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Mohammadaliee B, Roomi V, Samei ME. [Formula: see text] model for analyzing [Formula: see text]-19 pandemic process via [Formula: see text]-Caputo fractional derivative and numerical simulation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:723. [PMID: 38184696 PMCID: PMC10771536 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51415-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study is to develop the [Formula: see text] epidemic model for [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text] utilizing the [Formula: see text]-Caputo fractional derivative. The reproduction number ([Formula: see text]) is calculated utilizing the next generation matrix method. The equilibrium points of the model are computed, and both the local and global stability of the disease-free equilibrium point are demonstrated. Sensitivity analysis is discussed to describe the importance of the parameters and to demonstrate the existence of a unique solution for the model by applying a fixed point theorem. Utilizing the fractional Euler procedure, an approximate solution to the model is obtained. To study the transmission dynamics of infection, numerical simulations are conducted by using MatLab. Both numerical methods and simulations can provide valuable insights into the behavior of the system and help in understanding the existence and properties of solutions. By placing the values [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] instead of [Formula: see text], the derivatives of the Caputo and Caputo-Hadamard and Katugampola appear, respectively, to compare the results of each with real data. Besides, these simulations specifically with different fractional orders to examine the transmission dynamics. At the end, we come to the conclusion that the simulation utilizing Caputo derivative with the order of 0.95 shows the prevalence of the disease better. Our results are new which provide a good contribution to the current research on this field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vahid Roomi
- Department of Mathematics, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
- Insurance Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Esmael Samei
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Basic Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, 65178-38695, Iran.
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Olayiwola MO, Alaje AI, Olarewaju AY, Adedokun KA. A caputo fractional order epidemic model for evaluating the effectiveness of high-risk quarantine and vaccination strategies on the spread of COVID-19. Healthc Anal (N Y) 2023; 3:100179. [PMID: 37101804 PMCID: PMC10118058 DOI: 10.1016/j.health.2023.100179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
The recent global Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) threat to the human race requires research on preventing its reemergence without affecting socio-economic factors. This study proposes a fractional-order mathematical model to analyze the impact of high-risk quarantine and vaccination on COVID-19 transmission. The proposed model is used to analyze real-life COVID-19 data to develop and analyze the solutions and their feasibilities. Numerical simulations study the high-risk quarantine and vaccination strategies and show that both strategies effectively reduce the virus prevalence, but their combined application is more effective. We also demonstrate that their effectiveness varies with the volatile rate of change in the system's distribution. The results are analyzed using Caputo fractional order and presented graphically and extensively analyzed to highlight potent ways of curbing the virus.
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Idisi OI, Yusuf TT, Owolabi KM, Ojokoh BA. A bifurcation analysis and model of Covid-19 transmission dynamics with post-vaccination infection impact. Healthc Anal (N Y) 2023; 3:100157. [PMID: 36941830 PMCID: PMC10007718 DOI: 10.1016/j.health.2023.100157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
SARS COV-2 (Covid-19) has imposed a monumental socio-economic burden worldwide, and its impact still lingers. We propose a deterministic model to describe the transmission dynamics of Covid-19, emphasizing the effects of vaccination on the prevailing epidemic. The proposed model incorporates current information on Covid-19, such as reinfection, waning of immunity derived from the vaccine, and infectiousness of the pre-symptomatic individuals into the disease dynamics. Moreover, the model analysis reveals that it exhibits the phenomenon of backward bifurcation, thus suggesting that driving the model reproduction number below unity may not suffice to drive the epidemic toward extinction. The model is fitted to real-life data to estimate values for some of the unknown parameters. In addition, the model epidemic threshold and equilibria are determined while the criteria for the stability of each equilibrium solution are established using the Metzler approach. A sensitivity analysis of the model is performed based on the Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) and Partial Rank Correlation Coefficients (PRCCs) approaches to illustrate the impact of the various model parameters and explore the dependency of control reproduction number on its constituents parameters, which invariably gives insight on what needs to be done to contain the pandemic effectively. The foregoing notwithstanding, the contour plots of the control reproduction number concerning some of the salient parameters indicate that increasing vaccination coverage and decreasing vaccine waning rate would remarkably reduce the value of the reproduction number below unity, thus facilitating the possible elimination of the disease from the population. Finally, the model is solved numerically and simulated for different scenarios of disease outbreaks with the findings discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oke I Idisi
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Akure, P.M.B. 704, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Tunde T Yusuf
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Akure, P.M.B. 704, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Kolade M Owolabi
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Akure, P.M.B. 704, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Bolanle A Ojokoh
- Department of Information Systems, Federal University of Technology, Akure, P.M.B. 704, Ondo State, Nigeria
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Bilgil H, Yousef A, Erciyes A, Erdinç Ü, Öztürk Z. A fractional-order mathematical model based on vaccinated and infected compartments of SARS-CoV-2 with a real case study during the last stages of the epidemiological event. J Comput Appl Math 2023; 425:115015. [PMID: 36573128 PMCID: PMC9773742 DOI: 10.1016/j.cam.2022.115015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In 2020 the world faced with a pandemic spread that affected almost everything of humans' social and health life. Regulations to decrease the epidemiological spread and studies to produce the vaccine of SARS-CoV-2 were on one side a hope to return back to the regular life, but on the other side there were also notable criticism about the vaccines itself. In this study, we established a fractional order differential equations system incorporating the vaccinated and re-infected compartments to a S I R frame to consider the expanded and detailed form as an S V I I v R model. We considered in the model some essential parameters, such as the protection rate of the vaccines, the vaccination rate, and the vaccine's lost efficacy after a certain period. We obtained the local stability of the disease-free and co-existing equilibrium points under specific conditions using the Routh-Hurwitz Criterion and the global stability in using a suitable Lyapunov function. For the numerical solutions we applied the Euler's method. The data for the simulations were taken from the World Health Organization (WHO) to illustrate numerically some scenarios that happened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halis Bilgil
- Department of Mathematics, Aksaray University, 68100, Aksaray, Turkiye
| | - Ali Yousef
- School of Engineering, Engineering Sciences Department, Abdullah Gül University, 38080, Kayseri, Turkiye
- Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, 11931 Amman, Jordan
| | - Ayhan Erciyes
- Department of Mathematics, Aksaray University, 68100, Aksaray, Turkiye
| | - Ümmügülsüm Erdinç
- Department of Mathematics, Aksaray University, 68100, Aksaray, Turkiye
| | - Zafer Öztürk
- Institute of Science, Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University, 50300, Nevşehir, Turkiye
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Paul JN, Mbalawata IS, Mirau SS, Masandawa L. Mathematical modeling of vaccination as a control measure of stress to fight COVID-19 infections. Chaos Solitons Fractals 2023; 166:112920. [PMID: 36440088 PMCID: PMC9678855 DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2022.112920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The world experienced the life-threatening COVID-19 disease worldwide since its inversion. The whole world experienced difficult moments during the COVID-19 period, whereby most individual lives were affected by the disease socially and economically. The disease caused millions of illnesses and hundreds of thousands of deaths worldwide. To fight and control the COVID-19 disease intensity, mathematical modeling was an essential tool used to determine the potentiality and seriousness of the disease. Due to the effects of the COVID-19 disease, scientists observed that vaccination was the main option to fight against the disease for the betterment of human lives and the world economy. Unvaccinated individuals are more stressed with the disease, hence their body's immune system are affected by the disease. In this study, the S V E I H R deterministic model of COVID-19 with six compartments was proposed and analyzed. Analytically, the next-generation matrix method was used to determine the basic reproduction number ( R 0 ). Detailed stability analysis of the no-disease equilibrium ( E 0 ) of the proposed model to observe the dynamics of the system was carried out and the results showed that E 0 is stable if R 0 < 1 and unstable when R 0 > 1 . The Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method for the parameter identifiability was discussed. Moreover, the sensitivity analysis of R 0 showed that vaccination was an essential method to control the disease. With the presence of a vaccine in our S V E I H R model, the results showed that R 0 = 0 . 208 , which means COVID-19 is fading out of the community and hence minimizes the transmission. Moreover, in the absence of a vaccine in our model, R 0 = 1 . 7214 , which means the disease is in the community and spread very fast. The numerical simulations demonstrated the importance of the proposed model because the numerical results agree with the sensitivity results of the system. The numerical simulations also focused on preventing the disease to spread in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Nicodemus Paul
- School of Computational and Communication Science and Engineering, The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, P.O Box 447, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Isambi Sailon Mbalawata
- African Institute for Mathematical Sciences, NEI Global Secretariat, Rue KG590 ST, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Silas Steven Mirau
- School of Computational and Communication Science and Engineering, The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, P.O Box 447, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Lemjini Masandawa
- School of Computational and Communication Science and Engineering, The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, P.O Box 447, Arusha, Tanzania
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Joshi H, Jha BK, Yavuz M. Modelling and analysis of fractional-order vaccination model for control of COVID-19 outbreak using real data. Math Biosci Eng 2023; 20:213-240. [PMID: 36650763 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2023010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we construct the SV1V2EIR model to reveal the impact of two-dose vaccination on COVID-19 by using Caputo fractional derivative. The feasibility region of the proposed model and equilibrium points is derived. The basic reproduction number of the model is derived by using the next-generation matrix method. The local and global stability analysis is performed for both the disease-free and endemic equilibrium states. The present model is validated using real data reported for COVID-19 cumulative cases for the Republic of India from 1 January 2022 to 30 April 2022. Next, we conduct the sensitivity analysis to examine the effects of model parameters that affect the basic reproduction number. The Laplace Adomian decomposition method (LADM) is implemented to obtain an approximate solution. Finally, the graphical results are presented to examine the impact of the first dose of vaccine, the second dose of vaccine, disease transmission rate, and Caputo fractional derivatives to support our theoretical results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardik Joshi
- School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Brajesh Kumar Jha
- Department of Mathematics, School of Technology, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar 382007, India
| | - Mehmet Yavuz
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Sciences, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya 42090, Türkiye
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Ronzón-Ronzón AA, Salinas BAA, Chapol JAM, Soto Valdez DM, Sánchez SR, Martínez BL, Parra-Ortega I, Zurita-Cruz J. Usefulness of High-Resolution Computed Tomography in Early Diagnosis of Patients with Suspected COVID-19. Curr Med Imaging 2022; 18:1510-1516. [PMID: 35670347 DOI: 10.2174/1573405618666220606161924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is mainly based on molecular testing. General population studies have shown that chest Computed Tomography (CT) can also be useful. OBJECTIVE The study aims to examine the usefulness of high-resolution chest CT for early diagnosis of patients with suspected COVID-19. DESIGN AND SETTING This is a cross-sectional study from May 1, 2020, to August 31, 2021, at the COVID Hospital, Mexico City. METHODS This study examined the clinical, high-resolution chest CT imaging, and laboratory data of 160 patients who were suspected to have COVID-19. Patients with positive Reverse Transcription- Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) testing and those with negative RT-PCR testing but clinical data compatible with COVID-19 and positive antibody testing were considered to have COVID-19 (positive). Sensitivity and specificity of CT for diagnosis of COVID-19 were calculated. p < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS Median age of 160 study patients was 58 years. The proportion of patients with groundglass pattern was significantly higher in patients with COVID-19 than in those without COVID (65.1% versus 0%; P = 0.005). COVID-19 was ruled out in sixteen (11.1%). Only four of the 132 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 (3.0%) did not show CT alterations (p < 0.001). Sensitivity and specificity of CT for COVID-19 diagnosis were 96.7% and 42.8%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Chest CT can identify patients with COVID-19, as characteristic disease patterns are observed on CT in the early disease stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Angélica Ronzón-Ronzón
- Radiology and Imaging Department, Hospital General de Zona #48, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, México City, México
| | - Brenda Aida Acevedo Salinas
- Radiology and Imaging Department, Hospital General de Zona #48, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, México City, México
| | - José Agustín Mata Chapol
- Coordination of Diagnostic Assistants Department, Hospital General de Zona #48, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, México City, México
| | - Dalia María Soto Valdez
- Radiology and Imaging Department, Hospital General de Zona #48, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, México City, México
| | | | | | - Israel Parra-Ortega
- Clinical Laboratory Department, Children's Hospital Federico Gómez, México City, México
| | - Jessie Zurita-Cruz
- Metabolic & Surgical Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Children's Hospital Federico Gómez, México City, México
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Owoyemi AE, Sulaiman IM, Kumar P, Govindaraj V, Mamat M. Some novel mathematical analysis on the fractional-order 2019-nCoV dynamical model. Math Methods Appl Sci 2022; 46:MMA8772. [PMID: 36714679 PMCID: PMC9874666 DOI: 10.1002/mma.8772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Since December 2019, the whole world has been facing the big challenge of Covid-19 or 2019-nCoV. Some nations have controlled or are controlling the spread of this virus strongly, but some countries are in big trouble because of their poor control strategies. Nowadays, mathematical models are very effective tools to simulate outbreaks of this virus. In this research, we analyze a fractional-order model of Covid-19 in terms of the Caputo fractional derivative. First, we generalize an integer-order model to a fractional sense, and then, we check the stability of equilibrium points. To check the dynamics of Covid-19, we plot several graphs on the time scale of daily and monthly cases. The main goal of this content is to show the effectiveness of fractional-order models as compared to integer-order dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ibrahim Mohammed Sulaiman
- Institute of Strategic Industrial Decision Modelling (ISIDM), School of Quantitative SciencesUniversiti Utara MalaysiaSintok06010KedahMalaysia
| | - Pushpendra Kumar
- Institute for the Future of KnowledgeUniversity of JohannesburgPO Box 524Auckland Park2006South Africa
| | - Venkatesan Govindaraj
- Department of MathematicsNational Institute of Technology PuducherryKaraikal609609India
| | - Mustafa Mamat
- Faculty of Informatics and ComputingUniversiti Sultan Zainal AbidinKuala TerengganuMalaysia
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Almatroud AO, Djenina N, Ouannas A, Grassi G, Al-Sawalha MM. A novel discrete-time COVID-19 epidemic model including the compartment of vaccinated individuals. Math Biosci Eng 2022; 19:12387-12404. [PMID: 36654003 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2022578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Referring tothe study of epidemic mathematical models, this manuscript presents a noveldiscrete-time COVID-19 model that includes the number of vaccinated individuals as an additional state variable in the system equations. The paper shows that the proposed compartment model, described by difference equations, has two fixed points, i.e., a disease-free fixed point and an epidemic fixed point. By considering both the forward difference system and the backward difference system, some stability analyses of the disease-free fixed point are carried out.In particular, for the backward difference system a novel theorem is proved, which gives a condition for the disappearance of the pandemic when an inequality involving some epidemic parameters is satisfied. Finally, simulation results of the conceived discrete model are carried out, along with comparisons regarding the performances of both the forward difference system and the backward difference system.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Othman Almatroud
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, University of Ha'il, Ha'il 81451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noureddine Djenina
- Laboratory of Dynamical Systems and Control, University of Larbi Ben M'hidi, Oum El-Bouaghi, Algeria
| | - Adel Ouannas
- Laboratory of Dynamical Systems and Control, University of Larbi Ben M'hidi, Oum El-Bouaghi, Algeria
| | - Giuseppe Grassi
- Dipartimento Ingegneria Innovazione, Universita Del Salento, Lecce 73100, Italy
| | - M Mossa Al-Sawalha
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, University of Ha'il, Ha'il 81451, Saudi Arabia
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Devi MB, Devi A, Gupta PK, Tripathi D. Response of vaccination on community transmission of COVID-19: a dynamical approach. Eur Phys J Spec Top 2022; 231:3749-3765. [PMID: 35991944 PMCID: PMC9380690 DOI: 10.1140/epjs/s11734-022-00652-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Due to the severity of COVID-19, vaccination campaigns have been or are underway in most parts of the world. In the current circumstances, it is obligatory to examine the response of vaccination on transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus when there are many vaccines available. Considering the importance of vaccination, a dynamic model has been proposed to provide an insight in the same direction. A mathematical model has been developed where six population compartments viz. susceptible, infected, vaccinated, home-isolated, hospitalized and recovered population are considered. Moreover, two novel parameters are included in the model to ascertain the effectiveness and speed of the vaccination campaign. Reproduction number and local stability of both the disease-free and endemic equilibrium points are studied to examine the nature of population dynamics. Graphical results for the community stage of COVID-19 infection are simulated and compared with real data to ascertain the validity of our model. The data is then studied to understand the impact of vaccination. These numerical results evidently demonstrate that home isolation and hospitalization should continue for the infected people until the transmission of the virus from person to person reduces sufficiently after completely vaccinating every nation. This model also recommends that all type of prevention measures should still be taken to avoid any type of critical situation due to infection and also reduce the death rate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arpita Devi
- Department of Mathematics, National Institute of Technology Silchar, Cachar, 788010 Assam India
| | - Praveen Kumar Gupta
- Department of Mathematics, National Institute of Technology Silchar, Cachar, 788010 Assam India
| | - Dharmendra Tripathi
- Department of Mathematics, National Institute of Technology Uttarakhand, Srinagar, 246174 Uttarakhand India
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Tsvetkov VP, Mikheev SA, Tsvetkov IV, Derbov VL, Gusev AA, Vinitsky SI. Modeling the multifractal dynamics of COVID-19 pandemic. Chaos Solitons Fractals 2022; 161:112301. [PMID: 35755146 PMCID: PMC9212712 DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2022.112301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To describe the COVID-19 pandemic, we propose to use a mathematical model of multifractal dynamics, which is alternative to other models and free of their shortcomings. It is based on the fractal properties of pandemics only and allows describing their time behavior using no hypotheses and assumptions about the structure of the disease process. The model is applied to describe the dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic from day 1 to day 699 from the beginning of the pandemic. The calculated parameters of the model accurately determine the parameters of the trend and the large jump in daily diseases in this time interval. Within the framework of this model and finite-difference parametric nonlinear equations of the reduced SIR (Susceptible-Infected-Removed) model, the fractal dimensions of various segments of daily incidence in the world and variations in the main reproduction number of COVID-19 were calculated based on the data of COVID-19 world statistics.
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Affiliation(s)
- V P Tsvetkov
- Tver State University, 33, Zhelyabova St., Tver 170100, Russia
| | - S A Mikheev
- Tver State University, 33, Zhelyabova St., Tver 170100, Russia
| | - I V Tsvetkov
- Tver State University, 33, Zhelyabova St., Tver 170100, Russia
| | - V L Derbov
- N.G. Chernyshevsky Saratov National Research State University, Saratov, Russia
| | - A A Gusev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
| | - S I Vinitsky
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
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12
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Khan MA, Atangana A. Mathematical modeling and analysis of COVID-19: A study of new variant Omicron. Physica A 2022; 599:127452. [PMID: 35498561 PMCID: PMC9040451 DOI: 10.1016/j.physa.2022.127452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
We construct a new mathematical model to better understand the novel coronavirus (omicron variant). We briefly present the modeling of COVID-19 with the omicron variant and present their mathematical results. We study that the Omicron model is locally asymptotically stable if the basic reproduction number R 0 < 1 , while for R 0 ≤ 1 , the model at the disease-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable. We extend the model to the second-order differential equations to study the possible occurrence of the layers(waves). We then extend the model to a fractional stochastic version and studied its numerical results. The real data for the period ranging from November 1, 2021, to January 23, 2022, from South Africa are considered to obtain the realistic values of the model parameters. The basic reproduction number for the suggested data is found to be approximate R 0 ≈ 2 . 1107 which is very close to the actual basic reproduction in South Africa. We perform the global sensitivity analysis using the PRCC method to investigate the most influential parameters that increase or decrease R 0 . We use the new numerical scheme recently reported for the solution of piecewise fractional differential equations to present the numerical simulation of the model. Some graphical results for the model with sensitive parameters are given which indicate that the infection in the population can be minimized by following the recommendations of the world health organizations (WHO), such as social distances, using facemasks, washing hands, avoiding gathering, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Altaf Khan
- Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, South Africa
| | - Abdon Atangana
- Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, South Africa
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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13
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Algarni AD, Ben Hamed A, Hamdi M, Elmannai H, Meshoul S. Mathematical COVID-19 model with vaccination: a case study in Saudi Arabia. PeerJ Comput Sci 2022; 8:e959. [PMID: 35634103 PMCID: PMC9137965 DOI: 10.7717/peerj-cs.959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of a new form of corona-viruses in December 2019, SARS-CoV-2, commonly named COVID-19, has reshaped the world. With health and economic issues at stake, scientists have been focusing on understanding the dynamics of the disease, in order to provide the governments with the best policies and strategies allowing them to reduce the span of the virus. The world has been waiting for the vaccine for more than one year. The World Health Organization (WHO) is advertising the vaccine as a safe and effective measure to fight off the virus. Saudi Arabia was the fourth country in the world to start to vaccinate its population. Even with the new simplified COVID-19 rules, the third dose is still mandatory. COVID-19 vaccines have raised many questions regarding in its efficiency and its role to reduce the number of infections. In this work, we try to answer these question and propose a new mathematical model with five compartments, including susceptible, vaccinated, infectious, asymptotic and recovered individuals. We provide theoretical results regarding the effective reproduction number, the stability of endemic equilibrium and disease free equilibrium. We provide numerical analysis of the model based on the Saudi case. Our developed model shows that the vaccine reduces the transmission rate and provides an explanation to the rise in the number of new infections immediately after the start of the vaccination campaign in Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer D. Algarni
- Department of Information Technology, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Monia Hamdi
- Department of Information Technology, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hela Elmannai
- Department of Information Technology, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Souham Meshoul
- Department of Information Technology, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Ciunkiewicz P, Brooke W, Rogers M, Yanushkevich S. Agent-based epidemiological modeling of COVID-19 in localized environments. Comput Biol Med 2022; 144:105396. [PMID: 35299041 PMCID: PMC8915620 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological modeling is used, under certain assumptions, to represent the spread of a disease within a population. Information generated by these models can then be applied to inform public health practices and mitigate risk. To provide useful and actionable preparedness information to administrators and policy makers, epidemiological models must be formulated to model highly localized environments such as office buildings, campuses, or long-term care facilities. In this paper, a highly configurable agent-based simulation (ABS) framework designed for localized environments is proposed. This ABS provides information about risk and the effects of both pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions, as well as detailed control over the rapidly evolving epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19. Simulation results can inform decisions made by facility administrators and be used as inputs for a complementary decision support system. The application of our ABS to our research lab environment as a proof of concept demonstrates the configurability and insights achievable with this form of modeling, with future work focused on extensibility and integration with decision support.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Ciunkiewicz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada,Corresponding author
| | - W. Brooke
- Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - M. Rogers
- Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - S. Yanushkevich
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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15
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Kumar P, Govindaraj V, Erturk VS, Mohamed MS. Effects of greenhouse gases and hypoxia on the population of aquatic species: a fractional mathematical model. Adv Contin Discret Model 2022; 2022:31. [PMID: 35450200 PMCID: PMC9010246 DOI: 10.1186/s13662-022-03679-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Study of ecosystems has always been an interesting topic in the view of real-world dynamics. In this paper, we propose a fractional-order nonlinear mathematical model to describe the prelude of deteriorating quality of water cause of greenhouse gases on the population of aquatic animals. In the proposed system, we recall that greenhouse gases raise the temperature of water, and because of this reason, the dissolved oxygen level goes down, and also the rate of circulation of disintegrated oxygen by the aquatic animals rises, which causes a decrement in the density of aquatic species. We use a generalized form of the Caputo fractional derivative to describe the dynamics of the proposed problem. We also investigate equilibrium points of the given fractional-order model and discuss the asymptotic stability of the equilibria of the proposed autonomous model. We recall some important results to prove the existence of a unique solution of the model. For finding the numerical solution of the established fractional-order system, we apply a generalized predictor-corrector technique in the sense of proposed derivative and also justify the stability of the method. To express the novelty of the simulated results, we perform a number of graphs at various fractional-order cases. The given study is fully novel and useful for understanding the proposed real-world phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpendra Kumar
- Department of Mathematics, National Institute of Technology Puducherry, Karaikal, 609609 India
| | - V Govindaraj
- Department of Mathematics, National Institute of Technology Puducherry, Karaikal, 609609 India
| | - Vedat Suat Erturk
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Ondokuz Mayis University, Atakum, 55200 Samsun Turkey
| | - Mohamed S Mohamed
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944 Saudi Arabia
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16
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Turan A, Kaplanoğlu H, Kaplanoğlu V. Frequency of Ipsilateral Axillary Lymphadenopathy After the Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine. Curr Med Imaging 2022; 18:1214-1221. [PMID: 35272599 DOI: 10.2174/1573405618666220310115711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE During COVID-19 vaccine development studies, vaccines' efficacy and safety profiles should be carefully investigated. Only a few studies have shown that the COVID-19 vaccine can cause axillary lymphadenopathy on the injection arm. This study aimed to investigate the incidence of axillary lymphadenopathy and imaging findings using B-mode and Doppler ultrasonography (US) examinations in volunteers who had recently been vaccinated against COVID-19. METHODS The ipsilateral and contralateral axillae of 101 volunteers who received the COVID-19 vaccine were evaluated using B-mode and Doppler US examinations. The volunteers were asked when and to which arm the vaccine had been applied, and the type and dose of the vaccine were recorded. It was also questioned whether the individual experienced any side effects after vaccination, such as pain, tenderness, fever, and redness at the injection site. In addition, the demographic data of the participants, such as age and gender were recorded. RESULTS The B-mode US examinations revealed that the long- and short-axis diameters, size, cortical thickness and asymmetric cortical thickening of the left axillary lymph nodes were significantly higher compared to the right side in individuals having received the CoronaVac vaccine (p<0.05). When the individuals were evaluated separately according to gender, the frequency of cortical thickness and asymmetric cortical thickening in the left axillary lymph nodes was higher than on the right side in both males and females (p=0.011). CONCLUSION It should be kept in mind that ipsilateral reactive lymphadenopathy may develop after the COVID-19 vaccine. This knowledge can prevent unnecessary axillary lymph node biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aynur Turan
- University of Health Sciences, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Department of Radiology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hatice Kaplanoğlu
- University of Health Sciences, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Department of Radiology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Veysel Kaplanoğlu
- University of Health Sciences, Kecioren Training and Research Hospital, Department of Radiology, Ankara, Turkey
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17
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Selvaraj P, Wagner BG, Chao DL, Jackson ML, Breugelmans JG, Jackson N, Chang ST. Rural prioritization may increase the impact of COVID-19 vaccines in a representative COVAX AMC country setting due to ongoing internal migration: A modeling study. PLOS Glob Public Health 2022; 2:e0000053. [PMID: 36962090 PMCID: PMC10021691 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
How COVID-19 vaccine is distributed within low- and middle-income countries has received little attention outside of equity or logistical concerns but may ultimately affect campaign impact in terms of infections, severe cases, or deaths averted. In this study we examined whether subnational (urban-rural) prioritization may affect the cumulative two-year impact on disease transmission and burden of a vaccination campaign using an agent-based model of COVID-19 in a representative COVID-19 Vaccines Global Access (COVAX) Advanced Market Commitment (AMC) setting. We simulated a range of vaccination strategies that differed by urban-rural prioritization, age group prioritization, timing of introduction, and final coverage level. Urban prioritization averted more infections in only a narrow set of scenarios, when internal migration rates were low and vaccination was started by day 30 of an outbreak. Rural prioritization was the optimal strategy for all other scenarios, e.g., with higher internal migration rates or later start dates, due to the presence of a large immunological naive rural population. Among other factors, timing of the vaccination campaign was important to determining maximum impact, and delays as short as 30 days prevented larger campaigns from having the same impact as smaller campaigns that began earlier. The optimal age group for prioritization depended on choice of metric, as prioritizing older adults consistently averted more deaths across all of the scenarios. While guidelines exist for these latter factors, urban-rural allocation is an orthogonal factor that we predict to affect impact and warrants consideration as countries plan the scale-up of their vaccination campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashanth Selvaraj
- Institute for Disease Modeling, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Bradley G. Wagner
- Institute for Disease Modeling, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Dennis L. Chao
- Institute for Disease Modeling, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | | | | | - Nicholas Jackson
- Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness and Innovations, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stewart T. Chang
- Institute for Disease Modeling, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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18
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Kumar P, Baleanu D, Erturk VS, Inc M, Govindaraj V. A delayed plant disease model with Caputo fractional derivatives. Adv Contin Discret Model 2022; 2022:11. [PMID: 35450199 PMCID: PMC8799979 DOI: 10.1186/s13662-022-03684-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
We analyze a time-delay Caputo-type fractional mathematical model containing the infection rate of Beddington-DeAngelis functional response to study the structure of a vector-borne plant epidemic. We prove the unique global solution existence for the given delay mathematical model by using fixed point results. We use the Adams-Bashforth-Moulton P-C algorithm for solving the given dynamical model. We give a number of graphical interpretations of the proposed solution. A number of novel results are demonstrated from the given practical and theoretical observations. By using 3-D plots we observe the variations in the flatness of our plots when the fractional order varies. The role of time delay on the proposed plant disease dynamics and the effects of infection rate in the population of susceptible and infectious classes are investigated. The main motivation of this research study is examining the dynamics of the vector-borne epidemic in the sense of fractional derivatives under memory effects. This study is an example of how the fractional derivatives are useful in plant epidemiology. The application of Caputo derivative with equal dimensionality includes the memory in the model, which is the main novelty of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpendra Kumar
- Department of Mathematics, National Institute of Technology Puducherry, Karaikal, 609609 India
| | - Dumitru Baleanu
- Department of Mathematics, Cankaya University, Ankara, Turkey
- Institute of Space Sciences, Magurele-Bucharest, R76900 Romania
| | - Vedat Suat Erturk
- Department of Mathematics, Ondokuz Mayis University, Atakum, 55200 Samsun Turkey
| | - Mustafa Inc
- Department of Computer Engineering, Biruni Universiity, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Mathematics, Science Faculty, Firat University, Elazig, 23119 Turkey
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - V. Govindaraj
- Department of Mathematics, National Institute of Technology Puducherry, Karaikal, 609609 India
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19
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Omae Y, Kakimoto Y, Sasaki M, Toyotani J, Hara K, Gon Y, Takahashi H. SIRVVD model-based verification of the effect of first and second doses of COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in Japan. Math Biosci Eng 2022; 19:1026-1040. [PMID: 34903024 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2022047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As of August 2021, COVID-19 is still spreading in Japan. Vaccination, one of the key measures to bring COVID-19 under control, began in February 2021. Previous studies have reported that COVID-19 vaccination reduces the number of infections and mortality rates. However, simulations of spreading infection have suggested that vaccination in Japan is insufficient. Therefore, we developed a susceptible-infected-recovered-vaccination1-vaccination2-death model to verify the effect of the first and second vaccination doses on reducing the number of infected individuals in Japan; this includes an infection simulation. The results confirm that appropriate vaccination measures will sufficiently reduce the number of infected individuals and reduce the mortality rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Omae
- College of Industrial Technology, Nihon University, Izumi, Narashino, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yohei Kakimoto
- College of Industrial Technology, Nihon University, Izumi, Narashino, Chiba, Japan
| | - Makoto Sasaki
- College of Industrial Technology, Nihon University, Izumi, Narashino, Chiba, Japan
| | - Jun Toyotani
- College of Industrial Technology, Nihon University, Izumi, Narashino, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Hara
- College of Industrial Technology, Nihon University, Izumi, Narashino, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Gon
- Nihon University School of Medicine, Ooyaguchi, Itabashi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Takahashi
- Research Center for Space Science, Advanced Research Laboratories, Tokyo City University, Todoroki, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
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20
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Shen ZH, Chu YM, Khan MA, Muhammad S, Al-Hartomy OA, Higazy M. Mathematical modeling and optimal control of the COVID-19 dynamics. Results Phys 2021; 31:105028. [PMID: 34868832 PMCID: PMC8627298 DOI: 10.1016/j.rinp.2021.105028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
We are considering a new COVID-19 model with an optimal control analysis when vaccination is present. Firstly, we formulate the vaccine-free model and present the associated mathematical results involved. Stability results forR 0 < 1 are shown. In addition, we frame the model with the vaccination class. We look at the mathematical results with the details of the vaccine model. Additionally, we are considering setting controls to minimize infection spread and control. We consider four different controls, such as prevention, vaccination control, rapid screening of people in the exposed category, and people who are identified as infected without screening. Using the suggested controls, we develop an optimal control model and derive mathematical results from it. In addition, the mathematical model with control and without control is resolved by the forward-backward Runge-Kutta method and presents the results graphically. The results obtained through optimal control suggest that controls can be useful for minimizing infected individuals and improving population health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Hua Shen
- School of Mathematics, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, PR China
| | - Yu-Ming Chu
- Department of Mathematics, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, PR China
| | - Muhammad Altaf Khan
- Institute for Ground Water Studies, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, South Africa
| | - Shabbir Muhammad
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physics,College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar A Al-Hartomy
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Higazy
- Department of Physics and Engineering Mathematics, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, Menouf 32952, Egypt
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
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21
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Kumar P, Erturk VS, Murillo-Arcila M, Banerjee R, Manickam A. A case study of 2019-nCOV cases in Argentina with the real data based on daily cases from March 03, 2020 to March 29, 2021 using classical and fractional derivatives. Adv Differ Equ 2021; 2021:341. [PMID: 34306044 PMCID: PMC8290213 DOI: 10.1186/s13662-021-03499-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this study, our aim is to explore the dynamics of COVID-19 or 2019-nCOV in Argentina considering the parameter values based on the real data of this virus from March 03, 2020 to March 29, 2021 which is a data range of more than one complete year. We propose a Atangana-Baleanu type fractional-order model and simulate it by using predictor-corrector (P-C) method. First we introduce the biological nature of this virus in theoretical way and then formulate a mathematical model to define its dynamics. We use a well-known effective optimization scheme based on the renowned trust-region-reflective (TRR) method to perform the model calibration. We have plotted the real cases of COVID-19 and compared our integer-order model with the simulated data along with the calculation of basic reproductive number. Concerning fractional-order simulations, first we prove the existence and uniqueness of solution and then write the solution along with the stability of the given P-C method. A number of graphs at various fractional-order values are simulated to predict the future dynamics of the virus in Argentina which is the main contribution of this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpendra Kumar
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab 151001 India
| | - Vedat Suat Erturk
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Ondokuz Mayis University, Atakum, 55200 Samsun, Turkey
| | - Marina Murillo-Arcila
- Instituto Universitario de Matematica Pura y Aplicada, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ramashis Banerjee
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Silchar, India
| | - A. Manickam
- School of Advanced Sciences & Languages, Department of Mathematics, VIT Bhopal University, Kottri Kalan (Village), 466 114 Sehore (District), Madhya Pradesh India
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22
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Alzaid SS, Alkahtani BST. On study of fractional order epidemic model of COVID-19 under non-singular Mittag-Leffler kernel. Results Phys 2021; 26:104402. [PMID: 34189025 PMCID: PMC8216059 DOI: 10.1016/j.rinp.2021.104402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This paper investigates the analysis of the fraction mathematical model of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19), which is indeed a source of threat all over the globe. This paper deals with the transmission mechanism by some affected parameters in the problem. The said study is carried out by the consideration of a fractional-order epidemic model describing the dynamics of COVID-19 under a non-singular kernel type of derivative. The concerned model examine via non-singular fractional-order derivative known as Atangana-Baleanu derivative in Caputo sense (ABC). The problem analyzes for qualitative analysis and determines at least one solution by applying the approach of fixed point theory. The uniqueness of the solution is derived by the Banach contraction theorem. For iterative solution, the technique of iterative fractional-order Adams-Bashforth scheme is applied. Numerical simulation for the proposed scheme is performed at various fractional-order lying between 0, 1 and for integer-order 1. We also compare the compartmental quantities of the said model at two different effective contact rates of β . All the compartments show convergence and stability with growing time. The simulation of the iterative techniques is also compared with the Laplace Adomian decomposition method (LADM). Good comparative results for the whole density have been achieved by different fractional orders and obtain the stability faster at the low fractional orders while slowly at higher-order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Salem Alzaid
- Department of Mathematics, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 1142, Riyadh 11989, Saudi Arabia
| | - Badr Saad T Alkahtani
- Department of Mathematics, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 1142, Riyadh 11989, Saudi Arabia
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23
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Markovič R, Šterk M, Marhl M, Perc M, Gosak M. Socio-demographic and health factors drive the epidemic progression and should guide vaccination strategies for best COVID-19 containment. Results Phys 2021; 26:104433. [PMID: 34123716 PMCID: PMC8186958 DOI: 10.1016/j.rinp.2021.104433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
We propose and study an epidemiological model on a social network that takes into account heterogeneity of the population and different vaccination strategies. In particular, we study how the COVID-19 epidemics evolves and how it is contained by different vaccination scenarios by taking into account data showing that older people, as well as individuals with comorbidities and poor metabolic health, and people coming from economically depressed areas with lower quality of life in general, are more likely to develop severe COVID-19 symptoms, and quicker loss of immunity and are therefore more prone to reinfection. Our results reveal that the structure and the spatial arrangement of subpopulations are important epidemiological determinants. In a healthier society the disease spreads more rapidly but the consequences are less disastrous as in a society with more prevalent chronic comorbidities. If individuals with poor health are segregated within one community, the epidemic outcome is less favorable. Moreover, we show that, contrary to currently widely adopted vaccination policies, prioritizing elderly and other higher-risk groups is beneficial only if the supply of vaccine is high. If, however, the vaccination availability is limited, and if the demographic distribution across the social network is homogeneous, better epidemic outcomes are achieved if healthy people are vaccinated first. Only when higher-risk groups are segregated, like in elderly homes, their prioritization will lead to lower COVID-19 related deaths. Accordingly, young and healthy individuals should view vaccine uptake as not only protecting them, but perhaps even more so protecting the more vulnerable socio-demographic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rene Markovič
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Marko Šterk
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Marko Marhl
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Faculty of Education, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Matjaž Perc
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Complexity Science Hub Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Alma Mater Europaea, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Marko Gosak
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
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24
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Kumar P, Erturk VS, Yusuf A, Nisar KS, Abdelwahab SF. A study on canine distemper virus (CDV) and rabies epidemics in the red fox population via fractional derivatives. Results in Physics 2021; 25:104281. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rinp.2021.104281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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