1
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Wang Y, Zhang W, Wang Z, Lyu S. A polylactic acid degrading lipase from Bacillus safensis: Characterization and structural analysis. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131916. [PMID: 38679264 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
A polylactic acid degrading triacylglycerol lipase (TGL) was identified from Bacillus safensis based on genome annotation and validated by real-time quantitative PCR. TGL displayed optimal activity at pH 9.0 and 55 °C. It maintained stability at pH 9.0 and temperatures 45 °C. The activity of TGL was found to benefit from the presence of potassium sodium ions, and low concentrations of Triton X-100. The TGL could erode the surface of polylactic acid films and increase its hydrophilicity. The hydrolysis products of polylactic acid by TGL were lactate monomer and dimer. TGL contains a classical catalytic triad structure of lipase (Ser77, Asp133, and His156) and an Ala-X-Ser-X-Gly sequence. Compared with some lipases produced by the same genus Bacillus, TGL is highly conserved in its amino acid sequence, mainly reflected in the amino acid residues that exercise the enzyme activity, including the catalytic activity center and the substrate binding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Wang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Wanting Zhang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Zhanyong Wang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Extreme-environmental Microbiology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Shuxia Lyu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
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2
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Salam LB. Metagenomic investigations into the microbial consortia, degradation pathways, and enzyme systems involved in the biodegradation of plastics in a tropical lentic pond sediment. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:172. [PMID: 38630153 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-03972-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The exploitation of exciting features of plastics for diverse applications has resulted in significant plastic waste generation, which negatively impacts environmental compartments, metabolic processes, and the well-being of aquatic ecosystems biota. A shotgun metagenomic approach was deployed to investigate the microbial consortia, degradation pathways, and enzyme systems involved in the degradation of plastics in a tropical lentic pond sediment (APS). Functional annotation of the APS proteome (ORFs) using the PlasticDB database revealed annotation of 1015 proteins of enzymes such as depolymerase, esterase, lipase, hydrolase, nitrobenzylesterase, chitinase, carboxylesterase, polyesterase, oxidoreductase, polyamidase, PETase, MHETase, laccase, alkane monooxygenase, among others involved in the depolymerization of the plastic polymers. It also revealed that polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and nylon have the highest number of annotated enzymes. Further annotation using the KEGG GhostKOALA revealed that except for terephthalate, all the other degradation products of the plastic polymers depolymerization such as glyoxylate, adipate, succinate, 1,4-butanediol, ethylene glycol, lactate, and acetaldehyde were further metabolized to intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Taxonomic characterization of the annotated proteins using the AAI Profiler and BLASTP revealed that Pseudomonadota members dominate most plastic types, followed by Actinomycetota and Acidobacteriota. The study reveals novel plastic degraders from diverse phyla hitherto not reported to be involved in plastic degradation. This suggests that plastic pollution in aquatic environments is prevalent with well-adapted degrading communities and could be the silver lining in mitigating the impacts of plastic pollution in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lateef B Salam
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, Elizade University, Ilara-Mokin, Ondo State, Nigeria.
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3
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Yasin NM, Pancho F, Yasin M, Van Impe JFM, Akkermans S. Novel methods to monitor the biodegradation of polylactic acid (PLA) by Amycolatopsis orientalis and Amycolatopsis thailandensis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1355050. [PMID: 38655392 PMCID: PMC11035760 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1355050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Plastics are essential in modern life, but their conventional production is problematic due to environmental pollution and waste management issues. Polylactic acid (PLA) is a widely used bioplastic that is bio-based and biodegradable, making it a key player in the bioeconomy. PLA has been proven to be degradable in various settings, including aqueous, soil, and compost environments. However, monitoring and optimizing PLA biodegradation remains challenging. This study proposes methods to improve the quantification of PLA biodegradation by Amycolatopsis spp. Ultrasound treatments (10 s) significantly improved the enumeration of viable Amycolatopsis cells by breaking the pellets into quantifiable individual cells. A separation technique combining ultrasound (120 s) and 40 μm cell strainers effectively isolated PLA particles from biomass to quantify PLA weight loss. This enabled the monitoring of PLA biofragmentation. Finally, CO2 production was measured according to ISO 14852 to quantify mineralization. Integrating these methods provides an improved quantification for PLA biodegradation along its different stages. In a case study, this led to the construction of a carbon balance where 85.1% of initial carbon content was successfully tracked. The developed techniques for monitoring of PLA biodegradation are essential to design future waste management strategies for biodegradable plastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najwa Mat Yasin
- BioTeC+ - Chemical and Biochemical Process Technology and Control, KU Leuven, Ghent, Belgium
- Faculty of Ocean Engineering and Informatics, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT), Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Farlash Pancho
- BioTeC+ - Chemical and Biochemical Process Technology and Control, KU Leuven, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Md Yasin
- BioTeC+ - Chemical and Biochemical Process Technology and Control, KU Leuven, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan F. M. Van Impe
- BioTeC+ - Chemical and Biochemical Process Technology and Control, KU Leuven, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Simen Akkermans
- BioTeC+ - Chemical and Biochemical Process Technology and Control, KU Leuven, Ghent, Belgium
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4
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Mayekar PC, Auras R. Accelerating Biodegradation: Enhancing Poly(lactic acid) Breakdown at Mesophilic Environmental Conditions with Biostimulants. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300641. [PMID: 38206571 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) has garnered interest due to its low environmental footprint and ability to replace conventional polymers and be disposed of in industrial composting environments. Although PLA is compostable when subjected to a suitable set of conditions, its broader acceptance in industrial composting facilities has been affected adversely due to longer degradation timeframes than the readily biodegradable organic waste fraction. PLA must be fully exposed to thermophilic conditions for prolonged periods to biodegrade, which has restricted its adoption and hindered its acceptance in industrial composting facilities, negating its home composting potential. Thus, enhancing PLA biodegradation is crucial to expand its acceptance. PLA's biodegradability is investigated in a compost matrix under mesophilic conditions at 37 °C for 180 days by biostimulating the compost environment with skim milk, gelatin, and ethyl lactate to enhance the different stages of PLA biodegradation. The evolved CO2, number average molecular weight (Mn), and crystallinity evolution are tracked. To achieve a Mn ≲ 10 kDa for PLA, the biodegradation rate is accelerated by 15% by adding skim milk, 25% by adding gelatin, and 22% by adding ethyl lactate. This work shows potential techniques to help biodegrade PLA in home composting setting by adding biostimulants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja C Mayekar
- The School of Packaging, Michigan State University, 157 Packaging Building, 448 Wilson Rd, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Rafael Auras
- The School of Packaging, Michigan State University, 157 Packaging Building, 448 Wilson Rd, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
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5
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Mayekar PC, Auras R. Speeding it up: dual effects of biostimulants and iron on the biodegradation of poly(lactic acid) at mesophilic conditions. Environ Sci Process Impacts 2024; 26:530-539. [PMID: 38345085 DOI: 10.1039/d3em00534h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Plastic pollution presents a growing concern, and various solutions have been proposed to address it. One such solution involves the development of new plastics that match the properties of traditional polymers while exhibiting enhanced biodegradability when disposed of in a suitable environment. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a biobased, compostable polymer known for its low environmental impact and ability to break down into harmless components within a specified timeframe. However, its degradation in industrial composting facilities poses challenges, and it cannot degrade in home composting. In this study, we investigated the biodegradability of PLA within a biostimulated compost matrix at mesophilic conditions (37 °C) over 180 days. The compost environment was enhanced with Fe3O4 nanopowder, skim milk, gelatin, and ethyl lactate, individually and in combination, to target different stages of the PLA biodegradation process. We monitored key indicators, CO2 evolution, number average molecular weight, and crystallinity, to assess the impact of the various biostimulants and iron. The results demonstrated that the most effective treatment for degrading PLA at mesophilic conditions was adding gelatin and Fe3O4. Gelatin accelerated PLA biodegradation by 25%, Fe3O4 by 17%, and a combination of gelatin and Fe3O4 by 30%. The effect of skim milk and ethyl lactate is also reported. This research introduces novel pathways to enhance PLA biodegradation in home composting scenarios, offering promising solutions to address the plastic pollution challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja C Mayekar
- School of Packaging, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.
| | - Rafael Auras
- School of Packaging, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.
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6
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Martins JR, Llanos JHR, Abe MM, Costa ML, Brienzo M. New blend of renewable bioplastic based on starch and acetylated xylan with high resistance to oil and water vapor. Carbohydr Res 2024; 537:109068. [PMID: 38417199 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Renewable materials of biological origin exhibit attractive properties in relation to traditional plastics, as they can be partially or completely replaced, thereby reducing environmental impacts. Hemicelluloses are a group of polysaccharides that have expanded applications when acetylated. Acetylation can improve the mechanical strength and water vapor barrier properties of xylan-based bioplastics. By partially acetylating xylan in the present study, it was possible to use water as a solvent for the film-forming solution and starch as a second polysaccharide in the formation of bioplastics. Xylan was modified via partial chemical acetylation by varying the reaction time, solvent, and catalyst content. The bioplastics were formed by non-acetylated xylan and acetylated xylan with degrees of substitution (DS) of 0.45 and 0.9, respectively, with starch to form blends using glycerol as a plasticizer. Acetylation with DS 0.45 showed better results in increasing the hydrophilicity of the bioplastic. On the other hand, acetylation influenced the thermal stability of bioplastics, increasing the maximum temperature of the degradation rate from 302 °C to 329 °C and 315 °C, owing to changes in the crystallinity of the polymers. In addition to the modulus of elasticity 2.99 to 290.61 and 274.67 MPa for the non-acetylated bioplastic and the bioplastic with DS of 0.45 and 0.90, respectively. Thus, the films obtained presented suitable physicochemical properties for use in various industrial applications, such as active and intelligent packaging in the food sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Ribeiro Martins
- Institute for Research in Bioenergy (IPBEN), São Paulo State University (Unesp), 13500-230, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Mateus Manabu Abe
- Institute for Research in Bioenergy (IPBEN), São Paulo State University (Unesp), 13500-230, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Michelle Leali Costa
- Materials and Technology Department, School of Engineering, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Av. Dr. Ariberto Pereira da Cunha 333, Guaratinguetá, 12516-410, Brazil; Lightweight Structures Laboratory (LEL/IPT), Rod. Presidente Dutra, s/n, 137, 8 km - Eugenio de Melo, São José dos Campos, 12247-004, Brazil
| | - Michel Brienzo
- Institute for Research in Bioenergy (IPBEN), São Paulo State University (Unesp), 13500-230, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
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7
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Rajeshkumar L, Kumar PS, Ramesh M, Sanjay MR, Siengchin S. Assessment of biodegradation of lignocellulosic fiber-based composites - A systematic review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127237. [PMID: 37804890 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic fiber-reinforced polymer composites are the most extensively used modern-day materials with low density and better specific strength specifically developed to render better physical, mechanical, and thermal properties. Synthetic fiber-reinforced composites face some serious issues like low biodegradability, non-environmentally friendly, and low disposability. Lignocellulosic or natural fiber-reinforced composites, which are developed from various plant-based fibers and animal-based fibers are considered potential substitutes for synthetic fiber composites because they are characterized by lightweight, better biodegradability, and are available at low cost. It is very much essential to study end-of-life (EoL) conditions like biodegradability for the biocomposites which occur commonly after their service life. During biodegradation, the physicochemical arrangement of the natural fibers, the environmental conditions, and the microbial populations, to which the natural fiber composites are exposed, play the most influential factors. The current review focuses on a comprehensive discussion of the standards and assessment methods of biodegradation in aerobic and anaerobic conditions on a laboratory scale. This review is expected to serve the materialists and technologists who work on the EoL behaviour of various materials, particularly in natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites to apply these standards and test methods to various classes of biocomposites for developing sustainable materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Rajeshkumar
- Centre for Machining and Materials Testing, KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Sathish Kumar
- Natural Composites Research Group Lab, Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - M Ramesh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KIT-Kalaignarkarunanidhi Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M R Sanjay
- Natural Composites Research Group Lab, Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Suchart Siengchin
- Natural Composites Research Group Lab, Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Bangkok, Thailand
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8
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Lu Q, Jiang Z, Tang P, Yu C, Jiang F, Huang J, Feng W, Wei Z. Identify the potential driving mechanism of reconstructed bacterial community in reduce CO 2 emissions and promote humus formation during cow manure composting. J Environ Manage 2023; 345:118896. [PMID: 37666131 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
The mineralization of organic components releases CO2 during composting, which not only leads to the loss of organic carbon, but has a direct negative impact on the environment. Malonic acid as a competitive inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase could affect the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and reduce CO2 emissions. However, the bacterial interaction and organic component transformation has less known how to malonic acid reduce CO2 and improve of humus synthesis in complex composting. The aim of this study was to investigated the malonic acid on organic carbon sequestration and transforming cow manure waste into products with high humus content. Humus content was elevated by 16.8% and cumulative CO2 emissions (30 d)d reduced by 13.6% after malonic acid addition compared to the CK. SparCC analysis of bacterial interaction presented that the network complexity and stability was more higher with malonic acid addition, while a greater concentration of keystones and their ecological metabolic functions was observed, suggesting they weaken the influence of TCA cycle inhibition by enhancing interactions. PICRUSt predictions indicate that malonic acid might enhance humus content by promoting the synthesis of polyphenols and polymerization with amino acids. This study investigated the potential mechanism of regulators to enhance quality and reduce emissions during humification process, providing a new strategy for the resource utilization of organic solid waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Lu
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China; College of Life Sciences and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China
| | - Ziwei Jiang
- College of Life Sciences and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China
| | - Pengfei Tang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Ecological Environment Monitoring Center, Harbin, 150056, China
| | - Chunjing Yu
- College of Life Sciences and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China
| | - Fangzhi Jiang
- College of Life Sciences and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China
| | - Jiayue Huang
- College of Life Sciences and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China
| | - Wenxuan Feng
- College of Life Sciences and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China
| | - Zimin Wei
- College of Life Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China.
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9
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Cho Y, Jeong H, Kim B, Jang J, Song YS, Lee DY. Electrospun Poly(L-Lactic Acid)/Gelatin Hybrid Polymer as a Barrier to Periodontal Tissue Regeneration. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3844. [PMID: 37765697 PMCID: PMC10537136 DOI: 10.3390/polym15183844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) and PLLA/gelatin polymers were prepared via electrospinning to evaluate the effect of PLLA and gelatin content on the mechanical properties, water uptake capacity (WUC), water contact angle (WCA), degradation rate, cytotoxicity and cell proliferation of membranes. As the PLLA concentration increased from 1 wt% to 3 wt%, the tensile strength increased from 5.8 MPa to 9.1 MPa but decreased to 7.0 MPa with 4 wt% PLLA doping. The WUC decreased rapidly from 594% to 236% as the PLLA content increased from 1 to 4 wt% due to the increased hydrophobicity of PLLA. As the gelatin content was increased to 3 wt% PLLA, the strength, WUC and WCA of the PLLA/gelatin membrane changed from 9.1 ± 0.9 MPa to 13.3 ± 2.3 MPa, from 329% to 1248% and from 127 ± 1.2° to 0°, respectively, with increasing gelatin content from 0 to 40 wt%. However, the failure strain decreased from 3.0 to 0.5. The biodegradability of the PLLA/gelatin blend increased from 3 to 38% as the gelatin content increased to 40 wt%. The viability of L-929 and MG-63 cells in the PLLA/gelatin blend was over 95%, and the excellent cell proliferation and mechanical properties suggested that the tunable PLLA/gelatin barrier membrane was well suited for absorbable periodontal tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngchae Cho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Daelim University, Anyang 13916, Republic of Korea; (Y.C.); (H.J.)
| | - Heeseok Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Daelim University, Anyang 13916, Republic of Korea; (Y.C.); (H.J.)
| | - Baeyeon Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea;
| | - Juwoong Jang
- Department of R&D Center, Renewmedical Co., Ltd., Bucheon 14532, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yo-Seung Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Aviation University, Goyang 10540, Republic of Korea;
| | - Deuk Yong Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Daelim University, Anyang 13916, Republic of Korea; (Y.C.); (H.J.)
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10
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Colli-Gongora PE, Moo-Tun NM, Herrera-Franco PJ, Valadez-Gonzalez A. Assessing the Effect of Cellulose Nanocrystal Content on the Biodegradation Kinetics of Multiscale Polylactic Acid Composites under Controlled Thermophilic Composting Conditions. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3093. [PMID: 37514482 PMCID: PMC10384347 DOI: 10.3390/polym15143093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This work studied the effect of cellulose nanocrystal (NCC) content on the biodegradation kinetics of PLA-based multiscale cellulosic biocomposites (PLAMCBs). To facilitate biodegradation, the materials were subjected to thermo-oxidation before composting. Biodegradation was carried out for 180 days under controlled thermophilic composting conditions according to the ASTM D 5338 standard. A first-order model based on Monod's kinetics under limiting substrate conditions was used to study the effect of cellulose nanocrystal (NCC) content on the biodegradation kinetics of multiscale composite materials. It was found that thermo-oxidation at 70 °C for 160 h increased the biodegradability of PLA. Also, it was found that the incorporation of cellulosic fibrous reinforcements increased the biodegradability of PLA by promoting hydrolysis during the first stage of composting. Likewise, it was found that partial substitution of micro cellulose (MFC) by cellulose nanocrystals (NCCs) increased the biodegradability of the biocomposite. This increase was more evident as the NCC content increased, which was attributed to the fact that the incorporation of cellulose nanocrystals facilitated the entry of water into the material and therefore promoted the hydrolytic degradation of the most recalcitrant fraction of PLA from the bulk and not only by surface erosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Esther Colli-Gongora
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C., Unidad de Materiales, Calle 43 # 130 Entre 32 y 34, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida C.P. 97205, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Nora Magally Moo-Tun
- MTGREEN LAB, Calle 127 # 566 Col. San Antonio Xluch, Mérida C.P. 97205, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Pedro Jesús Herrera-Franco
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C., Unidad de Materiales, Calle 43 # 130 Entre 32 y 34, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida C.P. 97205, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Alex Valadez-Gonzalez
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C., Unidad de Materiales, Calle 43 # 130 Entre 32 y 34, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida C.P. 97205, Yucatán, Mexico
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11
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Abstract
Biodegradation of polymers in composting conditions is an alternative end-of-life (EoL) scenario for contaminated materials collected through the municipal solid waste management system, mainly when mechanical or chemical methods cannot be used to recycle them. Compostability certification requirements are time-consuming and expensive. Therefore, approaches to accelerate the biodegradation of these polymers in simulated composting conditions can facilitate and speed up the evaluation and selection of potential compostable polymer alternatives and inform faster methods to biodegrade these polymers in real composting. This review highlights recent trends, challenges, and future strategies to accelerate biodegradation by modifying the polymer properties/structure and the compost environment. Both abiotic and biotic methods show potential for accelerating the biodegradation of biodegradable polymers. Abiotic methods, such as the incorporation of additives, reduction of molecular weight, reduction of size and reactive blending, are potentially the most straightforward, providing a level of technology that allows for easy adoption and adaptability. Novel methods, including the concept of self-immolative and triggering the scission of polymer chains in specific conditions, are increasingly sought. In terms of biotic methods, dispersion/encapsulation of enzymes during the processing step, biostimulation of the environment, and bioaugmentation with specific microbial strains during the biodegradation process are promising to accelerate biodegradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anibal Bher
- School of Packaging, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Yujung Cho
- School of Packaging, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Rafael Auras
- School of Packaging, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
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12
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Iacovone C, Yulita F, Cerini D, Peña D, Candal R, Goyanes S, Pietrasanta LI, Guz L, Famá L. Effect of TiO 2 Nanoparticles and Extrusion Process on the Physicochemical Properties of Biodegradable and Active Cassava Starch Nanocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15030535. [PMID: 36771837 PMCID: PMC9918894 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Biodegradable polymers have been strongly recognized as an alternative to replace traditional petrochemical plastics, which have become a global problem due to their long persistence in the environment. In this work, the effect of the addition of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NP) on the morphology, physicochemical properties and biodegradation under industrial composting conditions of cassava starch-based nanocomposites obtained by extrusion at different screw speeds (80 and 120 rpm) were investigated. Films performed at 120 rpm (S120 and S120-TiO2NP) showed completely processed starch and homogeneously distributed nanoparticles, leading to much more flexible nanocomposites than those obtained at 80 rpm. The incorporation of TiO2NP led to an increase in storage modulus of all films and, in the case of S120-TiO2NP, to higher strain at break values. From the Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts theoretical model (KWW), an increase in the relaxation time of the nanocomposites was observed due to a decrease in the number of polymer chains involved in the relaxation process. Additionally, S120-TiO2NP showed effective protection against UV light, greater hydrophobicity and faster biodegradation in compost, resulting in a promising material for food packaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Iacovone
- Laboratorio de Polímeros y Materiales Compuestos (LPMC), Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Federico Yulita
- Laboratorio de Polímeros y Materiales Compuestos (LPMC), Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Daniel Cerini
- Laboratorio de Polímeros y Materiales Compuestos (LPMC), Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Daniel Peña
- Laboratorio de Polímeros y Materiales Compuestos (LPMC), Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Roberto Candal
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental, Escuela de Hábitat y Sostenibilidad, Campus Miguelete, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, San Martín 1650, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia Goyanes
- Laboratorio de Polímeros y Materiales Compuestos (LPMC), Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
- Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires (IFIBA-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Lía I. Pietrasanta
- Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires (IFIBA-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
- Centro de Microscopías Avanzadas y Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Lucas Guz
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental, Escuela de Hábitat y Sostenibilidad, Campus Miguelete, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, San Martín 1650, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucía Famá
- Laboratorio de Polímeros y Materiales Compuestos (LPMC), Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
- Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires (IFIBA-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +54-11-5285-7511 (ext. 57511)
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Mistry AN, Kachenchart B, Pinyakong O, Assavalapsakul W, Jitpraphai SM, Somwangthanaroj A, Luepromchai E. Bioaugmentation with a defined bacterial consortium: A key to degrade high molecular weight polylactic acid during traditional composting. Bioresour Technol 2023; 367:128237. [PMID: 36332866 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Polylactic acid (PLA) is commercialized as a compostable bio-thermoplastic. PLA degrades under industrial composting conditions where elevated temperatures are maintained for a long timeframe. However, these conditions cannot be achieved in a non-industrial compost pile. Therefore, this study aims to degrade high molecular weight PLA films by adding a PLA-degrading bacterial consortium (EAc) comprised of Nocardioides zeae EA12, Stenotrophomonas pavanii EA33, Gordonia desulfuricans EA63, and Chitinophaga jiangningensis EA02 during traditional composting. With EAc-bioaugmentation, PLA films (5-30% w/w) had complete disintegration (35 d), 77-82% molecular weight reduction (16 d), and higher CO2 liberation and mineralization than non-bioaugmented composting. Bacterial community analyses showed that EAc-bioaugmentation increased the relative abundance of Schlegelella, a known polymer degrader, and interacted positively with beneficial indigenous microbes like Bacillus, Schlegelella and Thermopolyspora. The bioaugmentation also decreased compost phytotoxicity. Hence, consortium EAc shows potential in PLA-waste treatment applications, such as backyard and small-scale composting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avnish Nitin Mistry
- International Program in Hazardous Substance and Environmental Management (IP-HSM), Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management (HSM), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Boonlue Kachenchart
- Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Onruthai Pinyakong
- Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management (HSM), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Microbial Technology for Marine Pollution Treatment (MiTMaPT), Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wanchai Assavalapsakul
- Center of Excellence in Microbial Technology for Marine Pollution Treatment (MiTMaPT), Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Somrudee Meprasert Jitpraphai
- Center of Excellence in Microbial Technology for Marine Pollution Treatment (MiTMaPT), Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Anongnat Somwangthanaroj
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ekawan Luepromchai
- Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management (HSM), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Microbial Technology for Marine Pollution Treatment (MiTMaPT), Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Šerá J, Huynh F, Ly F, Vinter Š, Kadlečková M, Krátká V, Máčalová D, Koutný M, Wallis C. Biodegradable Polyesters and Low Molecular Weight Polyethylene in Soil: Interrelations of Material Properties, Soil Organic Matter Substances, and Microbial Community. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23. [PMID: 36555615 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional and also biodegradable polymer microplastics have started to be broadly present in the environment, if they end up in soil, they may influence both abiotic and biotic soil properties. In this study, the interactions of polyethylene wax together with three biodegradable polyesters PLA, PHB and PBAT with a soil matrix were investigated over a 1-year incubation period. Soil organic matter content was measured using UV-VIS, the microbial biomass amount was measured using qPCR, the mineralisation of polymers was measured using UGA 3000, the surface of polymers was observed with SEM, live/dead microorganisms were determined by fluorescent microscopy and microbial consortia diversity was analyzed using NGS. The amount of humic substances was generally higher in incubations with slowly degrading polyesters, but the effect was temporary. The microbial biomass grew during the incubations; the addition of PHB enhanced fungal biomass whereas PE wax enhanced bacterial biomass. Fungal microbial consortia diversity was altered in incubations with PHB and PBAT. Interestingly, these two polyesters were also covered in biofilm, probably fungal. No such trend was observed in a metagenomic analysis of bacteria, although, bacterial biofilm was probably formed on the PE520 surface. Different methods confirmed the effect of certain polymers on the soil environment.
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15
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Yu C, Lu Q, Fu C, Jiang Z, Huang J, Jiang F, Wei Z. Exploring the internal driving mechanism underlying bacterial community-induced organic component conversion and humus formation during rice straw composting with tricarboxylic acid cycle regulator addition. Bioresour Technol 2022; 365:128149. [PMID: 36265785 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle regulators on CO2 emissions, the conversion of organic components and humus formation during composting. The addition of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) reduced CO2 emissions during rice straw composting. According to co-occurrence networks results, ATP enhanced the connectivity and complexity of the network; NADH enhanced microbial interactions. The different kind of TCA cycle regulators had different effect on humus formation pathway. The structural equation model showed that ATP might promote lignin transformation into humus via the sugar-amine condensation pathway and lignin-protein pathway while NADH may promote cellulose degradation into soluble sugar and organic matter, which are transformed into humus. This work will provide valuable guidance for exploring the mechanism of TCA cycle regulators in promoting organic carbon fixation and reducing inorganic carbon mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjing Yu
- College of Life Sciences and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Qian Lu
- College of Life Sciences and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Chang Fu
- College of Life Sciences and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Ziwei Jiang
- College of Life Sciences and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Jiayue Huang
- College of Life Sciences and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Fangzhi Jiang
- College of Life Sciences and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Zimin Wei
- College of Life Sciences and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China; College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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16
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Bher A, Mayekar PC, Auras RA, Schvezov CE. Biodegradation of Biodegradable Polymers in Mesophilic Aerobic Environments. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12165. [PMID: 36293023 PMCID: PMC9603655 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Finding alternatives to diminish plastic pollution has become one of the main challenges of modern life. A few alternatives have gained potential for a shift toward a more circular and sustainable relationship with plastics. Biodegradable polymers derived from bio- and fossil-based sources have emerged as one feasible alternative to overcome inconveniences associated with the use and disposal of non-biodegradable polymers. The biodegradation process depends on the environment's factors, microorganisms and associated enzymes, and the polymer properties, resulting in a plethora of parameters that create a complex process whereby biodegradation times and rates can vary immensely. This review aims to provide a background and a comprehensive, systematic, and critical overview of this complex process with a special focus on the mesophilic range. Activity toward depolymerization by extracellular enzymes, biofilm effect on the dynamic of the degradation process, CO2 evolution evaluating the extent of biodegradation, and metabolic pathways are discussed. Remarks and perspectives for potential future research are provided with a focus on the current knowledge gaps if the goal is to minimize the persistence of plastics across environments. Innovative approaches such as the addition of specific compounds to trigger depolymerization under particular conditions, biostimulation, bioaugmentation, and the addition of natural and/or modified enzymes are state-of-the-art methods that need faster development. Furthermore, methods must be connected to standards and techniques that fully track the biodegradation process. More transdisciplinary research within areas of polymer chemistry/processing and microbiology/biochemistry is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anibal Bher
- School of Packaging, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Instituto de Materiales de Misiones, CONICET-UNaM, Posadas 3300, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Pooja C. Mayekar
- School of Packaging, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Rafael A. Auras
- School of Packaging, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Carlos E. Schvezov
- Instituto de Materiales de Misiones, CONICET-UNaM, Posadas 3300, Misiones, Argentina
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Puszczykowska N, Rytlewski P, Macko M, Fiedurek K, Janczak K. Riboflavin as a Biodegradable Functional Additive for Thermoplastic Polymers. Environments 2022; 9:56. [DOI: 10.3390/environments9050056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
With continuous development of biodegradable polymers, new areas of applications are intensively researched. Modifications of these polymers are commonly conducted by an extrusion compounding process. While additives are changing desired properties, biodegradability of such composites can be deteriorated. The aim of the work is to investigate a novel, functional, organic additive, riboflavin (vitamin B-2), in terms of thermal stability, extrusion processability, wettability, surface energy, especially biodegradability, and when compounded with PLA. Additionally, a comparison of unmodified PLA resin, as well as PLA-modified with inorganic talc—which is known for its nucleation promotion in a variety of polymers—to PLA with riboflavin, was presented. Research reveals the outstanding thermal stability of riboflavin and the sufficient extrusion process properties with no significant changes of wettability and, surprisingly, a significant degradation rate as compared to pure PLA or and PLA with talc. The obtained results do not exclude further modifications of PLA depending on the target application, e.g., antimicrobial agents, flame retardants, etc.
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Bulatović VO, Grgić DK, Mandić V, Miloloža M, Dybal J, Gajdosova V, Slouf M. Biodegradation of LDPE_TPS blends under controlled composting conditions. Polym Bull (Berl). [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-03982-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Basak N, Meena SS. Microbial biodegradation of plastics: Challenges, opportunities, and a critical perspective. Front Environ Sci Eng 2022; 16:161. [PMID: 35874797 PMCID: PMC9295099 DOI: 10.1007/s11783-022-1596-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The abundance of synthetic polymers has increased due to their uncontrolled utilization and disposal in the environment. The recalcitrant nature of plastics leads to accumulation and saturation in the environment, which is a matter of great concern. An exponential rise has been reported in plastic pollution during the corona pandemic because of PPE kits, gloves, and face masks made up of single-use plastics. The physicochemical methods have been employed to degrade synthetic polymers, but these methods have limited efficiency and cause the release of hazardous metabolites or by-products in the environment. Microbial species, isolated from landfills and dumpsites, have utilized plastics as the sole source of carbon, energy, and biomass production. The involvement of microbial strains in plastic degradation is evident as a substantial amount of mineralization has been observed. However, the complete removal of plastic could not be achieved, but it is still effective compared to the preexisting traditional methods. Therefore, microbial species and the enzymes involved in plastic waste degradation could be utilized as eco-friendly alternatives. Thus, microbial biodegradation approaches have a profound scope to cope with the plastic waste problem in a cost-effective and environmental-friendly manner. Further, microbial degradation can be optimized and combined with physicochemical methods to achieve substantial results. This review summarizes the different microbial species, their genes, biochemical pathways, and enzymes involved in plastic biodegradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitai Basak
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Jalandhar, Punjab, 144027 India
| | - Sumer Singh Meena
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Jalandhar, Punjab, 144027 India
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20
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Abstract
Abstract
The serious issue of textile waste accumulation has raised attention on biodegradability as a possible route to support sustainable consumption of textile fibers. However, synthetic textile fibers that dominate the market, especially poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), resist biological degradation, creating environmental and waste management challenges. Because pure natural fibers, like cotton, both perform well for consumer textiles and generally meet certain standardized biodegradability criteria, inspiration from the mechanisms involved in natural biodegradability are leading to new discoveries and developments in biologically accelerated textile waste remediation for both natural and synthetic fibers. The objective of this review is to present a multidisciplinary perspective on the essential bio-chemo-physical requirements for textile materials to undergo biodegradation, taking into consideration the impact of environmental or waste management process conditions on biodegradability outcomes. Strategies and recent progress in enhancing synthetic textile fiber biodegradability are reviewed, with emphasis on performance and biodegradability behavior of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) as an alternative biobased, biodegradable apparel textile fiber, and on biological strategies for addressing PET waste, including industrial enzymatic hydrolysis to generate recyclable monomers. Notably, while pure PET fibers do not biodegrade within the timeline of any standardized conditions, recent developments with process intensification and engineered enzymes show that higher enzymatic recycling efficiency for PET polymer has been achieved compared to cellulosic materials. Furthermore, combined with alternative waste management practices, such as composting, anaerobic digestion and biocatalyzed industrial reprocessing, the development of synthetic/natural fiber blends and other strategies are creating opportunities for new biodegradable and recyclable textile fibers.
Article Highlights
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) leads other synthetic textile fibers in meeting both performance and biodegradation criteria.
Recent research with poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) polymer shows potential for efficient enzyme catalyzed industrial recycling.
Synthetic/natural fiber blends and other strategies could open opportunities for new biodegradable and recyclable textile fibers.
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21
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Kumari A, Bano N, Bag SK, Chaudhary DR, Jha B. Transcriptome-Guided Insights Into Plastic Degradation by the Marine Bacterium. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:751571. [PMID: 34646260 PMCID: PMC8503683 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.751571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a common single-use plastic that accumulated in the environment because of its non-degradable characteristics. In recent years, microbes from different environments were found to degrade plastics and suggested their capability to degrade plastics under varying environmental conditions. However, complete degradation of plastics is still a void for large-scale implications using microbes because of the lack of knowledge about genes and pathways intricate in the biodegradation process. In the present study, the growth and adherence of marine Bacillus species AIIW2 on PET surface instigating structural deterioration were confirmed through weight loss and hydrophobicity reduction, as well as analyzing the change in bond indexes. The genome-wide comparative transcriptomic analysis of strain AIIW2 was completed to reveal the genes during PET utilization. The expression level of mRNA in the strain AIIW2 was indexed based on the log-fold change between the presence and absence of PET in the culture medium. The genes represent carbon metabolism, and the cell transport system was up-regulated in cells growing with PET, whereas sporulation genes expressed highly in the absence of PET. This indicates that the strain AIIW2 hydrolyzes PET and assimilated via cellular carbon metabolism. A protein-protein interaction network was built to obtain the interaction between genes during PET utilization. The genes traced to degrade PET were confirmed by detecting the hydrolytic product of PET, and genes were cloned to improve PET utilization by microbial system as an eco-friendly solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alka Kumari
- Plant Omics Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemical Research Institute, Bhavnagar, India
| | - Nasreen Bano
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR, Ghaziabad, India.,Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Sumit Kumar Bag
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR, Ghaziabad, India.,Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Doongar R Chaudhary
- Plant Omics Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemical Research Institute, Bhavnagar, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Bhavanath Jha
- Plant Omics Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemical Research Institute, Bhavnagar, India
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22
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Tai NL, Ghasemlou M, Adhikari R, Adhikari B. Starch-based isocyanate- and non-isocyanate polyurethane hybrids: A review on synthesis, performance and biodegradation. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 265:118029. [PMID: 33966823 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The challenges related to the persistence of plastics in natural ecosystems fostered strong interest in developing biodegradable bioplastics. Among natural biopolymers, starch gained both academic and industrial interest owing to its impressive physicochemical properties. The use of starch in production of polyurethane (PU) composites not only yields PUs with outstanding mechanical properties but also makes the final PU products biodegradable. The hydrophilic nature of starch limits its dispersion in hydrophobic PU polymers, although it is a significant benefit in creating starch-embedded non-isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) composites. We present a comprehensive overview to highlight important strategies that are used to improve the compatibility of starch with various PU matrices. This review also gives an overview of the recent advances in the synthesis of starch-NIPU hybrids. Moreover, we aim to deliver critical insight into strategies that boost the biodegradation characteristics of PUs along with a discussion on various methods to assess their biodegradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyok Ling Tai
- School of Science, College of Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics (STEM), RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Mehran Ghasemlou
- School of Science, College of Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics (STEM), RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
| | - Raju Adhikari
- School of Science, College of Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics (STEM), RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Benu Adhikari
- School of Science, College of Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics (STEM), RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
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23
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Briassoulis D, Pikasi A, Hiskakis M. Organic recycling of post-consumer /industrial bio-based plastics through industrial aerobic composting and anaerobic digestion - Techno-economic sustainability criteria and indicators. Polym Degrad Stab 2021; 190:109642. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Wang L, Zhao Y, Liu H, Song C, Wei Z, Chen X, Kang K, Yang H. The action difference of metabolic regulators on carbon conversion during different agricultural organic wastes composting. Bioresour Technol 2021; 329:124902. [PMID: 33657500 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to explore the action characteristics of metabolic regulators like adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP) and malonic acid (MA) during rice straw (RS) and fruit and vegetable waste (FVW) composting. Results showed that due to the easy degradation difference, ATP and MA reduced CO2 emission in RS and FVW, respectively. Moreover, adding ATP and MA increased humic acids (HA) content in FVW more significantly (p < 0.05), especially for ATP. However, adding MA accelerated organic matter degradation during RS composting, which was basically consistent with CO2 emission, but it was not effective in promoting HA formation. Furthermore, the microbial community was reshaped by adding ATP and MA. Eventually, structural equation model further confirmed that adding metabolic regulators enhanced the biotic and abiotic pathways of HA formation, and the promotion effect of adding ATP was more obvious. The study has great practical significance for the dispose of agricultural waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqin Wang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Hailong Liu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Caihong Song
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; College of Life Science, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Zimin Wei
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Xiaomeng Chen
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Kejia Kang
- Heilongjiang Province Environmental Science Research Institute, Harbin 150056, China
| | - Hongyan Yang
- Heilongjiang Province Environmental Science Research Institute, Harbin 150056, China
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Di Mauro E, Rho D, Santato C. Biodegradation of bio-sourced and synthetic organic electronic materials towards green organic electronics. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3167. [PMID: 34039966 PMCID: PMC8154894 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23227-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitous use of electronic devices has led to an unprecedented increase in related waste as well as the worldwide depletion of reserves of key chemical elements required in their manufacturing. The use of biodegradable and abundant organic (carbon-based) electronic materials can contribute to alleviate the environmental impact of the electronic industry. The pigment eumelanin is a bio-sourced candidate for environmentally benign (green) organic electronics. The biodegradation of eumelanin extracted from cuttlefish ink is studied both at 25 °C (mesophilic conditions) and 58 °C (thermophilic conditions) following ASTM D5338 and comparatively evaluated with the biodegradation of two synthetic organic electronic materials, namely copper (II) phthalocyanine (Cu-Pc) and polyphenylene sulfide (PPS). Eumelanin biodegradation reaches 4.1% (25 °C) in 97 days and 37% (58 °C) in 98 days, and residual material is found to be without phytotoxic effects. The two synthetic materials, Cu-Pc and PPS, do not biodegrade; Cu-Pc brings about the inhibition of microbial respiration in the compost. PPS appears to be potentially phytotoxic. Finally, some considerations regarding the biodegradation test as well as the disambiguation of "biodegradability" and "bioresorbability" are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Di Mauro
- Département de Génie Physique, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Denis Rho
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, QC, Canada.
| | - Clara Santato
- Département de Génie Physique, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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Torena P, Alvarez‐Cuenca M, Reza M. Biodegradation of polyethylene terephthalate microplastics by bacterial communities from activated sludge. CAN J CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.24015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Torena
- Department of Chemical Engineering Ryerson University Toronto Ontario Canada
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Al-salem SM, Kishk MW, Karam HJ, Al-qassimi MM, Al-wadi MH, Al-shemmari AJ. Inducing polymer waste biodegradation using oxo-prodegradant and thermoplastic starch based additives. J Polym Res 2021; 28. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02457-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Mbarki K, Fersi M, Louati I, Elleuch B, Sayari A. Biodegradation study of PDLA/cellulose microfibres biocomposites by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Environ Technol 2021; 42:731-742. [PMID: 31304884 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2019.1643926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic biodegradation of biocomposites has been studied in both solid and liquid media. The research was concentrated on the biodegradation under aerobic and mesophilic conditions using poly-d-lactic acid (PDLA) and PDLA/cellulose microfibres (CMFs) samples as the sole carbon source. To determine the efficiency of the biodegradation, quantitative (mass variations, optical density (OD)) and qualitative (FTIR, NMR and SEM) analyses have been used to follow the polymer changes after degradation. The weight loss and OD of the biocomposites samples PDLA/CMFs were slower than that of pristine PDLA. The PDLA displayed the most important loss of weight (7.09%, 8.95%) compared to its initial weight and the lowest weight loss was detected in PDLA/CMF300 (1.04%, 2.19%) in solid and liquid mediums respectively. Also, the OD value of PDLA was increased from the seven days (0.381) to the last day (0.969). It appears that the major rate-determining factor affecting material degradation was its crystallinity without or with minimal assistance from abiotic factor because crystalline phases inhibit the diffusion of small water molecules. Otherwise, the Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated from Mediterranean soil has been found to be a novel candidate to biodegrade PDLA under mesophilic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadija Mbarki
- Laboratory of Environmental Engineering and EcoTechnology (LGEET), National School of Engineering of Sfax (ENIS), Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mariem Fersi
- Unité de Biotechnologie des Algues, National School of Engineers of Sfax, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ibtihel Louati
- Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering and Microbiology, National School of Engineers of Sfax, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Boubaker Elleuch
- Laboratory of Environmental Engineering and EcoTechnology (LGEET), National School of Engineering of Sfax (ENIS), Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Adel Sayari
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Enzymatic Engineering of Lipases, National School of Engineering of Sfax (ENIS), Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia
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de Vogel FA, Schlundt C, Stote RE, Ratto JA, Amaral-Zettler LA. Comparative Genomics of Marine Bacteria from a Historically Defined Plastic Biodegradation Consortium with the Capacity to Biodegrade Polyhydroxyalkanoates. Microorganisms 2021; 9:186. [PMID: 33467086 PMCID: PMC7830162 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9010186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Biodegradable and compostable plastics are getting more attention as the environmental impacts of fossil-fuel-based plastics are revealed. Microbes can consume these plastics and biodegrade them within weeks to months under the proper conditions. The biobased polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) polymer family is an attractive alternative due to its physicochemical properties and biodegradability in soil, aquatic, and composting environments. Standard test methods are available for biodegradation that employ either natural inocula or defined communities, the latter being preferred for standardization and comparability. The original marine biodegradation standard test method ASTM D6691 employed such a defined consortium for testing PHA biodegradation. However, the taxonomic composition and metabolic potential of this consortium have never been confirmed using DNA sequencing technologies. To this end, we revived available members of this consortium and determined their phylogenetic placement, genomic sequence content, and metabolic potential. The revived members belonged to the Bacillaceae, Rhodobacteraceae, and Vibrionaceae families. Using a comparative genomics approach, we found all the necessary enzymes for both PHA production and utilization in most of the members. In a clearing-zone assay, three isolates also showed extracellular depolymerase activity. However, we did not find classical PHA depolymerases, but identified two potentially new extracellular depolymerases that resemble triacylglycerol lipases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fons A. de Vogel
- Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, P.O. Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, The Netherlands;
- Faculty of Geosciences, Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.115, 3508 TC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cathleen Schlundt
- Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA;
| | - Robert E. Stote
- U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Soldier Center, 10 General Greene Avenue, Natick, MA 01760, USA; (R.E.S.); (J.A.R.)
| | - Jo Ann Ratto
- U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Soldier Center, 10 General Greene Avenue, Natick, MA 01760, USA; (R.E.S.); (J.A.R.)
| | - Linda A. Amaral-Zettler
- Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, P.O. Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, The Netherlands;
- Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA;
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94240, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Zhang S, Wei Z, Zhao M, Chen X, Wu J, Kang K, Wu Y. Influence of malonic acid and manganese dioxide on humic substance formation and inhibition of CO 2 release during composting. Bioresour Technol 2020; 318:124075. [PMID: 32920337 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of thisstudy was to explore the effects of malonic acid (MA), manganese dioxide (MnO2), malonic acid combined with manganese dioxide (MA + MnO2) additionon reducing CO2 emission and promoting humic substance (HS) formation during composting. The result showed that the addition of MA and MnO2 were an efficient way to reduce CO2 emission. Meanwhile, the CO2 emissions in the MA + MnO2 treatment was 36.8% less than that of the CK, and the amount of humic acid (HA) produced in the MnO2 treatment was 38.7% higher than that of the CK. Structural equation models demonstrated that the addition of exogenoussubstance promoted the conversion of amino acids and reducing sugars to HA. The addition of exogenous substances was the main reason for influencing the concentration of HA. In general, this research provided theoretical supports for the addition of exogenous substances to promote HA formation during composting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zimin Wei
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Meiyang Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xiaomeng Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Junqiu Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Kejia Kang
- Heilongjiang Province Environmental Science Research Institute, Harbin 150056, China
| | - Yunying Wu
- Heilongjiang Province Environmental Science Research Institute, Harbin 150056, China
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Camacho-Muñoz R, Villada-Castillo HS, Solanilla-Duque JF. Anaerobic biodegradation under slurry thermophilic conditions of poly(lactic acid)/starch blend compatibilized by maleic anhydride. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 163:1859-1865. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Miranda G, Pires J, Souza G, Fraga F, Azevedo C, Lourega R, Lima J, Ligabue R. Abiotic and biotic degradations of a LDPE blend in soil of South Brazil landfill. Iran Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-020-00866-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Zaaba NF, Jaafar M. A review on degradation mechanisms of polylactic acid: Hydrolytic, photodegradative, microbial, and enzymatic degradation. POLYM ENG SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nor Fasihah Zaaba
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources EngineeringEngineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia Nibong Tebal Pulau Pinang 14300 Malaysia
| | - Mariatti Jaafar
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources EngineeringEngineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia Nibong Tebal Pulau Pinang 14300 Malaysia
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Lu MY, Shi XS, Li X, Lian SJ, Xu DY, Guo RB. Addition of oyster shell to enhance organic matter degradation and nitrogen conservation during anaerobic digestate composting. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:33732-33742. [PMID: 32535820 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09460-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digested residue (DR) is the main by-product from biogas plants, and it is predominantly used as organic fertilizer after composting. To resolve the problems of long duration and nitrogen loss in conventional composting, bulking agents are always added during the composting process. In this study, oyster shell (OS) was used as a bulking agent for DR composting. Four treatments were conducted by mixing DR and OS at different concentrations (0%, 10%, 20% and 30%, based on wet weight) and then composting the mixtures for 40 days. The results showed that the organic matter (OM) degradation efficiency was enhanced by 5.62%, 12.15% and 16.98% with increasing amounts of OS addition. The increased content of microbial biomass carbon in the compost indicated a suitable living environment for aerobic microbes with added OS, which could explain the increased OM degradation efficiency. Compared with the control, the NH3 emissions in the treatments with 10%, 20% and 30% OS were decreased by 13.81%, 33.33% and 53.76%, respectively. The increase in total nitrogen content in the compost is probably due to the absorption of NH3 by OS. Results indicated that OS is a suitable bulking agent for DR composting and that the addition of 20-30% OS can significantly enhance composting performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yi Lu
- Shandong Industrial Engineering Laboratory of Biogas Production & Utilization, Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Shuang Shi
- Shandong Industrial Engineering Laboratory of Biogas Production & Utilization, Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Li
- Shandong Industrial Engineering Laboratory of Biogas Production & Utilization, Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Juan Lian
- Shandong Industrial Engineering Laboratory of Biogas Production & Utilization, Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Yan Xu
- Faculty of Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong-Bo Guo
- Shandong Industrial Engineering Laboratory of Biogas Production & Utilization, Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China.
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Pană AM, Ordodi V, Rusu G, Gherman V, Bandur G, Rusnac LM, Dumitrel GA. Biodegradation Pattern of Glycopolymer Based on D-Mannose Oligomer and Hydroxypropyl Acrylate. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E704. [PMID: 32235772 DOI: 10.3390/polym12030704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycopolymers are polymers with sugar moieties which display biodegradable and/or biocompatible character. They have emerged as an environmentally-friendly solution to classical synthetic polymers and have attracted significant research interest in the past years. Herein, we present the synthesis of a D-mannose based glycopolymer with biodegradable features. The glycopolymer was synthesized by radical copolymerization between a D-mannose oligomer bearing polymerizable double bonds and 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate, in a weight ratio of 1:2. The copolymerization kinetics was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and the activation energy of the process was comparatively assessed by Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa methods. The obtained glycopolymer displayed good thermal behavior, fact proven by thermogravimetrical (TG) analysis and it was submitted to biodegradation inside a bioreactor fed with water from the Bega River as the source of microbial inoculum. The glycopolymer sample degraded by approximately 60% in just 23 days. The biodegradation pattern of the glycopolymer was successfully fitted against a modified sigmoidal exponential function. The kinetic model coefficients and its accuracy were calculated using Matlab and the correlation coefficient is more than promising. The changes inside glycopolymer structure after biodegradation were studied using TG and FTIR analyses, which revealed that the sugar moiety is firstly attacked by the microbial consortia as nutrient source for proliferation.
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36
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Tampau A, González-Martínez C, Chiralt A. Biodegradability and disintegration of multilayer starch films with electrospun PCL fibres encapsulating carvacrol. Polym Degrad Stab 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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37
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Rose RS, Richardson KH, Latvanen EJ, Hanson CA, Resmini M, Sanders IA. Microbial Degradation of Plastic in Aqueous Solutions Demonstrated by CO 2 Evolution and Quantification. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041176. [PMID: 32053975 PMCID: PMC7072786 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The environmental accumulation of plastics worldwide is a consequence of the durability of the material. Alternative polymers, marketed as biodegradable, present a potential solution to mitigate their ecological damage. However, understanding of biodegradability has been hindered by a lack of reproducible testing methods. We developed a novel method to evaluate the biodegradability of plastic samples based on the monitoring of bacterial respiration in aqueous media via the quantification of CO2 produced, where the only carbon source available is from the polymer. Rhodococcus rhodochrous and Alcanivorax borkumensis were used as model organisms for soil and marine systems, respectively. Our results demonstrate that this approach is reproducible and can be used with a variety of plastics, allowing comparison of the relative biodegradability of the different materials. In the case of low-density polyethylene, the study demonstrated a clear correlation between the molecular weight of the sample and CO2 released, taken as a measure of biodegradability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth-Sarah Rose
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK; (K.H.R.); (E.J.L.); (C.A.H.); (M.R.); (I.A.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Katherine H. Richardson
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK; (K.H.R.); (E.J.L.); (C.A.H.); (M.R.); (I.A.S.)
| | - Elmeri Johannes Latvanen
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK; (K.H.R.); (E.J.L.); (C.A.H.); (M.R.); (I.A.S.)
| | - China A. Hanson
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK; (K.H.R.); (E.J.L.); (C.A.H.); (M.R.); (I.A.S.)
- Microbiology@UCL, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Marina Resmini
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK; (K.H.R.); (E.J.L.); (C.A.H.); (M.R.); (I.A.S.)
| | - Ian A. Sanders
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK; (K.H.R.); (E.J.L.); (C.A.H.); (M.R.); (I.A.S.)
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38
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Mayekar PC, Castro-Aguirre E, Auras R, Selke S, Narayan R. Effect of Nano-Clay and Surfactant on the Biodegradation of Poly(Lactic Acid) Films. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E311. [PMID: 32028695 DOI: 10.3390/polym12020311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the effect of nanoclays and surfactant on the hydrolytic degradation and biodegradation of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and PLA nanocomposites. Organomodified montmorillonite (OMMT), unmodified montmorillonite (MMT) and an organomodifier (surfactant) for MMT (QAC) were extruded with PLA to produce PLA nanocomposites. The films were produced with the same initial molecular weight, thickness and crystallinity since these properties have a significant effect on the biodegradation process. The biodegradation experiments were carried out in an in-house built direct measurement respirometric system and were evaluated in inoculated vermiculite and vermiculite media for extended periods of time. Hydrolysis experiments were also conducted separately to decouple the abiotic/hydrolysis phase. The results showed no significant variation in the mineralization of PLA nanocomposites as compared to pristine PLA. The addition of nanoclays did not enhance the biodegradability of PLA when the initial parameters were strictly controlled. The hydrolysis test indicated that the nanoclays and surfactant did not aid in the degradation of PLA.
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Wang L, Zhao Y, Ge J, Zhu L, Wei Z, Wu J, Zhang Z, Pan C. Effect of tricarboxylic acid cycle regulators on the formation of humic substance during composting: The performance in labile and refractory materials. Bioresour Technol 2019; 292:121949. [PMID: 31398545 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aims of this study are to reveal the roles of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle regulators in reducing CO2 emission and promoting humic substance (HS) formation during composting with different materials. The results showed that the addition of adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP) or malonic acid (MA) reduced CO2 emission during chicken manure composting. However, only the addition of MA reduced CO2 emission during lawn waste and garden waste composting. In addition, both of the two inhibitors promoted HS formation, especially for ATP. Structural equation models further confirmed that ATP and MA reduced CO2 emission by inhibiting the decomposition of amino acid by microorganisms. Meanwhile, ATP promoted the conversion of amino acid and soluble sugars to HS, while MA only promoted the conversion of soluble sugars to HS. In summary, this study provides a theoretical basis for the application of inhibitors to reduce CO2 emission and promote HS formation during composting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqin Wang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jingping Ge
- College of Life Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Longji Zhu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zimin Wei
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Junqiu Wu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zhechao Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Chaonan Pan
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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Ruggero F, Gori R, Lubello C. Methodologies to assess biodegradation of bioplastics during aerobic composting and anaerobic digestion: A review. Waste Manag Res 2019; 37:959-975. [PMID: 31218932 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x19854127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Bioplastics are emerging on the market as sustainable materials which rise to the challenge to improve the lifecycle of plastics from the perspective of the circular economy. The article aims at providing a critical insight of research studies carried out in the last 20 years on the degradation of bioplastics under aerobic composting and anaerobic digestion conditions. It mainly focuses on the various and different methodologies which have been proposed and developed to monitor the process of biodegradation of several bioplastic materials: CO2 and CH4 measurements, mass loss and disintegration degree, spectroscopy, visual analysis and scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, across the wide range of studies, the process conditions of the experimental setup, such as temperature, test duration and waste composition, often vary from author to author and in accordance with the international standard followed for the test. The different approaches, in terms of process conditions and monitoring methodologies, are pointed out in the review and highlighted to find significant correlations between the results obtained and the experimental procedures. These observed correlations allow critical considerations to be reached about the efficiency of the methodologies and the influence of the main abiotic factors on the process of biodegradation of bioplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Ruggero
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Firenze, Italy
| | - Riccardo Gori
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Firenze, Italy
| | - Claudio Lubello
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Firenze, Italy
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41
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Moraczewski K, Malinowski R, Sikorska W, Karasiewicz T, Stepczyńska M, Jagodziński B, Rytlewski P. Composting of Polylactide Containing Natural Anti-Aging Compounds of Plant Origin. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11101582. [PMID: 31569774 PMCID: PMC6835566 DOI: 10.3390/polym11101582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The paper presents the effects of biodegradation of polylactide containing natural anti-aging compounds. Polymer containing 0.5; 5 and 10 wt % of coffee, cocoa or cinnamon extracts were subjected to industrial composting for 7, 14, 21 or 28 days. The effect of the composting process on polylactide properties was examined based on visual assessment, scanning electron microscopy, average molecular weight, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry, and tensile strength. The impact of the tested extracts on the effects of the composting process was compared with the impact of a commercially available anti-aging compound. It was found that the tested extracts in most cases did not adversely affect the effects of the composting process compared to pure polylactide, often resulting in intensification of biodegradation processes. As a result of the composting process, changes in the macro- and microscopic appearance of the samples and a decrease in molecular weight, phase transition temperatures, thermal resistance, and thermal strength were observed on a scale close to or greater than the reference anti-aging compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Moraczewski
- Institute of Materials Engineering, Kazimierz Wielki University, Chodkiewicza 30, 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Rafał Malinowski
- The Łukasiewicz Research Network-Institute for Engineering of Polymer Materials and Dyes, Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie 55, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
| | - Wanda Sikorska
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Karasiewicz
- Institute of Materials Engineering, Kazimierz Wielki University, Chodkiewicza 30, 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Stepczyńska
- Institute of Materials Engineering, Kazimierz Wielki University, Chodkiewicza 30, 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Bartłomiej Jagodziński
- Institute of Materials Engineering, Kazimierz Wielki University, Chodkiewicza 30, 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Piotr Rytlewski
- Institute of Materials Engineering, Kazimierz Wielki University, Chodkiewicza 30, 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
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42
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Pană AM, Gherman V, Sfȋrloagă P, Rusu G, Bandur G, Popa M, Rusnac LM, Dumitrel GA. Biodegradation studies on new glycopolymers derived from oligomeric d-mannose itaconates and 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate. Polym Degrad Stab 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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43
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Bher A, Unalan IU, Auras R, Rubino M, Schvezov CE. Graphene modifies the biodegradation of poly(lactic acid)-thermoplastic cassava starch reactive blend films. Polym Degrad Stab 2019; 164:187-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Rydz J, Sikorska W, Musioł M, Janeczek H, Włodarczyk J, Misiurska-Marczak M, Łęczycka J, Kowalczuk M. 3D-Printed Polyester-Based Prototypes for Cosmetic Applications-Future Directions at the Forensic Engineering of Advanced Polymeric Materials. Materials (Basel) 2019; 12:E994. [PMID: 30917574 PMCID: PMC6470545 DOI: 10.3390/ma12060994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge of degradation and impairment phenomena of (bio)degradable polymeric materials under operating conditions, and thus the selection of test procedures and prediction of their behavior designates the scope and capabilities as well as possible limitations of both: the preparation of the final product and its durability. The main novelty and objective of this research was to determine the degradation pathways during testing of polylactide and polylactide/polyhydroxyalkanoate materials made with three-dimensional printing and the development of a new strategy for the comprehensive characterization of such complex systems including behavior during waste disposal. Prototype objects were subjected to tests for damage evolution performed under simulating operating conditions. The reference samples and the tested items were characterized by gel permeation chromatography and differential scanning calorimetry to determine changes in material properties. The studies showed that: polyhydroxyalkanoate component during accelerated aging and degradation in environments rich in microorganisms accelerated the degradation of the material; paraffin accelerates polylactide degradation and slows degradation of polyhydroxyalkanoate-based material; under the influence of an environment rich in enzymes, paraffin contamination accelerates biodegradation; under the influence of natural conditions, paraffin contamination slowed degradation; the processing conditions, in particular the printing orientation of individual parts of the container, influenced the material properties in its various regions, affecting the rate of degradation of individual parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Rydz
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34, M. Curie-Skłodowska St., 41-800 Zabrze, Poland.
| | - Wanda Sikorska
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34, M. Curie-Skłodowska St., 41-800 Zabrze, Poland.
| | - Marta Musioł
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34, M. Curie-Skłodowska St., 41-800 Zabrze, Poland.
| | - Henryk Janeczek
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34, M. Curie-Skłodowska St., 41-800 Zabrze, Poland.
| | - Jakub Włodarczyk
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34, M. Curie-Skłodowska St., 41-800 Zabrze, Poland.
| | - Marlena Misiurska-Marczak
- Laboratorium Kosmetyczne Dr Irena Eris Sp. z o.o., R&D Department, 12 Armii Krajowej St., 05-500 Piaseczno, Poland.
| | - Justyna Łęczycka
- Laboratorium Kosmetyczne Dr Irena Eris Sp. z o.o., R&D Department, 12 Armii Krajowej St., 05-500 Piaseczno, Poland.
| | - Marek Kowalczuk
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34, M. Curie-Skłodowska St., 41-800 Zabrze, Poland.
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wulfruna Street, Wolverhampton WV1 1SB, UK.
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Di Mauro E, Camaggi M, Vandooren N, Bayard C, De Angelis J, Pezzella A, Baloukas B, Silverwood R, Ajji A, Pellerin C, Santato C. Eumelanin for nature‐inspired UV‐absorption enhancement of plastics. POLYM INT 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Di Mauro
- Département de Génie PhysiquePolytechnique Montréal Montréal Canada
| | - Matteo Camaggi
- Département de Génie PhysiquePolytechnique Montréal Montréal Canada
- Department of Electrical Engineering (DEI)University of Bologna Bologna Italy
| | - Nils Vandooren
- Département de Génie PhysiquePolytechnique Montréal Montréal Canada
| | - Caleb Bayard
- Département de Génie PhysiquePolytechnique Montréal Montréal Canada
| | - Jordan De Angelis
- Département de Génie PhysiquePolytechnique Montréal Montréal Canada
- Department of Electrical Engineering (DEI)University of Bologna Bologna Italy
| | - Alessandro Pezzella
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB)CNR Pozzuoli Italy
| | - Bill Baloukas
- Département de Génie PhysiquePolytechnique Montréal Montréal Canada
| | - Richard Silverwood
- CREPEC, Department of Chemical EngineeringPolytechnique Montréal Montreal Canada
| | - Abdellah Ajji
- CREPEC, Department of Chemical EngineeringPolytechnique Montréal Montreal Canada
| | | | - Clara Santato
- Département de Génie PhysiquePolytechnique Montréal Montréal Canada
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Nazareth M, Marques MRC, Leite MCA, Castro ÍB. Commercial plastics claiming biodegradable status: Is this also accurate for marine environments? J Hazard Mater 2019; 366:714-722. [PMID: 30583241 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Concerns about plastic pollution and global public policies have encouraged consumers to acquire environmentally friendly products. Thus, products made of biodegradable plastics have been preferred by the public, despite their costs. However, greenwashing practices, promising more environmental benefits than the products actually offer, has become frequent. Nevertheless, no studies assessing the occurrence of greenwashing in commercial plastic products sold in large world economies have been performed. The present study aimed to experimentally evaluate alterations in structure and chemical composition of selected plastic products marketed in Canada, USA and Brazil. The aging experiments carried out by seawater immersion for 180 days showed no evidence of degradation in 4 out of the 6 studied samples, despite product claims of biodegradability or 100% degradability status. This finding denotes unequivocal greenwashing practices, even including bags made of polyethylene, an ordinary non-biodegradable polymer. Thus, the inadequate adoption of green marketing is deceiving to consumers and may lead to improper disposal of these materials. These practices are highly counterproductive in view of the global public policies recently adopted to control plastic pollution. Therefore, considering the technologies currently available for identification of polymers, a strict control should be exercised over products that claim biodegradable status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monick Nazareth
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química do Instituto de Química, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524 Pavilhão Haroldo Lisboa da Cunha, 20559-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mônica R C Marques
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química do Instituto de Química, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524 Pavilhão Haroldo Lisboa da Cunha, 20559-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcia C A Leite
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química do Instituto de Química, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524 Pavilhão Haroldo Lisboa da Cunha, 20559-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ítalo Braga Castro
- Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (IMAR-UNIFESP), Rua Maria Máximo, 11030-100, Santos, SP, Brazil.
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Cheng Z, Sun Z, Zhu S, Lou Z, Zhu N, Feng L. The identification and health risk assessment of odor emissions from waste landfilling and composting. Sci Total Environ 2019; 649:1038-1044. [PMID: 30184519 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Odor nuisance is the main incentive for Not In My Back Yard campaigns around municipal solid waste (MSW) waste disposal facilities, and the odor identification is of significance for the understanding of the odor properties from MSW with different disposal methods. In this study, odor emissions from different stages at two large-scale working MSW disposal facilities, i.e., landfill (LF) and compost plant (CP), were distinguished with the same MSW feedstock in one city. It was found that CP suffered the heavier odor pollution and the characteristics of odorants changed significantly, especially the pile-turning workshop. Sulfides and aromatics were the main concentration contributors for LF, while that for CP were NH3 and oxygenated compounds. Significant correlations between odor concentration and halogenated compounds, sulfides (r2 = 0.945, 0.898, p<0.05, n = 12) were merely observed in CP. The priority odor pollutants of LF were H2S, benzene and NH3, while that of CP was NH3, ethyl acetate and benzene with a descending order. With regarding to their contributions for occupational exposure, the carcinogenic risk was negligible for these facilities, but H2S of LF might bring non-carcinogenic risk to on-site workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowen Cheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongtao Sun
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, People's Republic of China
| | - Shijie Zhu
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyang Lou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China; College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China.
| | - Nanwen Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Feng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
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Alassali A, Moon H, Picuno C, Meyer R, Kuchta K. Assessment of polyethylene degradation after aging through anaerobic digestion and composting. Polym Degrad Stab 2018; 158:14-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Suriyatem R, Auras RA, Rachtanapun C, Rachtanapun P. Biodegradable Rice Starch/Carboxymethyl Chitosan Films with Added Propolis Extract for Potential Use as Active Food Packaging. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10090954. [PMID: 30960879 PMCID: PMC6403806 DOI: 10.3390/polym10090954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Active films from rice starch/carboxymethyl chitosan (RS/CMCh) incorporated with propolis extract (ppl) were developed and characterized. The effect of the ppl content (0⁻10% w/w based on RS/CMCh) on the developed films' properties were determined by measuring the optical, mechanical, thermal, swelling, barrier, antimicrobial, and antioxidant attributes. The thermal stability and biodegradability of the films were also investigated. As the ppl content increased, free radical scavenging and a* and b* color values increased, whereas luminosity (L*) and swellability of the films decreased. The active films with 5⁻10% ppl possessed antimicrobial ability against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus). The active film with 10% ppl displayed increased flexibility and thermal stability, without a change in oxygen permeability. The results indicated that incorporation of ppl into RS/CMCh film could enhance the films' antioxidant and antimicrobial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rungsiri Suriyatem
- Division of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand.
| | - Rafael A Auras
- School of Packaging, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Chitsiri Rachtanapun
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
| | - Pornchai Rachtanapun
- Division of Packaging Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand.
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Castro-aguirre E, Auras R, Selke S, Rubino M, Marsh T. Enhancing the biodegradation rate of poly(lactic acid) films and PLA bio-nanocomposites in simulated composting through bioaugmentation. Polym Degrad Stab 2018; 154:46-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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