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Hu C, Lao Z, Yan L, Song X, Wang J. A preliminary analysis of prognostic genes in advanced laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients with postoperative radiotherapy. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 241:154229. [PMID: 36509010 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Advanced laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) has a high mortality rate, and the prognosis is poor. However, the underlying molecular biological mechanisms bringing about the development and progression of advanced LSCC are not entirely clarified. This study aimed to find out the potential biomarkers to predict the prognosis in advanced LSCC patients who had undergone postoperative radiotherapy alone. The next-generation sequencing of RNA was performed to detect the mRNAs expression profiling in 10 advanced LSCC samples, comprised of 5 samples from LSCC patients with favorable outcome and 5 samples from paired patients with poor outcome. Then bioinformatics analysis including Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway were used to find out functional core genes that were significantly different between the two groups. 1630 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were confirmed to have significant differences between the two groups. 53 GO terms and 19 pathways which were closely related to the DEGs were identified. Finally, 52 intersection DEGs which were both related to the top three GO terms and pathways were identified. The expression of several core genes was confirmed with RT-qPCR in tissues from another 75 patients. RT-qPCR confirmed that the genes of c-JUN, LYN, PIK3R2, and TNFAIP3 were significantly differentially expressed between the two groups, which was in accordance with the RNA sequencing data. The DEGs identified above may be potential prognostic markers for advanced LSCC patients with postoperative radiotherapy, and may provide essential guidance for following-up.
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2
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Cao Y, Dong H, Li G, Wei H, Xie C, Tuo Y, Chen N, Yu D. Temporal and spatial characteristics of tumor evolution in a mouse model of oral squamous cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:1209. [PMID: 36424557 PMCID: PMC9694863 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10256-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives We aimed to elucidate the temporal and spatial characteristics of tumor evolution in an oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) mouse model with higher burden of lymphatic metastasis through high-throughput sequencing. Methods The OSCC model was established in 9 mice. DNA was extracted from the tumors of primary tongue lesions and disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) of submandibular gland lymph nodes and bone marrow, and then whole genome sequencing was performed. After bioinformatics analysis, somatic single-nucleotide variants (SSNVs) and copy number variations (CNVs) data were obtained. Based on SSNVs, clonal architecture and ancestor-descendant relationships among tumor cell subclones were elucidated. Results A total of 238 tumor-related SSNVs with 120 high-frequency mutated genes were obtained from 36 samples of 9 mice by whole-genome sequencing. The number of unique SSNVs in the primary lesion, submandibular lymph node and bone marrow was greater than the number of shared SSNVs. Furthermore, the primary lesion-originated subclones, which were identified by SSNVs, were also detected in submandibular lymph nodes in the early stage of oral carcinogenesis. Moreover, at different histopathological stages, unique subclones were also identified in DTCs isolated from lymph nodes. Conclusion Tumor heterogeneity is significant in primary tumor cells and disseminated tumor cells. OSCC cells probably disseminate to lymph nodes in the early stage of oral carcinogenesis. OSCC is characterized by polyclonal dissemination, and the evolutionary trajectory of DTCs is potentially dominated by the tumor microenvironment.
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3
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Fernández-Mateos J, Pérez-García J, Seijas-Tamayo R, Mesía R, Rubió-Casadevall J, García-Girón C, Iglesias L, Carral Maseda A, Adansa Klain JC, Taberna M, Vazquez S, Gómez MA, Del Barco E, Ocana A, González-Sarmiento R, Cruz-Hernández JJ. Oncogenic driver mutations predict outcome in a cohort of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients within a clinical trial. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16634. [PMID: 33024167 PMCID: PMC7539152 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72927-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
234 diagnostic formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) blocks from homogeneously treated patients with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) within a multicentre phase III clinical trial were characterised. The mutational spectrum was examined by next generation sequencing in the 26 most frequent oncogenic drivers in cancer and correlated with treatment response and survival. Human papillomavirus (HPV) status was measured by p16INK4a immunohistochemistry in oropharyngeal tumours. Clinicopathological features and response to treatment were measured and compared with the sequencing results. The results indicated TP53 as the most mutated gene in locally advanced HNSCC. HPV-positive oropharyngeal tumours were less mutated than HPV-negative tumours in TP53 (p < 0.01). Mutational and HPV status influences patient survival, being mutated or HPV-negative tumours associated with poor overall survival (p < 0.05). No association was found between mutations and clinicopathological features. This study confirmed and expanded previously published genomic characterization data in HNSCC. Survival analysis showed that non-mutated HNSCC tumours associated with better prognosis and lack of mutations can be identified as an important biomarker in HNSCC. Frequent alterations in PI3K pathway in HPV-positive HNSCC could define a promising pathway for pharmacological intervention in this group of tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Fernández-Mateos
- Medical Oncology Service, University Hospital of Salamanca-IBSAL, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), SACYL-University of Salamanca-CSIC, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,Molecular Medicine Unit-IBSAL, Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer (IBMCC), University of Salamanca-CSIC, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jéssica Pérez-García
- Molecular Medicine Unit-IBSAL, Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer (IBMCC), University of Salamanca-CSIC, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Raquel Seijas-Tamayo
- Medical Oncology Service, University Hospital of Salamanca-IBSAL, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), SACYL-University of Salamanca-CSIC, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ricard Mesía
- Medical Oncology Department, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBELL, 08908, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Carlos García-Girón
- Medical Oncology Service, Hospital Universitario de Burgos, 09006, Burgos, Spain
| | - Lara Iglesias
- Medical Oncology Service, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Juan Carlos Adansa Klain
- Medical Oncology Service, University Hospital of Salamanca-IBSAL, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), SACYL-University of Salamanca-CSIC, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Miren Taberna
- Medical Oncology Department, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBELL, 08908, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Vazquez
- Medical Oncology Department, Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBELL, 08908, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Edel Del Barco
- Medical Oncology Service, University Hospital of Salamanca-IBSAL, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), SACYL-University of Salamanca-CSIC, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alberto Ocana
- Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, CIBERONC, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, 13071, Albacete, Spain
| | - Rogelio González-Sarmiento
- Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), SACYL-University of Salamanca-CSIC, 37007, Salamanca, Spain. .,Molecular Medicine Unit-IBSAL, Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain. .,Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer (IBMCC), University of Salamanca-CSIC, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Juan Jesús Cruz-Hernández
- Medical Oncology Service, University Hospital of Salamanca-IBSAL, 37007, Salamanca, Spain. .,Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), SACYL-University of Salamanca-CSIC, 37007, Salamanca, Spain. .,Molecular Medicine Unit-IBSAL, Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain. .,Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer (IBMCC), University of Salamanca-CSIC, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.
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4
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Jayaprakash C, Varghese VK, Jayaram P, Chakrabarty S, Kudva A, Ray S, Satyamoorthy K. Relevance and actionable mutational spectrum in oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Pathol Med 2020; 49:427-434. [DOI: 10.1111/jop.12985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chinchu Jayaprakash
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology Manipal School of Life Sciences Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal India
| | - Vinay Koshy Varghese
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology Manipal School of Life Sciences Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal India
| | - Pradyumna Jayaram
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology Manipal School of Life Sciences Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal India
| | - Sanjiban Chakrabarty
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology Manipal School of Life Sciences Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal India
| | - Adarsh Kudva
- Department of Oral Surgery Manipal College of Dental Sciences Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal India
| | - Satadru Ray
- Department of Surgical Oncology Kasturba Medical College Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal India
| | - Kapaettu Satyamoorthy
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology Manipal School of Life Sciences Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal India
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5
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Kanatas A, Chengot P, Ong TK, Ho MW, Sethi N, Taylor M, Glover A, Wood HM. Genomic analysis to assess disease progression and recurrence in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma: - a preliminary study. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2018; 56:198-205. [PMID: 29395453 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We studied the progression from dysplasia to invasive carcinoma and subsequent second primaries or locoregional recurrences in 11 patients with recurrent squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Between one and six samples were sequenced/patient. DNA samples were prepared, and libraries multiplexed to between 40 and 80 samples/lane of an Illumina HiSeq 3000 and sequenced with 2×100bp paired end sequencing. Copy number data were generated by CNAnorm (Bioconductor package). Samples of recurrent SCC showed unique patterns of descent when compared with earlier samples from the primary tumour, and three main patterns emerged. In four patients there was convincing evidence that the later lesion was descended directly from cells from the first, and in a further four there were no detectable genomic events between the two lesions. Three patients had some shared events between the early and later lesions, but although there were enough differences to deduce that the two lesions had a shared ancestor, they were not directly descended from each other. We present the patients' characteristics in detail, including the overall survival in each group. There was a distinct genomic pattern after a second episode of SCC in all the groups. A larger study that uses similar methods and a longer duration could provide reliable conclusions with respect to survival. With the use of new techniques, genomic data can be available to clinical teams during the planning of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kanatas
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals and St James Institute of Oncology and Leeds Dental Institute.
| | - P Chengot
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals and St James Institute of Oncology.
| | - T K Ong
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals and St James Institute of Oncology and Leeds Dental Institute.
| | - M W Ho
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals and St James Institute of Oncology and Leeds Dental Institute.
| | | | | | | | - H M Wood
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK.
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6
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Zirk M, Safi AF, Buller J, Nickenig HJ, Dreiseidler T, Zinser M, Drebber U, Zöller JE, Kreppel M. Lymph node ratio as prognosticator in floor of mouth squamous cell carcinoma patients. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2018; 46:195-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2017.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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7
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Bai ZT, Bai B, Zhu J, Di CX, Li X, Zhou WC. Epigenetic actions of environmental factors and promising drugs for cancer therapy. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:2049-2056. [PMID: 29434904 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Carcinogenesis is known to be primarily associated with gene mutations. Recently, increasing evidence has suggested that epigenetic events also serve crucial roles in tumor etiology. Environmental factors, including nutrition, toxicants and ethanol, are involved in carcinogenesis through inducing epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, histone deacetylase and miRNA regulation. Studying epigenetic mechanisms has facilitated the development of early diagnostic strategies and potential therapeutic avenues. Modulation at the epigenetic level, including reversing epigenetic modifications using targeted drugs, has demonstrated promise in cancer therapy. Therefore, identifying novel epigenetic biomarkers and therapeutic targets has potential for the future of cancer therapy. The present review discusses the environmental factors involved in epigenetic modifications and potential drug candidates for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Tian Bai
- The Second Department of General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China.,Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Institute of Gansu, Medical College Cancer Center of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Bing Bai
- The Second Department of General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China.,Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Institute of Gansu, Medical College Cancer Center of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Pathology Department of Donggang Branch Courts, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Cui-Xia Di
- Department of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Xun Li
- The Second Department of General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China.,Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Institute of Gansu, Medical College Cancer Center of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Ce Zhou
- The Second Department of General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China.,Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Institute of Gansu, Medical College Cancer Center of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy D'Souza
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunandan Divatia School of Science, SVKM's NMIMS (Deemed-to-be) University, Mumbai, India
| | - Dhananjaya Saranath
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunandan Divatia School of Science, SVKM's NMIMS (Deemed-to-be) University, Mumbai, India
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9
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Economopoulou P, Kotsantis I, Kyrodimos E, Lianidou E, Psyrri A. Liquid biopsy: An emerging prognostic and predictive tool in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC). Focus on Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs). Oral Oncol 2017; 74:83-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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10
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Tabatabaeifar S, Thomassen M, Larsen MJ, Larsen SR, Kruse TA, Sørensen JA. The subclonal structure and genomic evolution of oral squamous cell carcinoma revealed by ultra-deep sequencing. Oncotarget 2017; 8:16571-16580. [PMID: 28157713 PMCID: PMC5369985 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that head and neck squamous cell carcinomas are very heterogeneous between patients; however the subclonal structure remains unexplored mainly due to studies using only a single biopsy per patient. To deconvolute the clonal structure and describe the genomic cancer evolution, we applied whole-exome sequencing combined with ultra-deep targeted sequencing on oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC). From each patient, a set of biopsies was sampled from distinct geographical sites in primary tumor and lymph node metastasis. We demonstrate that the included OSCCs show a high degree of inter-patient heterogeneity but a low degree of intra-tumor heterogeneity. However, some OSCC cancers contain complex subclonal architectures comprising distinct subclones only found in geographically distinct regions of the primary tumors. In several cases we find mutations in the primary tumor that are not present in the lymph node metastasis. We conclude that metastatic potential in our population is acquired early in tumor evolution as evident by the ongoing parallel evolution in several primary tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siavosh Tabatabaeifar
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of University of Southern Denmark, Institute of Clinical Research, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mads Thomassen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of University of Southern Denmark, Institute of Clinical Research, Odense, Denmark
| | - Martin J Larsen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of University of Southern Denmark, Institute of Clinical Research, Odense, Denmark
| | - Stine R Larsen
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of University of Southern Denmark, Institute of Clinical Research, Odense, Denmark
| | - Torben A Kruse
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of University of Southern Denmark, Institute of Clinical Research, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jens A Sørensen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of University of Southern Denmark, Institute of Clinical Research, Odense, Denmark
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11
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Tabatabaeifar S, Larsen MJ, Larsen SR, Kruse TA, Thomassen M, Sørensen JA. Investigating a case of possible field cancerization in oral squamous cell carcinoma by the use of next-generation sequencing. Oral Oncol 2017; 68:74-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2017.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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Kreppel M, Nazarli P, Grandoch A, Safi AF, Zirk M, Nickenig HJ, Scheer M, Rothamel D, Hellmich M, Zöller JE. Clinical and histopathological staging in oral squamous cell carcinoma - Comparison of the prognostic significance. Oral Oncol 2016; 60:68-73. [PMID: 27531875 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In oral cancer the prognostic significance of clinical staging (cTNM) is regarded inferior to histopathologic staging (pTNM) after surgery. This is mainly due to the point that the quality of the cTNM strongly depends on the clinical and radiological examination techniques applied and the physician's experience. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic quality of cTNM and pTNM in a single center cohort. METHODS This retrospective study included 392 patients with treatment-naive oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). All patients received primary surgery including a neck dissection. According to tumor stage and histopathologic risk factors patients received adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) or radiochemotherapy (RCT). Prognostic factors were identified in univariate analysis by using the log rank test and in multivariate analysis through Cox regression. RESULTS Clinical and histopathologic staging showed concordance in 62% for the primary tumor and 59% for cN- and pN-classification. In 58% of the cases of discordance the primary tumor was overstaged. In case of discordance of metastatic spread to the cervical lymph nodes, lymph node involvement showed overstaging in 78%. In univariate analysis cT-, cN-, cT- and pT-classification had a significant impact (p<0.05) on overall survival (OS). In multivariate analysis only pT- and pN-classification had a significant impact on OS. CONCLUSION Despite advances and modern radiologic techniques, pTNM has a higher prognostic quality than cTNM. Discordance between clinical and histopathologic staging was observed in up to 40%. When discordance was observed overstaging for clinical T-stage and clinical N-stage was more likely than understaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Kreppel
- Department for Oral and Cranio-Maxillo and Facial Plastic Surgery, University of Cologne, Germany; Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Cologne-Bonn, Germany.
| | - Parvin Nazarli
- Department for Oral and Cranio-Maxillo and Facial Plastic Surgery, University of Cologne, Germany; Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Cologne-Bonn, Germany
| | - Andrea Grandoch
- Department for Oral and Cranio-Maxillo and Facial Plastic Surgery, University of Cologne, Germany; Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Cologne-Bonn, Germany
| | - Ali-Farid Safi
- Department for Oral and Cranio-Maxillo and Facial Plastic Surgery, University of Cologne, Germany; Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Cologne-Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthias Zirk
- Department for Oral and Cranio-Maxillo and Facial Plastic Surgery, University of Cologne, Germany; Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Cologne-Bonn, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Nickenig
- Department for Oral and Cranio-Maxillo and Facial Plastic Surgery, University of Cologne, Germany; Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Cologne-Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Daniel Rothamel
- Department for Oral and Cranio-Maxillo and Facial Plastic Surgery, University of Cologne, Germany; Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Cologne-Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin Hellmich
- Department for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Epidemiology, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Joachim E Zöller
- Department for Oral and Cranio-Maxillo and Facial Plastic Surgery, University of Cologne, Germany; Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Cologne-Bonn, Germany
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13
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Giefing M, Wierzbicka M, Szyfter K, Brenner JC, Braakhuis BJ, Brakenhoff RH, Bradford CR, Sorensen JA, Rinaldo A, Rodrigo JP, Takes RP, Ferlito A. Moving towards personalised therapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma through analysis of next generation sequencing data. Eur J Cancer 2016; 55:147-57. [PMID: 26851381 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2015.10.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Personalised medicine tumour boards, which leverage genomic data to improve clinical management, are becoming standard for the treatment of many cancers. This paper is designed as a primer to assist clinicians treating head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients with an understanding of the discovery and functional impact of recurrent genetic lesions that are likely to influence the management of this disease in the near future. This manuscript integrates genetic data from publicly available array comparative genome hybridization (aCGH) and next-generation sequencing genetics databases to identify the most common molecular alterations in HNSCC. The importance of these genetic discoveries is reviewed and how they may be incorporated into clinical care decisions is discussed. Considerations for the role of genetic stratification in the clinical management of head and neck cancer are maturing rapidly and can be improved by integrating data sets. This article is meant to summarise the discoveries made using multiple genomic platforms so that the head and neck cancer care provider can apply these discoveries to improve clinical care.
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14
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Profeta AC, Schilling C, McGurk M. Augmented reality visualization in head and neck surgery: an overview of recent findings in sentinel node biopsy and future perspectives. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2016; 54:694-6. [PMID: 26809235 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2015.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
"Augmented reality visualisation", in which the site of an operation is merged with computer-generated graphics, provides a way to view the relevant part of the patient's body in better detail. We describe its role in relation to sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB), current advancements, and future directions in the excision of tumours in early-stage cancers of the head and neck.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Corrado Profeta
- Guy's and St Thomas's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Floor 23, Guy's Tower, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
| | - Clare Schilling
- Guy's and St Thomas's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Floor 23, Guy's Tower, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
| | - Mark McGurk
- Guy's and St Thomas's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Floor 23, Guy's Tower, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
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15
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Hedberg ML, Goh G, Chiosea SI, Bauman JE, Freilino ML, Zeng Y, Wang L, Diergaarde BB, Gooding WE, Lui VWY, Herbst RS, Lifton RP, Grandis JR. Genetic landscape of metastatic and recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. J Clin Invest 2015; 126:169-80. [PMID: 26619122 DOI: 10.1172/jci82066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recurrence and/or metastasis occurs in more than half of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), and these events pose the greatest threats to long-term survival. We set out to identify genetic alterations that underlie recurrent/metastatic HNSCC. METHODS Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed on genomic DNA extracted from fresh-frozen whole blood and patient-matched tumor pairs from 13 HNSCC patients with synchronous lymph node metastases and 10 patients with metachronous recurrent tumors. Mutational concordance within and between tumor pairs was used to analyze the spatiotemporal evolution of HNSCC in individual patients and to identify potential therapeutic targets for functional evaluation. RESULTS Approximately 86% and 60% of single somatic nucleotide variants (SSNVs) identified in synchronous nodal metastases and metachronous recurrent tumors, respectively, were transmitted from the primary index tumor. Genes that were mutated in more than one metastatic or recurrent tumor, but not in the respective primary tumors, include C17orf104, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor, type 3 (ITPR3), and discoidin domain receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (DDR2). Select DDR2 mutations have been shown to confer enhanced sensitivity to SRC-family kinase (SFK) inhibitors in other malignancies. Similarly, HNSCC cell lines harboring endogenous and engineered DDR2 mutations were more sensitive to the SFK inhibitor dasatinib than those with WT DDR2. CONCLUSION In this WES study of patient-matched tumor pairs in HNSCC, we found synchronous lymph node metastases to be genetically more similar to their paired index primary tumors than metachronous recurrent tumors. This study outlines a compendium of somatic mutations in primary, metastatic, and/or recurrent HNSCC cancers, with potential implications for precision medicine approaches. FUNDING National Cancer Institute, American Cancer Society, Agency for Science, Technology and Research of Singapore, and Gilead Sciences Inc.
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Diniz MG, Silva Jde F, de Souza FT, Pereira NB, Gomes CC, Gomez RS. Association between cell cycle gene transcription and tumor size in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:9717-22. [PMID: 26152289 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3735-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Higher tumor size correlates with poor prognosis and is an independent predictive survival factor in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients. However, the molecular events underlining OSCC tumor evolution are poorly understood. We aimed to investigate if large OSCC tumors show different cell cycle gene transcriptional signature compared to small tumors. Seventeen fresh OSCC tumor samples with different tumor sizes (T) were included in the study. Tumors were from the tongue or from the floor of the mouth, and only three patients were nonsmokers. Samples were categorized according to clinical tumor size in tumors ≤2 cm (T1, n = 5) or tumors >2 cm (T2, n = 9; T3, n = 2; T4, n = 1). The group of tumors ≤2 cm was considered the reference group, while the larger tumors were considered the test group. We assessed the expression of 84 cell cycle genes by qRT-PCR array and normalized it to the expression of two housekeeping genes. Results were analyzed according to the formula 2(^-DeltaCt). A five-fold change cutoff was used, and p values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Ki-67 immunohistochemistry was performed to estimate cell proliferation index. Twenty-nine genes were downregulated in the test group (larger tumors) compared to the reference group (smaller tumors). Among these genes, 13 reached statistical significance: ANAPC4, CUL1, SUMO1, KPNA2, MAD2L2, CCNG2, E2F4, NBN, CUL2, PCNA, TFDP1, KNTC1, and ATR. Ki-67 labeling index was similar in both tumor groups. Our findings suggest that the transcriptional activity of specific cell cycle genes varies according to the size of OSCC tumor, which probably reflects tumor molecular evolution and adaptation to the microenvironment.
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Schwaederle M, Elkin SK, Tomson BN, Carter JL, Kurzrock R. Squamousness: Next-generation sequencing reveals shared molecular features across squamous tumor types. Cell Cycle 2015; 14:2355-61. [PMID: 26030731 PMCID: PMC4613537 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1053669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to gain a better understanding of the underlying biology of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), we tested the hypothesis that SCC originating from different organs may possess common molecular alterations. SCC samples (N = 361) were examined using clinical-grade targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS). The most frequent SCC tumor types were head and neck, lung, cutaneous, gastrointestinal and gynecologic cancers. The most common gene alterations were TP53 (64.5% of patients), PIK3CA (28.5%), CDKN2A (24.4%), SOX2 (17.7%), and CCND1 (15.8%). By comparing NGS results of our SCC cohort to a non-SCC cohort (N = 277), we found that CDKN2A, SOX2, NOTCH1, TP53, PIK3CA, CCND1, and FBXW7 were significantly more frequently altered, unlike KRAS, which was less frequently altered in SCC specimens (all P < 0.05; multivariable analysis). Therefore, we identified “squamousness” gene signatures (TP53, PIK3CA, CCND1, CDKN2A, SOX2, NOTCH 1, and FBXW7 aberrations, and absence of KRAS alterations) that were significantly more frequent in SCC versus non-SCC histologies. A multivariable co-alteration analysis established 2 SCC subgroups: (i) patients in whom TP53 and cyclin pathway (CDKN2A and CCND1) alterations strongly correlated but in whom PIK3CA aberrations were less frequent; and (ii) patients with PIK3CA alterations in whom TP53 mutations were less frequent (all P ≤ 0 .001, multivariable analysis). In conclusion, we identified a set of 8 genes altered with significantly different frequencies when SCC and non-SCC were compared, suggesting the existence of patterns for “squamousness.” Targeting the PI3K-AKT-mTOR and/or cyclin pathway components in SCC may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Schwaederle
- a Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy; University of California San Diego Moores Cancer Center ; La Jolla , CA USA
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite improvements in treatment, survival rates of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are stagnant. The existing chemotherapeutic agents are non-selective and associated with toxicities. Combinations of the only the US FDA-approved epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted agent, cetuximab, with chemotherapy or radiation improves overall survival. However, the response rates to cetuximab are modest. Thus, there is an urgent need for new agents that can be safely integrated into current treatment regimens to improve outcome. AREAS COVERED Current EGFR-targeted drugs under clinical development include mAbs and tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The modest efficacy of these drugs implicates intrinsic or acquired resistance. Novel molecular agents inhibiting alternative targets to overcome anti-EGFR resistance in HNSCC are under investigation. Gene therapy and immunotherapy are also promising strategies to improve efficacy and reduce toxicity. EXPERT OPINION To date, only six drugs have been FDA-approved for the treatment of head and neck cancer. Cetuximab is the only approved molecular targeting agent for HNSCC and despite ubiquitous expression of EGFR in HNSCC tumors, clinical responses are limited. Genetic and epigenetic characterization of HNSCC tumors, coupled with improved preclinical models, should facilitate the development of more effective drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Wen
- Sun Yat-Sen University and The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Department of Otolaryngology , Guangzhou, Guangzhou , PR China
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