1
|
Belyamani I, Bourdon S, Brossard JM, Cauret L, Fontaine L, Montembault V, Maris J. A sustainable approach toward mechanical recycling unsortable post-consumer WEEE: Reactive and non-reactive compatibilization. Waste Manag 2024; 178:301-310. [PMID: 38422683 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
While near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy in post-consumer waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) recycling accurately separates white or clear polymers, 40% containing dark plastics, termed 'unsortable WEEE,' are excluded from sorting lines and therefore incinerated or landfilled, causing environmental concerns. This study investigates the potential of using non-reactive and reactive copolymers as compatibilizers to enhance the performance of unsortable WEEE plastics free of brominated flame retardants. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that such copolymers have been explored as a solution for improving the compatibility of unsortable WEEE polymer blends. Initial trials with 4% of styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene copolymer (SEBS-13) and SEBS-30-g-(maleic anhydride) copolymer (SEBS-30-g-MA MA) as compatibilizers showed insufficient results compared to virgin commercial polymers. However, the addition of higher concentrations of compatibilizers (i.e. up to 20 wt%) and the use of a SEBS having a higher styrene content (i.e. SEBS-30) improved the mechanical properties of the material, causing it to transition from brittle to ductile. This behavior was found more pronounced for the 20% non-reactive SEBS-30, for which the SEM analysis showed reduced phase segregation and revealed a more homogeneous fracture surface. This was further supported by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) analysis, which showed evidence of an interaction between one or more polymer phases. With a room temperature performance equivalent to that of virgin conventional polymers, the SEBS-30 compatibilization approach has made it possible to consider using unsortable WEEE streams as recycled materials in commercial applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Belyamani
- College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, P. O. Box 144534, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - S Bourdon
- Veolia Recherche et Innovation, Zone Portuaire de Limay, 291 Avenue Dreyfous-Ducas, 78520 Limay, France
| | - J-M Brossard
- Veolia Recherche et Innovation, Zone Portuaire de Limay, 291 Avenue Dreyfous-Ducas, 78520 Limay, France
| | - L Cauret
- Polyvia Formation, Pôle Universitaire de Montfoulon, BP 823, 61041 Alençon Cedex, France; Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM), UMR 6283 CNRS - Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9, France
| | - L Fontaine
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM), UMR 6283 CNRS - Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9, France
| | - V Montembault
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM), UMR 6283 CNRS - Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9, France.
| | - J Maris
- Veolia Recherche et Innovation, Zone Portuaire de Limay, 291 Avenue Dreyfous-Ducas, 78520 Limay, France; Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM), UMR 6283 CNRS - Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Białek M, Czaja K. Application of Silsesquioxanes in the Preparation of Polyolefin-Based Materials. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:1876. [PMID: 36902992 PMCID: PMC10004241 DOI: 10.3390/ma16051876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This paper is a review of studies on the use of the polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) of various structures in the synthesis of polyolefins and the modification of their properties, namely: (1) components of organometallic catalytic systems for the polymerization of olefins, (2) comonomers in the copolymerization with ethylene, and (3) fillers in composites based on polyolefins. In addition, studies on the use of new silicon compounds, i.e., siloxane-silsesquioxane resins, as fillers for composites based on polyolefins are presented. The authors dedicate this paper to Professor Bogdan Marciniec on the occasion of his jubilee.
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang X, Zhao S, Kuo S, Chen W, Mohamed MG, Xin Z. An effective nucleating agent for isotactic polypropylene (iPP): Zinc bis- (nadic anhydride) double-decker silsesquioxanes. POLYMER 2021; 220:123574. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
4
|
Groch P, Czaja K, Szeluga U, Rabiej S, Bączek M. The effect of macromolecular architecture of ethylene copolymers with multi-alkenylsilsesquioxane on morphological, rheological and dynamic mechanical behavior. POLYMER 2021; 212:123172. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.123172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
5
|
Brząkalski D, Przekop RE, Sztorch B, Jakubowska P, Jałbrzykowski M, Marciniec B. Silsesquioxane Derivatives as Functional Additives for Preparation of Polyethylene-Based Composites: A Case of Trisilanol Melt-Condensation. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2269. [PMID: 33023079 DOI: 10.3390/polym12102269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, polyethylene (PE) composites were prepared with a series of completely condensed silsesquioxanes (SSQ), as well as with open-cage hepta(isobutyl)trisilanol silsesquioxane. The effect of the additives on the thermal, mechanical, rheological, and crystalline properties of the composites obtained was determined. The dispersion of trisilanol derivative within polymer matrix was slightly better than that of the other isobutyl compounds, suggesting condensation of the additive to less polar products of different structure, which was confirmed by thermogravimetry (TG) and matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry analysis. The additives improved the thermal stability of polyethylene and formed composites of higher rigidity than the neat polyolefin. The results were compared to the literature data, with aminopropylhepta(isobutyl)silsesquioxane and vinylhepta(isobutyl)silsesquioxane being used partially as references, as PE composites thereof were reported earlier, but lacked some analytical results and required further investigation. It was proven that the practical upper loading limit for such silsesquioxane compounds as processing and functional additives for polyethylene should be fixed at around 1%.
Collapse
|
6
|
Gao KW, Jiang X, Hoffman ZJ, Sethi GK, Chakraborty S, Villaluenga I, Balsara NP. Optimizing the monomer structure of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane for ion transport in hybrid organic–inorganic block copolymers. Journal of Polymer Science 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20190073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin W. Gao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringUniversity of California Berkeley California 94720
- Materials Sciences DivisionLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR)Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720
| | - Xi Jiang
- Materials Sciences DivisionLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720
| | - Zach J. Hoffman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringUniversity of California Berkeley California 94720
- Materials Sciences DivisionLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR)Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720
| | - Gurmukh K. Sethi
- Materials Sciences DivisionLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of California Berkeley California 94720
| | - Saheli Chakraborty
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringUniversity of California Berkeley California 94720
- Materials Sciences DivisionLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720
| | - Irune Villaluenga
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringUniversity of California Berkeley California 94720
| | - Nitash P. Balsara
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringUniversity of California Berkeley California 94720
- Materials Sciences DivisionLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR)Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
Organic–inorganic polyethylene (PE) telechelics with polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane termini were synthesized via the combination of acyclic diene metathesis, ring-opening metathesis polymerization and hydrogenation reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingjie Zhao
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering and the State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- P. R. China
| | - Honggang Mei
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering and the State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- P. R. China
| | - Sixun Zheng
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering and the State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lee H, Stryutsky AV, Korolovych VF, Mikan E, Shevchenko VV, Tsukruk VV. Transformations of Thermosensitive Hyperbranched Poly(ionic liquid)s Monolayers. Langmuir 2019; 35:11809-11820. [PMID: 31418576 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b01905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We synthesized amphiphilic hyperbranched poly(ionic liquid)s (HBPILs) with asymmetrical peripheral composition consisting of hydrophobic n-octadecylurethane arms and hydrophilic, ionically linked poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) macrocations and studied low critical solution temperature (LCST)-induced reorganizations at the air-water interface. We observed that the morphology of HBPIL Langmuir monolayers is controlled by the surface pressure with uniform well-defined disk-like domains formed in a liquid phase. These domains are merged and transformed to uniform monolayers with elevated ridge-like network structures representing coalesced interdomain boundaries in a solid phase because the branched architecture and asymmetrical chemical composition stabilize the disk-like morphology under high compression. Above LCST, elevated individual islands are formed because of the aggregation of the collapsed hydrophobized PNIPAM terminal macrocations in a solid phase. The presence of thermoresponsive PNIPAM macrocations initiates monolayer reorganization at LCST with transformation of surface mechanical contrast distribution. The heterogeneity of elastic response and adhesion distributions for HBPIL monolayers in the wet state changed from highly contrasted two-phase distribution below LCST to near-uniform mechanical response above LCST because of the hydrophilic to hydrophobic transformation of the PNIPAM phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hansol Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Alexandr V Stryutsky
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine , Kyiv 02160 , Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr F Korolovych
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Emily Mikan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Valery V Shevchenko
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine , Kyiv 02160 , Ukraine
| | - Vladimir V Tsukruk
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Niemczyk A, Dziubek K, Grzymek M, Czaja K. Accelerated laboratory weathering of polypropylene composites filled with synthetic silicon-based compounds. Polym Degrad Stab 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
10
|
Niemczyk A, Dziubek K, Sacher-Majewska B, Czaja K, Czech-Polak J, Oliwa R, Lenża J, Szołyga M. Thermal Stability and Flame Retardancy of Polypropylene Composites Containing Siloxane-Silsesquioxane Resins. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E1019. [PMID: 30960943 PMCID: PMC6403547 DOI: 10.3390/polym10091019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel group of silsesquioxane derivatives, which are siloxane-silsesquioxane resins (S4SQ), was for the first time examined as possible flame retardants in polypropylene (PP) materials. Thermal stability of the PP/S4SQ composites compared to the S4SQ resins and neat PP was estimated using thermogravimetric (TG) analysis under nitrogen and in air atmosphere. The effects of the non-functionalized and n-alkyl-functionalized siloxane-silsesquioxane resins on thermostability and flame retardancy of PP materials were also evaluated by thermogravimetry-Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (TG-FTIR) and by cone calorimeter tests. The results revealed that the functionalized S4SQ resins may form a continuous ceramic layer on the material surface during its combustion, which improves both thermal stability and flame retardancy of the PP materials. This beneficial effect was observed especially when small amounts of the S4SQ fillers were applied. The performed analyses allowed us to propose a possible mechanism for the degradation of the siloxane-silsesquioxane resins, as well as to explain their possible role during the combustion of the PP/S4SQ composites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arkadiusz Niemczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Opole, Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Dziubek
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Opole, Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland.
| | | | - Krystyna Czaja
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Opole, Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland.
| | - Justyna Czech-Polak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, Al. Powstańców Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland.
| | - Rafał Oliwa
- Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, Al. Powstańców Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland.
| | - Joanna Lenża
- Central Mining Institute, Plac Gwarków 1, 40⁻166 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Mariusz Szołyga
- Centre for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Umultowska 89C, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Somjit V, Wong Chi Man M, Ouali A, Sangtrirutnugul P, Ervithayasuporn V. Heterogeneous Pd/POSS Nanocatalysts for C-C Cross-Coupling Reactions. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201702597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vetiga Somjit
- Department of Chemistry; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC); and Center for Inorganic and Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Mahidol University; Rama VI road, Ratchathewi District Bangkok 10400 Thailand
| | - Michel Wong Chi Man
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier; UMR5253 CNRS-ENSCM-UM; 8, rue de l'école normale 34296 Montpellier France
| | - Armelle Ouali
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier; UMR5253 CNRS-ENSCM-UM; 8, rue de l'école normale 34296 Montpellier France
| | - Preeyanuch Sangtrirutnugul
- Department of Chemistry; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC); and Center for Inorganic and Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Mahidol University; Rama VI road, Ratchathewi District Bangkok 10400 Thailand
| | - Vuthichai Ervithayasuporn
- Department of Chemistry; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC); and Center for Inorganic and Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Mahidol University; Rama VI road, Ratchathewi District Bangkok 10400 Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Groch P, Dziubek K, Czaja K, Białek M, Adamczyk-Tomiak K, Rabiej S, Dudziec B. Ethylene/POSS copolymerization behavior of postmetallocene catalysts and copolymer characteristics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Groch
- Faculty of Chemistry; Opole University; Oleska 48 Opole 45-052 Poland
| | - Katarzyna Dziubek
- Faculty of Chemistry; Opole University; Oleska 48 Opole 45-052 Poland
| | - Krystyna Czaja
- Faculty of Chemistry; Opole University; Oleska 48 Opole 45-052 Poland
| | - Marzena Białek
- Faculty of Chemistry; Opole University; Oleska 48 Opole 45-052 Poland
| | | | - Stanisław Rabiej
- University of Bielsko-Biała, Willowa 2; Bielsko-Biała 43-300 Poland
| | - Beata Dudziec
- Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Faculty of Chemistry, Umultowska 89B; Poznan 61-614 Poland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Xu YC, Tang YP, Liu LF, Guo ZH, Shao L. Nanocomposite organic solvent nanofiltration membranes by a highly-efficient mussel-inspired co-deposition strategy. J Memb Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2016.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
14
|
Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Naka
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology; Kyoto Institute of Technology; Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585 Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Irie
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology; Kyoto Institute of Technology; Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Megevand B, Pruvost S, Lins LC, Livi S, Gérard JF, Duchet-Rumeau J. Probing nanomechanical properties with AFM to understand the structure and behavior of polymer blends compatibilized with ionic liquids. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra18492h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The PeakForce QNM AFM mode was used to investigate the nanoscale mechanical properties of poly(butylene-adipate-co-terephthalate)/poly(lactic acid) (PBAT/PLA) blends successfully compatibilized with phosphonium-based ionic liquids (ILs).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Megevand
- Université de Lyon
- INSA Lyon
- UMR CNRS 5223
- IMP Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères
- F-69621 Villeurbanne
| | - Sébastien Pruvost
- Université de Lyon
- INSA Lyon
- UMR CNRS 5223
- IMP Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères
- F-69621 Villeurbanne
| | - Luanda C. Lins
- Université de Lyon
- INSA Lyon
- UMR CNRS 5223
- IMP Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères
- F-69621 Villeurbanne
| | - Sébastien Livi
- Université de Lyon
- INSA Lyon
- UMR CNRS 5223
- IMP Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères
- F-69621 Villeurbanne
| | - Jean-François Gérard
- Université de Lyon
- INSA Lyon
- UMR CNRS 5223
- IMP Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères
- F-69621 Villeurbanne
| | - Jannick Duchet-Rumeau
- Université de Lyon
- INSA Lyon
- UMR CNRS 5223
- IMP Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères
- F-69621 Villeurbanne
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yasumoto Y, Yamanaka T, Sakurai S, Imoto H, Naka K. Design of low-crystalline and low-density isobutyl-substituted caged silsesquioxane derivatives by star-shaped architectures linked with short aliphatic chains. Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2015.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
17
|
Abstract
We investigated the symmetry breaking mechanism in cubic octa-tert-butyl silsesquioxane and octachloro silsesquioxane monocations (Si8O12(C(CH3)3)8(+) and Si8O12Cl8(+)) using density functional theory (DFT) and group theory. Under Oh symmetry, these ions possess (2)T2g and (2)Eg electronic states and undergo different symmetry breaking mechanisms. The ground states of Si8O12(C(CH3)3)8(+) and Si8O12Cl8(+) belong to the C3v and D4h point groups and are characterized by Jahn-Teller stabilization energies of 3959 and 1328 cm(-1), respectively, at the B3LYP/def2-SVP level of theory. The symmetry distortion mechanism in Si8O12Cl8(+) is Jahn-Teller type, whereas in Si8O12(C(CH3)3)8(+) the distortion is a combination of both Jahn-Teller and pseudo-Jahn-Teller effects. The distortion force acting in Si8O12(C(CH3)3)8(+) is mainly localized on one Si-(tert-butyl) group, while in Si8O12Cl8(+) it is distributed over the oxygen atoms. The main distortion forces acting on the Si8O12 core arise from the coupling between the electronic state and the vibrational modes, identified as 9t2g + 1eg + 3a2u for the Si8O12(C(CH3)3)8(+) and 1eg + 2eg for Si8O12Cl8(+).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jules Tshishimbi Muya
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia 23173, United States
| | - Arnout Ceulemans
- ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Heverlee, B-3001, Belgium
| | - Gopinadhanpillai Gopakumar
- §Fuel Chemistry Division, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, Tamilnadu 603102, India.,∥Max-Planck Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, Mülheim an der Ruhr, 45470, Germany
| | - Carol A Parish
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia 23173, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Li W, Chen T, Guan C, Gong D, Mu J, Chen ZR, Zhou Q. Influence of Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane Structure on the Disentangled State of Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene Nanocomposites during Ethylene in Situ Polymerization. Ind Eng Chem Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/ie504273r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Material Science and
Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Material Science and
Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Guan
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Material Science and
Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dirong Gong
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Material Science and
Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingshan Mu
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Material Science and
Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhong-ren Chen
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Material Science and
Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University of Technology, Ningbo 315016, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Heeley EL, Hughes DJ, Taylor PG, Bassindale AR. Crystallization and morphology development in polyethylene–octakis(n-octadecyldimethylsiloxy)octasilsesquioxane nanocomposite blends. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra03267a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A detailed study of the crystallization kinetics and morphology development of a novel set of polyethylene–Q8POSS blends.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E. L. Heeley
- Department of Life
- Health and Chemical Sciences
- Open University
- UK
| | | | - P. G. Taylor
- Department of Life
- Health and Chemical Sciences
- Open University
- UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Grala M, Bartczak Z. Morphology and mechanical properties of high density polyethylene-POSS hybrid nanocomposites obtained by reactive blending. POLYM ENG SCI 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Grala
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies; Polish Academy of Sciences; Sienkiewicza 112 90-363 Lodz Poland
| | - Zbigniew Bartczak
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies; Polish Academy of Sciences; Sienkiewicza 112 90-363 Lodz Poland
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kluenker E, Faymonville J, Peter K, Moeller M, Hopmann C. Reactive extrusion processing of polypropylene/SiO2 nanocomposites by in situ synthesis of the nanofillers: Experiments and properties. POLYMER 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.08.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
22
|
Li Z, Wang R, Young RJ, Deng L, Yang F, Hao L, Jiao W, Liu W. Control of the functionality of graphene oxide for its application in epoxy nanocomposites. POLYMER 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2013.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|