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Barros OA, Silva JH, Saraiva GD, Viana BC, Paschoal AR, Freire PTC, Oliveira NC, Paula AJ, Viana MS. Physicochemical investigation of shrimp fossils from the Romualdo and Ipubi formations (Araripe Basin). PeerJ 2019; 7:e6323. [PMID: 30783565 PMCID: PMC6378090 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ipubi and Romualdo Formations are Cretaceous units of the Araripe Basin (Santana Group). The first and most ancient was deposited in a lake environment, and some fossils were preserved in shales deposited under blackish conditions. The second was deposited in a marine environment, preserving a rich paleontological content in calcareous concretions. Considering that these two environments preserved their fossils under different processes, in this work we investigated the chemical composition of two fossilized specimens, one from each of the studied stratigraphic units, and compared them using vibrational spectroscopy techniques (Raman and IR), X-ray diffraction and large-field energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) mappings. Calcite was observed as the dominant phase and carbon was observed in the fossils as a byproduct of the decomposition. The preservation of hydroxide calcium phosphate (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, hydroxyapatite) was observed in both fossils. In addition, it was observed that there was a smaller amount of pyrite (pyritization) in the Romualdo Formation sample than in the Ipubi one. Large-field EDS measurements showed the major presence of the chemical elements calcium, oxygen, iron, aluminum and fluoride in the Ipubi fossil, indicating a greater influence of inorganic processes in its fossilization. Our results also suggest that the Romualdo Formation fossilization process involved the substitution of the hydroxyl group by fluorine, providing durability to the fossils.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - João Hermínio Silva
- Campus Juazeiro do Norte, Universidade Federal do Cariri, Juazeiro do Norte, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Dantas Saraiva
- Faculdade de Educação, Ciências e Letras do Sertão Central, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Quixadá, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Amauri Jardim Paula
- Department of Physics, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Maria Somália Viana
- Laboratório de Paleontologia, Museu Dom José, Universidade Estadual do Vale do Acaraú, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil
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Broda M, Popescu CM. Natural decay of archaeological oak wood versus artificial degradation processes - An FT-IR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction study. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2019; 209:280-287. [PMID: 30414577 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Wood has been extensively used as a material for different applications over the years, therefore the understanding of different degradation processes in various environments is of great importance. In this study, the infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and chemometric methods were used to evaluate and compare the structure of archaeological and artificially degraded oak wood. The results clearly show that modifications in the structure of archaeological wood are related to the position of the material in the log (sapwood and heartwood), thus the extent of wood degradation. To identify the possible factors influencing these effects, the control wood samples were exposed to artificial white rot biodegradation with Coriolus (Trametes) versicolor and to alkali treatment (with NaOH solution). Due to the structural similarities between biodegraded wood and control or archaeological samples, this type of decay is likely to occur during natural ageing along with degradation produced by other environmental factors. Further, no real similarity was identified between the alkali treated wood and archaeological samples, indicating that such degradation does not affect wood under natural conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Broda
- Institute of Wood Chemical Technology, Faculty of Wood Technology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Carmen-Mihaela Popescu
- Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Romanian Academy, Iasi, Romania; Centre of Wood Science and Technology, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK.
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Rodrigues MIC, da Silva JH, Santos FEP, Dentzien-Dias P, Cisneros JC, de Menezes AS, Freire PTC, Viana BC. Physicochemical analysis of Permian coprolites from Brazil. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2018; 189:93-99. [PMID: 28802161 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we performed the study of two coprolites (fossilized feces) collected from the exposed levels of the Pedra de Fogo Formation, Parnaiba Sedimentary Basin, and Rio do Rasto Formation, Paraná Sedimentary Basin, both of the Palaeozoic era (Permian age). They were characterized using X-ray diffractometry, infrared, Raman and energy dispersive spectroscopy techniques in order to aid our understanding of the processes of fossilization and to discuss issues related to the feeding habits of the animals which generated those coprolites, probably cartilaginous fishes. The results obtained using a multitechnique approach showed that although these coprolites are from different geological formations, 3000km away from each other, they show the same major crystalline phases and elemental composition. The main phases found were hydroxyapatite, silica, calcite and hematite, which lead to infer that those coprolites were formed under similar conditions and produced by a similar group of carnivore or omnivore fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I C Rodrigues
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Piauí, 64049-550 Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - J H da Silva
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Piauí, 64049-550 Teresina, PI, Brazil; Campus de Juazeiro do Norte - Universidade Federal do Cariri, 63048-080, Juazeiro do Norte, CE, Brazil
| | - F Eroni P Santos
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Piauí, 64049-550 Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - P Dentzien-Dias
- Laboratório Oceanografia Geológica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, 96201-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - J C Cisneros
- Centro de Ciências da Natureza - Universidade Federal do Piauí, 64049-550, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - A S de Menezes
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 65080-805, São Luis, MA, Brazil
| | - P T C Freire
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60455-970, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - B C Viana
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Piauí, 64049-550 Teresina, PI, Brazil.
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Sayão JM, Bantim RAM, Andrade RCLP, Lima FJ, Saraiva AAF, Figueiredo RG, Kellner AWA. Paleohistology of Susisuchus anatoceps (Crocodylomorpha, Neosuchia): Comments on Growth Strategies and Lifestyle. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155297. [PMID: 27149108 PMCID: PMC4858261 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Susisuchus anatoceps is a neosuchian crocodylomorph lying outside the clade Eusuchia, and associated with the transition between basal and advanced neosuchians and the rise of early eusuchians. The specimen MPSC R1136 comprises a partially articulated postcranial skeleton and is only the third fossil assigned to this relevant taxon. Thin sections of a right rib and right ulna of this specimen have been cut for histological studies and provide the first paleohistological information of an advanced non-eusuchian neosuchian from South America. The cross-section of the ulna shows a thick cortex with 17 lines of arrested growth (LAGs), a few scattered vascular canals, and primary and secondary osteons. This bone has a free medullary cavity and a spongiosa is completely absent. Thin sections of the rib show that remodeling process was active when the animal died, with a thin cortex and a well-developed spongiosa. In the latter, few secondary osteons and 4 LAGs were identified. According to the observed data, Susisuchus anatoceps had a slow-growing histological microstructure pattern, which is common in crocodylomorphs. The high number of ulnar LAGs and the active remodeling process are indicative that this animal was at least a late subadult, at or past the age of sexual maturity. This contradicts previous studies that interpreted this and other Susisuchus anatoceps specimens as juveniles, and suggests that full-grown adults of this species were relatively small-bodied, comparable in size to modern dwarf crocodiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana M. Sayão
- Laboratório de Biodiversidade do Nordeste, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco.Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Renan A. M. Bantim
- Laboratório de Biodiversidade do Nordeste, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco.Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Rafael C. L. P. Andrade
- Laboratório de Biodiversidade do Nordeste, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco.Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Flaviana J. Lima
- Laboratório de Biodiversidade do Nordeste, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco.Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo G. Figueiredo
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo. Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Alexander W. A. Kellner
- Laboratório de Sistemática e Tafonomia de Vertebrados Fósseis, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro.Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Sousa Filho FE, da Silva JH, Saraiva GD, Abagaro BTO, Barros OA, Saraiva AAF, Viana BC, Freire PTC. Spectroscopic studies of the fish fossils (Cladocyclus gardneri and Vinctifer comptoni) from the Ipubi Formation of the Cretaceous Period. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2016; 157:124-128. [PMID: 26745511 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Fossils are mineralized remains or traces from animals, plants and other organisms aged to about 10(8)years. The chemical processes of fossilization are dated back from old geological periods on Earth. The understanding of these processes and the structure of the fossils are one of the goals of paleontology and geology in the sedimentary environments. Many researches have tried to unveil details about special kinds of biological samples; however, a lack of data is noticed for various other specimens. This study reports the investigations through infrared spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence and X-ray diffraction measurements for two types of fish fossils from the Cretaceous Period. The sample of Cladocyclus gardneri and Vinctifer comptoni fossils were collected from the Ipubi Formation, being one of the less studied, among the formations that constitute the important Santana group in the Araripe Basin, Brazil. The results obtained through different techniques, showed that the C. gardneri fish fossil contains hydroxyapatite and calcite as constituents whereas its rock matrix was formed by calcite, quartz and pyrite. Regarding the V. comptoni, the measurements confirmed the presence of hydroxyapatite in the fossil and its rock matrix gypsum, pyrite, quartz and calcite. The above scientific data contributed to the understanding the fossil formation in the Ipubi Formation, an important environment of the Cretaceous Period, which is rich in well-preserved fossils from different species.
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Affiliation(s)
- F E Sousa Filho
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Avenida Leão Sampaio S/N, 63010-970 Juazeiro do Norte, CE, Brazil
| | - J H da Silva
- Universidade Federal do Cariri, 63000-000 Juazeiro do Norte, CE, Brazil; Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60455-970 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - G D Saraiva
- Faculdade de Educação Ciências e Letras do Sertão Central, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, CEP 63, 900-000 Quixadá, CE, Brazil
| | - B T O Abagaro
- Campus Bacabal, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 65700-000 Bacabal, MA, Brazil
| | - O A Barros
- Laboratório de Paleontologia da Universidade Regional do Cariri-Rua Cel., Antônio Luiz, 1161, 63105-000 Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - A A F Saraiva
- Laboratório de Paleontologia da Universidade Regional do Cariri-Rua Cel., Antônio Luiz, 1161, 63105-000 Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - B C Viana
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Universitário Ministro Petrônio Portella-Bairro Ininga, 64049-550 Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - P T C Freire
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60455-970 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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Alencar WJ, Santos FEP, Cisneros JC, da Silva JH, Freire PTC, Viana BC. Spectroscopic analysis and X-ray diffraction of trunk fossils from the Parnaíba Basin, Northeast Brazil. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2015; 135:1052-1058. [PMID: 25173521 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The Parnaiba Sedimentary Basin is of the Paleozoic age and is located in Northeast Brazil, covering the states of Piauí, Maranhão and Tocantins and a small part of Ceará and Pará. In this work we applied several chemical analytical techniques to characterize trunk fossils found in the Parnaíba Sedimentary Basin, collected from four different sites, and discuss their fossilization process. We performed a study of the trunk fossils through X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive spectroscopy, infrared and Raman spectroscopy. The analysis allow us to identify the different compositions which are present in the trunk fossils: kaolinite (Al2Si2O5(OH)4), hematite (Fe2O3) and quartz (SiO2). Based in these results we were able to identify that the main fossilization mechanism of the trunk fossil was silicification. Furthermore, through Raman spectroscopy, we have observed the presence of carbonaceous materials in the Permian fossils, as evidenced by the D and G Raman bands. The relative intensities and bandwidths of the D and G bands indicated that the carbon has a low crystallinity. Thus, most of trunk fossils analyzed were permineralized and not petrified, because there is the presence of carbon that characterizes the partial decomposition of the organic matter in some trunks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wemerson J Alencar
- Universidade Federal do Piauí, CCN, Departamento de Física, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - F Eroni P Santos
- Universidade Federal do Piauí, CCN, Departamento de Física, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Juan C Cisneros
- Universidade Federal do Piauí, Núcleo de Arqueologia e Paleontologia, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - João H da Silva
- Universidade Federal do Cariri, Cidade Universitária, Juazeiro do Norte, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Paulo T C Freire
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, C.P. 6030, Departamento de Física, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Bartolomeu C Viana
- Universidade Federal do Piauí, CCN, Departamento de Física, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Piaui, CCN, Pós Graduação em Ciências dos Materiais, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil.
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