC2 silencing increased cell migration, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and autophagy in the metastatic samples, but abated them in the silenced primary ones. Interestingly, while TPC2 inactivation failed to affect markers of proliferation in both samples, it strongly enhanced the migratory behaviour of the metastatic cells, again suggesting that in the more aggressive phenotype TPC2 plays a specific antimetastatic role. In line with this, overexpression of TPC2 in B16F10 cells resulted in phenotype rescue, that is, a decrease in migratory ability, thus collectively resuming traits of the B16F0 primary cell line. Our research shows a novel role of TPC2 in melanoma cells that is intriguingly different in initial versus late stages of cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Barbonari
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Ali A Hanbashi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fioretta Palombi
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Riccioli
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - John Parrington
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Antonio Filippini
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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Gong R, Reynolds MJ, Carney KR, Hamilton K, Bidone TC, Alushin GM. Fascin structural plasticity mediates flexible actin bundle construction. bioRxiv 2024:2024.01.03.574123. [PMID: 38260322 PMCID: PMC10802278 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.03.574123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Fascin crosslinks actin filaments (F-actin) into bundles that support tubular membrane protrusions including filopodia and stereocilia. Fascin dysregulation drives aberrant cell migration during metastasis, and fascin inhibitors are under development as cancer therapeutics. Here, we use cryo-electron microscopy, cryo-electron tomography coupled with custom denoising, and computational modeling to probe fascin's F-actin crosslinking mechanisms across spatial scales. Our fascin crossbridge structure reveals an asymmetric F-actin binding conformation that is allosterically blocked by the inhibitor G2. Reconstructions of seven-filament hexagonal bundle elements, variability analysis, and simulations show how structural plasticity enables fascin to bridge varied inter-filament orientations, accommodating mismatches between F-actin's helical symmetry and bundle hexagonal packing. Tomography of many-filament bundles and modeling uncovers geometric rules underlying emergent fascin binding patterns, as well as the accumulation of unfavorable crosslinks that limit bundle size. Collectively, this work shows how fascin harnesses fine-tuned nanoscale structural dynamics to build and regulate micron-scale F-actin bundles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Gong
- Laboratory of Structural Biophysics and Mechanobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew J. Reynolds
- Laboratory of Structural Biophysics and Mechanobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Keith R. Carney
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Keith Hamilton
- Laboratory of Structural Biophysics and Mechanobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tamara C. Bidone
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Gregory M. Alushin
- Laboratory of Structural Biophysics and Mechanobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
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Abdullah AR, Gamal El-Din AM, El-Mahdy HA, Ismail Y, El-Husseiny AA. The crucial role of fascin-1 in the pathogenesis, metastasis, and chemotherapeutic resistance of breast cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 254:155079. [PMID: 38219494 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.155079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common type of cancer in women to be diagnosed, and it is also the second leading cause of cancer death in women globally. It is the disease that causes the most life years adjusted for disability lost among women, making it a serious worldwide health issue. Understanding and interpreting carcinogenesis and metastatic pathways is critical for curing malignancy. Fascin-1 was recognized as an actin-bundling protein with parallel, rigid bundles as a result of the cross-linking of F-actin microfilaments. Increasing levels of fascin-1 have been associated with bad prognostic profiles, aggressiveness of clinical courses, and poor survival outcomes in a variety of human malignancies. Cancer cells that overexpress fascin-1 have higher capabilities for proliferation, invasion, migration, and metastasis. Fascin-1 is being considered as a potential target for therapy as well as a potential biomarker for diagnostics in a variety of cancer types. This review aims to provide an overview of the FSCN1 gene and its protein structure, elucidate its physiological and pathological roles, and throw light on its involvement in the initiation, development, and chemotherapeutic resistance of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed R Abdullah
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ayman M Gamal El-Din
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hesham A El-Mahdy
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Yahia Ismail
- Medical Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Cairo University, Cairo 11796, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A El-Husseiny
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City 11829, Cairo, Egypt.
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Tong X, Liu C, Liang M, Ye X, Deng Z, Zhang X. Screening and validation of differentially expressed genes in adipose tissue of patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Biomol Biomed 2024; 24:40-50. [PMID: 37597213 PMCID: PMC10787618 DOI: 10.17305/bb.2023.9498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) plays a pivotal role in the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. Despite its significance the underlying pathogenesis and key genes associated with it remain elusive. In our study, we screened the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in intra-abdominal WAT of T2DM patients with obesity, as well as those with simple obesity, aiming to lay a foundational theory for an in-depth investigation of T2DM pathogenesis and the identification of novel therapeutic targets. Gene expression datasets (GSE16415 and GSE71416) were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. We employed R for screening DEGs and conducted a functional enrichment analysis using the Metascape database. Combined Lasso regression and Boruta feature selection algorithms were used to identify key DEGs. Subsequently, these were cross-verified using the GSE29231 dataset. Samples and medical records were collected from clinical study participants. The mRNA and protein expressions of the key DEGs were verified using qRT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. We discerned a total of 130 DEGs, with 40 being upregulated and 90 downregulated. Functional and pathway enrichment analyses illuminated that these genes are instrumental in mediating metabolite and energy production, neutrophil-mediated immunity, and other associated biological processes. This includes their involvement in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, and other signalling pathways. Two genes, CIDEA and FSCN1 emerged as key DEGs. The low expression of CIDEA and high expression of FSCN1 in the T2DM and obesity group were verified in clinical samples (P < 0.05). We established that CIDEA and FSCN1 manifest significant differential expression in T2DM patients who are obese. This suggests their potential as risk assessment markers and therapeutic targets for T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Tong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hospital of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps/Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Shihezi University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- Clinical Laboratory Center, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hospital of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps/Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Shihezi University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Mengjie Liang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hospital of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps/Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Shihezi University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xueyan Ye
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hospital of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps/Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Shihezi University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Urumqi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zhaohui Deng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hospital of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps/Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Shihezi University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hospital of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps/Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Shihezi University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
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Sun Q, Liu R, Zhang H, Zong L, Jing X, Ma L, Li J, Zhang L. Fascin actin-bundling protein 1 regulates non-small cell lung cancer progression by influencing the transcription and splicing of tumorigenesis-related genes. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16526. [PMID: 38077434 PMCID: PMC10704988 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background High mortality rates are prevalent among patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and effective therapeutic targets are key prognostic factors. Fascin actin-bundling protein 1 (FSCN1) promotes NSCLC; however, its role as an RNA-binding protein in NSCLC remains unexplored. Therefore, we aimed to explore FSCN1 expression and function in A549 cells. Method We screened for alternative-splicing events and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) after FSCN1 silence via RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq). FSCN1 immunoprecipitation followed by RNA-seq were used to identify target genes whose mRNA expression and pre-mRNA alternative-splicing levels might be influenced by FSCN1. Results Silencing FSCN1 in A549 cells affected malignant phenotypes; it inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion, and promoted apoptosis. RNA-seq analysis revealed 2,851 DEGs and 3,057 alternatively spliced genes. Gene ontology-based functional enrichment analysis showed that downregulated DEGs and alternatively splicing genes were enriched for the cell-cycle. FSCN1 promoted the alternative splicing of cell-cycle-related mRNAs involved in tumorigenesis (i.e., BCCIP, DLGAP5, PRC1, RECQL5, WTAP, and SGO1). Combined analysis of FSCN1 RNA-binding targets and RNA-seq data suggested that FSCN1 might affect ACTG1, KRT7, and PDE3A expression by modulating the pre-mRNA alternative-splicing levels of NME4, NCOR2, and EEF1D, that were bound to long non-coding RNA transcripts (RNASNHG20, NEAT1, NSD2, and FTH1), which were highly abundant. Overall, extensive transcriptome analysis of gene alternative splicing and expression levels was performed in cells transfected with FSCN1 short-interfering RNA. Our data provide global insights into the regulatory mechanisms associated with the roles of FSCN1 and its target genes in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingchao Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinshi District, China
| | - Ruixue Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinshi District, China
| | - Haiping Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinshi District, China
| | - Liang Zong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinshi District, China
| | - Xiaoliang Jing
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinshi District, China
| | - Long Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinshi District, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinshi District, China
| | - Liwei Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinshi District, China
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Hayashi Y, Yamamoto Y, Murakami I. Micromorphological observation of HLE cells under knockdown of Fascin using LV-SEM. Med Mol Morphol 2023; 56:257-265. [PMID: 37526656 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-023-00362-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Liver cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers in Japan with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) as the major histological subtype. Successful novel treatments for HCC have been reported; however, recurrences or metastasis may occur, which results in poor prognoses and high mortality of HCC patients. Fascin, an actin-bundling protein, regulates cell adhesion, migration, and invasion. Its overexpression positively correlates with poor prognosis of malignant tumors, and Fascin is considered as one of the tumor biomarkers and therapeutic target proteins. In this study, we attempted to reveal the relationship between Fascin and HCC using HLE, one of the human HCC cell lines. We performed the study with classical immunocytochemistry and recently developed techniques, such as wound-healing assay, spheroid cultivation, and low-vacuum scanning electron microscopy (LV-SEM). Non-Fascin-knockdown (FKD) cell spheroid had a regular spherical appearance with tight cell-cell connections, while FKD cell spheroid had an irregular shape with loose cell-cell connections. Cells of non-FKD spheroid presented fibrous protrusions on the cell surface, contrarily, cells of FKD spheroids showed bulbous-shaped protrusions. Morphological observation of FKD and non-FKD HLE spheroids were performed using LV-SEM. Our study may help to reveal the roles of Fascin in the process of HCC formation and its malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Hayashi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kochi University, 185-1, Kohasu, Oko-Cho, Nankoku, 783-8505, Japan
- Equipment of Support Planning Office, Kochi University, 185-1, Kohasu, Oko-Cho, Nankoku, 783-8505, Japan
| | - Yumiko Yamamoto
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kochi University Hospital, Kochi University, 185-1, Kohasu, Oko-Cho, Nankoku, 783-8505, Japan.
| | - Ichiro Murakami
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kochi University, 185-1, Kohasu, Oko-Cho, Nankoku, 783-8505, Japan
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kochi University Hospital, Kochi University, 185-1, Kohasu, Oko-Cho, Nankoku, 783-8505, Japan
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Liu J, Wang Z, Zhou J, Wang J, He X, Wang J. Role of steroid receptor-associated and regulated protein in tumor progression and progesterone receptor signaling in endometrial cancer. Chin Med J (Engl) 2023; 136:2576-2586. [PMID: 37144734 PMCID: PMC10617922 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Steroid receptor-associated and regulated protein (SRARP) suppresses tumor progression and modulates steroid receptor signaling by interacting with estrogen receptors and androgen receptors in breast cancer. In endometrial cancer (EC), progesterone receptor (PR) signaling is crucial for responsiveness to progestin therapy. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of SRARP in tumor progression and PR signaling in EC. METHODS Ribonucleic acid sequencing data from the Cancer Genome Atlas, Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium, and Gene Expression Omnibus were used to analyze the clinical significance of SRARP and its correlation with PR expression in EC. The correlation between SRARP and PR expression was validated in EC samples obtained from Peking University People's Hospital. SRARP function was investigated by lentivirus-mediated overexpression in Ishikawa and HEC-50B cells. Cell Counting Kit-8 assays, cell cycle analyses, wound healing assays, and Transwell assays were used to evaluate cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Western blotting and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were used to evaluate gene expression. The effects of SRARP on the regulation of PR signaling were determined by co-immunoprecipitation, PR response element (PRE) luciferase reporter assay, and PR downstream gene detection. RESULTS Higher SRARP expression was significantly associated with better overall survival and disease-free survival and less aggressive EC types. SRARP overexpression suppressed growth, migration, and invasion in EC cells, increased E-cadherin expression, and decreased N-cadherin and Wnt family member 7A ( WNT7A ) expression. SRARP expression was positively correlated with PR expression in EC tissues. In SRARP -overexpressing cells, PR isoform B (PRB) was upregulated and SRARP bound to PRB. Significant increases in PRE-based luciferase activity and expression levels of PR target genes were observed in response to medroxyprogesterone acetate. CONCLUSIONS This study illustrates that SRARP exerts a tumor-suppressive effect by inhibiting the epithelial-mesenchymal transition via Wnt signaling in EC. In addition, SRARP positively modulates PR expression and interacts with PR to regulate PR downstream target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
- Central Laboratory and Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Zhiqi Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Jingyi Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Xiangjun He
- Central Laboratory and Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Jianliu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
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Yang D, Kuang T, Zhou Y, Su Y, Shen J, Yu B, Zhao K, Ding Y. Tumor-associated endothelial cell prognostic risk model and tumor immune environment modulation in liver cancer based on single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing: Experimental verification. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 124:110870. [PMID: 37690233 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To build a prognostic and immunotherapeutic response prediction model for liver cancer based on marker genes of tumor-associated endothelial cell (TEC). METHOD Single cell sequencing data from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) liver cancer patients were utilized to identify TEC subpopulations. Models were built from transcriptomic and clinical data of TCGA liver cancer patients. The GSE76427 and ICGC databases were used as independent validation sets. Time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and Kaplan-Meier curves were used to verify the ability of the model to predict survival. XCELL, TIMER, QUANTISEQ, CIBERSORT, CIBERSORT-ABS, and ssGSEA were applied to evaluate tumor immune cell infiltration. The TIDE score was used to predict the effect of immunotherapy. Immune blockade checkpoint gene, tumor mutational load and GSVA enrichment analyses were further explored. The expression levels of candidate genes were measured and validated by real-time PCR between liver cancer tissues and adjacent nontumor liver tissues. RESULTS Eighty-seven genes were identified as marker genes for TECs. IGFBP3, RHOC, S100A16, FSCN1, and CLEC3B were included in the constructed prognostic model. Time-dependent ROC curve values were higher than 0.700 in both the model and validation groups. The low risk group exhibited high immune cell infiltration and function than the higher risk group. The TIDE score indicated that the low-risk group benefited more from immunotherapy than the high-risk group. The risk score and multiple immune blockade checkpoint genes and immune-related pathways were strongly correlated. CONCLUSION Novel signatures of TEC marker genes showed a powerful ability to predict prognosis and immunotherapy response in patients with liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dashuai Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 99 Zhangzhidong Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430060, China.
| | - Tianrui Kuang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 99 Zhangzhidong Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430060, China.
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 99 Zhangzhidong Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430060, China.
| | - Yang Su
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College in Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China.
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 99 Zhangzhidong Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430060, China.
| | - Bin Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 99 Zhangzhidong Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430060, China.
| | - Kailiang Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 99 Zhangzhidong Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430060, China.
| | - Youming Ding
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 99 Zhangzhidong Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430060, China.
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11
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Wang Y, Popovic Z, Charkoftaki G, Garcia-Milian R, Lam TT, Thompson DC, Chen Y, Vasiliou V. Multi-omics profiling reveals cellular pathways and functions regulated by ALDH1B1 in colon cancer cells. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 384:110714. [PMID: 37716420 PMCID: PMC10807983 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Colon cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death globally. Although early screenings and advances in treatments have reduced mortality since 1970, identification of novel targets for therapeutic intervention is needed to address tumor heterogeneity and recurrence. Previous work identified aldehyde dehydrogenase 1B1 (ALDH1B1) as a critical factor in colon tumorigenesis. To investigate further, we utilized a human colon adenocarcinoma cell line (SW480) in which the ALDH1B1 protein expression has been knocked down by 80% via shRNA. Through multi-omics (transcriptomics, proteomics, and untargeted metabolomics) analysis, we identified the impact of ALDH1B1 knocking down (KD) on molecular signatures in colon cancer cells. Suppression of ALDH1B1 expression resulted in 357 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 191 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and 891 differentially altered metabolites (DAMs). Functional annotation and enrichment analyses revealed that: (1) DEGs were enriched in integrin-linked kinase (ILK) signaling and growth and development pathways; (2) DEPs were mainly involved in apoptosis signaling and cellular stress response pathways; and (3) DAMs were associated with biosynthesis, intercellular and second messenger signaling. Collectively, the present study provides new molecular information associated with the cellular functions of ALDH1B1, which helps to direct future investigation of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yewei Wang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Zeljka Popovic
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Georgia Charkoftaki
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Rolando Garcia-Milian
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA; Bioinformatics Support Program, Cushing/Whitney Medical Library, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - TuKiet T Lam
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Keck MS & Proteomics Resource, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David C Thompson
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Vasilis Vasiliou
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA.
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12
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Rajan S, Yoon J, Wu H, Srapyan S, Baskar R, Ahmed G, Yang T, Grintsevich EE, Reisler E, Terman JR. Disassembly of bundled F-actin and cellular remodeling via an interplay of Mical, cofilin, and F-actin crosslinkers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2309955120. [PMID: 37725655 PMCID: PMC10523612 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2309955120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular form and function are controlled by the assembly and stability of actin cytoskeletal structures-but disassembling/pruning these structures is equally essential for the plasticity and remodeling that underlie behavioral adaptations. Importantly, the mechanisms of actin assembly have been well-defined-including that it is driven by actin's polymerization into filaments (F-actin) and then often bundling by crosslinking proteins into stable higher-order structures. In contrast, it remains less clear how these stable bundled F-actin structures are rapidly disassembled. We now uncover mechanisms that rapidly and extensively disassemble bundled F-actin. Using biochemical, structural, and imaging assays with purified proteins, we show that F-actin bundled with one of the most prominent crosslinkers, fascin, is extensively disassembled by Mical, the F-actin disassembly enzyme. Furthermore, the product of this Mical effect, Mical-oxidized actin, is poorly bundled by fascin, thereby further amplifying Mical's disassembly effects on bundled F-actin. Moreover, another critical F-actin regulator, cofilin, also affects fascin-bundled filaments, but we find herein that it synergizes with Mical to dramatically amplify its disassembly of bundled F-actin compared to the sum of their individual effects. Genetic and high-resolution cellular assays reveal that Mical also counteracts crosslinking proteins/bundled F-actin in vivo to control cellular extension, axon guidance, and Semaphorin/Plexin cell-cell repulsion. Yet, our results also support the idea that fascin-bundling serves to dampen Mical's F-actin disassembly in vitro and in vivo-and that physiologically relevant cellular remodeling requires a fine-tuned interplay between the factors that build bundled F-actin networks and those that disassemble them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeepa Rajan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Jimok Yoon
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas of Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas of Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
| | - Heng Wu
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas of Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas of Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
| | - Sargis Srapyan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Long Beach, CA90840
| | - Raju Baskar
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas of Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas of Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
| | - Giasuddin Ahmed
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas of Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas of Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
| | - Taehong Yang
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas of Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas of Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
| | - Elena E. Grintsevich
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Long Beach, CA90840
| | - Emil Reisler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Jonathan R. Terman
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas of Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas of Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390
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13
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Bai W, Ren JS, Xia M, Zhao Y, Ding JJ, Chen X, Jiang Q. Targeting FSCN1 with an oral small-molecule inhibitor for treating ocular neovascularization. J Transl Med 2023; 21:555. [PMID: 37596693 PMCID: PMC10436462 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04225-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ocular neovascularization is a leading cause of blindness and visual impairment. While intravitreal anti-VEGF agents can be effective, they do have several drawbacks, such as endophthalmitis and drug resistance. Additional studies are necessary to explore alternative therapeutic targets. METHODS Bioinformatics analysis and quantitative RT-PCR were used to detect and verify the FSCN1 expression levels in oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) and laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) mice model. Transwell, wound scratching, tube formation, three-dimensional bead sprouting assay, rhodamine-phalloidin staining, Isolectin B4 staining and immunofluorescent staining were conducted to detect the role of FSCN1 and its oral inhibitor NP-G2-044 in vivo and vitro. HPLC-MS/MS analysis, cell apoptosis assay, MTT assay, H&E and tunnel staining, visual electrophysiology testing, visual cliff test and light/dark transition test were conducted to assess the pharmacokinetic and security of NP-G2-044 in vivo and vitro. Co-Immunoprecipitation, qRT-PCR and western blot were conducted to reveal the mechanism of FSCN1 and NP-G2-044 mediated pathological ocular neovascularization. RESULTS We discovered that Fascin homologue 1 (FSCN1) is vital for angiogenesis both in vitro and in vivo, and that it is highly expressed in oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) and laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV). We found that NP-G2-044, a small-molecule inhibitor of FSCN1 with oral activity, can impede the sprouting, migration, and filopodia formation of cultured endothelial cells. Oral NP-G2-044 can effectively and safely curb the development of OIR and CNV, and increase efficacy while overcoming anti-VEGF resistance in combination with intravitreal aflibercept (Eylea) injection. CONCLUSION Collectively, FSCN1 inhibition could serve as a promising therapeutic approach to block ocular neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Bai
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun-Song Ren
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Xia
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ya Zhao
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing-Juan Ding
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xi Chen
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qin Jiang
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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14
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Li L, Chen L, Li Z, Huang S, Chen Y, Li Z, Chen W. FSCN1 promotes proliferation, invasion and glycolysis via the IRF4/AKT signaling pathway in oral squamous cell carcinoma. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:519. [PMID: 37491232 PMCID: PMC10369755 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03191-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a disease with increasing incidence worldwide that leads to deformity and death. In OSCC, fascin actin-bundling protein 1 (FSCN1) is an oncogene involved in the tumorigenesis process. However, the functions and potential mechanisms of FSCN1 in the OSCC tumorigenesis process have not been reported thus far. METHODS We used qRT‒PCR to detect the expression of FSCN1 in 40 paired OSCC tumor tissues (tumor) and neighboring noncancerous tissues. The role of FSCN1 was also assessed in vitro through colony formation, CCK-8, and transwell assays. Moreover, glucose consumption was detected. Western blotting was used to confirm the interaction of FSCN1, IRF4 and AKT. RESULTS FSCN1 was remarkably overexpressed in OSCC tissues and cell lines compared to corresponding controls. In addition, colony formation, CCK-8, and transwell assays revealed a notable reduction in OSCC growth and invasion when FSCN1 was silenced. FSCN1 silencing remarkably suppressed OSCC glycolysis. Mechanistic studies showed that FSCN1 achieves its function partially by activating interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) and the AKT pathway in OSCC. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our study investigated the functions and mechanisms of the FSCN1/IRF4/AKT pathway in OSCC progression. In OSCC, FSCN1 is likely to be a biomarker and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Li
- Department of Stomatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Lihui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Zhangwei Li
- Department of Stomatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Shiqin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yaoyao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
| | - Wenkuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
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15
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Sarantelli E, Mourkakis A, Zacharia LC, Stylianou A, Gkretsi V. Fascin-1 in Cancer Cell Metastasis: Old Target-New Insights. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11253. [PMID: 37511011 PMCID: PMC10379093 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
As metastasis is responsible for most cancer-related deaths, understanding the cellular and molecular events that lead to cancer cell migration and invasion will certainly provide insights into novel anti-metastatic therapeutic targets. Fascin-1 is an actin-bundling protein fundamental to all physiological or pathological processes that require cell migration. It is responsible for cross-linking actin microfilaments during the formation of actin-rich cellular structures at the leading edge of migrating cells such as filopodia, lamellipodia and invadopodia. While most epithelial tissues express low levels of Fascin-1, it is dramatically elevated in the majority of cancers and its expression has been associated with more aggressive disease and decreased overall survival. Hence, it has been proposed as a potential anti-cancer target. In the present review, we studied recent literature with regard to Fascin-1 expression in different cancers, its role in altering the mechanical properties of cancer cells, promoting cancer cell migration, invasion and metastasis and the effect of its inhibition, via various pharmacological inhibitors, in eliminating metastasis in vitro and/or in vivo. Recent studies corroborate the notion that Fascin-1 is critically involved in metastasis and prove that it is a valuable anti-metastatic target that is worth investigating further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Sarantelli
- Biological Sciences Program, Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia 2404, Cyprus
| | - Apostolis Mourkakis
- Cancer Metastasis and Adhesion Laboratory, Basic and Translational Cancer Research Center (BTCRC), European University Cyprus, Nicosia 2404, Cyprus
| | - Lefteris C Zacharia
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia 2417, Cyprus
| | - Andreas Stylianou
- Cancer Mechanobiology and Applied Biophysics Laboratory, Basic and Translational Cancer Research Center (BTCRC), European University Cyprus, Nicosia 2404, Cyprus
| | - Vasiliki Gkretsi
- Cancer Metastasis and Adhesion Laboratory, Basic and Translational Cancer Research Center (BTCRC), European University Cyprus, Nicosia 2404, Cyprus
- Biomedical Sciences Program , Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia 2404, Cyprus
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16
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Inchakalody VP, Hydrose SP, Krishnankutty R, Merhi M, Therachiyil L, Sasidharan Nair V, Elashi AA, Khan AQ, Taleb S, Raza A, Yoosuf ZSKM, Fernandes Q, Al-Zaidan L, Mestiri S, Taib N, Bedhiafi T, Moustafa D, Assami L, Maalej KM, Elkord E, Uddin S, Al Homsi U, Dermime S. The molecular mechanisms of apoptosis accompanied with the epigenetic regulation of the NY-ESO-1 antigen in non-small lung cancer cells treated with decitabine (5-aza-CdR). Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 945:175612. [PMID: 36822455 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulated epigenetic modifications are common in lung cancer but have been reversed using demethylating agent like 5-Aza-CdR. 5-Aza-CdR induces/upregulates the NY-ESO-1 antigen in lung cancer. Therefore, we investigated the molecular mechanisms accompanied with the epigenetic regulation of NY-ESO-1 in 5-Aza-CdR-treated NCI-H1975 cell line. We showed significant induction of the NY-ESO-1 protein (**p < 0.0097) using Cellular ELISA. Bisulfite-sequencing demonstrated 45.6% demethylation efficiency at the NY-ESO-1 gene promoter region and RT-qPCR analysis confirmed the significant induction of NY-ESO-1 at mRNA level (128-fold increase, *p < 0.050). We then investigated the mechanism by which 5-Aza-CdR inhibits cell proliferation in the NCI-H1975 cell line. Upregulation of the death receptors TRAIL (2.04-fold *p < 0.011) and FAS (2.1-fold *p < 0.011) indicate activation of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway. The upregulation of Voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 (1.9-fold), Major vault protein (1.8-fold), Bax (1.16-fold), and Cytochrome C (1.39-fold) indicate the activation of the intrinsic pathway. We also observed the differential expression of protein Complement C3 (3.3-fold), Destrin (-5.1-fold), Vimentin (-1.7-fold), Peroxiredoxin 4 (-1.6-fold), Fascin (-1.8-fold), Heme oxygenase-2 (-0.67-fold**p < 0.0055), Hsp27 (-0.57-fold**p < 0.004), and Hsp70 (-0.39-fold **p < 0.001), indicating reduced cell growth, cell migration, and metastasis. The upregulation of 40S ribosomal protein S9 (3-fold), 40S ribosomal protein S15 (4.2-fold), 40S ribosomal protein S18 (2.5-fold), and 60S ribosomal protein L22 (4.4-fold) implied the induction of translation machinery. These results reiterate the decisive role of 5-Aza-CdR in lung cancer treatment since it induces the epigenetic regulation of NY-ESO-1 antigen, inhibits cell proliferation, increases apoptosis, and decreases invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varghese P Inchakalody
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Translational Cancer Research Facility, Interim Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shereena P Hydrose
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Translational Cancer Research Facility, Interim Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Roopesh Krishnankutty
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Maysaloun Merhi
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Translational Cancer Research Facility, Interim Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Lubna Therachiyil
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; College of Pharmacy, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Varun Sasidharan Nair
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Germany
| | - Asma A Elashi
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdul Q Khan
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sara Taleb
- Genomics and Precision Medicine, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Afsheen Raza
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Translational Cancer Research Facility, Interim Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Zeenath Safira K M Yoosuf
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, Interim Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Queenie Fernandes
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, Interim Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Lobna Al-Zaidan
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Translational Cancer Research Facility, Interim Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sarra Mestiri
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Translational Cancer Research Facility, Interim Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nassiba Taib
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Translational Cancer Research Facility, Interim Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Takwa Bedhiafi
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Translational Cancer Research Facility, Interim Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Dina Moustafa
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Translational Cancer Research Facility, Interim Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Laila Assami
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Translational Cancer Research Facility, Interim Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Karama Makni Maalej
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Translational Cancer Research Facility, Interim Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Eyad Elkord
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Oman; Biomedical Research Center, School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Manchester, UK
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Translational Research Institute and Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ussama Al Homsi
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Translational Cancer Research Facility, Interim Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Said Dermime
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Translational Cancer Research Facility, Interim Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
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17
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Esmaeilniakooshkghazi A, Pham E, George SP, Ahrorov A, Villagomez FR, Byington M, Mukhopadhyay S, Patnaik S, Conrad JC, Naik M, Ravi S, Tebbutt N, Mooi J, Reehorst CM, Mariadason JM, Khurana S. In colon cancer cells fascin1 regulates adherens junction remodeling. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22786. [PMID: 36786724 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201454r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Adherens junctions (AJs) are a defining feature of all epithelial cells. They regulate epithelial tissue architecture and integrity, and their dysregulation is a key step in tumor metastasis. AJ remodeling is crucial for cancer progression, and it plays a key role in tumor cell survival, growth, and dissemination. Few studies have examined AJ remodeling in cancer cells consequently, it remains poorly understood and unleveraged in the treatment of metastatic carcinomas. Fascin1 is an actin-bundling protein that is absent from the normal epithelium but its expression in colon cancer is linked to metastasis and increased mortality. Here, we provide the molecular mechanism of AJ remodeling in colon cancer cells and identify for the first time, fascin1's function in AJ remodeling. We show that in colon cancer cells fascin1 remodels junctional actin and actomyosin contractility which makes AJs less stable but more dynamic. By remodeling AJs fascin1 drives mechanoactivation of WNT/β-catenin signaling and generates "collective plasticity" which influences the behavior of cells during cell migration. The impact of mechanical inputs on WNT/β-catenin activation in cancer cells remains poorly understood. Our findings highlight the role of AJ remodeling and mechanosensitive WNT/β-catenin signaling in the growth and dissemination of colorectal carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric Pham
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sudeep P George
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Afzal Ahrorov
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Fabian R Villagomez
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Michael Byington
- Department of Chemical and Bimolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Srijita Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Srinivas Patnaik
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jacinta C Conrad
- Department of Chemical and Bimolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Monali Naik
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Saathvika Ravi
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Niall Tebbutt
- Gastrointestinal Cancers Programs, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, and La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jennifer Mooi
- Gastrointestinal Cancers Programs, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, and La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Camilla M Reehorst
- Gastrointestinal Cancers Programs, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, and La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - John M Mariadason
- Gastrointestinal Cancers Programs, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, and La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Seema Khurana
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.,School of Health Professions, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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18
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Leonov S, Inyang O, Achkasov K, Bogdan E, Kontareva E, Chen Y, Fu Y, Osipov AN, Pustovalova M, Merkher Y. Proteomic Markers for Mechanobiological Properties of Metastatic Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054773. [PMID: 36902201 PMCID: PMC10003476 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The major cause (more than 90%) of all cancer-related deaths is metastasis, thus its prediction can critically affect the survival rate. Metastases are currently predicted by lymph-node status, tumor size, histopathology and genetic testing; however, all these are not infallible, and obtaining results may require weeks. The identification of new potential prognostic factors will be an important source of risk information for the practicing oncologist, potentially leading to enhanced patient care through the proactive optimization of treatment strategies. Recently, the new mechanobiology-related techniques, independent of genetics, based on the mechanical invasiveness of cancer cells (microfluidic, gel indentation assays, migration assays etc.), demonstrated a high success rate for the detection of tumor cell metastasis propensity. However, they are still far away from clinical implementation due to complexity. Hence, the exploration of novel markers related to the mechanobiological properties of tumor cells may have a direct impact on the prognosis of metastasis. Our concise review deepens our knowledge of the factors that regulate cancer cell mechanotype and invasion, and incites further studies to develop therapeutics that target multiple mechanisms of invasion for improved clinical benefit. It may open a new clinical dimension that will improve cancer prognosis and increase the effectiveness of tumor therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Leonov
- School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Olumide Inyang
- School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Konstantin Achkasov
- School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Elizaveta Bogdan
- School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Elizaveta Kontareva
- School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Yongheng Chen
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics & State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Ying Fu
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics & State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Andreyan N. Osipov
- State Research Center—Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical-Biological Agency, 123098 Moscow, Russia
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Margarita Pustovalova
- School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
- State Research Center—Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical-Biological Agency, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia Merkher
- School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
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19
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Abstract
Cells use the actin cytoskeleton for many of their functions, including their division, adhesion, mechanosensing, endo- and phagocytosis, migration, and invasion. Actin bundles are the main constituent of actin-rich structures involved in these processes. An ever-increasing number of proteins that crosslink actin into bundles or regulate their morphology is being identified in cells. With recent advances in high-resolution microscopy and imaging techniques, the complex process of bundles formation and the multiple forms of physiological bundles are beginning to be better understood. Here, we review the physiochemical and biological properties of four families of highly conserved and abundant actin-bundling proteins, namely, α-actinin, fimbrin/plastin, fascin, and espin. We describe the similarities and differences between these proteins, their role in the formation of physiological actin bundles, and their properties-both related and unrelated to their bundling abilities. We also review some aspects of the general mechanism of actin bundles formation, which are known from the available information on the activity of the key actin partners involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeepa Rajan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Dmitri S. Kudryashov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Emil Reisler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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20
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Hassan HHA, Ismail MI, Abourehab MAS, Boeckler FM, Ibrahim TM, Arafa RK. In Silico Targeting of Fascin Protein for Cancer Therapy: Benchmarking, Virtual Screening and Molecular Dynamics Approaches. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031296. [PMID: 36770963 PMCID: PMC9921211 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Fascin is an actin-bundling protein overexpressed in various invasive metastatic carcinomas through promoting cell migration and invasion. Therefore, blocking Fascin binding sites is considered a vital target for antimetastatic drugs. This inspired us to find new Fascin binding site blockers. First, we built an active compound set by collecting reported small molecules binding to Fascin's binding site 2. Consequently, a high-quality decoys set was generated employing DEKOIS 2.0 protocol to be applied in conducting the benchmarking analysis against the selected Fascin structures. Four docking programs, MOE, AutoDock Vina, VinaXB, and PLANTS were evaluated in the benchmarking study. All tools indicated better-than-random performance reflected by their pROC-AUC values against the Fascin crystal structure (PDB: ID 6I18). Interestingly, PLANTS exhibited the best screening performance and recognized potent actives at early enrichment. Accordingly, PLANTS was utilized in the prospective virtual screening effort for repurposing FDA-approved drugs (DrugBank database) and natural products (NANPDB). Further assessment via molecular dynamics simulations for 100 ns endorsed Remdesivir (DrugBank) and NANPDB3 (NANPDB) as potential binders to Fascin binding site 2. In conclusion, this study delivers a model for implementing a customized DEKOIS 2.0 benchmark set to enhance the VS success rate against new potential targets for cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba H. A. Hassan
- Drug Design and Discovery Laboratory, Zewail City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, 6th of October City, Giza 12578, Egypt
| | - Muhammad I. Ismail
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Al-Sherouk City, Cairo-Suez Desert Road, Cairo 11837, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A. S. Abourehab
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Frank M. Boeckler
- Lab for Molecular Design and Pharmaceutical Biophysics, Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tamer M. Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
- Correspondence: or (T.M.I.); (R.K.A.)
| | - Reem K. Arafa
- Drug Design and Discovery Laboratory, Zewail City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, 6th of October City, Giza 12578, Egypt
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, 6th of October City, Giza 12578, Egypt
- Correspondence: or (T.M.I.); (R.K.A.)
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21
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Hymel E, Fisher KW, Farazi PA. Differential methylation patterns in lean and obese non-alcoholic steatohepatitis-associated hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:1276. [PMID: 36474183 PMCID: PMC9727966 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10389-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease affects about 24% of the world's population and may progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). While more common in those that are obese, NASH-HCC can develop in lean individuals. The mechanisms by which HCC develops and the role of epigenetic changes in the context of obesity and normal weight are not well understood. METHODS In this study, we used previously generated mouse models of lean and obese HCC using a choline deficient/high trans-fat/fructose/cholesterol diet and a choline supplemented/high trans-fat/fructose/cholesterol diet, respectively, to evaluate methylation differences in HCC progression in lean versus obese mice. Differentially methylated regions were determined using reduced representation bisulfite sequencing. RESULTS A larger number of differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were seen in NASH-HCC progression in the obese mice compared to the non-obese mice. No overlap existed in the DMRs with the largest methylation differences between the two models. In lean NASH-HCC, methylation differences were seen in genes involved with cancer progression and prognosis (including HCC), such as CHCHD2, FSCN1, and ZDHHC12, and lipid metabolism, including PNPLA6 and LDLRAP1. In obese NASH- HCC, methylation differences were seen in genes known to be associated with HCC, including RNF217, GJA8, PTPRE, PSAPL1, and LRRC8D. Genes involved in Wnt-signaling pathways were enriched in hypomethylated DMRs in the obese NASH-HCC. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that differential methylation may play a role in hepatocarcinogenesis in lean versus obese NASH. Hypomethylation of Wnt signaling pathway-related genes in obese mice may drive progression of HCC, while progression of HCC in lean mice may be driven through other signaling pathways, including lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Hymel
- grid.266813.80000 0001 0666 4105Department of Epidemiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 984395 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-4395 USA
| | - Kurt W. Fisher
- grid.266813.80000 0001 0666 4105Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
| | - Paraskevi A. Farazi
- grid.266813.80000 0001 0666 4105Department of Epidemiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 984395 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-4395 USA
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22
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Zhang ZD, Li RR, Chen JY, Huang HX, Cheng YW, Xu LY, Li EM. The post-translational modification of Fascin: impact on cell biology and its associations with inhibiting tumor metastasis. Amino Acids 2022; 54:1541-1552. [PMID: 35939077 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-022-03193-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The post-translational modifications (PTMs), which are crucial in the regulation of protein functions, have great potential as biomarkers of cancer status. Fascin (Fascin actin-bundling protein 1, FSCN1), a key protein in the formation of filopodia that is structurally based on actin filaments (F-actin), is significantly associated with tumor invasion and metastasis. Studies have revealed various regulatory mechanisms of human Fascin, including PTMs. Although a number of Fascin PTM sites have been identified, their exact functions and clinical significance are much less explored. This review explores studies on the functions of Fascin and briefly discusses the regulatory mechanisms of Fascin. Next, to review the role of Fascin PTMs in cell biology and their associations with metastatic disease, we discuss the advances in the characterization of Fascin PTMs, including phosphorylation, ubiquitination, sumoylation, and acetylation, and the main regulatory mechanisms are discussed. Fascin PTMs may be potential targets for therapy for metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Da Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, No. 22, Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Rong-Rong Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, No. 22, Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia-You Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, No. 22, Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong-Xin Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, No. 22, Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Yin-Wei Cheng
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, No. 22, Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
- Institute of Basic Medical Science, Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Li-Yan Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, No. 22, Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
- Institute of Basic Medical Science, Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - En-Min Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, No. 22, Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
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23
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Wei Z, Zhou Y, Wang R, Wang J, Chen Z. Aptamers as Smart Ligands for Targeted Drug Delivery in Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122561. [PMID: 36559056 PMCID: PMC9781707 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Undesirable side effects and multidrug tolerance are the main holdbacks to the treatment of cancer in conventional chemotherapy. Fortunately, targeted drug delivery can improve the enrichment of drugs at the target site and reduce toxicity to normal tissues and cells. A targeted drug delivery system is usually composed of a nanocarrier and a targeting component. The targeting component is called a "ligand". Aptamers have high target affinity and specificity, which are identified as attractive and promising ligands. Therefore, aptamers have potential application in the development of smart targeting systems. For instance, aptamers are able to efficiently recognize tumor markers such as nucleolin, mucin, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Besides, aptamers can also identify glycoproteins on the surface of tumor cells. Thus, the aptamer-mediated targeted drug delivery system has received extensive attention in the application of cancer therapy. This article reviews the application of aptamers as smart ligands for targeted drug delivery in cancer therapy. Special interest is focused on aptamers as smart ligands, aptamer-conjugated nanocarriers, aptamer targeting strategy for tumor microenvironment (TME), and aptamers that are specified to crucial cancer biomarkers for targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jin Wang
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (Z.C.); Tel.: +86-18616-819-730 (J.W.); +86-13767-154-425 (Z.C.)
| | - Zhenhua Chen
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (Z.C.); Tel.: +86-18616-819-730 (J.W.); +86-13767-154-425 (Z.C.)
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24
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Alexandrova A, Lomakina M. How does plasticity of migration help tumor cells to avoid treatment: Cytoskeletal regulators and potential markers. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:962652. [PMID: 36278174 PMCID: PMC9582651 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.962652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor shrinkage as a result of antitumor therapy is not the only and sufficient indicator of treatment success. Cancer progression leads to dissemination of tumor cells and formation of metastases - secondary tumor lesions in distant organs. Metastasis is associated with acquisition of mobile phenotype by tumor cells as a result of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and further cell migration based on cytoskeleton reorganization. The main mechanisms of individual cell migration are either mesenchymal, which depends on the activity of small GTPase Rac, actin polymerization, formation of adhesions with extracellular matrix and activity of proteolytic enzymes or amoeboid, which is based on the increase in intracellular pressure caused by the enhancement of actin cortex contractility regulated by Rho-ROCK-MLCKII pathway, and does not depend on the formation of adhesive structures with the matrix, nor on the activity of proteases. The ability of tumor cells to switch from one motility mode to another depending on cell context and environmental conditions, termed migratory plasticity, contributes to the efficiency of dissemination and often allows the cells to avoid the applied treatment. The search for new therapeutic targets among cytoskeletal proteins offers an opportunity to directly influence cell migration. For successful treatment it is important to assess the likelihood of migratory plasticity in a particular tumor. Therefore, the search for specific markers that can indicate a high probability of migratory plasticity is very important.
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25
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Zhang N, Gao Y, Bian Q, Wang Q, Shi Y, Zhao Z, Yu H. The role of fascin-1 in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of respiratory related cancers. Front Oncol 2022; 12:948110. [PMID: 36033434 PMCID: PMC9404296 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.948110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cancer statistics report that respiratory related cancers such as lung, laryngeal, oral and nasopharyngeal cancers account for a large proportion of tumors, and tumor metastasis remains the major reason for patient death. The metastasis of tumor cells requires actin cytoskeleton remodeling, in which fascin-1 plays an important role. Fascin-1 can cross-link F-actin microfilaments into bundles and form finger-like cell protrusions. Some studies have shown that fascin-1 is overexpressed in human tumors and is associated with tumor growth, migration and invasion. The role of fascin-1 in respiratory related cancers is not very clear. The main purpose of this study was to provide an updated literature review on the role of fascin-1 in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of respiratory related cancers. These studies suggested that fascin-1 can serve as an emerging biomarker and potential therapeutic target, and has attracted widespread attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naibin Zhang
- Department of biochemistry, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yankun Gao
- Department of biochemistry, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Qiang Bian
- Collaborative Innovation Center, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Department of biochemistry, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Ying Shi
- Department of biochemistry, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Zhankui Zhao
- The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Honglian Yu
- Department of biochemistry, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- *Correspondence: Honglian Yu,
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26
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Zeng F, Cheng Y, He J, Xu X, Liao L, Xu L, Li E. Fascin lysine 471 acetylation cooperates with serine 39 phosphorylation to inhibit actin-bundling activity and tumor metastasis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2022; 42:668-672. [PMID: 35514194 PMCID: PMC9257986 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fa‐Min Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041 P. R. China
- Department of Pathology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519000 P. R. China
| | - Yin‐Wei Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041 P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Institute of Basic Medical Science, Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041 P. R. China
| | - Jian‐Zhong He
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan AreaDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyShantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdong515041P. R. China
- Department of Pathologythe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityZhuhaiGuangdong519000P. R. China
| | - Xiu‐E Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan AreaDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyShantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdong515041P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular ImmunopathologyInstitute of Basic Medical ScienceCancer Research CenterShantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdong515041P. R. China
| | - Lian‐Di Liao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan AreaDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyShantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdong515041P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular ImmunopathologyInstitute of Basic Medical ScienceCancer Research CenterShantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdong515041P. R. China
| | - Li‐Yan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041 P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Institute of Basic Medical Science, Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041 P. R. China
| | - En‐Min Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041 P. R. China
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27
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Zeyn Y, Harms G, Tubbe I, Montermann E, Röhrig N, Hartmann M, Grabbe S, Bros M. Inhibitors of the Actin-Bundling Protein Fascin-1 Developed for Tumor Therapy Attenuate the T-Cell Stimulatory Properties of Dendritic Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112738. [PMID: 35681718 PMCID: PMC9179534 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Expression of the actin-bundling protein Fascin-1 (Fscn1) is largely restricted to neuronal cells and to activated dendritic cells (DCs). DCs are important inducers of (antitumor) immune responses. In tumor cells, de novo expression of Fscn-1 correlates with their invasive and metastatic activities. Pharmacological Fscn1 inhibitors, which are currently under clinical trials for tumor therapy, were demonstrated to counteract tumor metastasis. Within this study, we were interested in better understanding the effects of Fscn1 inhibitors on DCs and discovered that two distinct Fascin-1 inhibitors affect the immune-phenotype and T-cell stimulatory activity of DCs. Our results suggest that systemic application of Fscn1 inhibitors for tumor therapy may also modulate antitumor immune responses. Abstract Background: Stimulated dendritic cells (DCs), which constitute the most potent population of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), express the actin-bundling protein Fascin-1 (Fscn1). In tumor cells, de novo expression of Fscn1 correlates with their invasive and metastatic properties. Therefore, Fscn1 inhibitors have been developed to serve as antitumor agents. In this study, we were interested in better understanding the impact of Fscn1 inhibitors on DCs. Methods: In parallel settings, murine spleen cells and bone-marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs) were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide in the presence of Fscn1 inhibitors (NP-G2-044 and BDP-13176). An analysis of surface expression of costimulatory and coinhibitory receptors, as well as cytokine production, was performed by flow cytometry. Cytoskeletal alterations were assessed by confocal microscopy. The effects on the interactions of BMDCs with antigen-specific T cells were monitored by time lapse microscopy. The T-cell stimulatory and polarizing capacity of BMDCs were measured in proliferation assays and cytokine studies. Results: Administration of Fscn1 inhibitors diminished Fscn1 expression and the formation of dendritic processes by stimulated BMDCs and elevated CD273 (PD-L2) expression. Fscn1 inhibition attenuated the interaction of DCs with antigen-specific T cells and concomitant T-cell proliferation. Conclusions: Systemic administration of Fscn1 inhibitors for tumor therapy may also modulate DC-induced antitumor immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanira Zeyn
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (Y.Z.); (I.T.); (E.M.); (N.R.); (M.H.); (S.G.)
| | - Gregory Harms
- Cell Biology Unit, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
- Departments of Biology and Physics, Wilkes University, 84 W. South St., Wilkes Barre, PA 18766, USA
| | - Ingrid Tubbe
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (Y.Z.); (I.T.); (E.M.); (N.R.); (M.H.); (S.G.)
| | - Evelyn Montermann
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (Y.Z.); (I.T.); (E.M.); (N.R.); (M.H.); (S.G.)
| | - Nadine Röhrig
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (Y.Z.); (I.T.); (E.M.); (N.R.); (M.H.); (S.G.)
| | - Maike Hartmann
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (Y.Z.); (I.T.); (E.M.); (N.R.); (M.H.); (S.G.)
| | - Stephan Grabbe
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (Y.Z.); (I.T.); (E.M.); (N.R.); (M.H.); (S.G.)
| | - Matthias Bros
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (Y.Z.); (I.T.); (E.M.); (N.R.); (M.H.); (S.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-6131-17-9846
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Mercer-Smith AR, Buckley A, Valdivia A, Jiang W, Thang M, Bell N, Kumar RJ, Bomba HN, Woodell AS, Luo J, Floyd SR, Hingtgen SD. Next-generation Tumor-homing Induced Neural Stem Cells as an Adjuvant to Radiation for the Treatment of Metastatic Lung Cancer. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:2474-2493. [PMID: 35441348 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10375-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The spread of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to the leptomeninges is devastating with a median survival of only a few months. Radiation offers symptomatic relief, but new adjuvant therapies are desperately needed. Spheroidal, human induced neural stem cells (hiNeuroS) secreting the cytotoxic protein, TRAIL, have innate tumoritropic properties. Herein, we provide evidence that hiNeuroS-TRAIL cells can migrate to and suppress growth of NSCLC metastases in combination with radiation. In vitro cell tracking and post-mortem tissue analysis showed that hiNeuroS-TRAIL cells migrate to NSCLC tumors. Importantly, isobolographic analysis suggests that TRAIL with radiation has a synergistic cytotoxic effect on NSCLC tumors. In vivo, mice treated with radiation and hiNeuroS-TRAIL showed significant (36.6%) improvements in median survival compared to controls. Finally, bulk mRNA sequencing analysis showed both NSCLC and hiNeuroS-TRAIL cells showed changes in genes involved in migration following radiation. Overall, hiNeuroS-TRAIL cells +/- radiation have the capacity to treat NSCLC metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison R Mercer-Smith
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Andrew Buckley
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Alain Valdivia
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Wulin Jiang
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Morrent Thang
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Noah Bell
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Rashmi J Kumar
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Hunter N Bomba
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Alex S Woodell
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Jie Luo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Scott R Floyd
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Shawn D Hingtgen
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA. .,Department of Neurosurgery, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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29
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Lu L, Wan X, Xu Y, Chen J, Shu K, Lei T. Prognostic Factors for Recurrence in Pituitary Adenomas: Recent Progress and Future Directions. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12040977. [PMID: 35454025 PMCID: PMC9024548 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12040977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pituitary adenomas (PAs) are benign lesions; nonetheless, some PAs exhibit aggressive behaviors, which lead to recurrence. The impact of pituitary dysfunction, invasion-related risks, and other complications considerably affect the quality of life of patients with recurrent PAs. Reliable prognostic factors are needed for recurrent PAs but require confirmation. This review summarizes research progress on two aspects—namely, the clinical and biological factors (biomarkers) for recurrent PAs. Postoperative residue, age, immunohistological subtypes, invasion, tumor size, hormone levels, and postoperative radiotherapy can predict the risk of recurrence in patients with PAs. Additionally, biomarkers such as Ki-67, p53, cadherin, pituitary tumor transforming gene, matrix metalloproteinase-9, epidermal growth factor receptor, fascin actin-bundling protein 1, cyclooxygenase-2, and some miRNAs and lncRNAs may be utilized as valuable tools for predicting PA recurrence. As no single marker can independently predict PA recurrence, we introduce an array of comprehensive models and grading methods, including multiple prognostic factors, to predict the prognosis of PAs, which have shown good effectiveness and would be beneficial for predicting PA recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ting Lei
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-27-8366-5202
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30
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García-Padilla C, Muñoz-Gallardo MDM, Lozano-Velasco E, Castillo-Casas JM, Caño-Carrillo S, García-López V, Aránega A, Franco D, García-Martínez V, López-Sánchez C. New Insights into the Roles of lncRNAs as Modulators of Cytoskeleton Architecture and Their Implications in Cellular Homeostasis and in Tumorigenesis. Noncoding RNA 2022; 8:ncrna8020028. [PMID: 35447891 PMCID: PMC9033079 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna8020028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of the cytoskeleton not only in cell architecture but also as a pivotal element in the transduction of signals that mediate multiple biological processes has recently been highlighted. Broadly, the cytoskeleton consists of three types of structural proteins: (1) actin filaments, involved in establishing and maintaining cell shape and movement; (2) microtubules, necessary to support the different organelles and distribution of chromosomes during cell cycle; and (3) intermediate filaments, which have a mainly structural function showing specificity for the cell type where they are expressed. Interaction between these protein structures is essential for the cytoskeletal mesh to be functional. Furthermore, the cytoskeleton is subject to intense spatio-temporal regulation mediated by the assembly and disassembly of its components. Loss of cytoskeleton homeostasis and integrity of cell focal adhesion are hallmarks of several cancer types. Recently, many reports have pointed out that lncRNAs could be critical mediators in cellular homeostasis controlling dynamic structure and stability of the network formed by cytoskeletal structures, specifically in different types of carcinomas. In this review, we summarize current information available about the roles of lncRNAs as modulators of actin dependent cytoskeleton and their impact on cancer pathogenesis. Finally, we explore other examples of cytoskeletal lncRNAs currently unrelated to tumorigenesis, to illustrate knowledge about them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos García-Padilla
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (V.G.-L.); (V.G.-M.)
- Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (M.d.M.M.-G.); (J.M.C.-C.); (S.C.-C.); (A.A.); (D.F.)
- Correspondence: (C.G.-P.); (C.L.-S.)
| | - María del Mar Muñoz-Gallardo
- Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (M.d.M.M.-G.); (J.M.C.-C.); (S.C.-C.); (A.A.); (D.F.)
| | - Estefanía Lozano-Velasco
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (V.G.-L.); (V.G.-M.)
- Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (M.d.M.M.-G.); (J.M.C.-C.); (S.C.-C.); (A.A.); (D.F.)
- Fundación Medina, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Castillo-Casas
- Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (M.d.M.M.-G.); (J.M.C.-C.); (S.C.-C.); (A.A.); (D.F.)
| | - Sheila Caño-Carrillo
- Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (M.d.M.M.-G.); (J.M.C.-C.); (S.C.-C.); (A.A.); (D.F.)
| | - Virginio García-López
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (V.G.-L.); (V.G.-M.)
| | - Amelia Aránega
- Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (M.d.M.M.-G.); (J.M.C.-C.); (S.C.-C.); (A.A.); (D.F.)
- Fundación Medina, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Diego Franco
- Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (M.d.M.M.-G.); (J.M.C.-C.); (S.C.-C.); (A.A.); (D.F.)
- Fundación Medina, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Virginio García-Martínez
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (V.G.-L.); (V.G.-M.)
| | - Carmen López-Sánchez
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (V.G.-L.); (V.G.-M.)
- Correspondence: (C.G.-P.); (C.L.-S.)
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31
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Cai H, Wang R, Tang Z, Lu T, Cui Y. FSCN1 Promotes Esophageal Carcinoma Progression Through Downregulating PTK6 via its RNA-Binding Protein Effect. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:868296. [PMID: 35401239 PMCID: PMC8984143 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.868296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) causes many deaths worldwide every year. Fascin actin-bundling protein 1(FSCN1) has been reported to be a promoter of ESCC via its actin-binding function, however, its new role as an RNA-binding protein (RBP) has not been investigated. Here, we explored the RBP role of FSCN1 in the development of ESCC. Methods: Whole-genome expression sequencing was performed to screen for altered genes after FSCN1 knockdown. RNA immunoprecipitation was performed to determine the target mRNA of FSCN1 as an RBP. In vitro experiments with ECA-109 and KYSE-150 and ex vivo experiments in tumor-bearing mice were performed to investigate the effects of FSCN1 and Protein Tyrosine Kinase 6 (PTK6) on ESCC progression. Results: FSCN1 could downregulate mRNA and the protein level of PTK6. The binding position of PTK6 (PTK6-T2) pre-mRNA to FSCN1 was determined. PTK6-T2 blocked the binding between FSCN1 and the pre-mRNA of PTK6, and thus reversed the promotion effect of FSCN1 on ESCC tumor progression via the AKT/GSK3β signaling pathway. Conclusion: A novel effect of FSCN1, RBP-binding with the pre-mRNA of PTK6, was confirmed to play an important role in ESCC progression. PTK6-T2, which is a specific inhibitor of FSCN1 binding to the pre-mRNA of PTK6, could impede the development of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Cai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ze Tang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tianyu Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Youbin Cui
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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32
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Zhang ZD, Wen B, Li DJ, Deng DX, Wu XD, Cheng YW, Liao LD, Long L, Dong G, Xu LY, Li EM. AKT serine/threonine kinase 2-mediated phosphorylation of fascin threonine 403 regulates esophageal cancer progression. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2022; 145:106188. [PMID: 35219877 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2022.106188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Fascin is the main actin-bundling protein in filopodia and is highly expressed in metastatic tumor cells. The overexpression of Fascin has been associated with poor clinical prognosis and metastatic progression. Post-translational modifications of Fascin, such as phosphorylation, can affect the proliferation and invasion of tumor cells by regulating the actin-bundling activity of Fascin. However, the phosphorylation sites of Fascin and their corresponding kinases require further exploration. In the current study, we identified novel phosphorylation of Fascin Threonine 403 (Fascin-T403) mediated by AKT serine/threonine kinase 2 (AKT2), which was studied using mass spectrometry data from esophageal cancer tissues (iProX database: IPX0002501000). A molecular dynamics simulation revealed that Fascin-Threonine 403 phosphorylation (Fascin-T403D) had a distinct spatial structure and correlation of amino acid residues, which was different from that of the wild type (Fascin-WT). Low-speed centrifugation assay results showed that Fascin-T403D affected actin cross-linking. To investigate whether Fascin-T403D affected the function of esophageal cancer cells, either Fascin-WT or Fascin-T403D were rescued in Fascin-knockout or siRNA cell lines. We observed that Fascin-T403D could suppress the biological behavior of esophageal cancer cells, including filopodia formation, cell proliferation, and migration. Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and Duolink in situ proximity ligation assay (PLA) were performed to measure the interaction between Fascin and AKT2. Using in vitro and in vivo kinase assays, we confirmed that AKT2, but not AKT1 or AKT3, is an upstream kinase of Fascin Threonine 403. Taken together, the AKT2-catalyzed phosphorylation of Fascin Threonine 403 suppressed esophageal cancer cell behavior, actin-bundling activity, and filopodia formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Da Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Bing Wen
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China.
| | - Da-Jia Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China.
| | - Dan-Xia Deng
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xiao-Dong Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China; Institute of Basic Medical Science, Medical Bioinformatics Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yin-Wei Cheng
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China; Institute of Basic Medical Science, Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China.
| | - Lian-Di Liao
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China.
| | - Lin Long
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China; Institute of Basic Medical Science, Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China.
| | - Geng Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China; Institute of Basic Medical Science, Medical Bioinformatics Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China.
| | - Li-Yan Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
- Institute of Basic Medical Science, Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - En-Min Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
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Chen C, Xie B, Li Z, Chen L, Chen Y, Zhou J, Ju S, Zhou Y, Zhang X, Zhuo W, Yang J, Mao M, Xu L, Wang L. Fascin enhances the vulnerability of breast cancer to erastin-induced ferroptosis. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:150. [PMID: 35165254 PMCID: PMC8844358 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04579-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis, which is characterized by intracellular iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation, is a newly described form of regulated cell death that may play a key role in tumour suppression. In the present study, we investigated the expression profiles and biological effects of fascin actin-bundling protein 1 (Fascin, gene name FSCN1) in breast cancer. In addition, bioinformatics analysis of the TCGA cancer database and gain- and loss-of-function studies showed that Fascin enhances sensitivity to erastin-induced ferroptosis. Mechanistically, Fascin directly interacts with cysteine/glutamate transporter (xCT, gene name SLC7A11) and decreases its stability via the ubiquitin-mediated proteasome degradation pathway. Furthermore, we observed that Fascin is substantially upregulated in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cell lines, and drug-resistant cells were also more vulnerable to erastin-induced ferroptosis. Taken together, our findings reveal a previously unidentified role of Fascin in ferroptosis by regulating xCT. Thus, ferroptosis activation in breast cancer with high Fascin level may serve as a potential treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bojian Xie
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Surgical Oncology, Taizhou Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Zhaoqing Li
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lini Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongxia Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jichun Zhou
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Siwei Ju
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yulu Zhou
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xun Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenying Zhuo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Misha Mao
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Linbo Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China. .,Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
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Noguchi S, Tanimoto N, Nishida R, Matsui A. Functional analysis of the miR-145/Fascin1 cascade in canine oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Dis 2022; 29:1495-1504. [PMID: 35103365 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Canine oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) often develops in the gingiva and tonsils. The biological behaviour of canine oral SCC is similar to that of human head and neck SCC (HNSCC). Inhibiting invasion and metastasis is major importance for the treatment of canine and human HNSCC. In this study, the significance of microRNA (miR)-145 and Fascin1 (FSCN1) in the invasion of canine oral SCC was explored. MATERIALS AND METHODS Canine oral SCC tissues and cell lines were used for miR-145 and FSCN1 expression analysis via real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. Canine oral SCC cell lines were used for in vitro assays. RESULTS miR-145 was downregulated while FSCN1 mRNA was upregulated in canine oral SCC. Immunohistochemistry revealed that FSCN1 was upregulated in SCC when compared to normal mucosa. Transfection of canine SCC cells with miR-145 or FSCN1 siRNA suppressed cell growth and attenuated cell migration as well as invasion by inhibiting the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Furthermore, the promoter region of miR-145 was highly methylated in SCC cell lines and tissues. CONCLUSION The expression profile and functions of miR-145 in canine oral SCC are similar to those in human HNSCC. Thus, canine oral SCC may represent a valuable preclinical model for human HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Noguchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Radiology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku Ourai Kita, Izumisano-shi, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan
| | - Nanami Tanimoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Radiology, College of Life, Environment, and Advanced Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku Ourai Kita, Izumisano-shi, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan
| | - Ruisa Nishida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Radiology, College of Life, Environment, and Advanced Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku Ourai Kita, Izumisano-shi, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan
| | - Asuka Matsui
- Laboratory of Veterinary Radiology, College of Life, Environment, and Advanced Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku Ourai Kita, Izumisano-shi, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan
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35
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Yun BD, Choi YJ, Son SW, Cipolla GA, Berti FCB, Malheiros D, Oh TJ, Kuh HJ, Choi SY, Park JK. Oncogenic Role of Exosomal Circular and Long Noncoding RNAs in Gastrointestinal Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020930. [PMID: 35055115 PMCID: PMC8781283 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are differentially expressed in gastrointestinal cancers. These noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) regulate a variety of cellular activities by physically interacting with microRNAs and proteins and altering their activity. It has also been suggested that exosomes encapsulate circRNAs and lncRNAs in cancer cells. Exosomes are then discharged into the extracellular environment, where they are taken up by other cells. As a result, exosomal ncRNA cargo is critical for cell-cell communication within the cancer microenvironment. Exosomal ncRNAs can regulate a range of events, such as angiogenesis, metastasis, immune evasion, drug resistance, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. To set the groundwork for developing novel therapeutic strategies against gastrointestinal malignancies, a thorough understanding of circRNAs and lncRNAs is required. In this review, we discuss the function and intrinsic features of oncogenic circRNAs and lncRNAs that are enriched within exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ba Da Yun
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research, Institute for Bioscience & Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 24252, Korea; (B.D.Y.); (Y.J.C.); (S.W.S.); (S.Y.C.)
| | - Ye Ji Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research, Institute for Bioscience & Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 24252, Korea; (B.D.Y.); (Y.J.C.); (S.W.S.); (S.Y.C.)
| | - Seung Wan Son
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research, Institute for Bioscience & Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 24252, Korea; (B.D.Y.); (Y.J.C.); (S.W.S.); (S.Y.C.)
| | - Gabriel Adelman Cipolla
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 81531-990, Brazil; (G.A.C.); (F.C.B.B.); (D.M.)
| | - Fernanda Costa Brandão Berti
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 81531-990, Brazil; (G.A.C.); (F.C.B.B.); (D.M.)
| | - Danielle Malheiros
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 81531-990, Brazil; (G.A.C.); (F.C.B.B.); (D.M.)
| | - Tae-Jin Oh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Biotechnology, SunMoon University, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si 31460, Korea;
- Genome-Based BioIT Convergence Institute, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si 31460, Korea
| | - Hyo Jeong Kuh
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea;
| | - Soo Young Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research, Institute for Bioscience & Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 24252, Korea; (B.D.Y.); (Y.J.C.); (S.W.S.); (S.Y.C.)
| | - Jong Kook Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research, Institute for Bioscience & Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 24252, Korea; (B.D.Y.); (Y.J.C.); (S.W.S.); (S.Y.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-33-248-2114
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Rabelo-Fernández RJ, Santiago-Sánchez GS, Sharma RK, Roche-Lima A, Carrion KC, Rivera RAN, Quiñones-Díaz BI, Rajasekaran S, Siddiqui J, Miles W, Rivera YS, Valiyeva F, Vivas-Mejia PE. Reduced RBPMS Levels Promote Cell Proliferation and Decrease Cisplatin Sensitivity in Ovarian Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:535. [PMID: 35008958 PMCID: PMC8745614 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, the number of cancer-related deaths continues to increase due to the ability of cancer cells to become chemotherapy-resistant and metastasize. For women with ovarian cancer, a staggering 70% will become resistant to the front-line therapy, cisplatin. Although many mechanisms of cisplatin resistance have been proposed, the key mechanisms of such resistance remain elusive. The RNA binding protein with multiple splicing (RBPMS) binds to nascent RNA transcripts and regulates splicing, transport, localization, and stability. Evidence indicates that RBPMS also binds to protein members of the AP-1 transcription factor complex repressing its activity. Until now, little has been known about the biological function of RBPMS in ovarian cancer. Accordingly, we interrogated available Internet databases and found that ovarian cancer patients with high RBPMS levels live longer compared to patients with low RBPMS levels. Similarly, immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis in a tissue array of ovarian cancer patient samples showed that serous ovarian cancer tissues showed weaker RBPMS staining when compared with normal ovarian tissues. We generated clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-mediated RBPMS knockout vectors that were stably transfected in the high-grade serous ovarian cancer cell line, OVCAR3. The knockout of RBPMS in these cells was confirmed via bioinformatics analysis, real-time PCR, and Western blot analysis. We found that the RBPMS knockout clones grew faster and had increased invasiveness than the control CRISPR clones. RBPMS knockout also reduced the sensitivity of the OVCAR3 cells to cisplatin treatment. Moreover, β-galactosidase (β-Gal) measurements showed that RBPMS knockdown induced senescence in ovarian cancer cells. We performed RNAseq in the RBPMS knockout clones and identified several downstream-RBPMS transcripts, including non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and protein-coding genes associated with alteration of the tumor microenvironment as well as those with oncogenic or tumor suppressor capabilities. Moreover, proteomic studies confirmed that RBPMS regulates the expression of proteins involved in cell detoxification, RNA processing, and cytoskeleton network and cell integrity. Interrogation of the Kaplan-Meier (KM) plotter database identified multiple downstream-RBPMS effectors that could be used as prognostic and response-to-therapy biomarkers in ovarian cancer. These studies suggest that RBPMS acts as a tumor suppressor gene and that lower levels of RBPMS promote the cisplatin resistance of ovarian cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Rabelo-Fernández
- University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, PR 00935, USA; (R.J.R.-F.); (G.S.S.-S.); (R.K.S.); (R.A.N.R.); (B.I.Q.-D.); (F.V.)
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, PR 00925, USA
| | - Ginette S. Santiago-Sánchez
- University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, PR 00935, USA; (R.J.R.-F.); (G.S.S.-S.); (R.K.S.); (R.A.N.R.); (B.I.Q.-D.); (F.V.)
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00935, USA
| | - Rohit K. Sharma
- University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, PR 00935, USA; (R.J.R.-F.); (G.S.S.-S.); (R.K.S.); (R.A.N.R.); (B.I.Q.-D.); (F.V.)
| | - Abiel Roche-Lima
- Deanship of Research, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00935, USA; (A.R.-L.); (K.C.C.)
| | - Kelvin Carrasquillo Carrion
- Deanship of Research, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00935, USA; (A.R.-L.); (K.C.C.)
| | - Ricardo A. Noriega Rivera
- University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, PR 00935, USA; (R.J.R.-F.); (G.S.S.-S.); (R.K.S.); (R.A.N.R.); (B.I.Q.-D.); (F.V.)
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00935, USA
| | - Blanca I. Quiñones-Díaz
- University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, PR 00935, USA; (R.J.R.-F.); (G.S.S.-S.); (R.K.S.); (R.A.N.R.); (B.I.Q.-D.); (F.V.)
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00935, USA
| | - Swetha Rajasekaran
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (S.R.); (J.S.); (W.M.)
| | - Jalal Siddiqui
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (S.R.); (J.S.); (W.M.)
| | - Wayne Miles
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (S.R.); (J.S.); (W.M.)
| | - Yasmarie Santana Rivera
- School of Dentistry, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00935, USA;
| | - Fatima Valiyeva
- University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, PR 00935, USA; (R.J.R.-F.); (G.S.S.-S.); (R.K.S.); (R.A.N.R.); (B.I.Q.-D.); (F.V.)
| | - Pablo E. Vivas-Mejia
- University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, PR 00935, USA; (R.J.R.-F.); (G.S.S.-S.); (R.K.S.); (R.A.N.R.); (B.I.Q.-D.); (F.V.)
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00935, USA
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Abstract
The TP73 gene belongs to the p53 family comprised by p53, p63, and p73. In response to physiological and pathological signals these transcription factors regulate multiple molecular pathways which merge in an ensemble of interconnected networks, in which the control of cell proliferation and cell death occupies a prominent position. However, the complex phenotype of the Trp73 deficient mice has revealed that the biological relevance of this gene does not exclusively rely on its growth suppression effects, but it is also intertwined with other fundamental roles governing different aspects of tissue physiology. p73 function is essential for the organization and homeostasis of different complex microenvironments, like the neurogenic niche, which supports the neural progenitor cells and the ependyma, the male and female reproductive organs, the respiratory epithelium or the vascular network. We propose that all these, apparently unrelated, developmental roles, have a common denominator: p73 function as a tissue architect. Tissue architecture is defined by the nature and the integrity of its cellular and extracellular compartments, and it is based on proper adhesive cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions as well as the establishment of cellular polarity. In this work, we will review the current understanding of p73 role as a neurogenic niche architect through the regulation of cell adhesion, cytoskeleton dynamics and Planar Cell Polarity, and give a general overview of TAp73 as a hub modulator of these functions, whose alteration could impinge in many of the Trp73 -/- phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Maeso-Alonso
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain
| | - Lorena López-Ferreras
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain
| | - Margarita M Marques
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Instituto de Desarrollo Ganadero y Sanidad Animal, University of León, León, Spain
| | - Maria C Marin
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain
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Lin S, Li Y, Wang D, Huang C, Marino D, Bollt O, Wu C, Taylor MD, Li W, DeNicola GM, Hao J, Singh PK, Yang S. Fascin promotes lung cancer growth and metastasis by enhancing glycolysis and PFKFB3 expression. Cancer Lett 2021; 518:230-242. [PMID: 34303764 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Fascin is a pro-metastatic actin-bundling protein that is upregulated in all metastatic carcinomas. Fascin promotes cancer cell migration and invasion by facilitating membrane protrusions, such as filopodia and invadopodia. Aerobic glycolysis is a key feature of cancer metabolism and provides critical intermediate metabolites for tumor growth. Here, we report that fascin increases glycolysis in lung cancer to promote tumor growth and metastasis. Fascin promotes glycolytic flux by increasing the expression and activities of phosphofructose-kinases 1 and 2 (PFK1 and 2). Fascin mediates glycolytic functions via activation of yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) through its canonical actin-bundling activity by promoting the binding of YAP1 to a TEAD1/4 binding motif located 30 bp upstream of the PFKFB3 transcription start site to activate its transcription. Examination of the TCGA database suggests that the fascin-YAP1-PFKFB3 axis is likely conserved across different types of cancers. Importantly, pharmacological inhibitors of fascin suppressed YAP1-PFKFB3 signaling and glycolysis in cancer cell lines, organoid cultures, and xenograft metastasis models. Taken together, our data reveal that the glycolytic function of fascin is essential for the promotion of lung cancer growth and metabolism, and suggest that pharmacological inhibitors of fascin may be used to reprogram cancer metabolism in lung and potentially other cancers with fascin upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengchen Lin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Yunzhan Li
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Dezhen Wang
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Chongbiao Huang
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - David Marino
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Oana Bollt
- Department of Surgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Chaodong Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Matthew D Taylor
- Department of Surgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Gina M DeNicola
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee. Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jihui Hao
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Pankaj K Singh
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Shengyu Yang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
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Cantini G, Fei L, Canu L, De Filpo G, Ercolino T, Nesi G, Mannelli M, Luconi M. Circulating Fascin 1 as a Promising Prognostic Marker in Adrenocortical Cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:698862. [PMID: 34248854 PMCID: PMC8261281 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.698862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fascin-1 (FSCN1) is an actin-bundling protein associated with an invasive and aggressive phenotype of several solid carcinomas, as it is involved in cell cytoskeleton rearrangement and filopodia formation. Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare endocrine malignancy characterized by poor prognosis, particularly when metastatic at diagnosis. Radical resection is the only therapeutic option for ACC patients in addition to the adjuvant treatment with mitotane. Novel specific biomarkers suggestive of tumor progression to refine diagnosis and prognosis of patients with advanced ACC are urgently needed. ACC intratumoral FSCN1 has previously been suggested as a valid prognostic marker. In the present study, we identified FSCN1 in the bloodstream of a small cohort of ACC patients (n = 27), through a specific ELISA assay for human FSCN1. FSCN1 can be detected in the serum, and its circulating levels were evaluated in pre-surgery samples, which resulted to be significantly higher in ACC patients from stage I/II and stage III/IV compared with nontumoral healthy controls (HC, n = 4, FI: 5.5 ± 0.8, P<0.001, and 8.0 ± 0.5, P < 0.001 for stage I/II and stage III/IV group vs HC, respectively). In particular, FSCN1 levels were significantly higher in advanced stage versus stage I/II (22.8 ± 1.1 vs 15.8 ± 1.8 ng/ml, P < 0.005, respectively). Interestingly, circulating levels of pre-surgical FSCN1 can significantly predict tumor progression/recurrence (Log rank = 0.013), but not the overall survival (Log rank=0.317), in patients stratified in high/low PreS FSCN1. In conclusion, these findings-though very preliminary-suggest that circulating FSCN1 may represent a new minimally-invasive prognostic marker in advanced ACC, in particular when measured before surgery enables histological diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Cantini
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- *Correspondence: Giulia Cantini,
| | - Laura Fei
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Letizia Canu
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Endocrinology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Giuseppina De Filpo
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Endocrinology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Tonino Ercolino
- Endocrinology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Gabriella Nesi
- Department of Health Science, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Massimo Mannelli
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Michaela Luconi
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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