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Li YJ, Yuan Y, Tan WB, Xi BD, Wang H, Hui KL, Chen JB, Zhang YF, Wang LF, Li RF. Antibiotic resistance genes and heavy metals in landfill: A review. J Hazard Mater 2024; 464:132395. [PMID: 37976849 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Landfill is reservoir containing antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) that pose a threat to human life and health. Heavy metals impose lasting effects on ARGs. This review investigated and analyzed the distribution, composition, and abundance of heavy metals and ARGs in landfill. The abundance ranges of ARGs detected in refuse and leachate were similar. The composition of ARG varied with sampling depth in refuse. ARG in leachate varies with the distribution of ARG in the refuse. The ARG of sulI was associated with 11 metals (Co, Pb, Mn, Zn, Cu, Cr, Ni, Sb, As, Cd, and Al). The effects of the total metal concentration on ARG abundance were masked by many factors. Low heavy metal concentrations showed positive effects on ARG diffusion; conversely, high heavy metal concentrations showed negative effects. Organic matter had a selective pressure effect on microorganisms and could provide energy for the diffusion of ARGs. Complexes of heavy metals and organic matter were common in landfill. Therefore, the hypothesis was proposed that organic matter and heavy metals have combined effects on the horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of ARGs during landfill stabilization. This work provides a new basis to better understand the HGT of ARGs in landfill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Jiao Li
- School of Materials Science and engineering, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian 116021, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, and State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, and State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Wen-Bing Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, and State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Bei-Dou Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, and State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, and State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Kun-Long Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, and State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Jia-Bao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, and State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yi-Fan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, and State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Lian-Feng Wang
- School of Materials Science and engineering, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian 116021, China
| | - Ren-Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, and State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
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Pan Q, Liu QY, Zheng J, Li YH, Xiang S, Sun XJ, He XS. Volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds in landfill gas: Composition characteristics and health risks. Environ Int 2023; 174:107886. [PMID: 36989764 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Gas emitted from landfills contains a large quantity of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs), some of which are carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic, thereby posing a serious threat to the health of landfill workers and nearby residents. However, the global hazards of VOCs and SVOCs in landfill gas to human health remain unclear. To quantify the global risk distributions of these pollutants, we collected the composition and concentration data of VOCs and SVOCs from 72 landfills in 20 countries from the core database of Web of Science and assessed their human health risks as well as analyzed their influencing factors. Organic compounds in landfill gas were found to primarily result from the biodegradation of natural organic waste or the emissions and volatilization of chemical products, with the concentration range of 1 × 10-1-1 × 106 μg/m3. The respiratory system, in particular, lung was the major target organ of VOCs and SVOCs, with additional adverse health impacts ranging from headache and allergies to lung cancer. Aromatic and halogenated compounds were the primary sources of health risk, while ethyl acetate and acetone from the biodegradation of natural organic waste also exceeded the acceptable levels for human health. Overall, VOCs and SVOCs affected residents within 1,000 m of landfills. Air temperature, relative humidity, air pressure, wind direction, and wind speed were the major factors that influenced the health risks of VOCs and SVOCs. Currently, landfill risk assessments of VOCs and SVOCs are primarily based on respiratory inhalation, with health risks due to other exposure routes remaining poorly elucidated. In addition, potential health risks due to the transport and transformation of landfill gas emitted into the atmosphere should be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541000, China
| | - Qing-Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Jing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541000, China
| | - Yan-Hong Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541000, China
| | - Song Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Sun
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541000, China
| | - Xiao-Song He
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
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Yang S, Cheng Y, Zou H, Tao E. Synergistic roles of montmorillonite and organic matter in reducing bioavailable state of chromium in tannery sludge. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:87298-87309. [PMID: 35802330 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21897-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Organic matter (OM) has an excellent retention effect on stabilizing chromium (Cr), and functional groups on OM play a predominant role in this process. Based on this result, it is found that a considerable amount of Cr in tannery sludge is immobilized from ion exchangeable species into bound species, benefiting from complexing reaction with functional groups. Especially, the mentioned immobilizing process is enhanced in way of adding with montmorillonite (MMT) which performs adsorption reaction with Cr, as well as plays interaction with functional groups. The result is confirmed by employing density functional theory (DFT) analysis, suggesting the binding ability among Cr, functional groups, and MMT is stronger (- 77.36503 eV) than that of the system of Cr and MMT (- 61.29942 eV), indicating the synergetic roles of OM and MMT. This synergetic role could also be illustrated by a new peak (Cr-OH 20.1%) shown in XPS result. Meanwhile, DFT analysis emphasizes that functional groups on OM give the response for binding with Cr in the order of hydroxyl (-OH) > carboxyl (-COOH) > epoxy (-COC), and all the functional groups tend to donate electron to bind with Cr. In addition, the stabilizing process shows a better fitting effect with pseudo second-order kinetic model (R2 > 0.94), indicating that exchangeable Cr mass transfer and chemical adsorption occur simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyi Yang
- College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory for Surface Functionalization of Titanium Dioxide Powder, College of Chemistry and Material Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou, 121013, Liaoning, China
| | - Ying Cheng
- Liaoning Key Laboratory for Surface Functionalization of Titanium Dioxide Powder, College of Chemistry and Material Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou, 121013, Liaoning, China
| | - Hongtao Zou
- College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
| | - E Tao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory for Surface Functionalization of Titanium Dioxide Powder, College of Chemistry and Material Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou, 121013, Liaoning, China
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He S, Han Z, Li H, Wang J, Guo N, Wu Y. Influence of dissolved organic matter and heavy metals on the utilization of soil-like material mined from different types of MSW landfills. Waste Manag 2022; 153:312-322. [PMID: 36181741 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Soil-like material (SLM) mined from municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills can be used as nursery cultivation soil, landfill cover, and as a building material. However, SLM utilization is restrained by heavy metal (HM) contents whose speciation and migration are influenced by their dissolved organic matter (DOM) content. Therefore, the properties of aged refuse and the correlation between DOM and HM forms were studied using samples from different types of MSW landfills. The dominant components of aged refuse were SLM (18.80%-83.51%) and plastics (11.17%-65.51%). The moisture, organic matter, and pH ranged from 29.55% to 57.92%, 15.70%-57.68%, and 7.84-8.51, respectively. The Zn content was highest (455.48-1379.27 mg/kg) in the SLM, followed by Cu (96.29-428.90 mg/kg), Cr (49.10-236.21 mg/kg), Pb (53.52-222.71 mg/kg), and Ni (20.92-39.10 mg/kg). The SLM cannot be used for agriculture because the HM contamination exceeds the multiple of 0.07-7.99. Zinc in the acid-soluble state and reducible state had the highest mobility in SLM. However, Cu and Pb, mainly in the oxidizable state, and Cr and Ni, in the oxidizable and residual states, were relatively stable. In the sanitary and simple MSW landfills, the average proportion of protein-like materials decreased from 84.44% to 82.61% and from 65.58% to 55.94%, respectively, as the landfill depth increased. Both the acid-soluble and oxidizable HM states and all forms of Zn in the SLM were significantly positively correlated with tyrosine-like materials (r = 0.58*-0.87**). Protein-like materials may enhance the mobility of HMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan He
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection (Chengdu University of Technology), Chengdu 610059, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Synergetic Control and Joint Remediation for Soil & Water Pollution (Chengdu University of Technology), Chengdu 610059, China; College of Ecology and Environment (Chengdu University of Technology), Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Zhiyong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection (Chengdu University of Technology), Chengdu 610059, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Synergetic Control and Joint Remediation for Soil & Water Pollution (Chengdu University of Technology), Chengdu 610059, China; College of Ecology and Environment (Chengdu University of Technology), Chengdu 610059, China.
| | - Hao Li
- College of Ecology and Environment (Chengdu University of Technology), Chengdu 610059, China; Sichaun Institute of Geological Engineering Investigation Group Co., Ltd, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Jin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection (Chengdu University of Technology), Chengdu 610059, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Synergetic Control and Joint Remediation for Soil & Water Pollution (Chengdu University of Technology), Chengdu 610059, China; College of Ecology and Environment (Chengdu University of Technology), Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Nanfei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection (Chengdu University of Technology), Chengdu 610059, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Synergetic Control and Joint Remediation for Soil & Water Pollution (Chengdu University of Technology), Chengdu 610059, China; College of Ecology and Environment (Chengdu University of Technology), Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Yayan Wu
- Chengdu XingRong Environmental Technology Co. Ltd, Chengdu 610108, China
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Chen L, Zhou W, Luo L, Li Y, Chen Z, Gu Y, Chen Q, Deng O, Xu X, Lan T, Gao X, Zhang S, Deng L. Short-term responses of soil nutrients, heavy metals and microbial community to partial substitution of chemical fertilizer with spent mushroom substrates (SMS). Sci Total Environ 2022; 844:157064. [PMID: 35780897 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Currently, many spent mushroom substrates (SMS) are produced each year, which have the great potential to replace partial chemical fertilizer in agricultural production due to the high content of organic matter in SMS. However, how the replacement of chemical fertilizer by different SMS affected soil nutrients and contamination was less reported. Therefore, this study applied Enoki mushroom substrates (EMR), Agaricus bisporus substrates (ABR), or Auricularia auricula substrates (AAR) to replace 25 % chemical fertilizers (based on N fertilizer) with understanding the role of SMS replacement in affecting soil nutrients, heavy metals, and microbial community via the short-term field study, respectively. Compared to chemical fertilizer (CF), the contents of organic matter (OM), total P (TP), and K (TK) in SMS replaced soils were significantly increased by 1.96-4.22, 0.08-0.12, and 0.03-0.53 g kg-1, respectively. Among three SMS replacements, AAR demonstrated the highest increment of soil nutrients. On the other hand, EMR and ABR replacements reduced the contents of total and acid-soluble Cd, Pb, and As by 7.94-30.32 % and 0-31.61 % in soils relative to CF, respectively. Unlike EMR and ABR, AAR reduced 11.08-16.04 % of total Cd, Pb, and As but increased 62.58 % acid-soluble As in soils. Furthermore, it was found that all SMS replacements increased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, while ABR also increased the relative abundance of Actinobacteria in soils compared to CF. Besides, EMR and ABR replacements increased the relative abundance of Mortierellomycota relative to CF. Finally, it can be known that partial replacement of chemical fertilizer by SMS could elevate soil nutrients (especially AAR) and reduce heavy metals (especially EMR), which further improved microbial diversity and community composition. This study provides information on applying SMS to replace partial chemical fertilizer to elevate nutrients and reduce heavy metals contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludan Chen
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Wei Zhou
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China.
| | - Ling Luo
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Yirong Li
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Yunfu Gu
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Qiang Chen
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Ouping Deng
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Xiaoxun Xu
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Ting Lan
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Xuesong Gao
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Shirong Zhang
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Liangji Deng
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
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Yang S, Zou H, Cheng Y, Tao E. Immobilizing chromium in tannery sludge via adding collagen protein waste: an in-depth study on mechanism. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:30337-30347. [PMID: 34997490 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17919-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Owing to containing high fraction of organic matter, the tannery sludge seemed to be fit for composting. Actually, it was intensively harmful to the environment, due to containing chromium (Cr). So it might undergo a long time of storage until finding a proper way to dispose it. In the storage period, it would expose the surrounding environment a risk via releasing Cr. In this study, an approach was proposed to minimize the amount of released Cr, and reveal the mechanism on immobilizing Cr. Collagen protein waste (CPW) was adopted to immobilize Cr, and it was evaluated via leaching experiment. The lowest leaching concentration of Cr was 12 mg/L, meeting the limits of related standard in China (GB 5085.3-2007, Tcr < 15 mg/L). Moreover, the compositions and functional groups of the optimum sample (12 mg/L) were also characterized, confirming that the dominant functional groups cross-linking with Cr were hydroxyl (-OH), carboxyl (-COOH), and epoxy (-COC). Importantly, density functional theory (DFT) calculation was also employed, suggesting that Cr was restrained by accepting electrons from O atoms donating by functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyi Yang
- College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory for Synthesis and Application of Functional Compounds, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center of Experiment Management, Bohai University, Jinzhou, 121013, China
| | - Hongtao Zou
- College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
| | - Ying Cheng
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory for Synthesis and Application of Functional Compounds, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center of Experiment Management, Bohai University, Jinzhou, 121013, China
| | - E Tao
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory for Synthesis and Application of Functional Compounds, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center of Experiment Management, Bohai University, Jinzhou, 121013, China
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Yang Z, Chang J, Li X, Zhang K, Wang Y. The Effects of the Long-Term Freeze–Thaw Cycles on the Forms of Heavy Metals in Solidified/Stabilized Lead–Zinc–Cadmium Composite Heavy Metals Contaminated Soil. Applied Sciences 2022; 12:2934. [DOI: 10.3390/app12062934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Heavy metals (HMs) exist in nature in different forms, and the more unstable the form of an HM, the higher its toxicity and bioavailability. The content of HMs in stable fractions can increase significantly through the stabilization/solidification (S/S) technology. Still, external environments such as freeze–thaw (F–T) cycles will affect the stability of HMs directly. Therefore, a long-term F–T study of S/S Pb–Zn–Cd composite HM-contaminated soil was conducted under six conditions (0, 3, 7, 14, 30, and 90 cycles) with each F–T cycle process up to 24 h. The improved Tessier method was employed, and the results show that the S/S technology makes HMs transform to a more stable fraction. Still, the transformation efficiency is different for each HM. More than 98% of lead and zinc were converted to stable forms, while for cadmium, there are only 75.1%. Meanwhile, the S/S HMs were rapidly transformed into unstable forms at 0–14 cycles, but after 14 cycles, the transformation speed was significantly reduced. Among stable forms, it is mainly that the carbonate-bound fraction of HMs changes to unstable forms, and the characteristic peaks of carbonate stretching vibration were found at 874 cm−1, and 1420 cm−1 by Fourier infrared spectroscopy proves the presence of carbonate-bound substances. As a result of this study, the change trend of contaminated soil with S/S HMs under the effect of long-term F–T cycle was revealed, and the crisis point of pollution prevention and control was found, which provides some theoretical basis for the safety of soil remediation project.
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Xie C, Liu J, Liang J, Xie W, Evrendilek F, Li W. Optimizing environmental pollution controls in response to textile dyeing sludge, incineration temperature, CaO conditioner, and ash minerals. Sci Total Environ 2021; 785:147219. [PMID: 33930813 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics of heavy metal speciation and flue gas emissions during the incineration of textile dyeing sludge (TDS) were quantified as a function of four addition levels of CaO, incineration temperature, and ash minerals using thermogravimetric analysis and experimental tube furnace. The TDS incineration was most improved with the addition of 10% CaO. The increased fractions of CaO coupled with the ash minerals changed the retention behaviors of eight heavy metals. The CaO addition increased the Cu, Zn, As, and Pb retentions, did not significantly change Cr, Mn, and Cd, but decreased the Ni retention. The CaO addition enhanced the speciation stability of Cu and transferred the Cr, Cd, and As speciations to the mobile fractions. The increased temperature weakened the Zn and Pb retentions and the speciation stabilities of As and Pb and turned the Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Cd speciations into the stable fractions. The CaO addition inhibited HCN, NO, NO2, COS, SO2, CS2, and SO3 emissions from the TDS incineration. Neural network-based multi-response optimization was implemented to determine the optimal operational temperature for the TDS incineration and the reduction of the 12 gas emissions. The range of 640-755 °C with(out) 5% CaO appeared to be most beneficial in terms of both environmental quality and economic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candie Xie
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jingyong Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Jialin Liang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wuming Xie
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Fatih Evrendilek
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu 14052, Turkey
| | - Weixin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radioactive and Rare Resource Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Mining Applications, Guangdong 512026, China
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Wang JX, Xu DM, Fu RB, Chen JP. Bioavailability Assessment of Heavy Metals Using Various Multi-Element Extractants in an Indigenous Zinc Smelting Contaminated Site, Southwestern China. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:8560. [PMID: 34444310 PMCID: PMC8392273 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite recent studies have investigated the strong influences of smelting activities on heavy metal contamination in the soil environment, little studies have been conducted on the current information about the potential environmental risks posed by toxic heavy metals in smelting contaminated sites. In the present study, a combination of the bioavailability, speciation, and release kinetics of toxic heavy metals in the indigenous zinc smelting contaminated soil were reliably used as an effective tool to support site risk assessment. The bioavailability results revealed that the bioavailable metal concentrations were intrinsically dependent on the types of chemical extractants. Interestingly, 0.02 mol/L EDTA + 0.5 mol/L CH3COONH4 was found to be the best extractant, which extracted 30.21% of Cu, 31.54% of Mn, 2.39% of Ni and 28.89% of Zn, respectively. The sequential extraction results suggested that Cd, Pb, and Zn were the most mobile elements, which would pose the potential risks to the environment. The correlation of metal bioavailability with their fractionation implied that the exchangeable metal fractions were easily extracted by CaCl2 and Mehlich 1, while the carbonate and organic bound metal fractions could be extracted by EDTA and DTPA with stronger chelating ability. Moreover, the kinetic modeling results suggested that the chemical desorption mechanism might be the major factor controlling heavy metal release. These results could provide some valuable references for the risk assessment and management of heavy metals in the smelting contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Xian Wang
- Centre for Environmental Risk Management and Remediation of Soil and Groundwater, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China;
- Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Da-Mao Xu
- Centre for Environmental Risk Management and Remediation of Soil and Groundwater, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China;
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Rong-Bing Fu
- Centre for Environmental Risk Management and Remediation of Soil and Groundwater, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China;
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jia-Peng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China;
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