1
|
Zhang S, Li Y, Jiang L, Han W, Zhao Y, Jiang X, Li J, Shi W, Zhang X. Organic fertilizer facilitates the soil microplastic surface degradation and enriches the diversity of bacterial biofilm. J Hazard Mater 2023; 459:132139. [PMID: 37517233 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
The land-use of organic fertilizers is considered as an important sustainable method for resource utilization, which may have an impact on the microplastic behaviors in the soil. Here, a 240-d dark culture experiment was conducted to reveal the degradation and biofilm characteristics of degradable and refractory granule microplastics in soil and soil-fertilizer systems. The results indicated that microplastics generally exhibited a weak weight loss as well as a specific etiolation on the surface after the culture, especially polyvinyl-chloride and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA). Increase in carbon-oxygen functional groups and the changes of oxygen/carbon ratios were noticed, which implied that oxidation and degradation occurred on the surface of microplastics during the cultural process. The changes were more intense on the degradable PHA, and the fertilized-soil treatment than those of the refractory microplastics and the pure soil. Moreover, the addition of organic fertilizers enriched the community diversity of bacterial biofilm on multiple microplastic surfaces. In this regard, the animal fertilizers provided a stronger effect than the plant fertilizers. Overall, the soil, fertilizer and microplastic types affected the community structure and diversity of bacterial biofilm. The outcomes of this study would provide a theoretical basis for the utilization of organic matters for agricultural soil applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yanxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Linshu Jiang
- Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Wei Han
- Solid Waste and Chemicals Management Center, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xiaoman Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wenzhuo Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xuelian Zhang
- Beijing Soil and Fertilizer Extension Service Station, Beijing 100029, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lu YH, Wang B, Xue MY, Lu YW. Kinetics of thermal oxidative degradation of poly (vinyl chloride) containing Ca and Sn at low temperature. Waste Manag 2021; 121:52-58. [PMID: 33348230 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Calcium metal soap and polyol (dipentaerythritol) additives are replacing or partially replacing organotin in poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) heat stabilizers due to their low cost, nontoxicity and safety. Therefore, investigating the low-temperature thermal oxidative degradation of stabilized plasticized PVC from the source is essential for recycling. This work uses isothermal thermogravimetry to investigate the thermal degradation process and isothermal discoloration of PVC/calcium metal soap/dipentaerythritol/organotin soft products with excellent heat resistance at 453-503 K and under air atmosphere. The chemical kinetics method is used to fit a single equation model of mass loss and time during the thermal oxidation degradation of PVC, and the kinetic equation obtained is: -ln(1 - α) = 3.83 × 103exp (-6834.4/T)t. When the temperature is 453-503 K, the calculation results are basically consistent with the experimental data and are independent of the heating rate and temperature changes. In addition, the isothermal discoloration of different PVC materials was tested under air atmosphere at 468 K. The results show that when the test material is PVC/calcium metal soap/dipentaerythritol/organotin, the heat aging time to become completely blackened is longer than that of the blank sample, which indicates a strong interaction occurs between Sn, Ca and dipentaerythritol complexes and PVC molecules, inhibiting the release of hydrogen chloride. At the same time, in order to recover PVC and prevent it from carbonization, if the temperature is set to 486 K, the thermal oxidation degradation time of PVC should be less than 130 min.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Heng Lu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, 232001 Huainan, China.
| | - Bing Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, 232001 Huainan, China
| | - Meng-Yao Xue
- College of Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, 232001 Huainan, China
| | - Yu-Wei Lu
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, Universite de Paris Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gaina V, Nechifor M, Gaina C, Ursache O. Maleimides – a versatile platform for polymeric materials designed/tailored for high performance applications. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2020.1811315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Gaina
- Laboratory of Poliaddition and Photochemistry, “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Iasi, Romania
| | - M. Nechifor
- Laboratory of Poliaddition and Photochemistry, “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Iasi, Romania
| | - C. Gaina
- Laboratory of Poliaddition and Photochemistry, “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Iasi, Romania
| | - O. Ursache
- Laboratory of Poliaddition and Photochemistry, “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Iasi, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Korkusuz Ç, Tüzüm Demir AP. Evaluation of the thermal stabilization behavior of hydrotalcite against organic stabilizers for plasticized PVC films. Polym Bull (Berl) 2020; 77:4805-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-019-02977-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
5
|
Ma B, Wang X, Lu S, He H, Ma M, Shi Y, Chen S. A novel double agent of triazole-based zinc-containing complex which constituted Zn/Zn stabilizer system with zinc stearate as thermal stabilizer for poly(vinyl chloride). Polym Degrad Stab 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.108953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
6
|
Wang X, Ma B, Wang Y, Lu S, Ma M, Shi Y, Chen S. A new theory of “two-step stabilization mechanism” for triazole-based zinc-containing complex as thermal stabilizer for poly(vinyl chloride). Polym Degrad Stab 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
7
|
Li Y, Li D, Han W, Zhang M, Ai B, Zhang L, Sun H, Cui Z. Facile Synthesis of Di-Mannitol Adipate Ester-Based Zinc Metal Alkoxide as a Bi-Functional Additive for Poly(Vinyl Chloride). Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11050813. [PMID: 31064112 PMCID: PMC6572388 DOI: 10.3390/polym11050813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A new di-mannitol adipate ester-based zinc metal alkoxide (DMAE-Zn) was synthesized as a bi-functional poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) thermal stabilizer for the first time. The materials were characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Characterization results confirmed the formation of Zn–O bonds in DMAE-Zn, and confirmed that DMAE-Zn had a high decomposition temperature and a low melting point. The thermal stability of DMAE-Zn on PVC also was tested by a conductivity test, a thermal aging test, and a UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-VIS) test. PVC stabilized by DMAE-Zn had a good initial color and excellent long-term stability. UV-VIS also showed that the conjugated structure in PVC stabilized by DMAE-Zn was almost all of the triene, suggesting that the addition of DMAE-Zn would suppress the formation of conjugated structures above tetraene. The dynamic processing performance of PVC samples tested by torque rheometer indicated that, having a good compatibility with PVC chains in the amorphous regions, DMAE-Zn contributed a good plasticizing effect to PVC. DMAE-Zn thus effectively demonstrates bi-functional roles, e.g., thermal stabilizers and plasticizers to PVC. Furthermore, FT-IR, a HCl absorption capacity test, and a complex ZnCl2 test were also used to verify the thermal stability mechanism of DMAE-Zn for PVC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuepeng Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China.
| | - Degang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China.
| | - Wenyuan Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China.
| | - Manqi Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China.
| | - Bing Ai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China.
| | - Lipeng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China.
| | - Hongqi Sun
- School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia.
| | - Zhen Cui
- Weifang Zhengxuan Rare Earth Catalytic Materials Co., Ltd., Weifang 262737, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
De Matheo LL, Geremia J, Calas MJG, Costa-Júnior JFS, da Silva FFF, von Krüger MA, Pereira WCDA. PVCP-based anthropomorphic breast phantoms containing structures similar to lactiferous ducts for ultrasound imaging: A comparison with human breasts. Ultrasonics 2018; 90:144-152. [PMID: 29966842 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to obtain an anthropomorphic phantom with acoustic properties similar to those of breast tissue, possessing lactiferous duct-like structures, which would be a first for this type of phantom. Breast lesions usually grow in glandular tissues or lactiferous ducts. Shape variations in these structures are detectable by using ultrasound imaging. To increase early diagnosis, it is important to develop computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems and improve medical training. Using tissue-like materials that mimic known internal structures can help achieve both of these goals. However, most breast ultrasound phantoms described in the literature emulate only fat tissues and lesion-like masses. In addition, commercially available phantoms claim to be realistic, but do not contain lactiferous duct structures. In this work, we collected reference images from both breasts of ten healthy female volunteers aged between 20 and 30 years using a 10 MHz linear transducer of a B-mode medical ultrasound system. Histograms of the grey scale distribution of each tissue component of interest, the grey level means, and standard deviations of the regions of interest were obtained. Phantoms were produced using polyvinyl chloride plastisol (PVCP) suspensions. The lactiferous duct-like structures were prepared using pure PVCP. Solid scatterers, such as alumina (mesh #100) and graphite powders (mesh #140) were added to the phantom matrix to mimic glandular and fat tissue, respectively. The phantom duct-like structure diameters observed on B-mode images (1.92 mm ± 0.44) were similar to real measures obtained with a micrometer (2.08 mm ± 0.23). The phantom ducts are easy to produce and are largely stable for at least one year. This phantom allows the researchers to elaborate the structure at their will and may be used in training and as a reference for development of CAD systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Lobianco De Matheo
- Programa de Engenharia Biomédica, COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Biomedical Engineering Program, COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Geremia
- Programa de Engenharia Biomédica, COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Biomedical Engineering Program, COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maria Júlia Gregorio Calas
- Programa de Engenharia Biomédica, COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Biomedical Engineering Program, COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - José Francisco Silva Costa-Júnior
- Programa de Engenharia Biomédica, COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Biomedical Engineering Program, COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Flavia Fernandes Ferreira da Silva
- Programa de Engenharia Biomédica, COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Biomedical Engineering Program, COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marco Antônio von Krüger
- Programa de Engenharia Biomédica, COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Biomedical Engineering Program, COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Wagner Coelho de Albuquerque Pereira
- Programa de Engenharia Biomédica, COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Biomedical Engineering Program, COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Essawy HA, El-Sabbagh SH, Hussein AI, Tawfik ME. Novel poly(vinyl chloride) based thermoplastic elastomers incorporating vinyl-functionalized silicone rubber. Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2018.1470470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hisham A. Essawy
- Department of Polymers and Pigments, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Salwa H. El-Sabbagh
- Department of Polymers and Pigments, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed I. Hussein
- Department of Polymers and Pigments, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Magda E. Tawfik
- Department of Polymers and Pigments, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang D, Yao S, Li S, Wang J, Yao Y. A novel La-containing additive for the long-term thermal stabilization of poly(vinyl chloride). Polym Degrad Stab 2017; 144:187-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
11
|
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Central South University; Changsha 410083 China
- Innovation Base of Energy and Chemical Materials for Graduate Student Training; Central South University; Changsha 410083 China
| | - Zhanhong Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Central South University; Changsha 410083 China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
de Carvalho IM, De Matheo LL, Costa Júnior JFS, Borba CDM, von Krüger MA, Infantosi AFC, Pereira WCDA. Polyvinyl chloride plastisol breast phantoms for ultrasound imaging. Ultrasonics 2016; 70:98-106. [PMID: 27153374 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2016.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasonic phantoms are objects that mimic some features of biological tissues, allowing the study of their interactions with ultrasound (US). In the diagnostic-imaging field, breast phantoms are an important tool for testing performance and optimizing US systems, as well as for training medical professionals. This paper describes the design and manufacture of breast lesions by using polyvinyl chloride plastisol (PVCP) as the base material. Among the materials available for this study, PVCP was shown to be stable, durable, and easy to handle. Furthermore, it is a nontoxic, nonpolluting, and low-cost material. The breast's glandular tissue (image background) was simulated by adding graphite powder with a concentration of 1% to the base material. Mixing PVCP and graphite powder in differing concentrations allows one to simulate lesions with different echogenicity patterns (anechoic, hypoechoic, and hyperechoic). From this mixture, phantom materials were obtained with speed of sound varying from 1379.3 to 1397.9ms(-1) and an attenuation coefficient having values between 0.29 and 0.94dBcm(-1) for a frequency of 1MHz at 24°C. A single layer of carnauba wax was added to the lesion surface in order to evaluate its applicability for imaging. The images of the phantoms were acquired using commercial ultrasound equipment; a specialist rated the images, elaborating diagnoses representative of both benign and malignant lesions. The results indicated that it was possible to easily create a phantom by using low-cost materials, readily available in the market and stable at room temperature, as the basis of ultrasonic phantoms that reproduce the image characteristics of fatty breast tissue and typical lesions of the breast.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucas Lobianco De Matheo
- Biomedical Engineering Program, COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | | | - Cecília de Melo Borba
- Biomedical Engineering Program, COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marco Antonio von Krüger
- Biomedical Engineering Program, COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Khalil AM, Rabie ST, Kapralkova L, Abd El Ghaffar MA. Itaconamide derivatives as organic stabilizers for poly(vinyl chloride) against photodegradation. Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2016.1121058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
14
|
Chaudhary BI, Nguyen BD, Zamanskiy A. Dialkyl furan-2,5-dicarboxylates, epoxidized fatty acid esters and their mixtures as bio-based plasticizers for poly(VInylchloride). J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bharat Indu Chaudhary
- Electrical and Telecommunications R&D, The Dow Chemical Company, 400 Arcola Road; Collegeville Pennsylvania 19426
| | - Buu-Dang Nguyen
- Electrical and Telecommunications R&D, The Dow Chemical Company, 400 Arcola Road; Collegeville Pennsylvania 19426
| | - Aleksandr Zamanskiy
- Electrical and Telecommunications R&D, The Dow Chemical Company, 400 Arcola Road; Collegeville Pennsylvania 19426
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mao D, Chaudhary BI, Sun B, Shen CY, Yuan DM, Dai GC, Li B, Cogen JM. Absorption and migration of bio-based epoxidized soybean oil and its mixtures with tri(2-ethylhexyl) trimellitate in poly(vinylchloride). J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.41966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Di Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 People's Republic of China
| | | | - Bin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Yin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-ming Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 People's Republic of China
| | - Gan-Ce Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Li
- Dow Chemical (China) Company Limited; 936 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203 People's Republic of China
| | - Jeffrey M. Cogen
- The Dow Chemical Company; 400 Arcola Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426
| |
Collapse
|