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Ghantous G, Popov K, El Sebaaly Z, Sassine YN. Changes in Cabernet Sauvignon yield and berry quality as affected by variability in weather conditions in the last two decades in Lebanon. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6992. [PMID: 38523138 PMCID: PMC10961301 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57665-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Cabernet Sauvignon is the most planted cultivar in Lebanese vineyards. This study investigated the variation of its production at two vineyards 'Kanafar' (West Bekaa at 1020 m.a.s.l) and 'Taanayel' (Central Bekaa at 800 m.a.s.l) and their interactions with weather conditions from 2006 till 2018. Evaluation of climate records denoted interannual variability in weather conditions occurring in 2015 in Kanafar and in 2008 in Taanayel. Average yield peaked in 2009 in Kanafar (19,187.0 kg ha-1) and in 2011 in Taanayel (14,279.0 kg ha-1), both years marked a turning point after which values of average yield shifted downwards (by 31-67% in Kanafar, and 14-82% in Taanayel). At Kanafar, after 2015, averages of yield, weight of 200 berries (W200B), potential alcohol (PA), and total polyphenolic richness (TPR) decreased by 35%, 1.5%, 36.2 g, and 50%, respectively. In Taanayel, only TPR content in berries was significantly affected by varying weather conditions (decrease by 20%). Also, TPR values followed a progressive decreasing pattern starting from 2006 at both vineyards with minor exceptions. Multiple regression analysis assessed the relationship between various indicators and weather variables at each vineyard. It showed that the decrease in yield at Kanafar correlated with higher temperature during the growing season (by 0.6 °C), higher solar radiation from early-spring to early-summer (by 13.9-27.1 W m-2), and lower values of maximum wind speed during mid to late summer (by 0.4 m s-1), occurring during 2016, 2017, and 2018 at Kanafar. The model explained 60% of yield variations at this vineyard. Further, weather variables accounted for 61% (R2 = 0.61) of changes in PA and for 58% (R2 = 0.58) of TPR of berries at Kanafar. Conclusively, interannual variability in weather conditions had more serious negative influence on Cabernet Sauvignon production at Kanafar than at Taanayel, but had a similar negative influence on polyphenols accumulation in berries, and thus on potential wine quality produced at both vineyards.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ghantous
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Forestry, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agronomy, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - K Popov
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Forestry, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Z El Sebaaly
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agronomy, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Y N Sassine
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agronomy, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
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2
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Chachar Z, Lai R, Ahmed N, Lingling M, Chachar S, Paker NP, Qi Y. Cloned genes and genetic regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in maize, a comparative review. Front Plant Sci 2024; 15:1310634. [PMID: 38328707 PMCID: PMC10847539 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1310634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are plant-based pigments that are primarily present in berries, grapes, purple yam, purple corn and black rice. The research on fruit corn with a high anthocyanin content is not sufficiently extensive. Considering its crucial role in nutrition and health it is vital to conduct further studies on how anthocyanin accumulates in fruit corn and to explore its potential for edible and medicinal purposes. Anthocyanin biosynthesis plays an important role in maize stems (corn). Several beneficial compounds, particularly cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, perlagonidin-3-O-glucoside, peonidin 3-O-glucoside, and their malonylated derivatives have been identified. C1, C2, Pl1, Pl2, Sh2, ZmCOP1 and ZmHY5 harbored functional alleles that played a role in the biosynthesis of anthocyanins in maize. The Sh2 gene in maize regulates sugar-to-starch conversion, thereby influencing kernel quality and nutritional content. ZmCOP1 and ZmHY5 are key regulatory genes in maize that control light responses and photomorphogenesis. This review concludes the molecular identification of all the genes encoding structural enzymes of the anthocyanin pathway in maize by describing the cloning and characterization of these genes. Our study presents important new understandings of the molecular processes behind the manufacture of anthocyanins in maize, which will contribute to the development of genetically modified variants of the crop with increased color and possible health advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaid Chachar
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - RuiQiang Lai
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nazir Ahmed
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ma Lingling
- College of Agriculture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Sadaruddin Chachar
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - YongWen Qi
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
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Niu M, Chen X, Guo Y, Song J, Cui J, Wang L, Su N. Sugar Signals and R2R3-MYBs Participate in Potassium-Repressed Anthocyanin Accumulation in Radish. Plant Cell Physiol 2023; 64:1601-1616. [PMID: 37862259 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanin biosynthesis in plants is influenced by a wide range of environmental factors, such as light, temperature and nutrient availability. In this study, we revealed that the potassium-repressed anthocyanin accumulation in radish hypocotyls was associated with altered sugar distribution and sugar signaling pathways rather than changes in oxidative stress status. Sugar-feeding experiments suggested a hexokinase-independent glucose signal acted as a major contributor in regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis, transport and regulatory genes at the transcriptional level. Several R2R3-MYBs were identified as anthocyanin-related MYBs. Phylogenetic and protein sequence analyses suggested that RsMYB75 met the criteria of subgroup 6 MYB activator, while RsMYB39 and RsMYB82 seemed to be a non-canonical MYB anthocyanin activator and repressor, respectively. Through yeast-one-hybrid, dual-luciferase and transient expression assays, we confirmed that RsMYB39 strongly induced the promoter activity of anthocyanin transport-related gene RsGSTF12, while RsMYB82 significantly reduced anthocyanin biosynthesis gene RsANS1 expression. Molecular models are proposed in the discussion, allowing speculation on how these novel RsMYBs may regulate the expression levels of anthocyanin-related structural genes. Together, our data evidenced the strong impacts of potassium on sugar metabolism and signaling and its regulation of anthocyanin accumulation through different sugar signals and R2R3-MYBs in a hierarchical regulatory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyang Niu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1, Weigang, Xiaoling Wei Street, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1, Weigang, Xiaoling Wei Street, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Youyou Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1, Weigang, Xiaoling Wei Street, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Jinxue Song
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1, Weigang, Xiaoling Wei Street, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Jin Cui
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, No. 866, Yuhangtang Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Lu Wang
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Nana Su
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1, Weigang, Xiaoling Wei Street, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
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Song J, Zhang A, Gao F, Li M, Zhao X, Zhang J, Wang G, Hou Y, Cheng S, Qu H, Ruan S, Li J. Reduced nitrogen fertilization from pre-flowering to pre-veraison alters phenolic profiles of Vitis vinifera L. Cv. Cabernet Gernischt wine of Yantai, China. Food Res Int 2023; 173:113339. [PMID: 37803648 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) fertilization is important for grape growth and wine quality. Unreasonable N fertilizer application affects wine growth and has a negative impact on wine quality. Therefore, it is essential to address the mismatch between N application and wine composition. To regulate vine growth and improve grape and wine quality, Cabernet Gernischt (Vitis vinifera L.) grapevines were subjected to lower levels of N, compared to normal N supply treatments, during the grape growing seasons of 2019 and 2020 in the wine region of Yantai, China. The effects of reduced N application from pre-boom to pre-veraison on vine growth, yield and composition of grapes, and dry red wine anthocyanin and non-anthocyanin phenolic compound content were studied. We found that reduced N application significantly decreased dormant shoot fresh mass and yield. However, the effect of N application on fruit ripening depended on the season. Nitrogen-reduction treatment significantly improved wine phenolic parameters, including total phenolics, tannins, and anthocyanins, and enhanced most of the individual anthocyanins and some non-anthocyanin phenolics, especially stilbenes, including piceatannol, trans-resveratrol, and polydatin, regardless of the season. Overall, our findings highlight the importance of reducing N application during the grape growing season in order to modify the wine phenolic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiang Song
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Wine Quality & Safety Testing, Qinhuangdao 066004, China; Yantai Changyu Group Corporation Ltd., Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Wine Microbial Fermentation Technology, Yantai 264001, China
| | - Ang Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Wine Quality & Safety Testing, Qinhuangdao 066004, China; Technology Centre of Qinhuangdao Customs, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Yantai Changyu Group Corporation Ltd., Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Wine Microbial Fermentation Technology, Yantai 264001, China
| | - Mingqing Li
- Yantai Changyu Group Corporation Ltd., Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Wine Microbial Fermentation Technology, Yantai 264001, China
| | - Xianhua Zhao
- College of Life Sciences and Enology, Taishan University, Taian 271021, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Yantai Changyu Group Corporation Ltd., Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Wine Microbial Fermentation Technology, Yantai 264001, China
| | - Genjie Wang
- Yantai Changyu Group Corporation Ltd., Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Wine Microbial Fermentation Technology, Yantai 264001, China
| | - Yuping Hou
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Shiwei Cheng
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Huige Qu
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China.
| | - Shili Ruan
- Yantai Changyu Group Corporation Ltd., Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Wine Microbial Fermentation Technology, Yantai 264001, China
| | - Jiming Li
- Yantai Changyu Group Corporation Ltd., Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Wine Microbial Fermentation Technology, Yantai 264001, China.
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Liu Z, Zhu C, Sun J, Zhang Z, Zhao S, Shi W, Wang W, Zhao B. Influence of rootstock on endogenous hormones and color change in Cabernet Sauvignon grapes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6608. [PMID: 37095085 PMCID: PMC10125983 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33089-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Different rootstocks for grapes can significantly affect fruit color and quality, possibly by affecting hormone contents, related genetic pathways, and fruit coloring mechanisms in skin. 'Cabernet Sauvignon' was grafted to '5BB', 'SO4', '140R', 'CS', '3309M' and 'Vitis riparia' rootstocks, with self-rooting seedlings as the control (CS/CS), and sampled from the early stage of veraison to the ripening stage. The effects of rootstock on the contents of gibberellin (GA3), auxin (IAA), and abscisic acid (ABA) in grape skin were determined alongside the expression levels of eight anthocyanin synthesis related genes using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR methods. The rootstock cultivars exhibited accelerated fruit color change, and the CS/140R combination resulted in grapes with more color than the control group in the same period. With the development of fruit, the IAA and GA3 contents in the skin of different rootstock combinations showed trends of increasing initially, then decreasing, while the ABA content decreased initially and then increased. During the verasion (28 July), the various 'Cabernet Sauvignon' rootstock combinations exhibited varying degrees of increases in GA3, ABA, and IAA contents; correlation analysis showed that, at the start of veraison, the expression levels of the anthocyanin synthesis-related genes VvCHS, VvDFR, and VvUFGT had strong positive correlations with hormone contents, which indicated they are key genes involved in the endogenous hormone responsive anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway. The results of this study showed that rootstock regulates the fruit coloring process by influencing the metabolism level of peel hormones in the 'Cabernet Sauvignon' grape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyu Liu
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
- The Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of the Xinjiang Production and Construction, Xinjiang, China
| | - Chunmei Zhu
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
- The Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of the Xinjiang Production and Construction, Xinjiang, China
| | - Junli Sun
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
- The Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of the Xinjiang Production and Construction, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
- The Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of the Xinjiang Production and Construction, Xinjiang, China
| | - Shucheng Zhao
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Wenchao Shi
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
- The Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of the Xinjiang Production and Construction, Xinjiang, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Baolong Zhao
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of the Xinjiang Production and Construction, Xinjiang, China.
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Lu HC, Hu L, Liu Y, Cheng CF, Chen W, Li SD, He F, Duan CQ, Wang J. Manipulating the severe shoot topping delays the harvest date and modifies the flavor composition of Cabernet Sauvignon wines in a semi-arid climate. Food Chem 2023; 405:135008. [PMID: 36435103 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to mitigate the adverse effects of global warming by applying severe shoot topping (SST) to grapevines in a semi-arid climate. A three-year study (2018-2020) was performed to investigate the impact of SST on wine flavor composition. Results showed that SST effectively delayed the grape harvest date, which was more evident in the dry and warm vintage (7-11 d). SST significantly increased the concentration of myricetin-based flavonols in wines which were 18% higher than in untreated wines. Through orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), SST wines were characterized by more abundant phenolic compounds and higher sensory scores. The carry-over effect of applying SST in consecutive years in the same vines could be reflected in wine color. The correlations among wine metabolites, color and aroma parameters, and sensory parameters were evaluated through multiple analyses. This study provided an idea for delaying grape ripening in a semi-arid climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Cheng Lu
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Li Hu
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chi-Fang Cheng
- CITIC Guoan Wine Co. Ltd, Manasi 832200, Xinjiang, China
| | - Wu Chen
- CITIC Guoan Wine Co. Ltd, Manasi 832200, Xinjiang, China
| | - Shu-De Li
- CITIC Guoan Wine Co. Ltd, Manasi 832200, Xinjiang, China
| | - Fei He
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chang-Qing Duan
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China.
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Niu B, Li Q, Fan L, Shi X, Liu Y, Zhuang Q, Qin X. De Novo Assembly of a Sarcocarp Transcriptome Set Identifies AaMYB1 as a Regulator of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Actinidia arguta var. purpurea. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012120. [PMID: 36292977 PMCID: PMC9603036 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The kiwifruit (Actinidia arguta var. purpurea) produces oval shaped fruits containing a slightly green or mauve outer exocarp and a purple-flesh endocarp with rows of tiny black seeds. The flesh color of the fruit results from a range of anthocyanin compounds, and is an important trait for kiwifruit consumers. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis of the sarcocarp during A. arguta fruit development, de novo assembly and transcriptomic profile analyses were performed. Based on significant Gene Ontology (GO) biological terms, differentially expressed genes were identified in flavonoid biosynthetic and metabolic processes, pigment biosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolic processes, and amino acid metabolic processes. The genes closely related to anthocyanin biosynthesis, such as phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), chalcone synthase (CHS), and anthocyanidin synthase (ANS), displayed significant up-regulation during fruit development according to the transcriptomic data, which was further confirmed by qRT-PCR. Meanwhile, a series of transcription factor genes were identified among the DEGs. Through a correlation analysis. AaMYB1 was found to be significantly correlated with key genes of anthocyanin biosynthesis, especially with CHS. Through a transient expression assay, AaMYB1 induced anthocyanin accumulation in tobacco leaves. These data provide an important basis for exploring the related mechanisms of sarcocarp anthocyanin biosynthesis in A. arguta. This study will provide a strong foundation for functional studies on A. arguta and will facilitate improved breeding of A. arguta fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Niu
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
- Sichuan Provincial Academy of Natural Resource Sciences, Chengdu 610015, China
| | - Qiaohong Li
- Sichuan Provincial Academy of Natural Resource Sciences, Chengdu 610015, China
| | - Lijuan Fan
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xiaodong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Sichuan Provincial Academy of Natural Resource Sciences, Chengdu 610015, China
| | - Qiguo Zhuang
- Sichuan Provincial Academy of Natural Resource Sciences, Chengdu 610015, China
| | - Xiaobo Qin
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
- Sichuan Provincial Academy of Natural Resource Sciences, Chengdu 610015, China
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
- Correspondence:
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8
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Kong J, Garcia V, Zehraoui E, Stammitti L, Hilbert G, Renaud C, Maury S, Delaunay A, Cluzet S, Lecourieux F, Lecourieux D, Teyssier E, Gallusci P. Zebularine, a DNA Methylation Inhibitor, Activates Anthocyanin Accumulation in Grapevine Cells. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13071256. [PMID: 35886036 PMCID: PMC9316115 DOI: 10.3390/genes13071256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Through its role in the regulation of gene expression, DNA methylation can participate in the control of specialized metabolite production. We have investigated the link between DNA methylation and anthocyanin accumulation in grapevine using the hypomethylating drug, zebularine and Gamay Teinturier cell suspensions. In this model, zebularine increased anthocyanin accumulation in the light, and induced its production in the dark. To unravel the underlying mechanisms, cell transcriptome, metabolic content, and DNA methylation were analyzed. The up-regulation of stress-related genes, as well as a decrease in cell viability, revealed that zebularine affected cell integrity. Concomitantly, the global DNA methylation level was only slightly decreased in the light and not modified in the dark. However, locus-specific analyses demonstrated a decrease in DNA methylation at a few selected loci, including a CACTA DNA transposon and a small region upstream from the UFGT gene, coding for the UDP glucose:flavonoid-3-O-glucosyltransferase, known to be critical for anthocyanin biosynthesis. Moreover, this decrease was correlated with an increase in UFGT expression and in anthocyanin content. In conclusion, our data suggest that UFGT expression could be regulated through DNA methylation in Gamay Teinturier, although the functional link between changes in DNA methylation and UFGT transcription still needs to be demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Kong
- UMR Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne, Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux Science Agro, 210 Chemin de Leysotte—33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France; (J.K.); (V.G.); (E.Z.); (L.S.); (G.H.); (C.R.); (F.L.); (D.L.); (P.G.)
| | - Virginie Garcia
- UMR Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne, Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux Science Agro, 210 Chemin de Leysotte—33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France; (J.K.); (V.G.); (E.Z.); (L.S.); (G.H.); (C.R.); (F.L.); (D.L.); (P.G.)
| | - Enric Zehraoui
- UMR Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne, Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux Science Agro, 210 Chemin de Leysotte—33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France; (J.K.); (V.G.); (E.Z.); (L.S.); (G.H.); (C.R.); (F.L.); (D.L.); (P.G.)
| | - Linda Stammitti
- UMR Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne, Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux Science Agro, 210 Chemin de Leysotte—33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France; (J.K.); (V.G.); (E.Z.); (L.S.); (G.H.); (C.R.); (F.L.); (D.L.); (P.G.)
| | - Ghislaine Hilbert
- UMR Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne, Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux Science Agro, 210 Chemin de Leysotte—33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France; (J.K.); (V.G.); (E.Z.); (L.S.); (G.H.); (C.R.); (F.L.); (D.L.); (P.G.)
| | - Christel Renaud
- UMR Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne, Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux Science Agro, 210 Chemin de Leysotte—33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France; (J.K.); (V.G.); (E.Z.); (L.S.); (G.H.); (C.R.); (F.L.); (D.L.); (P.G.)
| | - Stéphane Maury
- INRAe, EA1207 USC1328 Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, Université d’Orléans, 45067 Orléans, France; (S.M.); (A.D.)
| | - Alain Delaunay
- INRAe, EA1207 USC1328 Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, Université d’Orléans, 45067 Orléans, France; (S.M.); (A.D.)
| | - Stéphanie Cluzet
- Unité de Recherche Oenologie, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, University Bordeaux, EA4577, USC 1366 INRA, Equipe Molécules d’Intérêt Biologique (GESVAB), ISVV, CEDEX, 33882 Villenave d’Ornon, France;
| | - Fatma Lecourieux
- UMR Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne, Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux Science Agro, 210 Chemin de Leysotte—33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France; (J.K.); (V.G.); (E.Z.); (L.S.); (G.H.); (C.R.); (F.L.); (D.L.); (P.G.)
| | - David Lecourieux
- UMR Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne, Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux Science Agro, 210 Chemin de Leysotte—33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France; (J.K.); (V.G.); (E.Z.); (L.S.); (G.H.); (C.R.); (F.L.); (D.L.); (P.G.)
| | - Emeline Teyssier
- UMR Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne, Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux Science Agro, 210 Chemin de Leysotte—33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France; (J.K.); (V.G.); (E.Z.); (L.S.); (G.H.); (C.R.); (F.L.); (D.L.); (P.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-5-5757-5928
| | - Philippe Gallusci
- UMR Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne, Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux Science Agro, 210 Chemin de Leysotte—33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France; (J.K.); (V.G.); (E.Z.); (L.S.); (G.H.); (C.R.); (F.L.); (D.L.); (P.G.)
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9
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Sun X, Li X, Wang Y, Xu J, Jiang S, Zhang Y. MdMKK9-Mediated the Regulation of Anthocyanin Synthesis in Red-Fleshed Apple in Response to Different Nitrogen Signals. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147755. [PMID: 35887103 PMCID: PMC9324793 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascade is a widely existing signal transduction system in eukaryotes, and plays an important role in the signal transduction processes of plant cells in response to environmental stress. In this study, we screened MdMKK9, a gene in the MAPK family. This gene is directly related to changes in anthocyanin synthesis in the ‘Daihong’ variety of red-fleshed apple (Malus sieversii f neidzwetzkyana (Dieck) Langenf). MdMKK9 expression was up-regulated in ‘Daihong’ tissue culture seedlings cultured at low levels of nitrogen. This change in gene expression up-regulated the expression of genes related to anthocyanin synthesis and nitrogen transport, thus promoting anthocyanin synthesis and causing the tissue culture seedlings to appear red in color. To elucidate the function of MdMKK9, we used the CRISPR/Cas9 system to construct a gene editing vector for MdMKK9 and successfully introduced it into the calli of the ‘Orin’ apple. The MdMKK9 deletion mutants (MUT) calli could not respond to the low level of nitrogen signal, the expression level of anthocyanin synthesis-related genes was down-regulated, and the anthocyanin content was lower than that of the wild type (WT). In contrast, the MdMKK9-overexpressed calli up-regulated the expression level of anthocyanin synthesis-related genes and increased anthocyanin content, and appeared red in conditions of low level of nitrogen or nitrogen deficiency. These results show that MdMKK9 plays a role in the adaptation of red-fleshed apple to low levels of nitrogen by regulating the nitrogen status and anthocyanin accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology of Shandong Province, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (X.S.); (J.X.)
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Xinxin Li
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (X.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yanbo Wang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (X.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Jihua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology of Shandong Province, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (X.S.); (J.X.)
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Shenghui Jiang
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (X.L.); (Y.W.)
- Correspondence: (S.J.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yugang Zhang
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (X.L.); (Y.W.)
- Correspondence: (S.J.); (Y.Z.)
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10
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Ding LN, Liu R, Li T, Li M, Liu XY, Wang WJ, Yu YK, Cao J, Tan XL. Physiological and comparative transcriptome analyses reveal the mechanisms underlying waterlogging tolerance in a rapeseed anthocyanin-more mutant. Biotechnol Biofuels Bioprod 2022; 15:55. [PMID: 35596185 PMCID: PMC9123723 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-022-02155-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Rapeseed (Brassica napus) is the second largest oil crop worldwide. It is widely used in food, energy production and the chemical industry, as well as being an ornamental. Consequently, it has a large economic value and developmental potential. Waterlogging is an important abiotic stress that restricts plant growth and development. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying waterlogging tolerance in B. napus. Results In the present study, the physiological changes and transcriptomes of germination-stage rapeseed in response to waterlogging stress were investigated in the B. napus cultivar ‘Zhongshuang 11’ (ZS11) and its anthocyanin-more (am) mutant, which was identified in our previous study. The mutant showed stronger waterlogging tolerance compared with ZS11, and waterlogging stress significantly increased anthocyanin, soluble sugar and malondialdehyde contents and decreased chlorophyll contents in the mutant after 12 days of waterlogging. An RNA-seq analysis identified 1370 and 2336 differently expressed genes (DEGs) responding to waterlogging stress in ZS11 and am, respectively. An enrichment analysis revealed that the DEGs in ZS11 were predominately involved in carbohydrate metabolism, whereas those in the am mutant were particularly enriched in plant hormone signal transduction and response to endogenous stimulation. In total, 299 DEGs were identified as anthocyanin biosynthesis-related structural genes (24) and regulatory genes encoding transcription factors (275), which may explain the increased anthocyanin content in the am mutant. A total of 110 genes clustered in the plant hormone signal transduction pathway were also identified as DEGs, including 70 involved in auxin and ethylene signal transduction that were significantly changed in the mutant. Furthermore, the expression levels of 16 DEGs with putative roles in anthocyanin accumulation and biotic/abiotic stress responses were validated by quantitative real-time PCR as being consistent with the transcriptome profiles. Conclusion This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of increased anthocyanin contents in rapeseed in response to waterlogging stress, which should be useful for reducing the damage caused by waterlogging stress and for further breeding new rapeseed varieties with high waterlogging tolerance. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13068-022-02155-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Na Ding
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Rui Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Teng Li
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ming Li
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Wei-Jie Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yan-Kun Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jun Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiao-Li Tan
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
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11
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Mahoney JD, Wang S, Iorio LA, Wegrzyn JL, Dorris M, Martin D, Bolling BW, Brand MH, Wang H. De novo assembly of a fruit transcriptome set identifies AmMYB10 as a key regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis in Aronia melanocarpa. BMC Plant Biol 2022; 22:143. [PMID: 35337270 PMCID: PMC8951710 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03518-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Aronia is a group of deciduous fruiting shrubs, of the Rosaceae family, native to eastern North America. Interest in Aronia has increased because of the high levels of dietary antioxidants in Aronia fruits. Using Illumina RNA-seq transcriptome analysis, this study investigates the molecular mechanisms of polyphenol biosynthesis during Aronia fruit development. Six A. melanocarpa (diploid) accessions were collected at four fruit developmental stages. De novo assembly was performed with 341 million clean reads from 24 samples and assembled into 90,008 transcripts with an average length of 801 bp. The transcriptome had 96.1% complete according to Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs (BUSCOs). The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in flavonoid biosynthetic and metabolic processes, pigment biosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolic processes, and polysaccharide metabolic processes based on significant Gene Ontology (GO) biological terms. The expression of ten anthocyanin biosynthetic genes showed significant up-regulation during fruit development according to the transcriptomic data, which was further confirmed using qRT-PCR expression analyses. Additionally, transcription factor genes were identified among the DEGs. Using a transient expression assay, we confirmed that AmMYB10 induces anthocyanin biosynthesis. The de novo transcriptome data provides a valuable resource for the understanding the molecular mechanisms of fruit anthocyanin biosynthesis in Aronia and species of the Rosaceae family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Mahoney
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Sining Wang
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Liam A Iorio
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Jill L Wegrzyn
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
- Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Matthew Dorris
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Derek Martin
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Bradley W Bolling
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Mark H Brand
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Huanzhong Wang
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA.
- Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA.
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12
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Wang W, Fang H, Aslam M, Du H, Chen J, Luo H, Chen W, Liu X. MYB gene family in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum revealing their potential functions in the adaption to nitrogen deficiency and diurnal cycle. J Phycol 2022; 58:121-132. [PMID: 34634129 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The MYB transcription factor (TF) family is one of the largest and most important TF families, regulating the growth and response of microalgae to stress. However, the gene structure and characteristics of Phaeodactylum tricornutum MYB TFs, and their functions under nitrogen deficiency, have not been explored yet. To identify all P. tricornutum MYB (PtMYB) genes, the MYB gene family was analyzed at the genome-wide level in this study. A total ofm26 PtMYB genes were identified from the genome of P. tricornutum. These PtMYB genes were divided into 5 subfamilies: 5R-MYB, 4R-MYB, R2R3-MYB, R1R2R3-MYB, and MYB-related proteins. Phylogenetical motif and gene structure analyses of MYB genes indicated that the number and proportion of MYB TFs were species-specific, and MYB genes exhibited a lot of duplication events from microalgae to higher plants. Furthermore, the differentially expressed patterns of all 26 PtMYB TFs implied that PtMYB genes might have functional specificity under nitrogen deficiency. Homology analysis of MYB genes revealed that PtMYB3, PtMYB15, and PtMYB21 might play important roles in the regulation of the diurnal cycle and response to nitrogen stress in P. tricornutum. PtMYB3, PtMYB15, and PtMYB21 genes might be used as potential candidate genes for further studying the regulatory mechanisms of P. tricornutum under nitrogen deficiency. This work provides an important foundation for the future research of the potential functions of PtMYB genes and its diurnal regulatory mechanisms under nitrogen deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanna Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, College of Sciences, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, College of Sciences, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Aslam
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, College of Sciences, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- Faculty of Marine Sciences, Water and Marine Sciences, Lasbela University of Agriculture, Uthal, Pakistan
| | - Hong Du
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, College of Sciences, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jichen Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, College of Sciences, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haodong Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, College of Sciences, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weizhou Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, College of Sciences, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojuan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, College of Sciences, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
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13
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Cheng X, Wang P, Chen Q, Ma T, Wang R, Gao Y, Zhu H, Liu Y, Liu B, Sun X, Fang Y. Enhancement of anthocyanin and chromatic profiles in 'Cabernet Sauvignon' (Vitis vinifera L.) by foliar nitrogen fertilizer during veraison. J Sci Food Agric 2022; 102:383-395. [PMID: 34143902 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The influence of foliar nitrogen fertilizer during veraison (FNFV) on anthocyanin accumulation and chromatic characteristics of 'Cabernet Sauvignon' grapes over two seasons was investigated. RESULTS Urea and phenylalanine fertilizers (TU and TP, respectively) and a control were sprayed three times at veraison. In 2018, TU displayed a significant enhancement in total individual anthocyanin content and a* and Cab * profiles. In 2019, FNAV significantly improved the content of total non-acylated, acylated anthocyanin and total individual anthocyanin, and the profiles of L*, a* and Cab *, except a* in TU. The whole process from phenylalanine variation to anthocyanin accumulation in grape skins was analyzed. On the whole, after the first FNFV to harvest, the increase in phenylalanine metabolism, abscisic acid content, effects of PAL (Phenylalanine ammonia lyase), UFGT (UDP glucose-flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase) and transcript concentrations of VvPAL and VvUFGT involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis were also strong evidence explaining the increased anthocyanin and chromatic profiles in 2019. CONCLUSION Overall, FNFV for nitrogen-deficient grapevines could significantly improve grape color, especially in the 2019 veraison with a proper climate. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghan Cheng
- College of Enology, College of Food Science and Engineering, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Technology Center of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Heyang Viti-Viniculture Station, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Panpan Wang
- College of Enology, College of Food Science and Engineering, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Technology Center of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Heyang Viti-Viniculture Station, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Qianyi Chen
- College of Enology, College of Food Science and Engineering, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Technology Center of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Heyang Viti-Viniculture Station, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Tingting Ma
- College of Enology, College of Food Science and Engineering, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Technology Center of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Heyang Viti-Viniculture Station, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Rui Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yajun Gao
- College of Enology, College of Food Science and Engineering, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Technology Center of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Heyang Viti-Viniculture Station, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Hongda Zhu
- College of Enology, College of Food Science and Engineering, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Technology Center of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Heyang Viti-Viniculture Station, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Buchun Liu
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyu Sun
- College of Enology, College of Food Science and Engineering, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Technology Center of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Heyang Viti-Viniculture Station, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yulin Fang
- College of Enology, College of Food Science and Engineering, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Technology Center of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Heyang Viti-Viniculture Station, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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14
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Yang N, Zhou Y, Wang Z, Zhang Z, Xi Z, Wang X. Emerging roles of brassinosteroids and light in anthocyanin biosynthesis and ripeness of climacteric and non-climacteric fruits. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-13. [PMID: 34793267 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.2004579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are important pigments that contribute to fruit quality. The regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis by several transcription factors via sophisticated regulatory networks has been studied in various plants. Brassinosteroids (BRs), a new class of plant hormone, are involved in regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis in fruits. Furthermore, light directly affects the synthesis and distribution of anthocyanins. Here, we summarize the recent progress toward understanding the impact of BR and light on anthocyanin biosynthesis in climacteric and non-climacteric fruits. We review the BR and light signaling pathways and highlight the important transcription factors that are associated with the synthesis of anthocyanins, such as BZR1 (brassinazole-resistant 1, BR signaling pathway), HY5 (elongated hypocotyl 5) and COP1 (constitutively photomorphogenic 1, light signal transduction pathway), which bind with the target genes involved in anthocyanin synthesis. In addition, we review the mechanism by which light signals interact with hormonal signals to regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Yang
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yali Zhou
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,College of Biological and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China
| | - Zhaoxiang Wang
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zhenwen Zhang
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Yangling, China
| | - Zhumei Xi
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Yangling, China
| | - Xuefei Wang
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Yangling, China
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15
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Li F, Wu B, Yan L, Qin X, Lai J. Metabolome and transcriptome profiling of Theobroma cacao provides insights into the molecular basis of pod color variation. J Plant Res 2021; 134:1323-1334. [PMID: 34420146 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-021-01338-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The Theobroma cacao presents a wide diversity in pod color among different cultivars. Although flavonoid biosynthesis has been studied in many plants, molecular mechanisms governing the diversity of coloration in cacao pods are largely unknown. The flavonoid metabolite profiles and flavonoid biosynthetic gene expression in the pod exocarps of light green pod 'TAS 410' (GW), green pod 'TAS 166' (GF), and mauve pod 'TAS 168' (PF) were determined. Changes in flavonoid metabolites, particularly the anthocyanins (cyanidin 3-O-galactoside, cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, and cyanidin O-syringic acid) were significantly up-accumulated in the mauve phenotype (PF) compared to the light green or green phenotypes, endowing the pod color change from light green or green to mauve. Consistently, the PF phenotype showed different expression patterns of flavonoid biosynthetic structural genes in comparison with GW/GF phenotypes. The expression level of LAR and ANR in GW/GF was significantly higher than PF, while the expression level of UFGT in GW/GF was lower than PF. These genes likely generated more anthocyanins in the exocarps samples of PF than that of GW/GF. Simultaneously, colorless flavan-3-ols (catechin, epicatechin and proanthocyanidin) content in the exocarp samples of PF was lower than GW/GF. Additionally, MYB (gene18079) and bHLH (gene5045 and gene21575) may participate in the regulation of the pod color. This study sheds light on the molecular basis of cacao pod color variation, which will contribute to breeding cacao varieties with enhanced flavonoid profiles for nutritional applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fupeng Li
- Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wanning, 571533, Hainan, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources Utilization of Spice and Beverage Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wanning, 571533, Hainan, China
| | - Baoduo Wu
- Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wanning, 571533, Hainan, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources Utilization of Spice and Beverage Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wanning, 571533, Hainan, China
| | - Lin Yan
- Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wanning, 571533, Hainan, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources Utilization of Spice and Beverage Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wanning, 571533, Hainan, China
| | - Xiaowei Qin
- Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wanning, 571533, Hainan, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources Utilization of Spice and Beverage Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wanning, 571533, Hainan, China
| | - Jianxiong Lai
- Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wanning, 571533, Hainan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources Utilization of Spice and Beverage Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wanning, 571533, Hainan, China.
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16
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Li T, Mann R, Kaur J, Spangenberg G, Sawbridge T. Transcriptome Analyses of Barley Roots Inoculated with Novel Paenibacillus sp. and Erwinia gerundensis Strains Reveal Beneficial Early-Stage Plant-Bacteria Interactions. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:plants10091802. [PMID: 34579335 PMCID: PMC8467301 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Plant growth-promoting bacteria can improve host plant traits including nutrient uptake and metabolism and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Understanding the molecular basis of plant–bacteria interactions using dual RNA-seq analyses provides key knowledge of both host and bacteria simultaneously, leading to future enhancements of beneficial interactions. In this study, dual RNA-seq analyses were performed to provide insights into the early-stage interactions between barley seedlings and three novel bacterial strains (two Paenibacillus sp. strains and one Erwinia gerundensis strain) isolated from the perennial ryegrass seed microbiome. Differentially expressed bacterial and barley genes/transcripts involved in plant–bacteria interactions were identified, with varying species- and strain-specific responses. Overall, transcriptome profiles suggested that all three strains improved stress response, signal transduction, and nutrient uptake and metabolism of barley seedlings. Results also suggested potential improvements in seedling root growth via repressing ethylene biosynthesis in roots. Bacterial secondary metabolite gene clusters producing compounds that are potentially associated with interactions with the barley endophytic microbiome and associated with stress tolerance of plants under nutrient limiting conditions were also identified. The results of this study provided the molecular basis of plant growth-promoting activities of three novel bacterial strains in barley, laid a solid foundation for the future development of these three bacterial strains as biofertilisers, and identified key differences between bacterial strains of the same species in their responses to plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongda Li
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (R.M.); (J.K.); (G.S.); (T.S.)
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-3-9032-7088
| | - Ross Mann
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (R.M.); (J.K.); (G.S.); (T.S.)
| | - Jatinder Kaur
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (R.M.); (J.K.); (G.S.); (T.S.)
| | - German Spangenberg
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (R.M.); (J.K.); (G.S.); (T.S.)
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Timothy Sawbridge
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (R.M.); (J.K.); (G.S.); (T.S.)
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
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17
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Marchev AS, Vasileva LV, Amirova KM, Savova MS, Balcheva-Sivenova ZP, Georgiev MI. Metabolomics and health: from nutritional crops and plant-based pharmaceuticals to profiling of human biofluids. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:6487-6503. [PMID: 34410445 PMCID: PMC8558153 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03918-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
During the past decade metabolomics has emerged as one of the fastest developing branches of “-omics” technologies. Metabolomics involves documentation, identification, and quantification of metabolites through modern analytical platforms in various biological systems. Advanced analytical tools, such as gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS), liquid chromatography–mass spectroscopy (LC/MS), and non-destructive nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, have facilitated metabolite profiling of complex biological matrices. Metabolomics, along with transcriptomics, has an influential role in discovering connections between genetic regulation, metabolite phenotyping and biomarkers identification. Comprehensive metabolite profiling allows integration of the summarized data towards manipulation of biosynthetic pathways, determination of nutritional quality markers, improvement in crop yield, selection of desired metabolites/genes, and their heritability in modern breeding. Along with that, metabolomics is invaluable in predicting the biological activity of medicinal plants, assisting the bioactivity-guided fractionation process and bioactive leads discovery, as well as serving as a tool for quality control and authentication of commercial plant-derived natural products. Metabolomic analysis of human biofluids is implemented in clinical practice to discriminate between physiological and pathological state in humans, to aid early disease biomarker discovery and predict individual response to drug therapy. Thus, metabolomics could be utilized to preserve human health by improving the nutritional quality of crops and accelerating plant-derived bioactive leads discovery through disease diagnostics, or through increasing the therapeutic efficacy of drugs via more personalized approach. Here, we attempt to explore the potential value of metabolite profiling comprising the above-mentioned applications of metabolomics in crop improvement, medicinal plants utilization, and, in the prognosis, diagnosis and management of complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey S Marchev
- Department Plant Cell Biotechnology, Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.,Laboratory of Metabolomics, Department of Biotechnology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Liliya V Vasileva
- Department Plant Cell Biotechnology, Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.,Laboratory of Metabolomics, Department of Biotechnology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Kristiana M Amirova
- Department Plant Cell Biotechnology, Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.,Laboratory of Metabolomics, Department of Biotechnology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Martina S Savova
- Department Plant Cell Biotechnology, Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.,Laboratory of Metabolomics, Department of Biotechnology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Zhivka P Balcheva-Sivenova
- Department Plant Cell Biotechnology, Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.,Laboratory of Metabolomics, Department of Biotechnology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Milen I Georgiev
- Department Plant Cell Biotechnology, Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria. .,Laboratory of Metabolomics, Department of Biotechnology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
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18
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Abstract
Anthocyanins play a variety of adaptive roles in both vegetative tissues and reproductive organs of plants. The broad functionality of these compounds requires sophisticated regulation of the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway to allow proper localization, timing, and optimal intensity of pigment deposition. While it is well-established that the committed steps of anthocyanin biosynthesis are activated by a highly conserved MYB-bHLH-WDR (MBW) protein complex in virtually all flowering plants, anthocyanin repression seems to be achieved by a wide variety of protein and small RNA families that function in different tissue types and in response to different developmental, environmental, and hormonal cues. In this review, we survey recent progress in the identification of anthocyanin repressors and the characterization of their molecular mechanisms. We find that these seemingly very different repression modules act through a remarkably similar logic, the so-called 'double-negative logic'. Much of the double-negative regulation of anthocyanin production involves signal-induced degradation or sequestration of the repressors from the MBW protein complex. We discuss the functional and evolutionary advantages of this logic design compared with simple or sequential positive regulation. These advantages provide a plausible explanation as to why plants have evolved so many anthocyanin repressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M LaFountain
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, 75 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT, 06269-3043, USA
| | - Yao-Wu Yuan
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, 75 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT, 06269-3043, USA
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19
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Fiaz M, Wang C, Zia Ul Haq M, Haider MS, Zheng T, Mengqing G, Jia H, Jiu S, Fang J. Molecular Evaluation of Kyoho Grape Leaf and Berry Characteristics Influenced by Different NPK Fertilizers. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:1578. [PMID: 34451623 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Fertilization, a fundamental aspect of a plant’s life, has been of great concern for agricultural specialists to minimize the yield gap between actual and potential yield. Around the globe, fertilizers with different NPK ratios are being used to attain a better yield of grape. To find the suitable commercially available fertilizer for quality grape production, a 2 years (2017–2018) study was conducted for the evaluation of 10 fertilizers with different NPK ratios. Commercial fertilizers included were Zhanlan (16:16:16), Garsoni (15:15:15), Acron (16:16:16), Norway (21:7:12), Peters 1 (30:10:10), Nutrivant (14:14:30), Peters 2 (20:20:20), UMAX (15:15:15), G2 (20:20:20), and Yara (15:15:15). The fertilizer application rate was 20 g plant−1, and each was applied at L-29, L-33, and L-36 phenological stages. Chlorophylls, carotenoids, macro/micronutrients in leaf, and anthocyanin derivatives in grape peel were evaluated. Expression levels of 24 genes, including nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, and anthocyanin pathways in leaf, peel, and pulp were validated by qPCR at L-29, L-33, and L-36 stages. Results indicated that Norway (21:7:12) and Peters 1 (30:10:10) increased carotenoids, chlorophylls, and anthocyanins in leaves, while Zhanlan (16:16:16) improved fruit biochemical attributes, and anthocyanin (cyanidin, delphinidin, petunidin, malvidin, peonidin, and pelargonidin contents). However, a better grape yield was obtained by the application of Peters 1 (30:10:10). Potassium pathway genes were upregulated by Nutrivant (14:14:30), phosphorous pathway genes by Peters 2 (20:20:20), and nitrogen pathway genes by Peters 1 (30:10:10), while Nutrivant (14:14:30) upregulated anthocyanin pathway genes and simultaneously enhanced anthocyanin biosynthesis in berry peels. Results of two years’ study concluded that Peters 1 (30:10:10) was proved better to increase yield, while Zhanlan (14:14:30) was superior in improving anthocyanin biosynthesis.
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20
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Martínez-Lüscher J, Kurtural SK. Same Season and Carry-Over Effects of Source-Sink Adjustments on Grapevine Yields and Non-structural Carbohydrates. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:695319. [PMID: 34381481 PMCID: PMC8350779 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.695319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is managed to balance the ratio of leaf area (source) to fruit mass (sink). Over cropping in the grapevine may reveal itself as spontaneous fruit abortion, delayed ripening, or as alternate bearing. The aim of this work was to study the same season and carry-over effects of manipulating source to sink ratios on grapevine phenology, leaf gas exchange, yield components, berry soluble solids accumulation, and reserve carbohydrate and soluble sugar concentration in roots. Cabernet Sauvignon grapevines were subjected to defoliation (33, 66, and 100% of the leaves retained) and fruit removal treatments (33, 66, and 100% of clusters retained) arranged in a factorial design. Results from two seasons of source-sink manipulations were substantially different. In both seasons defoliation treatments affected season-long net carbon assimilation (A N ) and stomatal conductance (g s ) where the less leaves were retained, the greater the A N and g s , and fruit removal had no impact on leaf gas exchange. In the first season, leaf area to fruit mass was hardly related to berry soluble solids and in the second season they were strongly correlated, suggesting a degree of acclimation. Defoliation treatments had great impacts on berry size, berries per cluster, and total soluble solids in both years. Fruit removal treatments only had effects on berry mass and berries per cluster in the first season, and only on berry soluble solids in the second. The predominant effect of defoliation (carbon starvation) cascaded onto reducing root starch content, root mass and delaying of veraison and leaf senescence, as well as harvest which was delayed up to 9 weeks with 33% of the leaves retained. In a third season, where grapevines grew without treatments, defoliation treatments had resultant carryover effects, including reduced leaf area, number of berries per cluster, clusters per vine, and yield, but not on leaf gas exchange dependent on previous seasons' severity of defoliation. Balancing source-to-sink ratio is crucial to obtain an adequate speed of ripening. However, this was the culmination of a more complex whole-plant regulation where the number of leaves (source strength) outweighed the effects of fruits (sink strength).
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21
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Lee YJ, Lee WJ, Le QT, Hong SW, Lee H. Growth Performance Can Be Increased Under High Nitrate and High Salt Stress Through Enhanced Nitrate Reductase Activity in Arabidopsis Anthocyanin Over-Producing Mutant Plants. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:644455. [PMID: 34276717 PMCID: PMC8280297 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.644455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen is one of the most important macro-nutrients for plant growth and crop productivity. The amount of synthetic nitrogen fertilizers supplied to crops has dramatically increased, leading to a notable rise in crop yields. However, excessive nitrogen use has an enormous negative impact on ecosystems and human health through the emission of intense greenhouse gases, such as nitric oxide derived from the nitrate (NO3 -) assimilation cascade. Additionally, owing to the development of extensive irrigation in agriculture, crops are known to suffer from high salt stress. The effect of excessive nitrogen fertilizer application has been studied in some crops, but the effect of high nitrate level and salt stress on plant stress tolerance has not been studied in detail. Therefore, in this study we aimed to study the effects of high concentrations of NO3 - on salt stress tolerance in Arabidopsis. In addition, since anthocyanin functions as a reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger under abiotic stress conditions, we investigated whether enhanced anthocyanin content helps Arabidopsis to withstand higher salt stress levels under high NO3 - concentrations by using pap1-D/fls1ko double mutant plants, which accumulate excessive amount of anthocyanin. We found that Col-0 plants are more sensitive to salt stress under high NO3 - concentrations. Although both the pap1-D/fls1ko and fls1ko plants accumulated higher anthocyanin levels and radical scavenging activities than Col-0 plants under both normal and salt stress conditions, the fls1ko plants exhibited much better growth than the pap1-D/fls1ko plants. It appears that the enhanced NR activities and transcript levels of NIA1 and NIA2 in pap1-D/fls1ko and fls1ko plants led to an increase in the synthesis of proteins and proline, which increases osmolytes against salt stress. Our results demonstrate that optimal levels of anthocyanin accumulation can enhance growth performance of plants under high NO3 - and salt stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Ji Lee
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Won Je Lee
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Life Science and Natural Resources, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Quang Tri Le
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Suk-Whan Hong
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Bioenergy Research Center, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Hojoung Lee
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Life Science and Natural Resources, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
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22
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Prinsi B, Muratore C, Espen L. Biochemical and Proteomic Changes in the Roots of M4 Grapevine Rootstock in Response to Nitrate Availability. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:plants10040792. [PMID: 33920578 PMCID: PMC8073184 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In agricultural soils, nitrate (NO3-) is the major nitrogen (N) nutrient for plants, but few studies have analyzed molecular and biochemical responses involved in its acquisition by grapevine roots. In viticulture, considering grafting, NO3- acquisition is strictly dependent on rootstock. To improve the knowledge about N nutrition in grapevine, this study analyzed biochemical and proteomic changes induced by, NO3- availability, in a hydroponic system, in the roots of M4, a recently selected grapevine rootstock. The evaluation of biochemical parameters, such as NO3-, sugar and amino acid contents in roots, and the abundance of nitrate reductase, allowed us to define the time course of the metabolic adaptations to NO3- supply. On the basis of these results, the proteomic analysis was conducted by comparing the root profiles in N-starved plants and after 30 h of NO3- resupply. The analysis quantified 461 proteins, 26% of which differed in abundance between conditions. Overall, this approach highlighted, together with an increased N assimilatory metabolism, a concomitant rise in the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway and glycolysis, needed to fulfill the redox power and carbon skeleton demands, respectively. Moreover, a wide modulation of protein and amino acid metabolisms and changes of proteins involved in root development were observed. Finally, some results open new questions about the importance of redox-related post-translational modifications and of NO3- availability in modulating the dialog between root and rhizosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luca Espen
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-503-16610
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23
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Squeri C, Miras-Moreno B, Gatti M, Garavani A, Poni S, Lucini L, Trevisan M. Gas exchange, vine performance and modulation of secondary metabolism in Vitis vinifera L. cv Barbera following long-term nitrogen deficit. Planta 2021; 253:73. [PMID: 33615406 PMCID: PMC7897622 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03590-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
A reprogramming of secondary metabolism to acclimate to nitrogen deficiency was seen in grapevine eliciting an accumulation of strigolactones and jasmonate. This response links with photosynthetic compensation and enhanced ripening. In addition to the metabolism directly related to nitrogen assimilation, long-term nitrogen depletion may affect plant secondary metabolism, in turn affecting grapevine performance. In this work, the effect of nitrogen deficit was investigated in V. vinifera cv. Barbera potted vines following three years of deprivation, using a combination of morpho-physiological assessments and mass spectrometry-based untargeted metabolomics. Plants grown under nitrogen limitation showed reduced growth and even more curtailed yields, lowered SPAD values, and a quite preserved leaf gas exchange, compared to plants grown under non-limiting nitrogen availability. Ripening was decidedly accelerated, and berry composition improved in terms of higher sugar and phenolic contents under nitrogen-limiting conditions. Metabolomics showed the broad involvement of secondary metabolism in acclimation to nitrogen deficiency, including a distinctive modulation of the phytohormone profile. Several nitrogen-containing metabolites were down accumulated under nitrogen-limiting conditions, including alkaloids, glucosinolates, hypoxanthine, and inosine. On the other hand, phenylpropanoids showed an accumulation trend. Concerning the recruitment of hormones, nitrogen deprivation elicited an accumulation of strigolactones and jasmonate. Noteworthy, both strigolactones and jasmonates have been previously related to increased photosynthetic efficiency under abiotic stress. Furthermore, the severe reduction of lateral shoot development we recorded in N-deprived vines is consistent with the accumulation of strigolactones. Overall, our results suggest that nitrogen deprivation induced a rather broad metabolic reprogramming, mainly including secondary metabolism and hormones profile, reflected in the modulation of photosynthetic performance, canopy growth, and possibly fruit quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Squeri
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense, 84, 29122, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Begoña Miras-Moreno
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Matteo Gatti
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense, 84, 29122, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Alessandra Garavani
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense, 84, 29122, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Stefano Poni
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense, 84, 29122, Piacenza, Italy.
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Marco Trevisan
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122, Piacenza, Italy
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24
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Ouadi L, Bruez E, Bastien S, Yacoub A, Coppin C, Guérin-Dubrana L, Fontaine F, Domec JC, Rey P. Sap Flow Disruption in Grapevine Is the Early Signal Predicting the Structural, Functional, and Genetic Responses to Esca Disease. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:695846. [PMID: 34276744 PMCID: PMC8281252 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.695846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Fungal species involved in Esca cause the formation of grapevine wood necroses. It results in the deterioration of vascular network transport capacity and the disturbance of the physiological processes, leading to gradual or sudden grapevine death. Herein, for two consecutive growing seasons, a detailed analysis of the structural (wood necrosis and leaf discoloration) and physiological parameters related to the water use of healthy and esca-symptomatic grapevines was conducted. Measurements were carried out on 17-year-old grapevines that expressed, or not, Esca-leaf symptoms in a vineyard of the Bordeaux region (France). Whole-plant transpiration was recorded continuously from pre-veraison to harvest, using noninvasive sap flow sensors. Whole-plant transpiration was systematically about 40-50% lower in Esca-diseased grapevines compared with controls, and this difference can be observed around 2 weeks before the first Esca-foliar symptoms appeared in the vineyard. Unlike grapevine sap flow disruption, structural (e.g., leaf discolorations), functional (e.g., stomatal conductance, photosynthetic activity, phenolic compounds), and genetic (e.g., expression of leaf-targeted genes) plant responses were only significantly impacted by Esca at the onset and during leaf symptoms development. We conclude that sap flow dynamic, which was related to a high level of a white-rot necrosis, provides a useful tool to predict plant disorders due to Esca-grapevine disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loris Ouadi
- INRAE, ISVV, UMR1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble (SAVE), Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Emilie Bruez
- Université de Bordeaux, ISVV, UR Œnologie, Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, UMR1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble (SAVE), ISVV, Gradignan, France
| | - Sylvie Bastien
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, UMR1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble (SAVE), ISVV, Gradignan, France
| | - Amira Yacoub
- INRAE, ISVV, UMR1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble (SAVE), Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Cindy Coppin
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes (RIBP), EA 4707 – USC INRAE 1488, Reims, France
| | - Lucia Guérin-Dubrana
- INRAE, ISVV, UMR1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble (SAVE), Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, UMR1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble (SAVE), ISVV, Gradignan, France
| | - Florence Fontaine
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes (RIBP), EA 4707 – USC INRAE 1488, Reims, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Domec
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRAE UMR1391 Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (ISPA), Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Patrice Rey
- INRAE, ISVV, UMR1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble (SAVE), Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, UMR1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble (SAVE), ISVV, Gradignan, France
- *Correspondence: Patrice Rey,
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25
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Yin H, Li B, Wang X, Xi Z. Effect of ammonium and nitrate supplies on nitrogen and sucrose metabolism of Cabernet Sauvignon (Vitis vinifera cv.). J Sci Food Agric 2020; 100:5239-5250. [PMID: 32520394 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The quality of wine is highly dependent on the quality of berries. Development of berries is influenced by the type and ratio of different nitrogen supplies in the soil. To understand the impact of varying sources and levels of nitrate and ammonium on sucrose and nitrogen metabolism of Vitis vinifera cv. Cabernet Sauvignon, we tested nutrient solutions with four NO3 - -N:NH4 + -N ratios (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 0:100) through the root system. RESULTS The form and quantity of nitrogen affected berries and leaves with source-sink relationships. Soluble sugar levels were significantly higher in plants treated with mixed nitrogen sources (75:25 and 50:50) compared to single nitrogen sources (100:0 and 0:100). In particular, treating plants with mixed nitrogen source at a 75:25 ratio resulted in 22% higher fructose levels in berries compared to the 50:50 treatment. In addition, mixed nitrogen treatments resulted in significantly higher amino acid levels and protein content. Mixed nitrogen substrates also increased the expression of enzymes involved in both nitrogen and sucrose metabolism. CONCLUSION Plants did not maximize the nitrogen supply when single form nitrogen was provided, and the mixed nitrogen substrates consistently increased the amount of available carbon and nitrogen in the berries and leaves. We found that NO3 - -N:NH4 + -N ratio of 75:25 was the optimum formula for improving nitrogen and sucrose metabolism, and reducing the competition between nitrogen and sucrose. By examining the nutrient utilization of plants cultivated with different nitrogen forms, the present study provides insights into improving cultivation and production practices. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haining Yin
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bing Li
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xuefei Wang
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhumei Xi
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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26
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Belwal T, Singh G, Jeandet P, Pandey A, Giri L, Ramola S, Bhatt ID, Venskutonis PR, Georgiev MI, Clément C, Luo Z. Anthocyanins, multi-functional natural products of industrial relevance: Recent biotechnological advances. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 43:107600. [PMID: 32693016 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins, the color compounds of plants, are known for their wide applications in food, nutraceuticals and cosmetic industry. The biosynthetic pathway of anthocyanins is well established with the identification of potential key regulatory genes, which makes it possible to modulate its production by biotechnological means. Various biotechnological systems, including use of in vitro plant cell or tissue cultures as well as microorganisms have been used for the production of anthocyanins under controlled conditions, however, a wide range of factors affects their production. In addition, metabolic engineering technologies have also used the heterologous production of anthocyanins in recombinant plants and microorganisms. However, these approaches have mostly been tested at the lab- and pilot-scales, while very few up-scaling studies have been undertaken. Various challenges and ways of investigation are proposed here to improve anthocyanin production by using the in vitro plant cell or tissue culture and metabolic engineering of plants and microbial culture systems. All these methods are capable of modulating the production of anthocyanins , which can be further utilized for pharmaceutical, cosmetics and food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Belwal
- Zhejiang University, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Processing, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China.
| | - Gopal Singh
- G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Kosi- Katarmal, Almora 263643, India; Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Philippe Jeandet
- Research Unit, Induced Resistance and Plant Bioprotection, EA 4707, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Faculty of Sciences, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, PO Box 1039, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - Aseesh Pandey
- G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Sikkim Regional Centre, Pangthang, Gangtok 737101, Sikkim, India
| | - Lalit Giri
- G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Kosi- Katarmal, Almora 263643, India
| | - Sudipta Ramola
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Indra D Bhatt
- G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Kosi- Katarmal, Almora 263643, India
| | - Petras Rimantas Venskutonis
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų pl. 19, Kaunas LT-50254, Lithuania
| | - Milen I Georgiev
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Laboratory of Metabolomics, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Christophe Clément
- Research Unit, Induced Resistance and Plant Bioprotection, EA 4707, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Faculty of Sciences, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, PO Box 1039, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - Zisheng Luo
- Zhejiang University, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Processing, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang R&D Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China; Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, People's Republic of China.
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Zuñiga PE, Castañeda Y, Arrey-Salas O, Fuentes L, Aburto F, Figueroa CR. Methyl Jasmonate Applications From Flowering to Ripe Fruit Stages of Strawberry ( Fragaria × ananassa 'Camarosa') Reinforce the Fruit Antioxidant Response at Post-harvest. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:538. [PMID: 32457779 PMCID: PMC7225341 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Preharvest applications of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) have been shown to improve post-harvest fruit quality in strawberry fruit. However, the effectiveness of consecutive field applications at different phenological stages on the reinforcement of the antioxidant capacity remains to be analyzed. To determine the best antioxidant response of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa 'Camarosa') fruit to different numbers and timing of MeJA applications, we performed three differential preharvest treatments (M1, M2, and M3) consisted of successive field applications of 250 μmol L-1 MeJA at flowering (M3), large green (M2 and M3), and ripe fruit stages (M1, M2, and M3). Then, we analyzed their effects on fruit quality parameters [firmness, skin color, soluble solids content/titratable acidity (SSC/TA) ratio, fruit weight at harvest, and weight loss] along with anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin (PA) accumulation; the antioxidant-related enzymatic activity of catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (POX), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX); the total flavonoid and phenolic contents, antioxidant capacity, and ascorbic acid content (AAC) during post-harvest storage (0, 24, 48, and 72 h). We also evaluated the effect on lignin, total carbon and nitrogen (%C and N), lipid peroxidation, and C and N isotopes signatures on fruits. Remarkably, the results indicated that MeJA treatment increases anthocyanin and PA contents as well as CAT activity in post-harvest storage, depending on the number of preharvest MeJA applications. Also, M3 fruit showed a higher AAC compared to control at 48 and 72 h. Noticeably, the anthocyanin content and CAT activity were more elevated in M3 treatment comparing with control at all post-harvest times. In turn, APX activity was found higher on all MeJA-treated fruit independent of the number of applications. Unlike, MeJA applications did not generate variations on fruit firmness and weight, lignin contents,% C and N, and in lipid peroxidation and water/nitrogen use efficiency according to C and N isotope discrimination. Finally, we concluded that an increasing number of MeJA applications (M3 treatment) improve anthocyanin, PA, AAC, and CAT activity that could play an essential role against reactive oxygen species, which cause stress that affects fruits during post-harvest storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paz E. Zuñiga
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Campus Talca, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Yasna Castañeda
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Campus Talca, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Oscar Arrey-Salas
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Campus Talca, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Lida Fuentes
- Centro Regional de Estudios en Alimentos Saludables, CONICYT-Regional GORE Valparaíso Proyecto R17A10001, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Felipe Aburto
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Suelos, Aguas y Bosques, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Carlos R. Figueroa
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Campus Talca, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
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Vetö NM, Guzman F, Kulcheski FR, Segatto ALA, Lacerda MEG, Margis R, Turchetto-Zolet AC. Transcriptomics analysis of Psidium cattleyanum Sabine (Myrtaceae) unveil potential genes involved in fruit pigmentation. Genet Mol Biol 2020; 43:e20190255. [PMID: 32353098 PMCID: PMC7199922 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2019-0255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Psidium cattleyanum Sabine is an Atlantic Forest native species
that presents some populations with red fruits and others with yellow fruits.
This variation in fruit pigmentation in this species is an intriguing character
that could be related to species evolution but still needs to be further
explored. Our goal was to provide genomic information for these morphotypes to
understand the molecular mechanisms of differences in fruit colour in this
species. In this study, we performed a comparative transcriptome analysis of red
and yellow morphotypes of P. cattleyanum, considering two
stages of fruit ripening. The transcriptomic analysis performed encompassing
leaves, unripe and ripe fruits, in triplicate for each morphotype. The
transcriptome consensus from each morphotype showed 301,058 and 298,310 contigs
from plants with yellow and red fruits, respectively. The differential
expression revealed important genes that were involved in anthocyanins
biosynthesis, such as the anthocyanidin synthase (ANS) and
UDP-glucose:flavonoid-o-glucosyltransferase (UFGT) that were differentially
regulated during fruit ripening. This study reveals stimulating data for the
understanding of the pathways and mechanisms involved in the maturation and
colouring of P. cattleyanum fruits and suggests that the ANS
and UFGT genes are key factors involved in the synthase and pigmentation
accumulation in red fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Vetö
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Genética, Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Frank Guzman
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Centro de Biotecnologia e Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria, Dirección de Recursos Genéticos y Biotecnología, Lima, Peru
| | - Franceli R Kulcheski
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Celular e o Desenvolvimento, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia A Segatto
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Eduarda G Lacerda
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Genética, Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rogerio Margis
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Genética, Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Centro de Biotecnologia e Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Biofísica, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Andreia C Turchetto-Zolet
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Genética, Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Gao J, Li WB, Liu HF, Chen FB. Identification of differential expression genes related to anthocyanin biosynthesis in carmine radish (Raphanus sativus L.) fleshy roots using comparative RNA-Seq method. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231729. [PMID: 32330148 PMCID: PMC7182184 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Radish (Raphanus sativus L.), is an important root vegetable crop grown worldwide, and it contains phyto-anthocyanins. However, only limited studies have been conducted to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying anthocyanin biosynthesis in the different color variants of the radish fleshy root. In this study, Illumina paired-end RNA-sequencing was employed to characterize the transcriptomic changes in seven different types of radish fleshy roots. Approximately, 126 co-modulated differentially expressed genes were obtained, and most DEGs were more likely to participate in anthocyanin biosynthesis, including two transcription factors RsMYB_9 and RsERF070, and four functional genes RsBRICK1, RsBRI1-like2, RsCOX1, and RsCRK10. In addition, some related genes such as RsCHS, RsCHI, RsANS, RsMT2-4, RsUF3GT, glutathione S-transferase F12, RsUFGT78D2-like and RsUDGT-75C1-like significantly contributed to the regulatory mechanism of anthocyanin biosynthesis in the radish cultivars. Furthermore, gene ontology analysis revealed that the anthocyanin-containing compound biosynthetic process, anthocyanin-containing compound metabolic process, and significantly enriched pathways of the co-modulated DEGs were overrepresented in these cultivars. These results will expand our understanding of the complex molecular mechanism underlying anthocyanin synthesis-related genes in radish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Gao
- School of Advanced Agriculture and Bioengineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wen-Bo Li
- School of Advanced Agriculture and Bioengineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong-Fang Liu
- School of Advanced Agriculture and Bioengineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, China
- Green Intelligence Environmental School, Yangtze Normal University, Fuling, China
| | - Fa-Bo Chen
- School of Advanced Agriculture and Bioengineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail:
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Sang Z, Yang C, Yuan H, Wang Y, Jabu D, Xu Q. Insights into the metabolic responses of two contrasting Tibetan hulless barley genotypes under low nitrogen stress. Bioinformation 2020; 15:845-852. [PMID: 32256004 PMCID: PMC7088427 DOI: 10.6026/97320630015845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is an essential macronutrient for plants. However, excessive use of N fertilizer for cultivation is an environmental hazard. A good adaption to N deficiency is known in
the Tibetan hulless barley. Therefore, it is of interest to complete the metabolic analysis on LSZQK which is a low nitrogen (low-N) sensitive genotype and Z0284 that is tolerant to
low-N. We identified and quantified 750 diverse metabolites in this analysis. The two genotypes show differences in their basal metabolome under normal N condition. Polyphenols and
lipids related metabolites were significantly enriched in Z0284 having a basal role prior to exposure to low-N stress. Analysis of the differentially accumulated metabolites (DAM)
induced by low-N explain the genotype-specific responses. Fourteen DAMs showed similar patterns of change between low-N and control conditions in both genotypes. This could be the core
low-N responsive metabolites regardless of the tolerance level in hulless barley. We also identified 4 DAMs (serotonin, MAG (18:4) isomer 2, tricin 7-O-feruloylhexoside and gluconic
acid) shared by both genotypes displaying opposite patterns of regulation under low-N conditions and may play important roles in low-N tolerance. This report provides a theoretical
basis for further understanding of the molecular mechanisms of low-N stress tolerance in hulless barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zha Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Lhasa 850002, China.,Institute of Agricultural Research, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa 850002, China
| | - Chunbao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Lhasa 850002, China.,Institute of Agricultural Research, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa 850002, China
| | - Hongjun Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Lhasa 850002, China.,Institute of Agricultural Research, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa 850002, China
| | - Yulin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Lhasa 850002, China.,Institute of Agricultural Research, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa 850002, China
| | - Dunzhu Jabu
- State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Lhasa 850002, China.,Institute of Agricultural Research, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa 850002, China
| | - Qijun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Lhasa 850002, China.,Institute of Agricultural Research, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa 850002, China
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31
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Corrado G, Lucini L, Miras-Moreno B, Chiaiese P, Colla G, De Pascale S, Rouphael Y. Metabolic Insights into the Anion-Anion Antagonism in Sweet Basil: Effects of Different Nitrate/Chloride Ratios in the Nutrient Solution. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2482. [PMID: 32260073 PMCID: PMC7177776 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is a highly versatile and globally popular culinary herb, and a rich source of aromatic and bioactive compounds. Particularly for leafy vegetables, nutrient management allows a more efficient and sustainable improvement of crop yield and quality. In this work, we investigated the effects of balanced modulation of the concentration of two antagonist anions (nitrate and chlorine) in basil. Specifically, we evaluated the changes in yield and leaf metabolic profiles in response to four different NO3-:Cl- ratios in two consecutive harvests, using a full factorial design. Our work indicated that the variation of the nitrate-chloride ratio exerts a large effect on both metabolomic profile and yield in basil, which cannot be fully explained only by an anion-anion antagonist outcome. The metabolomic reprogramming involved different biochemical classes of compounds, with distinctive traits as a function of the different nutrient ratios. Such changes involved not only a response to nutrients availability, but also to redox imbalance and oxidative stress. A network of signaling compounds, including NO and phytohormones, underlined the modeling of metabolomic signatures. Our work highlighted the potential and the magnitude of the effect of nutrient solution management in basil and provided an advancement towards understanding the metabolic response to anion antagonism in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giandomenico Corrado
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (P.C.); (S.D.P.); (Y.R.)
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Research Centre for Nutrigenomics and Proteomics, University Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy;
| | - Begoña Miras-Moreno
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Research Centre for Nutrigenomics and Proteomics, University Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy;
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics- Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics (CREA-GB), via San Protaso 302, 29017 Fiorenzuola d’Arda, PC, Italy
| | - Pasquale Chiaiese
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (P.C.); (S.D.P.); (Y.R.)
| | - Giuseppe Colla
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy;
| | - Stefania De Pascale
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (P.C.); (S.D.P.); (Y.R.)
| | - Youssef Rouphael
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (P.C.); (S.D.P.); (Y.R.)
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32
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Xia Q, Yang Z, Shui Y, Liu X, Chen J, Khan S, Wang J, Gao Z. Methods of Selenium Application Differentially Modulate Plant Growth, Selenium Accumulation and Speciation, Protein, Anthocyanins and Concentrations of Mineral Elements in Purple-Grained Wheat. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:1114. [PMID: 32849686 PMCID: PMC7396501 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient for human health. Deficiency and suboptimality of Se in human populations are a potential health risk. The reduction of such health risk by biofortification of crops, particularly in wheat has drawn much attention, especially for color-grained wheat as it is rich in anthocyanins and can be used as a major source of antioxidants in diet. Herein, a two-year field study on the purple-grained wheat cultivar (202w17) and common wheat cultivar (Shannong 129) was conducted with soil application (SeS) and foliar spray (SeF) of selenium. Results showed that the SeS increased shoot dry weight and grain yield. Both SeS and SeF enhanced the concentration of organic Se, but the higher concentration of organic Se in the grain of two cultivars was observed in SeF in comparison with SeS. The concentration of organic Se in the grain of 202w17 treated with SeF was approximately 1.5-fold of that in Shannong 129 with SeF. The analysis of Se accumulation in different parts of the plant revealed that 202w17 accumulated more Se in shoots and grain than Shannong 129, and 202w17 had also higher levels of total protein, total free amino acids and anthocyanin in grain than Shannong 129. In addition, SeF significantly increased the concentrations of zinc (Zn), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) in both cultivars, but decreased the concentration of chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pd), which phenomenon was more significant in 202w17. Our results indicate that SeS increases plant growth, leading to higher grain yield in two cultivars tested. The purple-grained wheat (202w17) could accumulate more Se in grain and have a higher concentration of orgainic Se in grain than the common wheat (Shannong 129).
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Pérez-Álvarez EP, Martínez-Vidaurre JM, Garde-Cerdán T. Anthocyanin composition of grapes from three different soil types in cv. Tempranillo A.O.C. Rioja vineyards. J Sci Food Agric 2019; 99:4833-4841. [PMID: 30977148 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soil and climate are among the most determining factors for the composition of grapes. Among the compounds present in grapes, anthocyanins mainly determine their organoleptic and health-related properties. The purpose of this work was to study the influence of three different soils on the anthocyanin content of Tempranillo grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) from 2016 and 2017 vintages. The soils of the vineyards were classified as Fluventic Haploxerepts (FH), Typic Calcixerepts (TC) and Petrocalcic Palexerolls (PP). RESULTS Non-acylated anthocyanins, and those derived from malvidin and peonidin, were the most abundant in grapes, regardless of soil type and year. During the wetter season (2016), the grapes with the highest concentration of total anthocyanins and several of the major anthocyanins were those from TC and PP soils, in which nitrogen availability was lower than that in FH soil. However, during the drier season (2017), no significant differences were observed, although trends similar to those seen in the 2016 season were recognized. Principal component analysis showed a good separation of samples according to the two seasons and to the three soils in each season. CONCLUSION In vineyards that resemble each other closely and that are located in a unique mesoclimatic area where similar plant material is used and similar managements practices are applied, soil characteristics, which condition water holding capacity and nitrogen availability for the vines, in conjunction with seasonal conditions, were the factors that predominantly determined the anthocyanin composition in grapes. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva P Pérez-Álvarez
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (Gobierno de La Rioja, CSIC, Universidad de La Rioja), Logroño, Spain
| | - José M Martínez-Vidaurre
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (Gobierno de La Rioja, CSIC, Universidad de La Rioja), Logroño, Spain
| | - Teresa Garde-Cerdán
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (Gobierno de La Rioja, CSIC, Universidad de La Rioja), Logroño, Spain
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Costa-Broseta Á, Perea-Resa C, Castillo MC, Ruíz MF, Salinas J, León J. Nitric oxide deficiency decreases C-repeat binding factor-dependent and -independent induction of cold acclimation. J Exp Bot 2019; 70:3283-3296. [PMID: 30869795 PMCID: PMC6598078 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Plant tolerance to freezing temperatures is governed by endogenous components and environmental factors. Exposure to low non-freezing temperatures is a key factor in the induction of freezing tolerance in the process called cold acclimation. The role of nitric oxide (NO) in cold acclimation was explored in Arabidopsis using triple nia1nia2noa1-2 mutants that are impaired in the nitrate-dependent and nitrate-independent pathways of NO production, and are thus NO deficient. Here, we demonstrate that cold-induced NO accumulation is required to promote the full cold acclimation response through C-repeat Binding Factor (CBF)-dependent gene expression, as well as the CBF-independent expression of other cold-responsive genes such as Oxidation-Related Zinc Finger 2 (ZF/OZF2). NO deficiency also altered abscisic acid perception and signaling and the cold-induced production of anthocyanins, which are additional factors involved in cold acclimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Costa-Broseta
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas–Universidad Politécnica de Valencia), Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Perea-Resa
- Departamento de Biología Medioambiental, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mari-Cruz Castillo
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas–Universidad Politécnica de Valencia), Valencia, Spain
| | - M Fernanda Ruíz
- Departamento de Biología Medioambiental, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio Salinas
- Departamento de Biología Medioambiental, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - José León
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas–Universidad Politécnica de Valencia), Valencia, Spain
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35
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Dong F, Hu J, Shi Y, Liu M, Zhang Q, Ruan J. Effects of nitrogen supply on flavonol glycoside biosynthesis and accumulation in tea leaves (Camellia sinensis). Plant Physiol Biochem 2019; 138:48-57. [PMID: 30849677 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Widely distributed in tea plants, the flavonoid flavonol and its glycosylated derivatives have important roles in determining tea quality. However, the biosynthesis and accumulation of these compounds has not been fully studied, especially in response to nitrogen (N) supply. In the present study, 'Longjing 43' potted tea seedlings were subjected to N deficiency (0g/pot), normal N (4g/pot) or excess N (16g/pot). Quantitative analyses using Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-QqQ-MS/MS) revealed that most flavonol glycosides (e.g., Quercetin-3-glucoside, Kaempferol-3-rgalactoside and Kaempferol-3-glucosyl-rhamnsoyl-glucoside) accumulated to the highest levels when treated with normal N. Results from metabolomics using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS) suggested that the levels of carbohydrate substrates of flavonol glycosides (e.g., sucrose, sucrose-6-phosphate, D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate and glucose-1-phosphate) were positively correlated with flavonol glycoside content in response to N availability. Furthermore, Quantitative Real-time PCR analysis of 28 genes confirmed that genes related to flavonoid (e.g., flavonol synthase 1, flavonol 3-O-galactosyltransferase) and carbohydrate (e.g., sucrose phosphate synthase, sucrose synthase and glucokinase) metabolism have important roles in regulating the biosynthesis and accumulation of flavonol glycosides. Collectively, our results suggest that normal N levels promote the biosynthesis of flavonol glycosides through gene regulation and the accumulation of substrate carbohydrates, while abnormal N availability has inhibitory effects, especially excess N.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Dong
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Plant Biology and Resource Application of Tea, The Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Jianhui Hu
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuanzhi Shi
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Plant Biology and Resource Application of Tea, The Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Meiya Liu
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Plant Biology and Resource Application of Tea, The Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Qunfeng Zhang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Plant Biology and Resource Application of Tea, The Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310008, China.
| | - Jianyun Ruan
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Plant Biology and Resource Application of Tea, The Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310008, China
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Abstract
Studies have revealed conflicting results regarding the risk of cancer from alcohol consumption. Furthermore, some studies have suggested that wine may have benefits that separate it from other alcoholic beverages. As wine contains a significant amount of chemicals, specifically polyphenols like anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins (PA), that can affect cellular function and promote health, this hypothesis is reasonably supported by recent research. Polyphenols promote several anticancer cellular pathways, including xenobiotic metabolism, support of innate antioxidant production, and stimulation of phase I and II detoxification of carcinogens. However, the multitude of growing and production conditions of grapes, including temperature, water availability, soil type, maceration, and aging can result in a remarkably varying final product based on the available literature. Thus, we hypothesize that wines produced from grapes cultivated between steady daily temperatures at 15–25°C with moderate sun exposure from flowering to harvest, lower vine-water status, resulting either from lower precipitation, and irrigation practices or more permeable soil types, limitation of fertilizers, extended maceration, and aging in oak will impact the concentration of anthocyanins and PA in the finished wine and may have a differential impact on cancer. This higher concentration of polyphenols would, in theory, create a healthier wine, thus explaining the conflicting reports on the benefits or harms of wine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin E. Champ
- Cancer Prevention Project, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Colin E. Champ
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Fang Z, Hou Z, Wang S, Liu Z, Wei S, Zhang Y, Song J, Yin J. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Accumulation Mechanism of Anthocyanins in Buckwheat ( Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) Cotyledons and Flowers. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1493. [PMID: 30934615 PMCID: PMC6471586 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) is a valuable crop which can produce multiple human beneficial secondary metabolites, for example, the anthocyanins in sprouts and flowers. However, as the predominant group of visible polyphenols in pigmentation, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying the anthocyanin biosynthesis within buckwheat. In this study, a comparative transcriptome analysis of green and red common buckwheat cultivars was carried out through RNA sequencing. Overall, 3727 and 5323 differently expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in flowers and cotyledons, respectively. Through GO and KEGG analysis, we revealed that DEGs in flowers and cotyledons are predominately involved in biosynthesis of anthocyanin. A total of 42 unigenes encoding 11 structural enzymes of the anthocyanin biosynthesis were identified as DEGs. We also identified some transcription factor families involved in the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis. Real-time qPCR validation of candidate genes was performed in flowers and cotyledons, and the results suggested that the high expression level of structural genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway promotes anthocyanin accumulation. Our results provide the insight understanding for coloration of red common buckwheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengwu Fang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry/Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434000, China.
| | - Zehao Hou
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry/Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434000, China.
| | - Shuping Wang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry/Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434000, China.
| | - Zhixiong Liu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434000, China.
| | - Shudong Wei
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434000, China.
| | - Yingxin Zhang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry/Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434000, China.
| | - Jinghan Song
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry/Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434000, China.
| | - Junliang Yin
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry/Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434000, China.
- Forewarning and Management of Agricultural and Forestry Pests, Hubei Engineering Technology Center/Engendering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Waterland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434000, China.
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38
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Bieker S, Riester L, Doll J, Franzaring J, Fangmeier A, Zentgraf U. Nitrogen Supply Drives Senescence-Related Seed Storage Protein Expression in Rapeseed Leaves. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:E72. [PMID: 30678241 PMCID: PMC6410074 DOI: 10.3390/genes10020072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In general, yield and fruit quality strongly rely on efficient nutrient remobilization during plant development and senescence. Transcriptome changes associated with senescence in spring oilseed rape grown under optimal nitrogen supply or mild nitrogen deficiency revealed differences in senescence and nutrient mobilization in old lower canopy leaves and younger higher canopy leaves [1]. Having a closer look at this transcriptome analyses, we identified the major classes of seed storage proteins (SSP) to be expressed in vegetative tissue, namely leaf and stem tissue. Expression of SSPs was not only dependent on the nitrogen supply but transcripts appeared to correlate with intracellular H₂O₂ contents, which functions as well-known signaling molecule in developmental senescence. The abundance of SSPs in leaf material transiently progressed from the oldest leaves to the youngest. Moreover, stems also exhibited short-term production of SSPs, which hints at an interim storage function. In order to decipher whether hydrogen peroxide also functions as a signaling molecule in nitrogen deficiency-induced senescence, we analyzed hydrogen peroxide contents after complete nitrogen depletion in oilseed rape and Arabidopsis plants. In both cases, hydrogen peroxide contents were lower in nitrogen deficient plants, indicating that at least parts of the developmental senescence program appear to be suppressed under nitrogen deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Bieker
- Centre of Molecular Biology of Plants, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Lena Riester
- Centre of Molecular Biology of Plants, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Jasmin Doll
- Centre of Molecular Biology of Plants, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Jürgen Franzaring
- Institute of Landscape and Plant Ecology, University of Hohenheim, August-von-Hartmann-Str. 3, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Andreas Fangmeier
- Institute of Landscape and Plant Ecology, University of Hohenheim, August-von-Hartmann-Str. 3, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Ulrike Zentgraf
- Centre of Molecular Biology of Plants, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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Dos Santos TB, Soares JDM, Lima JE, Silva JC, Ivamoto ST, Baba VY, Souza SGH, Lorenzetti APR, Paschoal AR, Meda AR, Nishiyama Júnior MY, de Oliveira ÚC, Mokochinski JB, Guyot R, Junqueira-de-Azevedo ILM, Figueira AVO, Mazzafera P, Júnior OR, Vieira LGE, Pereira LFP, Domingues DS. An integrated analysis of mRNA and sRNA transcriptional profiles in Coffea arabica L. roots: insights on nitrogen starvation responses. Funct Integr Genomics 2018; 19:151-169. [PMID: 30196429 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-018-0634-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Coffea arabica L. is an important agricultural commodity, accounting for 60% of traded coffee worldwide. Nitrogen (N) is a macronutrient that is usually limiting to plant yield; however, molecular mechanisms of plant acclimation to N limitation remain largely unknown in tropical woody crops. In this study, we investigated the transcriptome of coffee roots under N starvation, analyzing poly-A+ libraries and small RNAs. We also evaluated the concentration of selected amino acids and N-source preferences in roots. Ammonium was preferentially taken up over nitrate, and asparagine and glutamate were the most abundant amino acids observed in coffee roots. We obtained 34,654 assembled contigs by mRNA sequencing, and validated the transcriptional profile of 12 genes by RT-qPCR. Illumina small RNA sequencing yielded 8,524,332 non-redundant reads, resulting in the identification of 86 microRNA families targeting 253 genes. The transcriptional pattern of eight miRNA families was also validated. To our knowledge, this is the first catalog of differentially regulated amino acids, N sources, mRNAs, and sRNAs in Arabica coffee roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Benedito Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Instituto Agronômico do Paraná, Londrina, 86047-902, Brazil. .,Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Rodovia Raposo Tavares Km 572, Presidente Prudente, 19067-175, Brazil.
| | - João D M Soares
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Instituto Agronômico do Paraná, Londrina, 86047-902, Brazil
| | - Joni E Lima
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, 13400-970, Brazil.,Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Juliana C Silva
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Instituto Agronômico do Paraná, Londrina, 86047-902, Brazil.,Programa de pós-graduação em Bioinformática, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Cornélio Procópio, 86300-000, Brazil
| | - Suzana T Ivamoto
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Instituto Agronômico do Paraná, Londrina, 86047-902, Brazil.,Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências de Rio Claro, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Viviane Y Baba
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Instituto Agronômico do Paraná, Londrina, 86047-902, Brazil
| | - Silvia G H Souza
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Universidade Paranaense, Umuarama, 87502-210, Brazil
| | - Alan P R Lorenzetti
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Alexandre R Paschoal
- Programa de pós-graduação em Bioinformática, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Cornélio Procópio, 86300-000, Brazil
| | - Anderson R Meda
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Instituto Agronômico do Paraná, Londrina, 86047-902, Brazil
| | | | - Úrsula C de Oliveira
- Laboratório Especial de Toxinologia Aplicada, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, 05503-900, Brazil
| | - João B Mokochinski
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Romain Guyot
- IRD, UMR IPME, COFFEEADAPT, BP 64501, 34394, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | | | - Antônio V O Figueira
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, 13400-970, Brazil
| | - Paulo Mazzafera
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Osvaldo R Júnior
- Life Sciences Core Facility (LaCTAD), Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, 13083-886, Brazil
| | - Luiz G E Vieira
- Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Rodovia Raposo Tavares Km 572, Presidente Prudente, 19067-175, Brazil
| | - Luiz F P Pereira
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Instituto Agronômico do Paraná, Londrina, 86047-902, Brazil.,Embrapa Café, Brasília, 70770-901, Brazil
| | - Douglas S Domingues
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Instituto Agronômico do Paraná, Londrina, 86047-902, Brazil.,Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências de Rio Claro, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, 13506-900, Brazil
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40
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Onik JC, Hu X, Lin Q, Wang Z. Comparative Transcriptomic Profiling to Understand Pre- and Post-Ripening Hormonal Regulations and Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Early Ripening Apple Fruit. Molecules 2018; 23:E1908. [PMID: 30065188 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23081908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The ‘Hongyu’ apple is an early ripening apple cultivar and usually used for fresh marketing. Due to the short ripening period, most of the fruit are harvested at the commercial maturity stage for proper marketing distribution and a longer shelf life. Fruit ripening involves delicate changes to its metabolic and physiological traits through well-organized synchronization of several hormones and regulatory steps. A clear understanding of these hormonal alterations is crucial for extending the period from commercial to physiological ripening. This study was intended to clarify the hormonal alterations and anthocyanin biosynthesis process prior to and immediate after, the harvesting of apple fruit considering the commercial maturity stage. Fruits harvested at 120 Days after flowering (DAF) (HY_4th) was considered as commercially ripened, 110 DAF (HY_3rd) as pre-ripening and 120 DAF followed by five days storage at 20 °C (HY_20 °C_5) as post-ripening samples. Three different stages of fruit were used for transcriptome assembly using RNA-Seq. Results revealed 9187 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the post-ripening samples, which was comparatively lower (922 DEGs) in the pre-ripening fruits. DEGs were subjected to Gene Ontology analysis and 31 categories were significantly enriched in the groups ‘biological process,’ ‘molecular function’ and ‘cellular component.’ The DEGs were involved in hormonal signaling pathways like ethylene, abscisic acid (ABA), auxin, gibberellin (GA), brassinosteroid (BR) and anthocyanin biosynthesis pathways such as PAL, 4CL, CHI, DFR, F3H, UFGT. Several transcription factors like the MADS-box gene, MYB, bHLH, NAC, WRKY and HSF were differentially expressed between the pre- and post-ripening fruits. Selected DEGs were subjected to gene expression analysis using quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) and the results were consistent with those of RNA-Seq. Our data suggested that in addition to ethylene, ABA and other hormones also play key roles in regulating apple fruit ripening and may interact with the ethylene signaling process. Additionally, our data provided an exhibition of the expression pattern of genes in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway.
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Huang LH, Yuan MQ, Ao XJ, Ren AY, Zhang HB, Yang MZ. Endophytic fungi specifically introduce novel metabolites into grape flesh cells in vitro. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196996. [PMID: 29734364 PMCID: PMC5937782 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Since endophytes can affect metabolism of host plants, they are expected to be used to improve crop quality, especially for crops with organoleptic sensitive products such as wine grape. However, details of metabolic interactions between endophytes and host plants were less understood. In this work, we used high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) to analyze the metabolites of fruit flesh cells of grape treated with dual culture of different endophytic fungal strains (EFS). We observed that the dual-culture with different fungal strains show different metabolites composition in grape cells. In response to different EFS, quantities of detected metabolites in grape cells varied from 6 to 17 in this assay, and 1 to 11 novel metabolites were introduced into metabolome of grape cells. Dual-culture with fungal strains CS2, RH16 and RH5 introduced the highest quantities (10 or 11) of novel metabolites in grape cells. More importantly, the modification of metabolic profiles in grape cells via fungal endophytes appeared to be fungal strain/genus-specificity. Overall, this work revealed that introduction of specific metabolites in host plants may be one consequence during the process of endophytes-host metabolic interactions, which raise the possibility to shape grape qualities and characteristics using tool of fungal endophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hua Huang
- School of life science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Ming-Quan Yuan
- School of chemistry and chemical engineering, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiu-Jin Ao
- School of life science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - An-Yun Ren
- School of life science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Han-Bo Zhang
- School of life science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Ming-Zhi Yang
- School of life science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- * E-mail: ,
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42
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Sun X, Jia X, Huo L, Che R, Gong X, Wang P, Ma F. MdATG18a overexpression improves tolerance to nitrogen deficiency and regulates anthocyanin accumulation through increased autophagy in transgenic apple. Plant Cell Environ 2018; 41:469-480. [PMID: 29210078 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) availability is an essential factor for plant growth. Recycling and remobilization of N have strong impacts on crop yield and quality under N deficiency. Autophagy is a critical nutrient-recycling process that facilitates remobilization under starvation. We previously showed that an important AuTophaGy (ATG) protein from apple, MdATG18a, has a positive role in drought tolerance. In this study, we explored its biological role in response to low-N. Overexpression of MdATG18a in both Arabidopsis and apple improved tolerance to N-depletion and caused a greater accumulation of anthocyanin. The increased anthocyanin concentration in transgenic apple was possibly due to up-regulating flavonoid biosynthetic and regulatory genes (MdCHI, MdCHS, MdANS, MdPAL, MdUFGT, and MdMYB1) and higher soluble sugars concentration. MdATG18a overexpression enhanced starch degradation with up-regulating amylase gene (MdAM1) and up-regulated sugar metabolism related genes (MdSS1, MdHXKs, MdFK1, and MdNINVs). Furthermore, MdATG18a functioned in nitrate uptake and assimilation by up-regulating nitrate reductase MdNIA2 and 3 high-affinity nitrate transporters MdNRT2.1/2.4/2.5. MdATG18a overexpression also elevated other important MdATG genes expression and autophagosomes formation under N-depletion, which play key contributions to above changes. Together, these results demonstrate that overexpression of MdATG18a enhances tolerance to N-deficiencies and plays positive roles in anthocyanin biosynthesis through greater autophagic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xin Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Liuqing Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Runmin Che
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xiaoqing Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Ping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Fengwang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
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43
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Abstract
Anthocyanins are water-soluble vacuolar plant pigments that are mainly synthesized in epidermal layers and the flesh of fruits such as apples, cherries, grapes, and other berries. Because of their attractive red to purple coloration and their health-promoting potential, anthocyanins are significant determinants for the quality and market value of fruits and fruit-derived products. In crops, anthocyanin accumulation in leaves can be caused by nutrient deficiency which is usually ascribed to insufficient nitrogen or phosphorus fertilization. However, it is a little-known fact that the plant's nutrient status also impacts anthocyanin synthesis in fruits. Hence, strategic nutrient supply can be a powerful tool to modify the anthocyanin content and consequently the quality and market value of important agricultural commodities. Here we summarize the current knowledge of the influence of plant nutrients on anthocyanin synthesis in fruits of major global market value and discuss the underlying cellular processes that integrate nutrient signaling with fruit anthocyanin formation. It is highlighted that fertilization that is finely tuned in amount and timing has the potential to positively influence the fruit quality by regulating anthocyanin levels. We outline new approaches to enrich plant based foods with health-promoting anthocyanins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Jezek
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Zörb
- Institute of Crop Science, Quality of Plant Products, University of Hohenheim , Emil-Wolff-Straße 25, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Merkt
- Institute of Crop Science, Quality of Plant Products, University of Hohenheim , Emil-Wolff-Straße 25, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Christoph-Martin Geilfus
- Division of Controlled Environment Horticulture, Faculty of Life Sciences, Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Humboldt-University of Berlin , Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 1, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Soubeyrand E, Colombié S, Beauvoit B, Dai Z, Cluzet S, Hilbert G, Renaud C, Maneta-Peyret L, Dieuaide-Noubhani M, Mérillon JM, Gibon Y, Delrot S, Gomès E. Constraint-Based Modeling Highlights Cell Energy, Redox Status and α-Ketoglutarate Availability as Metabolic Drivers for Anthocyanin Accumulation in Grape Cells Under Nitrogen Limitation. Front Plant Sci 2018; 9:421. [PMID: 29868039 PMCID: PMC5966944 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanin biosynthesis is regulated by environmental factors (such as light, temperature, and water availability) and nutrient status (such as carbon, nitrogen, and phosphate nutrition). Previous reports show that low nitrogen availability strongly enhances anthocyanin accumulation in non carbon-limited plant organs or cell suspensions. It has been hypothesized that high carbon-to-nitrogen ratio would lead to an energy excess in plant cells, and that an increase in flavonoid pathway metabolic fluxes would act as an "energy escape valve," helping plant cells to cope with energy and carbon excess. However, this hypothesis has never been tested directly. To this end, we used the grapevine Vitis vinifera L. cultivar Gamay Teinturier (syn. Gamay Freaux or Freaux Tintorier, VIVC #4382) cell suspension line as a model system to study the regulation of anthocyanin accumulation in response to nitrogen supply. The cells were sub-cultured in the presence of either control (25 mM) or low (5 mM) nitrate concentration. Targeted metabolomics and enzyme activity determinations were used to parametrize a constraint-based model describing both the central carbon and nitrogen metabolisms and the flavonoid (phenylpropanoid) pathway connected by the energy (ATP) and reducing power equivalents (NADPH and NADH) cofactors. The flux analysis (2 flux maps generated, for control and low nitrogen in culture medium) clearly showed that in low nitrogen-fed cells all the metabolic fluxes of central metabolism were decreased, whereas fluxes that consume energy and reducing power, were either increased (upper part of glycolysis, shikimate, and flavonoid pathway) or maintained (pentose phosphate pathway). Also, fluxes of flavanone 3β-hydroxylase, flavonol synthase, and anthocyanidin synthase were strongly increased, advocating for a regulation of the flavonoid pathway by alpha-ketoglutarate levels. These results strongly support the hypothesis of anthocyanin biosynthesis acting as an energy escape valve in plant cells, and they open new possibilities to manipulate flavonoid production in plant cells. They do not, however, support a role of anthocyanins as an effective mechanism for coping with carbon excess in high carbon to nitrogen ratio situations in grape cells. Instead, constraint-based modeling output and biomass analysis indicate that carbon excess is dealt with by vacuolar storage of soluble sugars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Soubeyrand
- UMR 1287 Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne, Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sophie Colombié
- UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA-Bordeaux, IBVM, Bordeaux, France
| | - Bertrand Beauvoit
- UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA-Bordeaux, IBVM, Bordeaux, France
| | - Zhanwu Dai
- UMR 1287 Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne, INRA-Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Bordeaux, France
| | - Stéphanie Cluzet
- EA 3675 GESVAB, Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Bordeaux, France
| | - Ghislaine Hilbert
- UMR 1287 Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne, INRA-Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Bordeaux, France
| | - Christel Renaud
- UMR 1287 Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne, INRA-Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Bordeaux, France
| | - Lilly Maneta-Peyret
- UMR 5200 Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Jean-Michel Mérillon
- EA 3675 GESVAB, Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Bordeaux, France
| | - Yves Gibon
- UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA-Bordeaux, IBVM, Bordeaux, France
| | - Serge Delrot
- UMR 1287 Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne, Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Bordeaux, France
| | - Eric Gomès
- UMR 1287 Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne, Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Bordeaux, France
- *Correspondence: Eric Gomès,
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45
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Li Y, Luo X, Wu C, Cao S, Zhou Y, Jie B, Cao Y, Meng H, Wu G. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Genes Involved in Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Red and Green Walnut (Juglans regia L.). Molecules 2017; 23:E25. [PMID: 29271948 PMCID: PMC5943948 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Fruit color is an important economic trait. The color of red walnut cultivars is mainly attributed to anthocyanins. The aim of this study was to explore the differences in the molecular mechanism of leaf and peel color change between red and green walnut. A reference transcriptome of walnut was sequenced and annotated to identify genes related to fruit color at the ripening stage. More than 290 million high-quality reads were assembled into 39,411 genes using a combined assembly strategy. Using Illumina digital gene expression profiling, we identified 4568 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between red and green walnut leaf and 3038 DEGs between red and green walnut peel at the ripening stage. We also identified some transcription factor families (MYB, bHLH, and WD40) involved in the control of anthocyanin biosynthesis. The trends in the expression levels of several genes encoding anthocyanin biosynthetic enzymes and transcription factors in the leaf and peel of red and green walnut were verified by quantitative real-time PCR. Together, our results identified the genes involved in anthocyanin accumulation in red walnut. These data provide a valuable resource for understanding the coloration of red walnut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhou Li
- College of Horticultural Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
- Institute of Fruit Science, China Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou 450009, China.
- Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, Alar 843300, China.
| | - Xiang Luo
- Institute of Fruit Science, China Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou 450009, China.
| | - Cuiyun Wu
- Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, Alar 843300, China.
| | - Shangyin Cao
- Institute of Fruit Science, China Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou 450009, China.
| | - Yifei Zhou
- College of Horticultural Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Bo Jie
- College of Horticultural Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
- Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, Alar 843300, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of fruit and Cucurbit Biology, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Yalong Cao
- College of Horticultural Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
- Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, Alar 843300, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of fruit and Cucurbit Biology, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Haijun Meng
- College of Horticultural Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of fruit and Cucurbit Biology, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Guoliang Wu
- College of Horticultural Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
- Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, Alar 843300, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of fruit and Cucurbit Biology, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
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Kuang Q, Zhang S, Wu P, Chen Y, Li M, Jiang H, Wu G. Global gene expression analysis of the response of physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) to medium- and long-term nitrogen deficiency. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182700. [PMID: 28817702 PMCID: PMC5560629 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Jatropha curcas L. is an important biofuel plant with excellent tolerance of barren environments. However, studies on the regulatory mechanisms that operate in this plant in response to nitrogen (N) shortage are scarce. In this study, genome-wide transcriptional profiles of the roots and leaves of 8-week old physic nut seedlings were analyzed after 2 and 16 days of N starvation. Enrichment results showed that genes associated with N metabolism, processing and regulation of RNA, and transport predominated among those showing alterations in expression. Genes encoding transporter families underwent major changes in expression in both roots and leaves; in particular, those with roles in ammonia, amino acid and peptide transport were generally up-regulated after long-term starvation, while AQUAPORIN genes, whose products function in osmoregulation, were down-regulated. We also found that ASPARA−GINASE B1 and SARCOSINE OXIDASE genes were up-regulated in roots and leaves after 2 and 16 d N starvation. Genes associated with ubiquitination-mediated protein degradation were significantly up-regulated. In addition, genes in the JA biosynthesis pathway were strongly activated while expression of those in GA signaling was inhibited in leaves. We showed that four major classes of genes, those with roles in N uptake, N reutilization, C/N ratio balance, and cell structure and synthesis, were particularly influenced by long-term N limitation. Our discoveries may offer clues to the molecular mechanisms that regulate N reallocation and reutilization so as to maintain or increase plant performance even under adverse environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Pingzhi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meiru Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huawu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (HWJ); (GJW)
| | - Guojiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (HWJ); (GJW)
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Cáceres-Mella A, Talaverano MI, Villalobos-González L, Ribalta-Pizarro C, Pastenes C. Controlled water deficit during ripening affects proanthocyanidin synthesis, concentration and composition in Cabernet Sauvignon grape skins. Plant Physiol Biochem 2017; 117:34-41. [PMID: 28587991 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The influence of controlled water deficit on the phenolic composition and gene expression of VvLAR2, VvMYBPA1, VvMYBPA2 and VvMYB4a in Cabernet Sauvignon grape skins throughout ripening was investigated. The assay was carried out on own-rooted Vitis vinifera plants cv. Cabernet Sauvignon in a commercial vineyard from veraison until commercial harvest. Three irrigation regimes were used from veraison until harvest with the following treatments: T1: 3.6 mm day-1; T2: 1.8 mm day-1 and T3: 0.3 mm day-1. The content of total phenols and total anthocyanins in grape skins increased during ripening, but water deficit did not produce differences among treatments in the total anthocyanin concentration. Proanthocyanidins (PAs) decreased throughout ripening, although approximately 25 days after veraison (DAV), their content slightly increased. This effect was more pronounced in the most restrictive treatment (T3). A similar pattern was observed in the transcript abundance of VvLAR2, VvMYBPA1 and VvMYB4a. PAs separation revealed differences in concentration but not in the proportion among fractions among the irrigation treatments. Additionally, controlled water deficit increased the mean degree of polymerization and the flavan-3-ol polymeric concentration in grape skins throughout ripening but with no effects on the extent of PAs galloylation. Our results suggest that the water status of Cabernet Sauvignon grapevines affects the gene expression for proteins involved in the synthesis of PAs, increasing their concentration and also their composition, with further evidence for the efficacy of a convenient, controlled water deficit strategy for grapevine cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Cáceres-Mella
- Escuela de Agronomía, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, San Francisco s/n, La Palma, Casilla 4-D, Quillota, Chile.
| | - M Inmaculada Talaverano
- CICYTEX-Technological Institute of Food and Agriculture-INTAEX (Government of Extremadura), Adolfo Suarez, s/n 06071, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Luis Villalobos-González
- Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Santa Rosa 11315, La Pintana, Casilla 1004, Santiago, Chile
| | - Camila Ribalta-Pizarro
- Centro Regional de Innovación Hortofrutícola de Valparaíso (Ceres), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Av. San Francisco s/n, La Palma, Quillota, Chile
| | - Claudio Pastenes
- Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Santa Rosa 11315, La Pintana, Casilla 1004, Santiago, Chile
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Gutiérrez-Gamboa G, Garde-Cerdán T, Portu J, Moreno-Simunovic Y, Martínez-Gil AM. Foliar nitrogen application in Cabernet Sauvignon vines: Effects on wine flavonoid and amino acid content. Food Res Int 2017; 96:46-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Shi P, Li B, Chen H, Song C, Meng J, Xi Z, Zhang Z. Iron Supply Affects Anthocyanin Content and Related Gene Expression in Berries of Vitis vinifera cv. Cabernet Sauvignon. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22020283. [PMID: 28216591 PMCID: PMC6155850 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22020283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are important compounds for red grape and red wine quality, and can be influenced by supply of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, and iron. The present work aims to gain a better understanding of the effect of iron supply on anthocyanins concentration in grape berries. To this end, own-rooted four-year-old Cabernet Sauvignon grapevines (Vitis vinifera) were fertigated every three days with 0, 23, 46, 92, and 184 μM iron (Fe) from ferric ethylenediamine di (o-hydroxyphenylacetic) acid (Fe-EDDHA) in a complete nutrient solution. Fe deficiency or excess generally led to higher concentrations of titratable acidity and skin/berry ratio, and to lower reducing sugar content, sugar/acid ratio, pH, berry weight, and concentration of anthocyanins. Most of the individual anthocyanins detected in this study, except cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, delphinidin-3-O-glucoside, and cyanidin-3-O-(6-O-coumaryl)-glucoside, in moderate Fe treatment (46 μM) grapes were significantly higher than those of other treatments. Genes encoding chalcone isomerase (CHI), flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H), leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase (LDOX), and anthocyanin O-methyltransferase (AOMT) exhibited higher transcript levels in berries from plants cultivated with 46 μM Fe compared to the ones cultivated with other Fe concentrations. We suggest that grape sugar content, anthocyanins content, and transcriptions of genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis were correlated with Fe supply concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengbao Shi
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology, Qinhuangdao 066600, Hebei, China.
| | - Bing Li
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Haiju Chen
- College of Horticulture Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology, Qinhuangdao 066600, Hebei, China.
| | - Changzheng Song
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Jiangfei Meng
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Zhumei Xi
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Zhenwen Zhang
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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