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Palombi T, Lucidi F, Chirico A, Alessandri G, Filosa L, Tavolucci S, Borghi AM, Fini C, Cavicchiolo E, Pistella J, Baiocco R, Alivernini F. Is the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire a Valid Measure in Older People? Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2707. [PMID: 37893781 PMCID: PMC10606683 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11202707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the widely recognized benefits of physical activity for preventing physical and cognitive decline during aging, global estimates indicate that most older adults do not achieve the recommended amount of physical activity due to a lack of motivation. The current research examined the validity and psychometric properties of the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire (BREQ-3) among older adults. Based on Self-Determination Theory (SDT), the BREQ-3 stands out as one of the most extensively utilized tools among exercise motivation studies. METHODS A sample of older adults (N = 383; M age = 73.2 years, SD age = 7.2) completed the BREQ-3 and the Godin-Shepard Leisure-Time Physical Activity Questionnaire (GSLTPAQ). RESULTS Confirmatory factor analyses confirmed the six-factor structure postulated by SDT, showing good fit indices (CFI= 0.95; RMSEA = 0.05; SRMR = 0.04) and supporting the full measurement invariance of the scale across sex and age groups (65 to 74 years; over 75 years). The construct and criterion validity of the BREQ-3 was upheld through the latent correlations between its subscales and their correlations with the GSLTPAQ. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated for the first time the effectiveness of the BREQ-3 in assessing all forms of behavioral regulation proposed by SDT in older adults, suggesting that older adults similarly interpreted the items across sex and age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Palombi
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (A.C.); (J.P.); (R.B.); (F.A.)
| | - Fabio Lucidi
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (A.C.); (J.P.); (R.B.); (F.A.)
| | - Andrea Chirico
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (A.C.); (J.P.); (R.B.); (F.A.)
| | - Guido Alessandri
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.A.); (L.F.); (S.T.)
| | - Lorenzo Filosa
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.A.); (L.F.); (S.T.)
| | - Simone Tavolucci
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.A.); (L.F.); (S.T.)
| | - Anna M. Borghi
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.M.B.); (C.F.)
| | - Chiara Fini
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.M.B.); (C.F.)
| | - Elisa Cavicchiolo
- Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Jessica Pistella
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (A.C.); (J.P.); (R.B.); (F.A.)
| | - Roberto Baiocco
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (A.C.); (J.P.); (R.B.); (F.A.)
| | - Fabio Alivernini
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (A.C.); (J.P.); (R.B.); (F.A.)
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Martela F, Ryan RM. Clarifying Eudaimonia and Psychological Functioning to Complement Evaluative and Experiential Well-Being: Why Basic Psychological Needs Should Be Measured in National Accounts of Well-Being. Perspect Psychol Sci 2023; 18:1121-1135. [PMID: 36626353 PMCID: PMC10475214 DOI: 10.1177/17456916221141099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Measuring subjective well-being as a key indicator of national wellness has increasingly become part of the international agenda. Current recommendations for measuring well-being at a national level propose three separate dimensions: evaluative well-being, experiential well-being, and eudaimonia. Whereas the measurement of the first two dimensions is relatively standardized, the third category has remained undertheorized, lacking consensus on how to define and operationalize it. To remedy the situation, we propose that the third dimension should focus on psychological functioning and the identification of key psychological factors humans generally need to live well. A key part of psychological functioning is the satisfaction of basic psychological needs-specific types of satisfying experiences that are essential for psychological health and well-being. Psychological needs as a category provides a parsimonious set of elements with clear inclusion criteria that are strongly anchored in theory and our current understanding of human nature-and could thus form a core part of the third, "eudaimonic" dimension of well-being. The needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness have especially received broad empirical support. Accordingly, national accounts of well-being should include measures for key psychological needs to gain an enriched and practically useful understanding of the well-being of the citizens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Martela
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Aalto University
| | - Richard M. Ryan
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University
- College of Education, Ewha Womans University
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Boskma A, van der Braak K, Ansari N, Hooft L, Wietasch G, Franx A, van der Laan M. Assessing the Well-Being at Work of Nurses and Doctors in Hospitals: Protocol for a Scoping Review of Monitoring Instruments. JMIR Res Protoc 2023; 12:e43692. [PMID: 37624632 PMCID: PMC10492165 DOI: 10.2196/43692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Well-being at work can be defined as "creating an environment to promote a state of contentment which allows an employee to flourish and achieve their full potential for the benefit of themselves and their organisation." In the health care context, well-being at work of nurses and doctors is important for good patient care. Moreover, it is strongly associated with individual- and organization-level consequences. Relevant literature presents models and concepts of physical, mental, and social well-being. This study uses the 6 elements of the job demands-resources (JD-R) model to interpret well-being at work (job demands, job resources, personal resources, leadership, well-being, and outcomes) as part of a Netherlands Federation of University Medical Hospitals program to find ways to improve and monitor health care professionals' well-being in Dutch hospitals. Many instruments exist to measure well-being at work in terms of population, setting, and other aspects. An overview of available and eligible instruments assessing and monitoring the well-being of nurses and doctors is currently missing. OBJECTIVE We will perform a scoping review aiming to provide an overview of validated instruments assessing and monitoring the well-being of nurses and doctors at work. METHODS We will perform a search of published literature in the following databases: Medline, Embase, and CINAHL. Studies will be eligible if they (1) assess well-being at work of nurses and doctors employed in hospitals; (2) describe an evaluation of an instrument or review an instrument; (3) measure well-being at work or aspects of well-being at work according to the elements of the JD-R model, and (4) were published in English from 2011 onwards. Title/abstract screening according to the eligibility criteria will be followed by full-text screening. Data extraction of included studies will be conducted by 3 reviewers independently. Reviewers will use standardized data extraction forms that include study characteristics, sample characteristics, measurement instrument details, and psychometric properties. The analysis will be descriptive. When synthesizing the data, a distinction will be made between comprehensive instruments and common instruments. RESULTS This scoping review identifies instruments that have been developed and validated for monitoring the well-being of nurses and doctors at work. Studies were searched between September and December 2021 and screened between December 2021 and May 2022. A total of 739 studies were included. CONCLUSIONS Timely screening of well-being at work may be beneficial for individual health care workers, the organization, and patients. There is often a substantial gap and mismatch between employer perceptions of well-being and well-being interventions. It is important to develop and implement suitable interventions adapted to the needs of nurses and doctors and their health or other problems. Well-being screening should be timely to gain insight into these needs and problems. Moreover, to determine the effectiveness of well-being interventions, measurement is mandatory. The results will be critical for organizations to select a monitoring instrument that best fits the needs of employees and organizations. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/43692.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Boskma
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Netherlands Federation of University Medical Centres, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Kim van der Braak
- Cochrane Netherlands, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Neda Ansari
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Lotty Hooft
- Cochrane Netherlands, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Götz Wietasch
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Arie Franx
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Maarten van der Laan
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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Fabian M, Breunig R, De Neve J. Worldview defence and self‐determination theory explain the return of racial voting: Evidence from the 2016 US election. Euro J Social Psych 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Fabian
- Institute for Social Change, University of Tasmania Tasmania Australia
| | - Robert Breunig
- Tax and Transfer Policy Institute Crawford School of Public Policy The Australian National University Canberra Australia
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van der Kaap-Deeder J, Sanchez A, Johannessen MRA, Stenseng F, Saksvik-Lehouillier I, Heissel A. The validation of the Norwegian Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale: A stratified sampling procedure. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1032006. [PMID: 36312065 PMCID: PMC9606828 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1032006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to validate the Norwegian version of the Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale (BPNSFS) and to examine its relations with indicators of well-being and ill-being. Additionally, despite the vast number of studies employing the BPNSFS, norms related to the BPNSFS are currently lacking. Therefore, we also aimed to provide normative data for this scale. Data were collected among a representative sample of 326 participants (M age = 42.90 years, SD = 14.76; range 18–70) in Norway, of which 49.7% was female. Results yielded evidence for a six-factor structure (i.e., combining satisfaction/frustration with the type of need) and showed the subscales to be highly reliable. Subsequent structural equation modeling showed that both need satisfaction and need frustration related strongly to vitality, life satisfaction, and internalizing symptoms, but in opposite ways. Norm scores were provided, thereby differentiating between women and men and different age groups. These findings support the use of the Norwegian BPNSFS and provide researchers and professionals with normative data on the most widely used tool to assess individuals’ satisfaction and frustration of the basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolene van der Kaap-Deeder
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- *Correspondence: Jolene van der Kaap-Deeder,
| | - Alba Sanchez
- Social and Preventive Medicine, Department of Sports and Health Sciences, Faculty of Human Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Frode Stenseng
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Andreas Heissel
- Social- and Preventive Medicine, Intra-Faculty Unit, Cognitive Sciences, Department of Sports and Health Sciences, Faculty of Human Science, and Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Research Area Services Research and e-Health, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
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Martela F, Lehmus-Sun A, Parker PD, Pessi AB, Ryan RM. Needs and Well-Being Across Europe: Basic Psychological Needs Are Closely Connected With Well-Being, Meaning, and Symptoms of Depression in 27 European Countries. Social Psychological and Personality Science 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/19485506221113678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the quest to identify the key sources of subjective well-being, self-determination theory (SDT) has proposed that three basic psychological needs—autonomy, competence, and relatedness—are fundamental to well-being across cultures. To understand their influence on well-being, we analyzed data from European Social Survey on 27 European countries ( n = 48,550) using structural equation modeling with alignment invariance that allowed us to get comparable indicators across the countries. Both across Europe, and within each of the 27 countries, SDT’s basic psychological needs—both when examined alone and when examined together—were strongly related to key indicators of well-being (happiness, life satisfaction, and meaning in life) and a key indicator of ill-being (symptoms of depression), even controlling for demographic factors and socio-economic position. Moreover, basic needs substantially and sometimes fully mediated the effects of socio-economic position on well-being, underscoring their status as crucial to human well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Richard M. Ryan
- Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Cavicchiolo E, Sibilio M, Lucidi F, Cozzolino M, Chirico A, Girelli L, Manganelli S, Giancamilli F, Galli F, Diotaiuti P, Zelli A, Mallia L, Palombi T, Fegatelli D, Albarello F, Alivernini F. The Psychometric Properties of the Behavioural Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire (BREQ-3): Factorial Structure, Invariance and Validity in the Italian Context. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:1937. [PMID: 35206126 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19041937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Background: Motivation to engage in physical activity plays a central role in ensuring the health of the population. The present study investigated the psychometric properties and validity in Italy of the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire (BREQ-3), a widely used instrument for assessing individuals’ motivation to exercise based on self-determination theory (SDT). Methods: A large sample (N = 2222; females = 55.4%; Mage = 36.4 years, SDage = 13.9, min = 20, max = 69) of young people, and middle aged and older adults completed the Italian translation of the BREQ-3, also indicating their intentions to exercise in the following weeks. Results: Confirmatory factor analyses showed that the posited six-factor structure of the BREQ-3 fitted the data well (CFI = 0.96; RMSEA = 0.05; SRMR = 0.04) and provided evidence for full measurement invariance across gender and different age groups. The construct validity of the BREQ-3 was supported by the latent correlations among the subscales, which were consistent with the quasi-simplex pattern theorized by SDT. The overall level of self-determination and the intention to exercise were positively correlated, providing evidence for the criterion validity of the scale. Conclusions: The Italian version of the BREQ-3 has proved to be a reliable and valid instrument for measuring the behavioral regulation of exercise in individuals with different demographic characteristics.
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