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Holloway-Phillips M, Cernusak LA, Nelson DB, Lehmann MM, Tcherkez G, Kahmen A. Covariation between oxygen and hydrogen stable isotopes declines along the path from xylem water to wood cellulose across an aridity gradient. New Phytol 2023; 240:1758-1773. [PMID: 37680025 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen and hydrogen isotopes of cellulose in plant biology are commonly used to infer environmental conditions, often from time series measurements of tree rings. However, the covariation (or the lack thereof) between δ18 O and δ2 H in plant cellulose is still poorly understood. We compared plant water, and leaf and branch cellulose from dominant tree species across an aridity gradient in Northern Australia, to examine how δ18 O and δ2 H relate to each other and to mean annual precipitation (MAP). We identified a decline in covariation from xylem to leaf water, and onwards from leaf to branch wood cellulose. Covariation in leaf water isotopic enrichment (Δ) was partially preserved in leaf cellulose but not branch wood cellulose. Furthermore, whilst δ2 H was well-correlated between leaf and branch, there was an offset in δ18 O between organs that increased with decreasing MAP. Our findings strongly suggest that postphotosynthetic isotope exchange with water is more apparent for oxygen isotopes, whereas variable kinetic and nonequilibrium isotope effects add complexity to interpreting metabolic-induced δ2 H patterns. Varying oxygen isotope exchange in wood and leaf cellulose must be accounted for when δ18 O is used to reconstruct climatic scenarios. Conversely, comparing δ2 H and δ18 O patterns may reveal environmentally induced shifts in metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meisha Holloway-Phillips
- Department of Environmental Sciences-Botany, University of Basel, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
- Research Unit of Forest Dynamics, Research Group of Ecosystem Ecology, Stable Isotope Research Centre, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, 8903, Birmendsorf, Switzerland
| | - Lucas A Cernusak
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Qld, 4878, Australia
| | - Daniel B Nelson
- Department of Environmental Sciences-Botany, University of Basel, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marco M Lehmann
- Research Unit of Forest Dynamics, Research Group of Ecosystem Ecology, Stable Isotope Research Centre, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, 8903, Birmendsorf, Switzerland
| | - Guillaume Tcherkez
- Research School of Biology, College of Science, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Université d'Angers, INRAe, 42 rue Georges Morel, 49070, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Ansgar Kahmen
- Department of Environmental Sciences-Botany, University of Basel, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
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Baan J, Holloway-Phillips M, Nelson DB, Kahmen A. The metabolic sensitivity of hydrogen isotope fractionation differs between plant compounds. Phytochemistry 2023; 207:113563. [PMID: 36528118 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen stable isotope analyses (δ2H) of plant derived organic compounds are a useful tool for ecological, environmental, and palaeoclimatological research. However, during organic compound synthesis, variable biosynthetic 2H-fractionation has been suggested to occur as a result of changes in plant carbon fluxes. So far, inference has been based on examining the δ2H patterns of plant compounds along environmental gradients, among plant species, and between plant organs. In an alternative approach, we used four plant species with four different types of mutations that cause impaired starch synthesis to assess whether variability in carbon metabolism affects the biosynthetic 2H-fractionation during cellulose, phytol, and acetogenic lipid synthesis. We found that mutants with impaired starch synthesis always had higher cellulose and phytol δ2H values compared to the wild type. By contrast, 2H-fractionation during acetogenic lipid biosynthesis generally did not show strong metabolic sensitivity. We rationalise these differences by considering the biosynthetic pathway of each compound and the likely source of the variable isotope fractionation. In different organic compounds, the sensitivity of variable biosynthetic 2H-fractionation to changes in C-metabolism depends on incorporation of specific H atoms from precursor molecules. As such, we determined that the similar increase in cellulose and phytol δ2H values as an effect of impaired starch synthesis most likely originates in triose-phosphates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochem Baan
- University of Basel, Department of Environmental Sciences - Botany, Schönbeinstrasse 6, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Meisha Holloway-Phillips
- University of Basel, Department of Environmental Sciences - Botany, Schönbeinstrasse 6, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel B Nelson
- University of Basel, Department of Environmental Sciences - Botany, Schönbeinstrasse 6, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ansgar Kahmen
- University of Basel, Department of Environmental Sciences - Botany, Schönbeinstrasse 6, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
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3
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Holloway-Phillips M, Baan J, Nelson DB, Lehmann MM, Tcherkez G, Kahmen A. Species variation in the hydrogen isotope composition of leaf cellulose is mostly driven by isotopic variation in leaf sucrose. Plant Cell Environ 2022; 45:2636-2651. [PMID: 35609972 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Experimental approaches to isolate drivers of variation in the carbon-bound hydrogen isotope composition (δ2 H) of plant cellulose are rare and current models are limited in their application. This is in part due to a lack in understanding of how 2 H-fractionations in carbohydrates differ between species. We analysed, for the first time, the δ2 H of leaf sucrose along with the δ2 H and δ18 O of leaf cellulose and leaf and xylem water across seven herbaceous species and a starchless mutant of tobacco. The δ2 H of sucrose explained 66% of the δ2 H variation in cellulose (R2 = 0.66), which was associated with species differences in the 2 H enrichment of sucrose above leaf water ( ε sucrose <math altimg="urn:x-wiley:01407791:media:pce14362:pce14362-math-0001" wiley:location="equation/pce14362-math-0001.png" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msub><mtext>\unicode{x003B5}</mtext><mtext>sucrose</mtext></msub></mrow></math> : -126% to -192‰) rather than by variation in leaf water δ2 H itself. ε sucrose <math altimg="urn:x-wiley:01407791:media:pce14362:pce14362-math-0002" wiley:location="equation/pce14362-math-0002.png" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msub><mtext>\unicode{x003B5}</mtext><mtext>sucrose</mtext></msub></mrow></math> was positively related to dark respiration (R2 = 0.27), and isotopic exchange of hydrogen in sugars was positively related to the turnover time of carbohydrates (R2 = 0.38), but only when ε sucrose <math altimg="urn:x-wiley:01407791:media:pce14362:pce14362-math-0003" wiley:location="equation/pce14362-math-0003.png" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mrow><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">\unicode{x003B5}</mi><mtext>sucrose</mtext></msub></mrow></mrow></math> was fixed to the literature accepted value of - 171 <math altimg="urn:x-wiley:01407791:media:pce14362:pce14362-math-0004" wiley:location="equation/pce14362-math-0004.png" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mrow><mo>\unicode{x02212}</mo><mn>171</mn></mrow></mrow></math> ‰. No relation was found between isotopic exchange of hydrogen and oxygen, suggesting large differences in the processes shaping post-photosynthetic fractionation between elements. Our results strongly advocate that for robust applications of the leaf cellulose hydrogen isotope model, parameterization utilizing δ2 H of sugars is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jochem Baan
- Department of Environmental Science-Botany, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel B Nelson
- Department of Environmental Science-Botany, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marco M Lehmann
- Research Unit of Forest Dynamics, Research Group of Ecosystem Ecology, Stable Isotope Research Centre, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmendsorf, Switzerland
| | - Guillaume Tcherkez
- Research School of Biology, College of Science, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Université d'Angers, INRAe, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Ansgar Kahmen
- Department of Environmental Science-Botany, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Schuler P, Cormier M, Werner RA, Buchmann N, Gessler A, Vitali V, Saurer M, Lehmann MM. A high-temperature water vapor equilibration method to determine non-exchangeable hydrogen isotope ratios of sugar, starch and cellulose. Plant Cell Environ 2022; 45:12-22. [PMID: 34564870 PMCID: PMC9291759 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of the non-exchangeable hydrogen isotope ratio (δ2 Hne ) in carbohydrates is mostly limited to the structural component cellulose, while simple high-throughput methods for δ2 Hne values of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) such as sugar and starch do not yet exist. Here, we tested if the hot vapor equilibration method originally developed for cellulose is applicable for NSC, verified by comparison with the traditional nitration method. We set up a detailed analytical protocol and applied the method to plant extracts of leaves from species with different photosynthetic pathways (i.e., C3 , C4 and CAM). δ2 Hne of commercial sugars and starch from different classes and sources, ranging from -157.8 to +6.4‰, were reproducibly analysed with precision between 0.2‰ and 7.7‰. Mean δ2 Hne values of sugar are lowest in C3 (-92.0‰), intermediate in C4 (-32.5‰) and highest in CAM plants (6.0‰), with NSC being 2 H-depleted compared to cellulose and sugar being generally more 2 H-enriched than starch. Our results suggest that our method can be used in future studies to disentangle 2 H-fractionation processes, for improving mechanistic δ2 Hne models for leaf and tree-ring cellulose and for further development of δ2 Hne in plant carbohydrates as a potential proxy for climate, hydrology, plant metabolism and physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Schuler
- Research Unit of Forest Dynamics, Research Group of Ecosystem EcologySwiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - Marc‐André Cormier
- Department of Earth Sciences, Research Group of Ocean BiogeochemistryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Roland A. Werner
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Group of Grassland SciencesETH ZurichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Nina Buchmann
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Group of Grassland SciencesETH ZurichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Arthur Gessler
- Research Unit of Forest Dynamics, Research Group of Ecosystem EcologySwiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Terrestrial EcosystemsETH ZurichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Valentina Vitali
- Research Unit of Forest Dynamics, Research Group of Ecosystem EcologySwiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - Matthias Saurer
- Research Unit of Forest Dynamics, Research Group of Ecosystem EcologySwiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - Marco M. Lehmann
- Research Unit of Forest Dynamics, Research Group of Ecosystem EcologySwiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
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Molnár M, Horváth K, Dankó T, Somlyai I, Kovács BZ, Somlyai G. Deuterium-depleted water stimulates GLUT4 translocation in the presence of insulin, which leads to decreased blood glucose concentration. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:4507-4516. [PMID: 34510301 PMCID: PMC8528751 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04231-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Deuterium (D) is a stable isotope of hydrogen (H) with a mass number of 2. It is present in natural waters in the form of HDO, at a concentration of 16.8 mmol/L, equivalent to 150 ppm. In a phase II clinical study, deuterium depletion reduced fasting glucose concentration and insulin resistance. In this study, we tested the effect of subnormal D-concentration on glucose metabolism in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat model. Animals were randomly distributed into nine groups to test the effect of D2O (in a range of 25-150 ppm) on glucose metabolism in diabetic animals with or without insulin treatment. Serum glucose, fructose amine-, HbA1c, insulin and urine glucose levels were monitored, respectively. After the 8-week treatment, membrane-associated GLUT4 fractions from the soleus muscle were estimated by Western blot technique. Our results indicate that, in the presence of insulin, deuterium depletion markedly reduced serum levels of glucose, -fructose amine, and -HbA1c, in a dose-dependent manner. The optimal concentration of deuterium was between 125 and 140 ppm. After a 4-week period of deuterium depletion, the highest membrane-associated GLUT4 content was detected at 125 ppm. These data suggest that deuterium depletion dose-dependently enhances the effect of insulin on GLUT4 translocation and potentiates glucose uptake in diabetic rats, which explains the lower serum glucose, -fructose amine, and -HbA1c concentrations. Based on our experimental data, deuterium-depleted water could be used to treat patients with metabolic syndrome (MS) by increasing insulin sensitivity. These experiments indicate that naturally occurring deuterium has an impact on metabolic regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miklós Molnár
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Horváth
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Dankó
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Somlyai
- HYD LLC for Cancer Research and Drug Development, Villányi út 97, 1118 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Beáta Zs. Kovács
- HYD LLC for Cancer Research and Drug Development, Villányi út 97, 1118 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Somlyai
- HYD LLC for Cancer Research and Drug Development, Villányi út 97, 1118 Budapest, Hungary
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Ajibola W, Karcagi I, Somlyai G, Somlyai I, Fehér T. Deuterium-depletion has no significant impact on the mutation rate of Escherichia coli, deuterium abundance therefore has a probabilistic, not deterministic effect on spontaneous mutagenesis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0243517. [PMID: 33684107 PMCID: PMC7939293 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Deuterium (D), the second most abundant isotope of hydrogen is present in natural waters at an approximate concentration of 145-155 ppm (ca. 1.5E-4 atom/atom). D is known to influence various biological processes due to its physical and chemical properties, which significantly differ from those of hydrogen. For example, increasing D-concentration to >1000-fold above its natural abundance has been shown to increase the frequency of genetic mutations in several species. An interesting deterministic hypothesis, formulated with the intent of explaining the mechanism of D-mutagenicity is based on the calculation that the theoretical probability of base pairs to comprise two adjacent D-bridges instead of H-bridges is 2.3E-8, which is equal to the mutation rate of certain species. To experimentally challenge this hypothesis, and to infer the mutagenicity of D present at natural concentrations, we investigated the effect of a nearly 100-fold reduction of D concentration on the bacterial mutation rate. Using fluctuation tests, we measured the mutation rate of three Escherichia coli genes (cycA, ackA and galK) in media containing D at either <2 ppm or 150 ppm concentrations. Out of 15 pair-wise fluctuation analyses, nine indicated a significant decrease, while three marked the significant increase of the mutation/culture value upon D-depletion. Overall, growth in D-depleted minimal medium led to a geometric mean of 0.663-fold (95% confidence interval: 0.483-0.911) change in the mutation rate. This falls nowhere near the expected 10,000-fold reduction, indicating that in our bacterial systems, the effect of D abundance on the formation of point mutations is not deterministic. In addition, the combined results did not display a statistically significant change in the mutation/culture value, the mutation rate or the mutant frequency upon D-depletion. The potential mutagenic effect of D present at natural concentrations on E. coli is therefore below the limit of detection using the indicated methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walliyulahi Ajibola
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre of the Eötvös Lóránd Research Network, Szeged, Hungary
- Faculty of Science and Informatics, Doctoral School in Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Karcagi
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre of the Eötvös Lóránd Research Network, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Somlyai
- HYD LLC for Cancer Research and Drug Development, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Somlyai
- HYD LLC for Cancer Research and Drug Development, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Fehér
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre of the Eötvös Lóránd Research Network, Szeged, Hungary
- * E-mail: [
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Li S, Yu X, Zhen Z, Huang M, Lu J, Pang Y, Wang X, Gao Y. Geographical origin traceability and identification of refined sugar using UPLC-QTof-MS analysis. Food Chem 2021; 348:128701. [PMID: 33493847 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Authentication of geographical origin is essential to the food safety of refined sugar. This study aimed to determine the geographical origin traceability and authenticity of refined sugar in China. Ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-QTof-MS), instead of conventional stable isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS), was used to detect the mass fragment ratios (Rδ-sucrose and Rδ-glucose) of refined sugar. These ratios could reflect the cultivation practice and environmental conditions. A total of 108 batches of samples were collected from six regions in China, and additional 72 samples were verified with support vector machines (SVM) model, in order to evaluate the accuracy of origin identification and composition prediction. Our results showed that 83.3% of the refined sugar was correctly classified based on the geographical region of origin under different environmental conditions. These findings indicate that the specified mass fragment ratio may be a promising approach for assessing the traceability and authenticity of refined sugar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuocong Li
- Institute of Bioengineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510316, China; Guangdong Sugarcane Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou 510316, China.
| | - Xiwen Yu
- Institute of Bioengineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510316, China; Research Center for Sugarcane Industry Engineering Technology of Light Industry of China, Guangzhou 510316, China.
| | - Zhenpeng Zhen
- Institute of Bioengineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510316, China; Guangdong Sugarcane Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou 510316, China.
| | - Minxing Huang
- Institute of Bioengineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510316, China; Guangdong Sugarcane Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou 510316, China.
| | - Jianhua Lu
- Institute of Bioengineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510316, China; Guangdong Sugarcane Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou 510316, China.
| | - Yanghai Pang
- Institute of Bioengineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510316, China; Guangdong Sugarcane Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou 510316, China.
| | - XiaoPeng Wang
- Institute of Bioengineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510316, China; Guangdong Sugarcane Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou 510316, China.
| | - YuFeng Gao
- Institute of Bioengineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510316, China; Guangdong Sugarcane Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou 510316, China.
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Zhu Z, Yin X, Song X, Wang B, Ma R, Zhao Y, Rani A, Wang Y, Yan Q, Jing S, Gessler A, Zhou Y. Leaf transition from heterotrophy to autotrophy is recorded in the intraleaf C, H and O isotope patterns of leaf organic matter. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2020; 34:e8840. [PMID: 32441059 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Quantitatively relating 13 C/12 C, 2 H/1 H and 18 O/16 O ratios of plant α-cellulose and 2 H/1 H of n-alkanes to environmental conditions and metabolic status should ideally be based on the leaf, the plant organ most sensitive to environmental change. The fact that leaf organic matter is composed of isotopically different heterotrophic and autotrophic components means that it is imperative that one be able to disentangle the relative heterotrophic and autotrophic contributions to leaf organic matter. METHODS We tackled this issue by two-dimensional sampling of leaf water and α-cellulose, and specific n-alkanes from greenhouse-grown immature and mature and field-grown mature banana leaves, taking advantage of their large areas and thick waxy layers. Leaf water, α-cellulose and n-alkane isotope ratios were then characterized using elemental analysis isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) or gas chromatography IRMS. A three-member (heterotrophy, autotrophy and photoheterotrophy) conceptual linear mixing model was then proposed for disentangling the relative contributions of the three trophic modes. RESULTS We discovered distinct spatial leaf water, α-cellulose and n-alkane isotope ratio patterns that varied with leaf developmental stages. We inferred from the conceptual model that, averaged over the leaf blade, only 20% of α-cellulose in banana leaf is autotrophically laid down in both greenhouse-grown and field-grown banana leaves, while approximately 60% and 100% of n-alkanes are produced autotrophically in greenhouse-grown and field-grown banana leaves, respectively. There exist distinct lateral (edge to midrib) gradients in autotrophic contributions of α-cellulose and n-alkanes. CONCLUSIONS Efforts to establish quantitative isotope-environment relationships should take into account the fact that the evaporative leaf water 18 O and 2 H enrichment signal recorded in autotrophically laid down α-cellulose is significantly diluted by the heterotrophically formed α-cellulose. The δ2 H value of field-grown mature banana leaf n-alkanes is much more sensitive than α-cellulose as a recorder of the growth environment. Quantitative isotope-environment relationship based on greenhouse-grown n-alkane δ2 H values may not be reliable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Zhu
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Weiyang University Park, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Xijie Yin
- Laboratory of Marine & Coastal Geology, MNR Third Institute of Oceanology, 178 Daxue Road, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xin Song
- School of Life and Marine Sciences, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Road, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Weiyang University Park, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Ran Ma
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Weiyang University Park, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Weiyang University Park, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Andleeb Rani
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Weiyang University Park, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Weiyang University Park, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Qiulin Yan
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Weiyang University Park, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Su Jing
- Laboratory of Marine & Coastal Geology, MNR Third Institute of Oceanology, 178 Daxue Road, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Arthur Gessler
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
| | - Youping Zhou
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Weiyang University Park, Xi'an, 710021, China
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Ma R, Zhao Y, Liu L, Zhu Z, Wang B, Wang Y, Yin X, Su J, Zhou Y. Novel Position-Specific 18O/ 16O Measurement of Carbohydrates. II. The Complete Intramolecular 18O/ 16O Profile of the Glucose Unit in a Starch of C4 Origin. Anal Chem 2020; 92:7462-7470. [PMID: 32365292 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Information about plant photosynthetic carbon assimilation, physiology, and biochemistry is locked in the 18O/16O ratios of the individual positions of higher plants carbohydrates but is under-utilized, because of the difficulty of making these determinations. We report the extension of the wet chemistry approach we used to access the 18O/16O ratio of O-3 of glucose with a novel GC/Pyrolysis/IRMS-based method, to determine the 18O/16O ratios of O-4, O-5, and O-6. The O atoms (OH groups) at positions 1, 2, 5, and 6 of glucose were protected by acetonation (converting to 1,2;5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-glucofuranose, DAGF). The DAGF was then converted to 6-bromo-6-deoxy-1,2;3,5-di-O-isopropylidene-glucofuranose (6-bromoDAGF) with the simultaneous removal of O-6 with N-bromosuccinimide and triphenylphosphine. The DAGF was also methylated at O-3 with CH3I under the catalysis of NaH to 3-methylDAGF, which was then deacetonated to 1,2-O-isopropylidene-3-O-methyl-glucofuranose (3-methylMAGF). O-5 and O-6 were then removed as a whole from 3-methylMAGF by I2 oxidization under the catalysis of Ph3P and imidazole. Isotope mass balance was then applied to calculate the 18O/16O of O-5 and O-6 as a whole and O-6, respectively. Sampling at different stages of substrate conversion to product and applying a Rayleigh-type fractionation model were employed, when quantitative conversion of substrate was unachievable to calculate the δ18O of the converted substrate. Quantitative conversion of glucose with phenylhydrazine to phenylglucosazone also allowed for the calculation of δ18O2 by applying isotope mass balance between the two. A C4 starch-derived glucose intramolecular δ18O profile is now determined: O-3 is relatively enriched (by 12.16 mUr), O-4 is relatively depleted (by 20.40-31.11 mUr), and O-2 is marginally enriched (by 2.40 mUr) against the molecular average.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Ma
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, China, 710021
| | - Yu Zhao
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, China, 710021
| | - Lan Liu
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, China, 710021.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai, China, 519082
| | - Zhenyu Zhu
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, China, 710021
| | - Bo Wang
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, China, 710021
| | - Ying Wang
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, China, 710021
| | - Xijie Yin
- MNR Third Institute of Oceanology, Xiamen, China, 361005
| | - Jing Su
- MNR Third Institute of Oceanology, Xiamen, China, 361005
| | - Youping Zhou
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, China, 710021.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai, China, 519082
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Ma R, Zhu Z, Wang B, Zhao Y, Yin X, Lu F, Wang Y, Su J, Hocart CH, Zhou Y. Novel Position-Specific 18O/16O Measurement of Carbohydrates. I. O-3 of Glucose and Confirmation of 18O/16O Heterogeneity at Natural Abundance Levels in Glucose from Starch in a C4 Plant. Anal Chem 2018; 90:10293-10301. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Ma
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhu
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Xijie Yin
- SOA Third Institute of Oceanography, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Fengyan Lu
- Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Jing Su
- SOA Third Institute of Oceanography, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Charles H. Hocart
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Youping Zhou
- Isotopomics in Chemical Biology & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
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