1
|
Arumugam MK, Perumal SK, Rasineni K, Donohue TM, Osna NA, Kharbanda KK. Lipidomic Analysis of Liver Lipid Droplets after Chronic Alcohol Consumption with and without Betaine Supplementation. Biology (Basel) 2023; 12:462. [PMID: 36979154 PMCID: PMC10045066 DOI: 10.3390/biology12030462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
The earliest manifestation of alcohol-associated liver disease is hepatic steatosis, which is characterized by fat accumulation in specialized organelles called lipid droplets (LDs). Our previous studies reported that alcohol consumption elevates the numbers and sizes of LDs in hepatocytes, which is attenuated by simultaneous treatment with the methyl group donor, betaine. Here, we examined changes in the hepatic lipidome with respect to LD size and dynamics in male Wistar rats fed for 6 weeks with control or ethanol-containing liquid diets that were supplemented with or without 10 mg betaine/mL. At the time of sacrifice, three hepatic LD fractions, LD1 (large droplets), LD2 (medium-sized droplets), and LD3 (small droplets) were isolated from each rat. Untargeted lipidomic analyses revealed that each LD fraction of ethanol-fed rats had higher phospholipids, cholesteryl esters, diacylglycerols, ceramides, and hexosylceramides compared with the corresponding fractions of pair-fed controls. Interestingly, the ratio of phosphatidylcholine to phosphatidylethanolamine (the two most abundant phospholipids on the LD surface) was lower in LD1 fraction compared with LD3 fraction, irrespective of treatment; however, this ratio was significantly lower in ethanol LD fractions compared with their respective control fractions. Betaine supplementation significantly attenuated the ethanol-induced lipidomic changes. These were mainly associated with the regulation of LD surface phospholipids, ceramides, and glycerolipid metabolism in different-sized LD fractions. In conclusion, our results show that ethanol-induced changes in the hepatic LD lipidome likely stabilizes larger-sized LDs during steatosis development. Furthermore, betaine supplementation could effectively reduce the size and dynamics of LDs to attenuate alcohol-associated hepatic steatosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madan Kumar Arumugam
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Center for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600119, India
| | - Sathish Kumar Perumal
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Karuna Rasineni
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Terrence M. Donohue
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Natalia A. Osna
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Kusum K. Kharbanda
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lai Q, Liu FM, Rao WL, Yuan GY, Fan ZY, Zhang L, Fu F, Kou JP, Yu BY, Li F. Aminoacylase-1 plays a key role in myocardial fibrosis and the therapeutic effects of 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 in mouse heart failure. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:2003-2015. [PMID: 34916608 PMCID: PMC9343399 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00830-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously found that the levels of metabolite N-acetylglutamine were significantly increased in urine samples of patients with heart failure (HF) and in coronary artery ligation (CAL)-induced HF mice, whereas the expression of its specific metabolic-degrading enzyme aminoacylase-1 (ACY1) was markedly decreased. In the current study, we investigated the role of ACY1 in the pathogenesis of HF and the therapeutic effects of 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 in HF experimental models in vivo and in vitro. HF was induced in mice by CAL. The mice were administered Rg3 (7.5, 15, 30 mg · kg-1· d-1, i.g.), or positive drug metoprolol (Met, 5.14 mg · kg-1· d-1, i.g.), or ACY1 inhibitor mono-tert-butyl malonate (MTBM, 5 mg · kg-1 · d-1, i.p.) for 14 days. We showed that administration of MTBM significantly exacerbated CAL-induced myocardial injury, aggravated cardiac dysfunction, and pathological damages, and promoted myocardial fibrosis in CAL mice. In Ang II-induced mouse cardiac fibroblasts (MCFs) model, overexpression of ACY1 suppressed the expression of COL3A1 and COL1A via inhibiting TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway, whereas ACY1-siRNA promoted the cardiac fibrosis responses. We showed that a high dose of Rg3 (30 mg · kg-1· d-1) significantly decreased the content of N-acetylglutamine, increased the expression of ACY1, and inhibited TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway in CAL mice; Rg3 (25 μM) exerted similar effects in Ang II-treated MCFs. Meanwhile, Rg3 treatment ameliorated cardiac function and pathological features, and it also attenuated myocardial fibrosis in vivo and in vitro. In Ang II-treated MCFs, the effects of Rg3 on collagen deposition and TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway were slightly enhanced by overexpression of ACY1, whereas ACY1 siRNA partially weakened the beneficial effects of Rg3, suggesting that Rg3 might suppress myocardial fibrosis through ACY1. Our study demonstrates that N-acetylglutamine may be a potential biomarker of HF and its specific metabolic-degrading enzyme ACY1 could be a potential therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of myocardial fibrosis during the development of HF. Rg3 attenuates myocardial fibrosis to ameliorate HF through increasing ACY1 expression and inhibiting TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway, which provides some references for further development of anti-fibrotic drugs for HF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Lai
- grid.254147.10000 0000 9776 7793Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198 China
| | - Fu-ming Liu
- grid.410745.30000 0004 1765 1045Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - Wang-lin Rao
- grid.254147.10000 0000 9776 7793Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198 China
| | - Guang-ying Yuan
- grid.254147.10000 0000 9776 7793Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198 China
| | - Zhao-yang Fan
- grid.254147.10000 0000 9776 7793Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198 China
| | - Lu Zhang
- grid.254147.10000 0000 9776 7793Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198 China
| | - Fei Fu
- grid.254147.10000 0000 9776 7793Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198 China
| | - Jun-ping Kou
- grid.254147.10000 0000 9776 7793Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198 China
| | - Bo-yang Yu
- grid.254147.10000 0000 9776 7793Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198 China
| | - Fang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Charkoftaki G, Tan WY, Berrios-Carcamo P, Orlicky DJ, Golla JP, Garcia-Milian R, Aalizadeh R, Thomaidis NS, Thompson DC, Vasiliou V. Liver metabolomics identifies bile acid profile changes at early stages of alcoholic liver disease in mice. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 360:109931. [PMID: 35429548 PMCID: PMC9364420 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.109931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol consumption is a global healthcare problem with enormous social, economic, and clinical consequences. The liver sustains the earliest and the greatest degree of tissue injury due to chronic alcohol consumption and it has been estimated that alcoholic liver disease (ALD) accounts for almost 50% of all deaths from cirrhosis in the world. In this study, we used a modified Lieber-DeCarli (LD) diet to treat mice with alcohol and simulate chronic alcohol drinking. Using an untargeted metabolomics approach, our aim was to identify the various metabolites and pathways that are altered in the early stages of ALD. Histopathology showed minimal changes in the liver after 6 weeks of alcohol consumption. However, untargeted metabolomics analyses identified 304 metabolic features that were either up- or down-regulated in the livers of ethanol-consuming mice. Pathway analysis revealed significant alcohol-induced alterations, the most significant of which was in the FXR/RXR activation pathway. Targeted metabolomics focusing on bile acid biosynthesis showed elevated taurine-conjugated cholic acid compounds in ethanol-consuming mice. In summary, we showed that the changes in the liver metabolome manifest very early in the development of ALD, and when minimal changes in liver histopathology have occurred. Although alterations in biochemical pathways indicate a complex pathology in the very early stages of alcohol consumption, bile acid changes may serve as biomarkers of the early onset of ALD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Charkoftaki
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Wan Ying Tan
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Pablo Berrios-Carcamo
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Center for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile
| | - David J Orlicky
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jaya Prakash Golla
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Rolando Garcia-Milian
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Bioinformatics Support Program, Cushing/Whitney Medical Library, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06210, USA
| | - Reza Aalizadeh
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National Kapodistrian University of Athens University Campus, Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos S Thomaidis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National Kapodistrian University of Athens University Campus, Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - David C Thompson
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Vasilis Vasiliou
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ismaeel A, Laudato JA, Fletcher E, Papoutsi E, Tice A, Hwa LS, Miserlis D, Jamurtas AZ, Steiner J, Koutakis P. High-Fat Diet Augments the Effect of Alcohol on Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:1016. [PMID: 35267991 PMCID: PMC8912391 DOI: 10.3390/nu14051016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that chronic heavy alcohol consumption and consumption of a high-fat (HF) diet can independently contribute to skeletal muscle oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, yet the concurrent effect of these risk factors remains unclear. We aimed to assess the effect of alcohol and different dietary compositions on mitochondrial activity and oxidative stress markers. Male and female mice were randomized to an alcohol (EtOH)-free HF diet, a HF + EtOH diet, or a low-Fat (LF) + EtOH diet for 6 weeks. At the end of the study, electron transport chain complex activity and expression as well as antioxidant activity and expression, were measured in skeletal muscles. Complex I and III activity were diminished in muscles of mice fed a HF + EtOH diet relative to the EtOH-free HF diet. Lipid peroxidation was elevated, and antioxidant activity was diminished, in muscles of mice fed a HF + EtOH diet as well. Consumption of a HF diet may exacerbate the negative effects of alcohol on skeletal muscle mitochondrial health and oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ismaeel
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA; (A.I.); (E.F.); (E.P.)
| | - Joseph A. Laudato
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA; (J.A.L.); (A.T.); (J.S.)
| | - Emma Fletcher
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA; (A.I.); (E.F.); (E.P.)
| | - Evlampia Papoutsi
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA; (A.I.); (E.F.); (E.P.)
| | - Abigail Tice
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA; (J.A.L.); (A.T.); (J.S.)
| | - Lara S. Hwa
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA;
| | - Dimitrios Miserlis
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA;
| | - Athanasios Z. Jamurtas
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece;
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece
| | - Jennifer Steiner
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA; (J.A.L.); (A.T.); (J.S.)
| | - Panagiotis Koutakis
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA; (A.I.); (E.F.); (E.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kärkkäinen O, Farokhnia M, Klåvus A, Auriola S, Lehtonen M, Deschaine SL, Piacentino D, Abshire KM, Jackson SN, Leggio L. Effect of intravenous ghrelin administration, combined with alcohol, on circulating metabolome in heavy drinking individuals with alcohol use disorder. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2021; 45:2207-2216. [PMID: 34590334 PMCID: PMC8642277 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ghrelin may influence several alcohol-related behaviors in animals and humans by modulating central and/or peripheral biological pathways. The aim of this exploratory analysis was to investigate associations between ghrelin administration and the human circulating metabolome during alcohol exposure in nontreatment seeking, heavy drinking individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD). METHODS We used serum samples from a randomized, crossover, double-blind, placebo-controlled human laboratory study with intravenous (IV) ghrelin or placebo infusion in two experiments. During each session, participants received a loading dose (3 µg/kg) followed by continuous infusion (16.9 ng/kg/min) of acyl ghrelin or placebo. The first experiment included an IV alcohol self-administration (IV-ASA) session and the second experiment included an IV alcohol clamp (IV-AC) session, both with the counterbalanced infusion of ghrelin or placebo. Serum metabolite profiles were analyzed from repeated blood samples collected during each session. RESULTS In both experiments, ghrelin infusion was associated with an altered serum metabolite profile, including significantly increased levels of cortisol (IV-ASA q-value = 0.0003 and IV-AC q < 0.0001), corticosterone (IV-ASA q = 0.0202 and IV-AC q < 0.0001), and glycochenodeoxycholic acid (IV-ASA q = 0.0375 and IV-AC q = 0.0013). In the IV-ASA experiment, ghrelin infusion increased levels of cortisone (q = 0.0352) and fatty acids 18:1 (q = 0.0406) and 18:3 (q = 0.0320). Moreover, in the IV-AC experiment, ghrelin infusion significantly increased levels of glycocholic acid (q < 0.0001) and phenylalanine (q = 0.0458). CONCLUSION IV ghrelin infusion, combined with IV alcohol administration, was associated with increases in the circulating metabolite levels of corticosteroids and glycine-conjugated bile acids, among other changes. Further research is needed to understand the role that metabolomic changes play in the complex interaction between ghrelin and alcohol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olli Kärkkäinen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mehdi Farokhnia
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, Baltimore and Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anton Klåvus
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Seppo Auriola
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marko Lehtonen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sara L. Deschaine
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, Baltimore and Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Daria Piacentino
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, Baltimore and Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Center on Compulsive Behaviors, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kelly M. Abshire
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, Baltimore and Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Shelley N. Jackson
- Translational Analytical Core, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lorenzo Leggio
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, Baltimore and Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Center on Compulsive Behaviors, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Translational Analytical Core, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Medication Development Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Division of Addiction Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Israelsen M, Kim M, Suvitaival T, Madsen BS, Hansen CD, Torp N, Trost K, Thiele M, Hansen T, Legido-Quigley C, Krag A. Comprehensive lipidomics reveals phenotypic differences in hepatic lipid turnover in ALD and NAFLD during alcohol intoxication. JHEP Rep 2021; 3:100325. [PMID: 34401690 PMCID: PMC8350545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2021.100325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims In experimental models, alcohol induces acute changes in lipid metabolism that cause hepatocyte lipoapoptosis and inflammation. Here we study human hepatic lipid turnover during controlled alcohol intoxication. Methods We studied 39 participants with 3 distinct hepatic phenotypes: alcohol-related liver disease (ALD), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and healthy controls. Alcohol was administrated via nasogastric tube over 30 min. Hepatic and systemic venous blood was sampled simultaneously at 3 time points: baseline, 60, and 180 min after alcohol intervention. Liver biopsies were sampled 240 min after alcohol intervention. We used ultra-high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry to measure levels of more than 250 lipid species from the blood and liver samples. Results After alcohol intervention, the levels of blood free fatty acid (FFA) and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) decreased, while triglyceride (TG) increased. FFA was the only lipid class to decrease in NAFLD after alcohol intervention, whereas LPC and FFA decreased and TG increased after intervention in ALD and healthy controls. Fatty acid chain uptake preference in FFAs and LPCs were oleic acid, linoleic acid, arachidonic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid. Hepatic venous blood FFA and LPC levels were lower when compared with systemic venous blood levels throughout the intervention. After alcohol intoxication, liver lipidome in ALD was similar to that in NAFLD. Conclusions Alcohol intoxication induces rapid changes in circulating lipids including hepatic turnaround from FFA and LPC, potentially leading to lipoapoptosis and steatohepatitis. TG clearance was suppressed in NAFLD, possibly explaining why alcohol and NAFLD are synergistic risk factors for disease progression. These effects may be central to the pathogenesis of ALD. Clinical Trials Registration The study is registered at Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03018990). Lay summary We report that alcohol induces hepatic extraction of free unsaturated fatty acids and lysophosphatidylcholines, hepatotoxic lipids which have not been previously associated with alcohol-induced liver injury. We also found that individuals with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease have reduced lipid turnover during alcohol intoxication when compared with people with alcohol-related fatty liver disease. This may explain why alcohol is particularly more harmful in people with non-alcoholic fatty liver and why elevated BMI and alcohol have a synergistic effect on the risk of liver-related death. Alcohol intoxication induces rapid changes in the profile of circulating lipids. Alcohol has a profound effect on monosaturated fatty acids. Triglyceride clearance is suppressed in NAFLD during alcohol intoxication. Hepatic lipid turnover differentiates ALD and NAFLD during alcohol intoxication. A suppressed metabolic response may explain why alcohol is particularly harmful in NAFLD.
Collapse
Key Words
- ALD, alcohol-related liver disease
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- AST, asparagine aminotransferase
- Alcohol
- CTL, healthy control
- Cer, ceramide
- DG, diglyceride
- Ethanol
- FFA, free fatty acid
- Fatty acids
- GGT, gamma-glutamyl transferase
- HOMA-IR, Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance
- Heavy drinking
- HexCer, hexosylceramide
- LPC, lysophosphatidylcholine
- LPE, lysophosphatidylethanolamine
- LacCer, lactosylceramides
- Lipidomics
- Liver disease
- Lysophosphatidylcholines
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- P-glucose, plasma glucose
- PC, phosphatidylcholine
- PE, phosphatidylethanolamine
- PI, phosphatidylinositol
- PLA2, phospholipase A2
- QC, quality control
- SHexCer, sulfatides hexosylceramide
- SM, sphingomyelin
- TE, transient elastography
- TG, triglyceride
- Triglycerides
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mads Israelsen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
- OPEN Open Patient data Explorative Network, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Min Kim
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | | | - Bjørn Stæhr Madsen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Camilla Dalby Hansen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Nikolaj Torp
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Kajetan Trost
- Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maja Thiele
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Aleksander Krag
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
- Corresponding author. Address: Odense Liver Research Centre, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Raja G, Gupta H, Gebru YA, Youn GS, Choi YR, Kim HS, Yoon SJ, Kim DJ, Kim TJ, Suk KT. Recent Advances of Microbiome-Associated Metabolomics Profiling in Liver Disease: Principles, Mechanisms, and Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1160. [PMID: 33503844 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in high-throughput screening of metabolic stability in liver and gut microbiota are able to identify and quantify small-molecule metabolites (metabolome) in different cellular microenvironments that are closest to their phenotypes. Metagenomics and metabolomics are largely recognized to be the “-omics” disciplines for clinical therapeutic screening. Here, metabolomics activity screening in liver disease (LD) and gut microbiomes has significantly delivered the integration of metabolomics data (i.e., a set of endogenous metabolites) with metabolic pathways in cellular environments that can be tested for biological functions (i.e., phenotypes). A growing literature in LD and gut microbiomes reports the use of metabolites as therapeutic targets or biomarkers. Although growing evidence connects liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma, the genetic and metabolic factors are still mainly unknown. Herein, we reviewed proof-of-concept mechanisms for metabolomics-based LD and gut microbiotas’ role from several studies (nuclear magnetic resonance, gas/lipid chromatography, spectroscopy coupled with mass spectrometry, and capillary electrophoresis). A deeper understanding of these axes is a prerequisite for optimizing therapeutic strategies to improve liver health.
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
INTRODUCTION NMR metabolomics is increasingly used in forensics, due to the possibility of investigating both endogenous metabolic profiles and exogenous molecules that may help to describe metabolic patterns and their modifications associated to specific conditions of forensic interest. OBJECTIVES The aim of this work was to review the recent literature and depict the information provided by NMR metabolomics. Attention has been devoted to the identification of peculiar metabolic signatures and specific ante-mortem and post-mortem profiles or biomarkers related to different conditions of forensic concern, such as the identification of biological traces, the estimation of the time since death, and the exposure to drugs of abuse. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The results of the described studies highlight how forensics can benefit from NMR metabolomics by gaining additional information that may help to shed light in several forensic issues that still deserve to be further elucidated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Locci
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Section of Legal Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Legal Medicine Section, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Bazzano
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Section of Legal Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alberto Chighine
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Section of Legal Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Francesco Locco
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Section of Legal Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Ernesto Ferraro
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Section of Legal Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Roberto Demontis
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Section of Legal Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Ernesto d'Aloja
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Section of Legal Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Deda O, Virgiliou C, Armitage EG, Orfanidis A, Taitzoglou I, Wilson ID, Loftus N, Gika HG. Metabolic Phenotyping Study of Mouse Brains Following Acute or Chronic Exposures to Ethanol. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:4071-4081. [PMID: 32786683 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The chronic and acute effect of ethanol administration on the metabolic phenotype of mouse brain was studied in a C57BL/6 mouse model of ethanol abuse using both untargeted and targeted ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Two experiments based on either chronic (8 week) exposure to ethanol of both male and female mice or acute exposure of male mice for 11 days, plus 2 oral gavage doses of 25% ethanol, were undertaken. Marked differences were found in amino acids, nucleotides, nucleosides, and related metabolites as well as a number of different lipids. Using untargeted metabolite profiling, acute ethanol exposure found significant decreases in several metabolites including nucleosides, fatty acids, glycerophosphocholine, and a number of phospholipids, while chronic exposure resulted in increases in several amino acids with notable decreases in adenosine, acetylcarnitine, and galactosylceramides. Similarly, targeted metabolite analysis, focusing on the hydrophilic fraction of the brain tissue extract, identified significant decreases in the metabolism of amino acids and derivatives, as well as purine degradation especially after chronic exposure to ethanol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Deda
- Laboratory of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Department of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece.,Biomic_Auth, Bioanalysis and Omics Lab, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Innovation Area of Thessaloniki, Thermi 57001, Greece
| | - Christina Virgiliou
- Biomic_Auth, Bioanalysis and Omics Lab, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Innovation Area of Thessaloniki, Thermi 57001, Greece.,Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | | | - Amvrosios Orfanidis
- Laboratory of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Department of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Ioannis Taitzoglou
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Ian D Wilson
- Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Neil Loftus
- Shimadzu Corporation, Manchester M17 1GP, U.K
| | - Helen G Gika
- Laboratory of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Department of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece.,Biomic_Auth, Bioanalysis and Omics Lab, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Innovation Area of Thessaloniki, Thermi 57001, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Valcin JA, Udoh US, Swain TM, Andringa KK, Patel CR, Al Diffalha S, Baker PRS, Gamble KL, Bailey SM. Alcohol and Liver Clock Disruption Increase Small Droplet Macrosteatosis, Alter Lipid Metabolism and Clock Gene mRNA Rhythms, and Remodel the Triglyceride Lipidome in Mouse Liver. Front Physiol 2020; 11:1048. [PMID: 33013449 PMCID: PMC7504911 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.01048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy alcohol drinking dysregulates lipid metabolism, promoting hepatic steatosis – the first stage of alcohol-related liver disease (ALD). The molecular circadian clock plays a major role in synchronizing daily rhythms in behavior and metabolism and clock disruption can cause pathology, including liver disease. Previous studies indicate that alcohol consumption alters liver clock function, but the impact alcohol or clock disruption, or both have on the temporal control of hepatic lipid metabolism and injury remains unclear. Here, we undertook studies to determine whether genetic disruption of the liver clock exacerbates alterations in lipid metabolism and worsens steatosis in alcohol-fed mice. To address this question, male liver-specific Bmal1 knockout (LKO) and flox/flox (Fl/Fl) control mice were fed a control or alcohol-containing diet for 5 weeks. Alcohol significantly dampened diurnal rhythms of mRNA levels in clock genes Bmal1 and Dbp, phase advanced Nr1d1/REV-ERBα, and induced arrhythmicity in Clock, Noct, and Nfil3/E4BP4, with further disruption in livers of LKO mice. Alcohol-fed LKO mice exhibited higher plasma triglyceride (TG) and different time-of-day patterns of hepatic TG and macrosteatosis, with elevated levels of small droplet macrosteatosis compared to alcohol-fed Fl/Fl mice. Diurnal rhythms in mRNA levels of lipid metabolism transcription factors (Srebf1, Nr1h2, and Ppara) were significantly altered by alcohol and clock disruption. Alcohol and/or clock disruption significantly altered diurnal rhythms in mRNA levels of fatty acid (FA) synthesis and oxidation (Acaca/b, Mlycd, Cpt1a, Fasn, Elovl5/6, and Fads1/2), TG turnover (Gpat1, Agpat1/2, Lpin1/2, Dgat2, and Pnpla2/3), and lipid droplet (Plin2/5, Lipe, Mgll, and Abdh5) genes, along with protein abundances of p-ACC, MCD, and FASN. Lipidomics analyses showed that alcohol, clock disruption, or both significantly altered FA saturation and remodeled the FA composition of the hepatic TG pool, with higher percentages of several long and very long chain FA in livers of alcohol-fed LKO mice. In conclusion, these results show that the liver clock is important for maintaining temporal control of hepatic lipid metabolism and that disrupting the liver clock exacerbates alcohol-related hepatic steatosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Valcin
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Uduak S Udoh
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Telisha M Swain
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Kelly K Andringa
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Chirag R Patel
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Sameer Al Diffalha
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | | | - Karen L Gamble
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Shannon M Bailey
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ioannou GN, Nagana Gowda GA, Djukovic D, Raftery D. Distinguishing NASH Histological Severity Using a Multiplatform Metabolomics Approach. Metabolites 2020; 10:E168. [PMID: 32344559 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10040168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is categorized based on histological severity into nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). We used a multiplatform metabolomics approach to identify metabolite markers and metabolic pathways that distinguish NAFL from early NASH and advanced NASH. We analyzed fasting serum samples from 57 prospectively-recruited patients with histologically-proven NAFLD, including 12 with NAFL, 31 with early NASH and 14 with advanced NASH. Metabolite profiling was performed using a combination of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy analyzed with multivariate statistical and pathway analysis tools. We targeted 237 metabolites of which 158 were quantified. Multivariate analysis uncovered metabolite profile clusters for patients with NAFL, early NASH, and advanced NASH. Also, multiple individual metabolites were associated with histological severity, most notably spermidine which was more than 2-fold lower in advanced fibrosis vs. early fibrosis, in advanced NASH vs. NAFL and in advanced NASH vs. early NASH, suggesting that spermidine exercises a protective effect against development of fibrosing NASH. Furthermore, the results also showed metabolic pathway perturbations between early-NASH and advanced-NASH. In conclusion, using a combination of two reliable analytical platforms (LC-MS and NMR spectroscopy) we identified individual metabolites, metabolite clusters and metabolic pathways that were significantly different between NAFL, early-NASH, and advanced-NASH. These differences provide mechanistic insights as well as potentially important metabolic biomarker candidates that may noninvasively distinguish patients with NAFL, early-NASH, and advanced-NASH. The associations of spermidine levels with less advanced histology merit further assessment of the potential protective effects of spermidine in NAFLD.
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is the most prevalent type of chronic liver disease with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. ALD begins with simple hepatic steatosis and progresses to alcoholic steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. The severity of hepatic steatosis is highly associated with the development of later stages of ALD. This review explores the disturbances of alcohol-induced hepatic lipid metabolism through altered hepatic lipid uptake, de novo lipid synthesis, fatty acid oxidation, hepatic lipid export, and lipid droplet formation and catabolism. In addition, we review emerging data on the contributions of genetics and bioactive lipid metabolism in alcohol-induced hepatic lipid accumulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sookyoung Jeon
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Rotonya Carr
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Liang YJ, Wang P, Long DX, Wang HP, Sun YJ, Wu YJ. The progressive alteration of urine metabolomic profiles of rats following long-term and low-dose exposure to permethrin. Biomarkers 2019; 25:94-99. [PMID: 31762333 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2019.1697755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background: Permethrin is a type of widely used pyrethroid pesticide. Although acute toxicity of permethrin has been well-characterised, the non-acute toxicity of permethrin upon long-term exposure at low dose has been seldom studied yet. The current study investigates the time-course change of the metabolomic profiles of urine following the low level long-term exposure of permethrin and identified biomarkers of the chronic toxicity of permethrin.Methods: Male Wistar rats were administrated orally with permethrin (75 mg/kg body weight/day, 1/20 LD50) daily for consecutive 90 days. The urine samples from day 30, day 60, and day 90 after the first dosing were collected and analysed by 1H NMR spectrometry. Serum biochemical analysis was also carried out.Results: Permethrin caused significant changes in the urine metabolites such as taurine, creatinine, acetate, lactate, dimethylamine, dimethylglycine, and trimethylamine-N-oxide. These biological markers indicated prominent kidney and liver toxicity induced by permethrin. However, there was no change in serum biochemical parameters for the toxicity, indicating that metabolomic approach was much more sensitive in detecting the chronic toxicity.Conclusion: The time-course alteration of metabolomic profiles of the urine based on 1H NMR reflects the progressive development of the chronic toxicity with the long-term low-level exposure of permethrin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jie Liang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, PR China.,Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Pan Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ding-Xin Long
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Hui-Ping Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ying-Jian Sun
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yi-Jun Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chen Y, Manna SK, Golla S, Krausz KW, Cai Y, Garcia-Milian R, Chakraborty T, Chakraborty J, Chatterjee R, Thompson DC, Gonzalez FJ, Vasiliou V. Glutathione deficiency-elicited reprogramming of hepatic metabolism protects against alcohol-induced steatosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 143:127-139. [PMID: 31351176 PMCID: PMC6848780 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Depletion of glutathione (GSH) is considered a critical pathogenic event promoting alcohol-induced lipotoxicity. We recently show that systemic GSH deficiency in mice harboring a global disruption of the glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (Gclm) gene confers protection against alcohol-induced steatosis. While several molecular pathways have been linked to the observed hepatic protection, including nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and AMP-activated protein kinase pathways, the precise mechanisms are yet to be defined. In this study, to gain insights into the molecular mechanisms underpinning the protective effects of loss of GCLM, global profiling of hepatic polar metabolites combined with liver microarray analysis was carried out. These inter-omics analyses revealed both low GSH- and alcohol-driven changes in multiple cellular pathways involving the metabolism of amino acids, fatty acid, glucose and nucleic acids. Notably, several metabolic changes were uniquely present in alcohol-treated Gclm-null mouse livers, including acetyl-CoA enrichment and diversion of acetyl-CoA flux from lipogenesis to alterative metabolic pathways, elevation in glutamate concentration, and induction of the glucuronate pathway and nucleotide biosynthesis. These metabolic features reflect low GSH-elicited cellular response to chronic alcohol exposure, which is beneficial for the maintenance of hepatic redox and metabolic homeostasis. The current study indicates that fine-tuning of hepatic GSH pool may evoke metabolic reprogramming to cope with alcohol-induced cellular stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, 06521, USA
| | - Soumen K Manna
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics-HBNI, Kolkata, 700064, India
| | - Srujana Golla
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Kristopher W Krausz
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Yan Cai
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20852, USA
| | | | - Tanushree Chakraborty
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics-HBNI, Kolkata, 700064, India
| | | | | | - David C Thompson
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Colorado AMC, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Vasilis Vasiliou
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, 06521, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hudson SV, Miller HA, Mahlbacher GE, Saforo D, Beverly LJ, Arteel GE, Frieboes HB. Computational/experimental evaluation of liver metastasis post hepatic injury: interactions with macrophages and transitional ECM. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15077. [PMID: 31636296 PMCID: PMC6803648 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51249-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex interactions between subclinical changes to hepatic extracellular matrix (ECM) in response to injury and tumor-associated macrophage microenvironmental cues facilitating metastatic cell seeding remain poorly understood. This study implements a combined computational modeling and experimental approach to evaluate tumor growth following hepatic injury, focusing on ECM remodeling and interactions with local macrophages. Experiments were performed to determine ECM density and macrophage-associated cytokine levels. Effects of ECM remodeling along with macrophage polarization on tumor growth were evaluated via computational modeling. For primary or metastatic cells in co-culture with macrophages, TNF-α levels were 5× higher with M1 vs. M2 macrophages. Metastatic cell co-culture exhibited 10× higher TNF-α induction than with primary tumor cells. Although TGFβ1 induction was similar between both co-cultures, levels were slightly higher with primary cells in the presence of M1. Simulated metastatic tumors exhibited decreased growth compared to primary tumors, due to high local M1-induced cytotoxicity, even in a highly vascularized microenvironment. Experimental analysis combined with computational modeling may provide insight into interactions between ECM remodeling, macrophage polarization, and liver tumor growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanice V Hudson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Hunter A Miller
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Grace E Mahlbacher
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Douglas Saforo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Levi J Beverly
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA.,James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Gavin E Arteel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.,University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Hermann B Frieboes
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA. .,Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA. .,James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Deda O, Virgiliou C, Orfanidis A, Gika HG. Study of Fecal and Urinary Metabolite Perturbations Induced by Chronic Ethanol Treatment in Mice by UHPLC-MS/MS Targeted Profiling. Metabolites 2019; 9:E232. [PMID: 31623107 PMCID: PMC6836053 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9100232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) as a consequence of ethanol chronic consumption could lead to hepatic cirrhosis that is linked to high morbidity and mortality. Disease diagnosis is still very challenging and usually clear findings are obtained in the later stage of ALD. The profound effect of ethanol on metabolism can be depicted using metabolomics; thus, the discovery of novel biomarkers could shed light on the initiation and the progression of the ALD, serving diagnostic purposes. In the present study, Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography tandem Mass Spectrometry HILIC-MS/MS based metabolomics analyisis of urine and fecal samples of C57BL/6 mice of both sexes at two sampling time points was performed, monitoring the effect of eight-week ethanol consumption. The altered hepatic metabolism caused by ethanol consumption induces extensive biochemical perturbations and changes in gut microbiota population on a great scale. Fecal samples were proven to be a suitable specimen for studying ALD since it was more vulnerable to the metabolic changes in comparison to urine samples. The metabolome of male mice was affected on a greater scale than the female metabolome due to ethanol exposure. Precursor small molecules of essential pathways of energy production responded to ethanol exposure. A meaningful correlation between the two studied specimens demonstrated the impact of ethanol in endogenous and symbiome metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Deda
- Department of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (KEDEK), 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Christina Virgiliou
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (KEDEK), 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece.
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Amvrosios Orfanidis
- Department of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (KEDEK), 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Helen G Gika
- Department of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (KEDEK), 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Fibrosis is the abnormal deposition of extracellular matrix, which can lead to organ dysfunction, morbidity, and death. The disease burden caused by fibrosis is substantial, and there are currently no therapies that can prevent or reverse fibrosis. Metabolic alterations are increasingly recognized as an important pathogenic process that underlies fibrosis across many organ types. As a result, metabolically targeted therapies could become important strategies for fibrosis reduction. Indeed, some of the pathways targeted by antifibrotic drugs in development - such as the activation of transforming growth factor-β and the deposition of extracellular matrix - have metabolic implications. This Review summarizes the evidence to date and describes novel opportunities for the discovery and development of drugs for metabolic reprogramming, their associated challenges, and their utility in reducing fibrosis. Fibrotic therapies are potentially relevant to numerous common diseases such as cirrhosis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, chronic renal disease, heart failure, diabetes, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and scleroderma.
Collapse
|
18
|
Clugston RD, Gao MA, Blaner WS. The Hepatic Lipidome: A Gateway to Understanding the Pathogenes is of Alcohol-Induced Fatty Liver. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2019; 10:195-206. [PMID: 26278391 DOI: 10.2174/1874467208666150817111419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Chronic alcohol consumption can lead to the development of alcoholic fatty liver disease. The underlying pathogenic mechanisms however, have not been fully elucidated. Here, we review the current state of the art regarding the application of lipidomics to study alcohol's effect on hepatic lipids. It is clear that alcohol has a profound effect on the hepatic lipidome, with documented changes in the major lipid categories (i.e. fatty acyls, glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, sterol lipids and prenol lipids). Alcohol's most striking effect is the marked change in the hepatic fatty acyl pool. This effect includes increased levels of 18-carbon fatty acyl chains incorporated into multiple lipid species, as well as a general shift toward increased unsaturation of fatty acyl moieties. In addition to our literature review, we also make several recommendations to consider when designing lipidomic studies into alcohol's effects. These recommendations include integration of lipidomic data with other measures of lipid metabolism, inclusion of multiple experimental time points, and presentation of quantitative data. We believe rigorous analysis of the hepatic lipidome can yield new insight into the pathogenesis of alcohol-induced fatty liver. While the existing literature has been largely descriptive, the field is poised to apply lipidomics to yield a new level of understanding on alcohol's effects on hepatic lipid metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robin D Clugston
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7. Canada
| | - Madeleine A Gao
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032. United States
| | - William S Blaner
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032. United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Liu XJ, Zhang CE, Yu XH, Liu RX, Qin XM, Jia JD, Ma ZJ. Serum metabonomics characterization of liver fibrosis induced by bile duct-ligated in rats and the intervention effects of herb compound 861. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2019.1574815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jie Liu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, P. R. China
| | - Cong-En Zhang
- Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Hong Yu
- Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Rui-Xia Liu
- Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Mei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, P. R. China
| | - Ji-Dong Jia
- Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis
| | - Zhi-Jie Ma
- Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhou K, Ding X, Yang J, Hu Y, Song Y, Chen M, Sun R, Dong T, Xu B, Han X, Wu K, Zhang X, Wang X, Xia Y. Metabolomics Reveals Metabolic Changes Caused by Low-Dose 4-Tert-Octylphenol in Mice Liver. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2018; 15:ijerph15122686. [PMID: 30487447 PMCID: PMC6313621 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15122686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Background: Humans are constantly exposed to low concentrations of 4-tert-octylphenol (OP). However, studies investigating the effects of low-dose OP on the liver are scarce, and the mechanism of these effects has not been thoroughly elucidated to date. Methods: Adult male institute of cancer research (ICR) mice were exposed to low-dose OP (0, 0.01 and 1 μg/kg/day) for 7 consecutive days. Weights of mice were recorded daily during the experiment. Blood serum levels of OP, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were determined, and haematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining of the liver was performed. We applied an integrated metabolomic and enzyme gene expression analysis to investigate liver metabolic changes, and the gene expression of related metabolic enzymes was determined by real-time PCR and ELISA. Results: OP in blood serum was increased after OP exposure, while body weights of mice were unchanged. Liver weight and its organ coefficient were decreased significantly in the OP (1 μg/kg/day) group, but ALT and AST, as well as the HE staining results, were unchanged after OP treatment. The levels of cytidine, uridine, purine and N-acetylglutamine were increased significantly, and the level of vitamin B6 was decreased significantly in mice treated with OP (1 μg/kg/day). The mRNA and protein levels of Cda and Shmt1 were both increased significantly in OP (1 μg/kg/day)-treated mice. Conclusions: Through metabolomic analysis, our study firstly found that pyrimidine and purine synthesis were promoted and that N-acetylglutamine was upregulated after low-dose OP treatment, indicating that the treatment disturbed nucleic acid and amino acid metabolism in mice liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
| | - Xingwang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
| | - Jing Yang
- Experiment Center for Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yanhui Hu
- Safety Assessment and Research Center for Drug, Pesticide, and Veterinary Drug of Jiangsu Province, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
| | - Yun Song
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
| | - Minjian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
| | - Rongli Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Tianyu Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
| | - Bo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
| | - Xiumei Han
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
| | - Keqin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Department of Hygienic Analysis and Detection, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
| | - Xinru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
| | - Yankai Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lee YJ, Hsu JD, Lin WL, Kao SH, Wang CJ. Upregulation of caveolin-1 by mulberry leaf extract and its major components, chlorogenic acid derivatives, attenuates alcoholic steatohepatitis via inhibition of oxidative stress. Food Funct 2018; 8:397-405. [PMID: 28074952 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01539e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Excessive alcohol uptake exerts hepatocellular toxicity, ultimately leading to multiple liver diseases such as steatohepatitis and liver cirrhosis. Here, we aimed to explore the effects of mulberry leaf extract (MLE) and its major components chlorogenic acid (CGA) and neochlorogenic acid (nCGA) on alcoholic steatohepatitis. We determined the composition of MLE using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric (LC-MS) analysis, which showed that MLE consisted of mainly chlorogenic acid derivatives and other polyphenols. Next, we utilized a high alcohol-fed mouse model and demonstrated that MLE alleviated alcohol-induced hepatocellular disorders, resulting in lowered hepatic injury markers and lipid accumulation. In addition, MLE reduced lipid peroxidation and meanwhile elevated hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD). Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining revealed that MLE elevated the expression of caveolin-1 but reduced the expressions of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and receptor interacting protein (RIP) 1/3. Major components of MLE, CGA and nCGA, not only exerted a similar biological activity as MLE but also inhibited alcohol-induced pro-apoptotic signals. Involvement of caveolin-1 in MLE, CGA and nCGA was demonstrated by using specific small inhibitory RNA. In conclusion, MLE and its chlorogenic derivatives CGA and nCGA upregulate caveolin-1 expression and diminish EGFR/STAT3/iNOS signalling, which may contribute to lowered hepatic lipid accumulation and peroxidation and inhibited pro-apoptotic cascades.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ju Lee
- Department of Pathology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan and Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Dong Hsu
- Department of Pathology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan and Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wea-Lung Lin
- Department of Pathology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan and Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Hsuan Kao
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan and Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Chau-Jong Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan and Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Irwin C, van Reenen M, Mason S, Mienie LJ, Wevers RA, Westerhuis JA, Reinecke CJ. The 1H-NMR-based metabolite profile of acute alcohol consumption: A metabolomics intervention study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196850. [PMID: 29746531 PMCID: PMC5944960 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics studies of disease conditions related to chronic alcohol consumption provide compelling evidence of several perturbed metabolic pathways underlying the pathophysiology of alcoholism. The objective of the present study was to utilize proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy metabolomics to study the holistic metabolic consequences of acute alcohol consumption in humans. The experimental design was a cross-over intervention study which included a number of substances to be consumed-alcohol, a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) supplement, and a benzoic acid-containing flavoured water vehicle. The experimental subjects-24 healthy, moderate-drinking young men-each provided six hourly-collected urine samples for analysis. Complete data sets were obtained from 20 of the subjects and used for data generation, analysis and interpretation. The results from the NMR approach produced complex spectral data, which could be resolved sufficiently through the application of a combination of univariate and multivariate methods of statistical analysis. The metabolite profiles resulting from acute alcohol consumption indicated that alcohol-induced NAD+ depletion, and the production of an excessive amount of reducing equivalents, greatly perturbed the hepatocyte redox homeostasis, resulting in essentially three major metabolic disturbances-up-regulated lactic acid metabolism, down-regulated purine catabolism and osmoregulation. Of these, the urinary excretion of the osmolyte sorbitol proved to be novel, and suggests hepatocyte swelling due to ethanol influx following acute alcohol consumption. Time-dependent metabolomics investigations, using designed interventions, provide a way of interpreting the variation induced by the different factors of a designed experiment, thereby also giving methodological significance to this study. The outcomes of this approach have the potential to significantly advance our understanding of the serious impact of the pathophysiological perturbations which arise from the consumption of a single, large dose of alcohol-a simulation of a widespread, and mostly naive, social practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Irwin
- Centre for Human Metabolomics, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Agriculture, North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Mari van Reenen
- Centre for Human Metabolomics, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Agriculture, North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), Potchefstroom, South Africa
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Agriculture, North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Shayne Mason
- Centre for Human Metabolomics, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Agriculture, North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Lodewyk J. Mienie
- Centre for Human Metabolomics, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Agriculture, North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Ron A. Wevers
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Johan A. Westerhuis
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Agriculture, North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), Potchefstroom, South Africa
- Biosystems Data Analysis, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carolus J. Reinecke
- Centre for Human Metabolomics, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Agriculture, North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), Potchefstroom, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Guo C, Chen L, Huang J, Wang Y, Shi C, Gao J, Hong Y, Chen T, Qiu L. Aldose reductase inhibitor protects mice from alcoholic steatosis by repressing saturated fatty acid biosynthesis. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 287:41-8. [PMID: 29630881 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver injury results in morbidity and mortality worldwide, but there are currently no effective and safe therapeutics. Previously we demonstrated that aldose reductase (AR) inhibitor ameliorated alcoholic hepatic steatosis. To clarify the mechanism whereby AR inhibitor improves alcoholic hepatic steatosis, herein we investigated the effect of AR inhibitor on hepatic metabolism in mice fed a Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet with 5% ethanol. Nontargeted metabolomics showed carbohydrates and lipids were characteristic categories in ethanol diet-fed mice with or without AR inhibitor treatment, whereas AR inhibitor mainly affected carbohydrates and peptides. Ethanol-induced galactose metabolism and fatty acid biosynthesis are important for the induction of hepatic steatosis, while AR inhibitor impaired galactose metabolism without perturbing fatty acid biosynthesis. In parallel with successful treatment of steatosis, AR inhibitor suppressed ethanol-activated galactose metabolism and saturated fatty acid biosynthesis. Sorbitol in galactose metabolism and stearic acid in saturated fatty acid biosynthesis were potential biomarkers responsible for ethanol or ethanol plus AR inhibitor treatment. In vitro analysis confirmed that exogenous addition of sorbitol augmented ethanol-induced steatosis and stearic acid. These findings not only reveal metabolic patterns associated with disease and treatment, but also shed light on functional biomarkers contribute to AR inhibition therapy.
Collapse
|
24
|
Fernando H, Bhopale KK, Kondraganti SS, Kaphalia BS, Ansari GAS. Alcohol-Induced Hepatic Steatosis: A Comparative Study to Identify Possible Indicator(s) of Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 7. [PMID: 31032137 DOI: 10.4303/jdar/236040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Background Fatty liver is an early sign of both nonalcoholic and alcoholic fatty liver diseases. Ethanol feeding using a Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet (LD) model which contains 35% fat to rats or mice is a well-established model for alcoholic fatty liver. However, LD diet alone can also induce fatty liver and its differential metabolic profile may be able to differentiate steatosis induced by LD versus LD plus ethanol. Purpose We investigated the lipidomic differences in the livers of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats fed a pellet diet (PD), LD and liquid ethanol diet (LED) for six weeks. Study Design Male Sprague Dawley rats were fed with nonalcoholic diets PD, LD or LED (ethanol in LD) for six weeks. Lipids were extracted and analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)- based metabolomics. The NMR data obtained was analyzed by multivariate Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Spotfire DecisionSite 9.0 software to compare PD versus LD and LD versus LED groups. Results PCA of the NMR spectral data of livers of both comparisons showed a clear separation of PD from LD group and LD from LED group indicating differences in lipid profiles which corresponded with changes in total lipid weights. LD showed increases for cholesterol, esterified cholesterol, cholesterol acetate and triglycerides with decreases for fatty acyl chain, diallylic and allylic protons, while the LED showed increases in esterified cholesterol, cholesterol acetate, fatty acid methyl esters, allylic protons and some triglyceride protons with decreases in free cholesterol and phosphatidylcholine (PC). Conclusion Our data suggest that altered lipid signature or PC levels could be an indicator to differentiate between nonalcoholic versus alcoholic fatty liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harshica Fernando
- Department of Chemistry, Prairie View A & M University, 100 University Dr, Prairie View, TX 77446, USA
| | - Kamlesh K Bhopale
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | | | - Bhupendra S Kaphalia
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - G A Shakeel Ansari
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
An L, Lang Q, Shen W, Shi Q, Feng F. Dynamic metabolic profiling of urine biomarkers in rats with alcohol-induced liver damage following treatment with Zhi-Zi-Da-Huang decoction. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:2093-100. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
|
26
|
Cai X, Bao L, Wang N, Xu M, Mao R, Li Y. Dietary Nucleotides Supplementation and Liver Injury in Alcohol-Treated Rats: A Metabolomics Investigation. Molecules 2016; 21:435. [PMID: 27043516 PMCID: PMC6273469 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21040435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Previous studies suggested that nucleotides were beneficial for liver function, lipid metabolism and so on. The present study aimed to investigate the metabolic response of dietary nucleotides supplementation in alcohol-induced liver injury rats. Methods: Five groups of male Wistar rats were used: normal control group (basal diet, equivalent distilled water), alcohol control group (basal diet, 50% alcohol (v/v)), dextrose control group (basal diet, isocaloric amount of dextrose), and 0.04% and 0.16% nucleotides groups (basal diet supplemented with 0.4 g and 1.6 g nucleotides kg−1 respectively, 50% alcohol (v/v)). The liver injury was measured through traditional liver enzymes, expression of oxidative stress markers and histopathological examination. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole-time-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) was applied to identify liver metabolite profiles. Results: Nucleotides supplementation prevented the progression of hepatocyte steatosis. The levels of total proteins, globulin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total cholesterol triglyceride, as well as the oxidative stress markers altered by alcohol, were improved by nucleotides supplementation. Elevated levels of liver bile acids (glycocholic acid, chenodeoxyglycocholic acid, and taurodeoxycholic acid), as well as lipids (stearic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, phosphatidylcholine, and lysophosphatidylethanolamine) in alcohol-treated rats were reversed by nucleotides supplementation. In addition, supplementation with nucleotides could increase the levels of amino acids, including valyl-Leucine, l-leucine, alanyl-leucine and l-phenylalanine. Conclusion: These data indicate potential biomarkers and confirm the benefit of dietary nucleotides on alcoholic liver injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaxia Cai
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Lei Bao
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Meihong Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Ruixue Mao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Paul HA, Bomhof MR, Vogel HJ, Reimer RA. Diet-induced changes in maternal gut microbiota and metabolomic profiles influence programming of offspring obesity risk in rats. Sci Rep. 2016;6:20683. [PMID: 26868870 PMCID: PMC4751613 DOI: 10.1038/srep20683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal obesity and overnutrition during pregnancy and lactation can program an increased risk of obesity in offspring. In this context, improving maternal metabolism may help reduce the intergenerational transmission of obesity. Here we show that, in Sprague-Dawley rats, selectively altering obese maternal gut microbial composition with prebiotic treatment reduces maternal energy intake, decreases gestational weight gain, and prevents increased adiposity in dams and their offspring. Maternal serum metabolomics analysis, along with satiety hormone and gut microbiota analysis, identified maternal metabolic signatures that could be implicated in programming offspring obesity risk and highlighted the potential influence of maternal gut microbiota on maternal and offspring metabolism. In particular, the metabolomic signature of insulin resistance in obese rats normalized when dams consumed the prebiotic. In summary, prebiotic intake during pregnancy and lactation improves maternal metabolism in diet-induced obese rats in a manner that attenuates the detrimental nutritional programming of offspring associated with maternal obesity. Overall, these findings contribute to our understanding of the maternal mechanisms influencing the developmental programming of offspring obesity and provide compelling pre-clinical evidence for a potential strategy to improve maternal and offspring metabolic outcomes in human pregnancy.
Collapse
|
28
|
Relja B, Weber R, Maraslioglu M, Wagner N, Borsello T, Jobin C, Marzi I, Lehnert M. Differential Relevance of NF-κB and JNK in the Pathophysiology of Hemorrhage/Resususcitation-Induced Liver Injury after Chronic Ethanol Feeding. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137875. [PMID: 26367181 PMCID: PMC4569329 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic ethanol (EtOH) abuse worsens pathophysiological derangements after hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation (H/R) that induce hepatic injury and strong inflammatory changes via JNK and NF-κB activation. Inhibiting JNK with a cell-penetrating, protease-resistant peptide D-JNKI-1 after H/R in mice with healthy livers ameliorated these effects. Here, we studied if JNK inhibition by D-JNKI-1 in chronically EtOH-fed mice after hemorrhagic shock prior to the onset of resuscitation also confers protection. METHODS Male mice were fed a Lieber-DeCarli diet containing EtOH or an isocaloric control (ctrl) diet for 4 weeks. Animals were hemorrhaged for 90 min (32 ± 2 mm Hg) and randomly received either D-JNKI-1 (11 mg/kg, intraperitoneally, i. p.) or sterile saline as vehicle (veh) immediately before the onset of resuscitation. Sham animals underwent surgical procedures without H/R and were either D-JNKI-1 or veh treated. Two hours after resuscitation, blood samples and liver tissue were harvested. RESULTS H/R induced hepatic injury with increased systemic interleukin (IL)-6 levels, and enhanced local gene expression of NF-κB-controlled genes such as intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and matrix metallopeptidase (MMP)9. c-Jun and NF-κB phosphorylation were increased after H/R. These effects were further increased in EtOH-fed mice after H/R. D-JNKI-1 application inhibited the proinflammatory changes and reduced significantly hepatic injury after H/R in ctrl-fed mice. Moreover, D-JNKI-1 reduces in ctrl-fed mice the H/R-induced c-Jun and NF-κB phosphorylation. However, in chronically EtOH-fed mice, JNK inhibition did not prevent the H/R-induced hepatic damage and proinflammatory changes nor c-Jun and NF-κB phosphorylation after H/R. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate, that JNK inhibition is protective only in not pre-harmed liver after H/R. In contrast, the pronounced H/R-induced liver damage in mice being chronically fed with ethanol cannot be prevented by JNK inhibition after H/R and seems to be under the control of NF-κB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Borna Relja
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Roxane Weber
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Miriam Maraslioglu
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nils Wagner
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Tiziana Borsello
- Neuronal Death and Neuroprotection Unit, Instituto Di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milano, Italy
| | - Christian Jobin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Ingo Marzi
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Mark Lehnert
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Manna SK, Thompson MD, Gonzalez FJ. Application of mass spectrometry-based metabolomics in identification of early noninvasive biomarkers of alcohol-induced liver disease using mouse model. Adv Exp Med Biol 2015; 815:217-38. [PMID: 25427910 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-09614-8_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A rapid, non-invasive urine test for early stage alcohol-induced liver disease (ALD) would permit risk stratification and treatment of high-risk individuals before ALD leads to irreversible liver damage and death. Urinary metabolomic studies were carried out to identify ALD-associated metabolic biomarkers using Ppara-null mouse model that is susceptible to ALD development on chronic alcohol consumption. Two successive studies were conducted to evaluate the applicability of mass spectrometry-based metabolomics in identification of ALD-specific signatures and to examine the robustness of these biomarkers against genetic background. Principal components analysis of ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-QTOFMS)-generated urinary metabolic fingerprints showed that alcohol-treated wild-type and Ppara-null mice could be distinguished from control animals. It also showed that a combined endogenous biomarker panel helps to identify subjects with ALD as well as those at risk of developing ALD even without any information on alcohol intake or genetics. Quantitative analysis showed that increased excretion of indole-3-lactic acid and phenyllactic acid was a genetic background-independent signature exclusively associated with ALD pathogenesis in Ppara-null mice that showed liver pathologies similar to those observed in early stages of human ALD. These findings demonstrated that mass spectrometry-based metabolomic analysis could help in the identification of ALD-specific signatures, and that metabolites such as indole-3-lactic acid and phenyllactic acid, may serve as robust noninvasive biomarkers for early stages of ALD.
Collapse
|
30
|
Yang Y, Han Z, Wang Y, Wang L, Pan S, Liang S, Wang S. Plasma metabonomic analysis reveals the effects of salvianic acid on alleviating acute alcoholic liver damage. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra00823a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study analysed acute alcohol-induced metabolic changes and explored the metabolic regulation mechanism of SA treatment by using 1H NMR-based metabonomics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongxia Yang
- School of Basic Courses
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Zhihui Han
- School of Basic Courses
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Yaling Wang
- School of Basic Courses
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Linlin Wang
- School of Basic Courses
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Sina Pan
- School of Basic Courses
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Shengwang Liang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Shumei Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Wei D, Liao S, Wang J, Yang M, Kong L. Cholestatic liver injury model of bile duct ligation and the protection of Huang-Lian-Jie-Du decoction by NMR metabolomic profiling. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra12224d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bile duct ligation (BDL) induced cholestasis in rats and the treatment effects of Huang-Lian-Jie-Du decoction (HLJDD) were investigated by NMR-based metabolomics approach: biphasic feature of BDL model and bilateral adjustment of HLJDD were found.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- PR China
| | - Shanting Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- PR China
| | - Junsong Wang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism
- Nanjing University of Science & Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- PR China
| | - Minghua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- PR China
| | - Lingyi Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- PR China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Marí M, Morales A, Colell A, García-Ruiz C, Fernández-Checa JC. Mitochondrial cholesterol accumulation in alcoholic liver disease: Role of ASMase and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Redox Biol 2014; 3:100-8. [PMID: 25453982 PMCID: PMC4297930 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 09/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a major cause of chronic liver disease and a growing health concern in theworld. While the pathogenesis of ALD is poorly characterized key players identified in experimental models and patients, such as perturbations in mitochondrial structure and function, selective loss of antioxidant defense and susceptibility to inflammatory cytokines, contribute to ALD progression. Both oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction compromise essential cellular functions and energy generation and hence are important pathogenic mechanisms of ALD. An important process mediating the mitochondrial disruption induced by alcohol intake is the trafficking of cholesterol to mitochondria, mediated by acid sphingomyelinase-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress, which contributes to increased cholesterol synthesis and StARD1upregulation. Mitochondrial cholesterol accumulation not only sensitizes to oxidative stress but it can contribute to the metabolic reprogramming in ALD, manifested by activation of the hypoxia inducible transcription factor 1 and stimulation of glycolysis and lactate secretion. Thus, a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying alcohol-mediated mitochondrial impairment and oxidative stress may lead to the identification of novel treatments for ALD. The present review briefly summarizes current knowledge on the cellular and molecular mechanisms contributing to alcohol-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and cholesterol accumulation and provides insights for potential therapeutic targets in ALD. Alcohol perturbs mitochondria function, which modulates ROS generation and alcohol metabolism. Alcohol stimulates mitochondrial cholesterol (mChol) accumulation. MChol accumulation impairs mitochondrial function and mediates alcohol-induced lipotoxicity. ASMase promotes mitochondrial dysfunction by stimulating mChol loading.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Marí
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB-CSIC), Consejo Superior Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), IDIBAPS, Liver Unit-Hospital Clínic, CIBEREHD, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Albert Morales
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB-CSIC), Consejo Superior Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), IDIBAPS, Liver Unit-Hospital Clínic, CIBEREHD, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Colell
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB-CSIC), Consejo Superior Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), IDIBAPS, Liver Unit-Hospital Clínic, CIBEREHD, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen García-Ruiz
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB-CSIC), Consejo Superior Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), IDIBAPS, Liver Unit-Hospital Clínic, CIBEREHD, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose C Fernández-Checa
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB-CSIC), Consejo Superior Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), IDIBAPS, Liver Unit-Hospital Clínic, CIBEREHD, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Research Center for Alcoholic Liver and Pancreatic Diseases, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Maraslioglu M, Weber R, Korff S, Blattner C, Nauck C, Henrich D, Jobin C, Marzi I, Lehnert M. Activation of NF-κB after chronic ethanol intake and haemorrhagic shock/resuscitation in mice. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 170:506-18. [PMID: 23646923 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Revised: 03/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Chronic ethanol abuse and haemorrhagic shock are major causes of global mortality and, separately, induce profound hepato- and immune-toxic effects via activation of NF-κB. Here, we assessed the effects of chronic ethanol intake upon the pathophysiological derangements after haemorrhagic shock with subsequent resuscitation (H/R), with particular attention to the contribution of NF-κB. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Transgenic NF-κB(EGFP) mice, expressing the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) under the transcriptional control of NF-κB cis-elements were fed a Lieber-DeCarli diet containing ethanol (EtOH-diet) or an isocaloric control diet for 4 weeks and were then pairwise subjected to H/R. Liver tissues and peripheral blood were sampled at 2 or 24 h after H/R. Cytokines in blood and tissue and leukocyte activation (as CD11b expression) were measured, along with EGFP as a marker of NF-κB activation. KEY RESULTS The EtOH-diet increased mortality at 24 h after H/R and elevated liver injury, associated with an up-regulation of NF-κB-dependent genes and IL-6 release; it also increased production of NF-κB-driven intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and EGFP in liver tissue. At 2h after the H/R procedure in ethanol-fed mice we observed the highest proportion of NF-κB activated non-parenchymal cells and an NF-κB-dependent increase in polymorphonuclear leukocyte CD11b expression. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The EtOH-diet exacerbated liver injury after H/R, accompanying an overwhelming hepatic and systemic immune response. Our findings contribute to evidence implicating NF-κB as a key player in the orchestration of the immune response in haemorrhagic shock patients with a history of chronic ethanol abuse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Maraslioglu
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
Alcohol-related disorders are multifaceted since ethanol can induce profound metabolic perturbations when taken in excess. Global metabolic profiling strategies may aid the understanding of ethanol-related effects by shedding light on these metabolic changes and potentially revealing unknown mechanisms of ethanol toxicity. Here an overview of studies designed to explore the effects of alcohol (ethanol) consumption using holistic metabolite profiling approaches (metabonomics/metabolomics) is presented, demonstrating the potential of this methodology. The analytical technologies used (NMR, GC-MS and LC-MS), have been applied to the profiling of serum, plasma, urine and tissues, obtained from animal models or humans, after exposure to alcohol. From the metabolic profiling data of a range of biological samples, a number of endogenous metabolites have been proposed as potential ethanol consumption-related biomarkers. The biomarkers suggested by these studies, and the biochemical insights that they provide for understanding the effects of ethanol mechanisms of toxicity, are discussed.
Collapse
|
35
|
Maraslioglu M, Oppermann E, Blattner C, Weber R, Henrich D, Jobin C, Schleucher E, Marzi I, Lehnert M. Chronic ethanol feeding modulates inflammatory mediators, activation of nuclear factor-κB, and responsiveness to endotoxin in murine Kupffer cells and circulating leukocytes. Mediators Inflamm. 2014;2014:808695. [PMID: 24623963 PMCID: PMC3928853 DOI: 10.1155/2014/808695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 11/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic ethanol abuse is known to increase susceptibility to infections after injury, in part, by modification of macrophage function. Several intracellular signalling mechanisms are involved in the initiation of inflammatory responses, including the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway. In this study, we investigated the systemic and hepatic effect of chronic ethanol feeding on in vivo activation of NF-κB in NF-κBEGFP reporter gene mice. Specifically, the study focused on Kupffer cell proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α and activation of NF-κB after chronic ethanol feeding followed by in vitro stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We found that chronic ethanol upregulated NF-κB activation and increased hepatic and systemic proinflammatory cytokine levels. Similarly, LPS-stimulated IL-1β release from whole blood was significantly enhanced in ethanol-fed mice. However, LPS significantly increased IL-6 and TNF-α levels. These results demonstrate that chronic ethanol feeding can improve the responsiveness of macrophage LPS-stimulated IL-6 and TNF-α production and indicate that this effect may result from ethanol-induced alterations in intracellular signalling through NF-κB. Furthermore, LPS and TNF-α stimulated the gene expression of different inflammatory mediators, in part, in a NF-κB-dependent manner.
Collapse
|
36
|
Liu CT, Raghu R, Lin SH, Wang SY, Kuo CH, Tseng YJ, Sheen LY. Metabolomics of ginger essential oil against alcoholic fatty liver in mice. J Agric Food Chem 2013; 61:11231-40. [PMID: 24171385 DOI: 10.1021/jf403523g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Fatty liver is significantly associated with hepatic cirrhosis and liver cancer. Excessive alcohol consumption causes alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD). Ginger has been reported to exhibit antioxidant potential and hepatoprotective activity. In the present study, a mouse model for AFLD was developed by employing male C57BL/6 mice that were fed an alcohol-containing liquid diet (Lieber-DeCarli diet) ad libitum. In the treatment groups, ginger essential oil (GEO) and citral were orally administered every day for 4 weeks. Serum biochemical analysis, antioxidant enzyme activity analysis, and histopathological evaluation revealed that GEO and citral exhibited hepatoprotective activity against AFLD. Metabolites in serum samples were profiled by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-QTOF-MS). Metabolomic data indicated the amounts of metabolites such as d-glucurono-6,3-lactone, glycerol-3-phosphate, pyruvic acid, lithocholic acid, 2-pyrocatechuic acid, and prostaglandin E1 were increased after alcohol administration, but the levels were recovered in treatment groups. The analysis indicated that ginger possesses hepatoprotective properties against AFLD. Furthermore, these metabolites can serve as early noninvasive candidate biomarkers in the clinical application of AFLD for health management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ting Liu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Bio-Resources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University , Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Li HH, Doiron K, Patterson AD, Gonzalez FJ, Fornace AJ. Identification of serum insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 as diagnostic biomarker for early-stage alcohol-induced liver disease. J Transl Med 2013; 11:266. [PMID: 24152801 PMCID: PMC4016206 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-11-266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alcohol consumption is a major cause of liver disease in humans. The use and monitoring of biomarkers associated with early, pre-clinical stages of alcohol-induced liver disease (pre-ALD) could facilitate diagnosis and treatment, leading to improved outcomes. Methods We investigated the pathological, transcriptomic and protein changes in early stages of pre-ALD in mice fed the Lieber-Decarli liquid diet with or without alcohol for four months to identify biomarkers for the early stage of alcohol induced liver injury. Mice were sampled after 1, 2 and 4 months treatment. Results Pathological examination revealed a modest increase in fatty liver changes in alcohol-treated mice. Transcriptomics revealed gene alterations at all time points. Most notably, the Igfbp1 (Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 1) was selected as the best candidate gene for early detection of liver damage since it showed early and continuously enhanced induction during the treatment course. Consistent with the microarray data, both Igfbp1mRNA expression in the liver tissue and the IGFBP1 serum protein levels showed progressive and significant increases over the course of pre-ALD development. Conclusions The results suggest that in conjunction with other tests, serum IGFBPI protein could provide an easily measured biomarker for early detection of alcohol-induced liver injury in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Albert J Fornace
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, 3970 Reservoir Road, NW, New Research Building, Room E504, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Liang YJ, Wang HP, Long DX, Wu YJ. Applying biofluid metabonomic techniques to analyze the combined subchronic toxicity of propoxur and permethrin in rats. Bioanalysis 2012; 4:2897-907. [PMID: 23244281 DOI: 10.4155/bio.12.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND NMR combined with pattern recognition was recently introduced as a new technique for rapid xenobiotic toxicity evaluation. In this article, metabolic changes in the biofluid of rats after 90-day oral treatment with propoxur, permethrin and a combination of these two pesticides were investigated. RESULTS Propoxur dosing induced increased urinary taurine, creatinine and glucose, whereas urinary lactate and acetate were increased in the highest permethrin dose group. Urinary acetate, alanine, lactate and trimethylamine levels were increased in the mixture group, accompanied by decreased urinary tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates. In addition, the highest dose of the mixture displayed raised 3-D-hydroxybutyrate, acetate and lactate levels in the serum sample. CONCLUSION Chronic exposure to a combination of propoxur and permethrin may induce hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. An increase in acetate, alanine and formate in the urine could be a potentially sensitive biomarker of the chronic, combined effects of permethrin and propoxur.
Collapse
|
39
|
Brandon-Warner E, Schrum LW, Schmidt CM, McKillop IH. Rodent models of alcoholic liver disease: of mice and men. Alcohol 2012; 46:715-25. [PMID: 22960051 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2012.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Revised: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a major cause of acute and chronic liver disease worldwide. The progressive nature of ALD is well described; however, the complex interactions under which these pathologies evolve remain to be fully elucidated. Clinically there are no clear biomarkers or universally accepted, effective treatment strategies for ALD. Experimental models of ALD are an important component in identifying underlying mechanisms of alcohol-induced injury to develop better diagnostic markers, predictors of disease progression, and therapeutic targets to manage, halt, or reverse disease progression. Rodents remain the most accessible model for studying ALD pathology. Effective rodent models must mimic the natural history of ALD while allowing examination of complex interactions between multiple hepatic, and non-hepatic, cell types in the setting of altered metabolic or oxidative/nitrosative stress, inflammatory responses, and sensitivity to cytotoxic stress. Additionally, mode and duration of alcohol delivery influence hepatic response and present unique challenges in understanding disease pathology. This review provides an overview of rodent models of ALD, their strengths and weaknesses relative to human disease states, and provides insight of the potential to develop novel rodent models to simulate the course of human ALD.
Collapse
|
40
|
Gika HG, Ji C, Theodoridis GA, Michopoulos F, Kaplowitz N, Wilson ID. Investigation of chronic alcohol consumption in rodents via ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry based metabolite profiling. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1259:128-37. [PMID: 22446076 PMCID: PMC3387526 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.02.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2011] [Revised: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol consumption in man, when seen in its extreme form of alcoholism, is a complex and socially disruptive disorder that can result in significant levels of liver injury. Here the rodent "intragastric feeding model" was used together with UHPLC-TOFMS analysis to determine changes in global metabolite profiles for plasma and urine from alcohol treated rats and mice compared to control animals. Multivariate statistical analysis (using principal components analysis, PCA) revealed robust differences between profiles from control and alcohol-treated animals from both species. A large number of metabolites were seen to differ between control and alcohol-treated animals, for both biofluids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helen G Gika
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24, Greece.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Liang YJ, Wang HP, Long DX, Wu YJ. (1)H NMR-based metabonomic profiling of rat serum and urine to characterize the subacute effects of carbamate insecticide propoxur. Biomarkers 2012; 17:566-74. [PMID: 22780197 DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2012.704527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Carbamate insecticide propoxur is widely used in agriculture and public health programs. To prevent adverse health effects arising from exposure to this insecticide, sensitive methods for detection of early stage organismal changes are necessary. We present here an integrative metabonomic approach to investigate toxic effects of pesticide in experimental animals. Results showed that propoxur even at low dose levels can induce oxidative stress, impair liver function, enhance ketogenesis and fatty acid β-oxidation, and increase glycolysis, which contribute to the hepatotoxocity. These findings highlight the applicability of (1)H NMR spectroscopy and multivariate statistics in elucidating the toxic effects of propoxur.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jie Liang
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Shi X, Wahlang B, Wei X, Yin X, Falkner KC, Prough RA, Kim SH, Mueller EG, McClain CJ, Cave M, Zhang X. Metabolomic analysis of the effects of polychlorinated biphenyls in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Proteome Res 2012; 11:3805-15. [PMID: 22686559 DOI: 10.1021/pr300297z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organic pollutants and have been associated with abnormal liver enzymes and suspected nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), obesity, and the metabolic syndrome in epidemiological studies. In epidemiological surveys of human PCB exposure, PCB 153 has the highest serum levels among PCB congeners. To determine the hepatic effects of PCB 153 in mice, C57BL/6J mice were fed either a control diet (CD) or a high fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks, with or without PCB 153 coexposure. The metabolite extracts from mouse livers were analyzed using linear trap quadrupole-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer (LTQ-FTICR MS) via direct infusion nanoelectrospray ionization (DI-nESI) mass spectrometry. The metabolomics analysis indicated no difference in the metabolic profile between mice fed the control diet with PCB 153 exposure (CD+PCB 153) and mice fed the control diet (CD) without PCB 153 exposure. However, compared with CD group, levels of 10 metabolites were increased and 15 metabolites were reduced in mice fed HFD. Moreover, compared to CD+PCB 153 group, the abundances of 6 metabolites were increased and 18 metabolites were decreased in the mice fed high fat diet with PCB 153 exposure (HFD+PCB 153). Compared with HFD group, the abundances of 2 metabolites were increased and of 12 metabolites were reduced in HFD+PCB 153 group. These observations agree with the histological results and indicate that the metabolic effects of PCB 153 were highly dependent on macronutrient interactions with HFD. Antioxidant depletion is likely to be an important consequence of this interaction, as this metabolic disturbance has previously been implicated in obesity and NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Shi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
Metabolic profiling of urine from pesticide-treated rats was investigated by the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabonomic strategy. Twenty-four-hour urine samples of rats were collected after administration with propoxur at doses of 0.85, 1.70, and 8.51 mg/kg, respectively, for 28 consecutive days. Liver tissue was fixed and the histopathological alterations were examined. The results showed that propoxur at high dose induced liver histopathological injury. Metabonomic analysis demonstrated that the levels of creatine and taurine markedly increased together with slight elevation of hippurate, glucose, and amino acids in low- and medium-dose groups. However, concentrations of urinary lactate, acetate, acetone, succinate, citrate, and 2-oxoglutarate increased in high-dose group. All these results suggested that propoxur could inhibit liver function through altering the energy and lipid metabolism. These data also supported the contention that the NMR-based metabonomic approach represents a promising new technology for the development of pesticide toxicity screening and mechanism exploration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jie Liang
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui-Ping Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi-Jun Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Jang ZH, Chung HC, Ahn YG, Kwon YK, Kim JS, Ryu JH, Ryu DH, Kim CH, Hwang GS. Metabolic profiling of an alcoholic fatty liver in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Mol Biosyst 2012; 8:2001-9. [PMID: 22532405 DOI: 10.1039/c2mb25073j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is becoming a popular developmental biology model to study diseases and for drug discovery. In this study, we performed proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-NMR)- and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS)-based metabolic profiling of an alcoholic fatty liver using a zebrafish disease model. We examined metabolic differences between the control and alcoholic fatty liver groups in zebrafish to determine how metabolism in an alcoholic fatty liver is regulated. Multivariate statistical analysis showed a significant difference between the control and alcoholic fatty liver groups. The alcoholic fatty liver group showed increased excretion of isoleucine, acetate, succinate, choline, creatine, acetoacetate, 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB), ethyl glucuronide (EtG), lactate/pyruvate ratio, fatty acids, and cholesterol, and decreased excretion of citrate, aspartate, tyrosine, glycine, glucose, alanine, betaine, and maltose. Metabolites identified in the fatty liver groups were associated with long-term alcohol consumption, which causes both oxidation-reduction (redox) changes and oxidative stress. This study suggests that global metabolite profiling in a zebrafish model can provide insights into the metabolic changes in an alcoholic fatty liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Hey Jang
- Seoul Centre, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Shi X, Yao D, Chen C. Identification of N-acetyltaurine as a novel metabolite of ethanol through metabolomics-guided biochemical analysis. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:6336-49. [PMID: 22228769 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.312199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of ethanol on the small molecule metabolome and the role of CYP2E1 in ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity were investigated using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based metabolomics platform and Cyp2e1-null mouse model. Histological and biochemical examinations of ethanol-exposed mice indicated that the Cyp2e1-null mice were more resistant to ethanol-induced hepatic steatosis and transaminase leakage than the wild-type mice, suggesting CYP2E1 contributes to ethanol-induced toxicity. Metabolomic analysis of urinary metabolites revealed time- and dose-dependent changes in the chemical composition of urine. Along with ethyl glucuronide and ethyl sulfate, N-acetyltaurine (NAT) was identified as a urinary metabolite that is highly responsive to ethanol exposure and is correlated with the presence of CYP2E1. Subsequent stable isotope labeling analysis using deuterated ethanol determined that NAT is a novel metabolite of ethanol. Among three possible substrates of NAT biosynthesis (taurine, acetyl-CoA, and acetate), the level of taurine was significantly reduced, whereas the levels of acetyl-CoA and acetate were dramatically increased after ethanol exposure. In vitro incubation assays suggested that acetate is the main precursor of NAT, which was further confirmed by the stable isotope labeling analysis using deuterated acetate. The incubations of tissues and cellular fractions with taurine and acetate indicated that the kidney has the highest NAT synthase activity among the tested organs, whereas the cytosol is the main site of NAT biosynthesis inside the cell. Overall, the combination of biochemical and metabolomic analysis revealed NAT is a novel metabolite of ethanol and a potential biomarker of hyperacetatemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Shi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Manna SK, Patterson AD, Yang Q, Krausz KW, Idle JR, Fornace AJ, Gonzalez FJ. UPLC-MS-based urine metabolomics reveals indole-3-lactic acid and phenyllactic acid as conserved biomarkers for alcohol-induced liver disease in the Ppara-null mouse model. J Proteome Res 2011; 10:4120-33. [PMID: 21749142 DOI: 10.1021/pr200310s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Since the development and prognosis of alcohol-induced liver disease (ALD) vary significantly with genetic background, identification of a genetic background-independent noninvasive ALD biomarker would significantly improve screening and diagnosis. This study explored the effect of genetic background on the ALD-associated urinary metabolome using the Ppara-null mouse model on two different backgrounds, C57BL/6 (B6) and 129/SvJ (129S), along with their wild-type counterparts. Reversed-phase gradient UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS analysis revealed that urinary excretion of a number of metabolites, such as ethylsulfate, 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid sulfate, adipic acid, pimelic acid, xanthurenic acid, and taurine, were background-dependent. Elevation of ethyl-β-d-glucuronide and N-acetylglycine was found to be a common signature of the metabolomic response to alcohol exposure in wild-type as well as in Ppara-null mice of both strains. However, increased excretion of indole-3-lactic acid and phenyllactic acid was found to be a conserved feature exclusively associated with the alcohol-treated Ppara-null mouse on both backgrounds that develop liver pathologies similar to the early stages of human ALD. These markers reflected the biochemical events associated with early stages of ALD pathogenesis. The results suggest that indole-3-lactic acid and phenyllactic acid are potential candidates for conserved and pathology-specific high-throughput noninvasive biomarkers for early stages of ALD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soumen K Manna
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Li S, Liu H, Jin Y, Lin S, Cai Z, Jiang Y. Metabolomics study of alcohol-induced liver injury and hepatocellular carcinoma xenografts in mice. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:2369-75. [PMID: 21763219 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2011] [Revised: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol abuse is one of the major causes of liver injury and a promoter for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To understand the disease-associated metabolic changes, we investigated and compared the profiles of metabolites in nude mice with alcohol-induced liver injury or bearing a HCC xenograft (HCCX). Alcohol-induced liver injury was achieved by daily administration of grain liquor, and HCC xenografts were generated by subcutaneous inoculation of HepG2 cells in nude mice. Metabolites in serum samples were profiled by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF MS). The acquired data was analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) to identify potential disease-specific biomarkers. Results showed that the phosphatidylcholine (PC) levels were significantly higher in both liver injury and HCCX mice compared with the control. Interestingly, lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs) that contain saturated or monounsaturated fatty acids were reduced in both liver injury and HCCX mice, but polyunsaturated fatty acids LPCs were elevated in liver injury mice only. These data delineated the disease-related metabolic alterations of LPCs in liver injury and HCC, suggesting that the LPC profile in serum may be biomarkers for these two common liver diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shangfu Li
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Gong L, Aranibar N, Han YH, Zhang Y, Lecureux L, Bhaskaran V, Khandelwal P, Klaassen CD, Lehman-McKeeman LD. Characterization of organic anion-transporting polypeptide (Oatp) 1a1 and 1a4 null mice reveals altered transport function and urinary metabolomic profiles. Toxicol Sci 2011; 122:587-97. [PMID: 21561886 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfr114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic anion-transporting polypeptides (Oatp) 1a1 and 1a4 were deleted by homologous recombination, and mice were characterized for Oatp expression in liver and kidney, transport in isolated hepatocytes, in vivo disposition of substrates, and urinary metabolomic profiles. Oatp1a1 and Oatp1a4 proteins were undetected in liver, and both lines were viable and fertile. Hepatic constitutive messenger RNAs (mRNAs) for Oatp1a4, 1b2, or 2b1 were unchanged in Oatp1a1⁻/⁻ mice, whereas renal Oatp1a4 mRNA decreased approximately 50% (both sexes). In Oatp1a4⁻/⁻ mice, no changes in constitutive mRNAs for other Oatps were observed. Uptake of estradiol-17β-D-glucuronide and estrone-3-sulfate in primary hepatocytes decreased 95 and 75%, respectively, in Oatp1a1⁻/⁻ mice and by 60 and 30%, respectively, in Oatp1a4⁻/⁻ mice. Taurocholate uptake decreased by 20 and 50% in Oatp1a1⁻/⁻ and Oatp1a4⁻/⁻ mice, respectively, whereas digoxin was unaffected. Plasma area under the curve (AUC) for estradiol-17β-D-glucuronide increased 35 and 55% in male and female Oatp1a1⁻/⁻ mice, respectively, with a concurrent 50% reduction in liver-to-plasma ratios. In contrast, plasma AUC or tissue concentrations of estradiol-17β-D-glucuronide were unchanged in Oatp1a4⁻/⁻ mice. Plasma AUCs for dibromosulfophthalein increased nearly threefold in male Oatp1a1⁻/⁻ and Oatp1a4⁻/⁻ mice, increased by 40% in female Oatp1a4⁻/⁻ mice, and were unchanged in female Oatp1a1⁻/⁻ mice. In both lines, no changes in serum ALT, bilirubin, and cholesterol were noted. NMR analyses showed no generalized increase in urinary excretion of organic anions. However, urinary excretion of taurine decreased by 30-40% and was accompanied by increased excretion of isethionic acid, a taurine metabolite generated by intestinal bacteria, suggesting some perturbations in intestinal bacteria distribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gong
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Princeton, New Jersey 08543, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Fernando H, Kondraganti S, Bhopale KK, Volk DE, Neerathilingam M, Kaphalia BS, Luxon BA, Boor PJ, Shakeel Ansari GA. ¹H and ³¹P NMR lipidome of ethanol-induced fatty liver. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2011; 34:1937-47. [PMID: 20682011 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2010.01283.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic steatosis (fatty liver), an early and reversible stage of alcoholic liver disease, is characterized by triglyceride deposition in hepatocytes, which can advance to steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and ultimately to hepatocellular carcinoma. In the present work, we studied altered plasma and hepatic lipid metabolome (lipidome) to understand the mechanisms and lipid pattern of early-stage alcohol-induced-fatty liver. METHODS Male Fischer 344 rats were fed 5% alcohol in a Lieber-DeCarli diet. Control rats were pair-fed an equivalent amount of maltose-dextrin. After 1 month, animals were killed and plasma collected. Livers were excised for morphological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical studies. The lipids from plasma and livers were extracted with methyl-tert-butyl ether and analyzed by 750/800 MHz proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR) and phosphorus (³¹P) NMR spectroscopy on a 600 MHz spectrometer. The NMR data were then subjected to multivariate statistical analysis. RESULTS Hematoxylin and Eosin and Oil Red O stained liver sections showed significant fatty infiltration. Immunohistochemical analysis of liver sections from ethanol-fed rats showed no inflammation (absence of CD3 positive cells) or oxidative stress (absence of malondialdehyde reactivity or 4-hydroxynonenal positive staining). Cluster analysis and principal component analysis of ¹H NMR data of lipid extracts of both plasma and livers showed a significant difference in the lipid metabolome of ethanol-fed versus control rats. ³¹P NMR data of liver lipid extracts showed significant changes in phospholipids similar to ¹H NMR data. ¹H NMR data of plasma and liver reflected several changes, while comparison of ¹H NMR and ³¹P NMR data offered a correlation among the phospholipids. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that alcohol consumption alters metabolism of cholesterol, triglycerides, and phospholipids that could contribute to the development of fatty liver. These studies also indicate that fatty liver precedes oxidative stress and inflammation. The similarities observed in plasma and liver lipid profiles offer a potential methodology for detecting early-stage alcohol-induced fatty liver disease by analyzing the plasma lipid profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harshica Fernando
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77030, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Loftus N, Barnes A, Ashton S, Michopoulos F, Theodoridis G, Wilson I, Ji C, Kaplowitz N. Metabonomic investigation of liver profiles of nonpolar metabolites obtained from alcohol-dosed rats and mice using high mass accuracy MSn analysis. J Proteome Res 2011; 10:705-13. [PMID: 21028815 PMCID: PMC3033970 DOI: 10.1021/pr100885w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholism is a complex disorder that, in man, appears to be genetically influenced, although the underlying genes and molecular pathways are not completely known. Here, the intragastric alcohol feeding model in rodents was used together with high mass accuracy LC-MS(n) analysis to assess the metabonomic changes in nonpolar metabolite profiles for livers from control and alcohol-treated rats and mice. Ion signals with a peak area variance of less than 30% (based on repeat analysis of a pooled quality control sample analyzed throughout the batch) were submitted to multivariate statistical analysis (using principal components analysis, PCA). PCA revealed robust differences between profiles from control and alcohol-treated animals from both species. The major metabolites seen to differ between control and alcohol-treated animals were identified using high accuracy MS(n) data and verified using external search engines ( http://www.lipidmaps.org ; http://www.hmdb.ca; http://www.genome.jp/kegg/ ) and authentic standards. The main metabolite classes to show major changes in the alcoholic liver-derived samples were fatty acyls, fatty acid ethyl esters, glycerolipids, and phosphatidylethanol homologues. Significant metabolites that were up-regulated by alcohol treatment in both rat and mouse livers included fatty acyls, metabolites such as octadecatrienoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid, a number of fatty acid ethyl esters such as ethyl arachidonate, ethyl docosahexaenoic acid, ethyl linoleate, and ethyl oleate and phosphatidylethanol (PEth) homologues (predominantly PEth 18:0/18:2 and PEth 16:0/18:2; PEth homologues are currently considered as potential biomarkers for harmful and prolonged alcohol consumption in man). A number of glycerophospholipids resulted in both up-regulation (m/z 903.7436 [M + H](+) corresponding to a triglyceride) and down-regulation (m/z 667.5296 [M + H](+) corresponding to a diglyceride). Metabolite profiles were broadly similar in both mouse and rat models. However, there were a number of significant differences in the alcohol-treated group particularly in the marked down-regulation of retinol and free cholesterol in the mouse compared to the rat. Unique markers for alcohol treatment included ethyl docosahexaenoic acid. Metabolites were identified with high confidence using predominantly negative ion MS(n) data for the fatty acyl components to match to www.lipidmaps.org MS and MS/MS databases; interpreting positive ion data needed to take into account possible adduct ions which may confound the identification of other lipid classes. The observed changes in lipid profiles were consistent with alcohol-induced liver injury in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neil Loftus
- Shimadzu Corporation, Mass Spectrometry Business Unit, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|