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Zhang X, Liu Y, Chen S, Wang B, Wu H, Tang N, Zhao L, Yang S, Liu Q, Zhou B, Chen D, Li Z. Transcriptome Reveals the Effects of Early Weaning on Lipid Metabolism and Liver Health of Yangtze Sturgeon ( Acipenser dabryanus). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:10866. [PMID: 36142779 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Yangtze sturgeon (Acipenser dabryanus) has recently been declared extinct in the wild, and artificial breeding is the only means to protect its germplasm resources, but it has difficulty in weaning (from live prey to artificial food). In this study, we first performed a histological observation, enzyme-activity determination, and transcriptome sequencing on the livers of juvenile Yangtze sturgeons, and we then cloned five critical genes of lipid metabolism according to the transcriptome-sequencing results. We designed a weaning experiment to analyze their expression levels during weaning. The results showed that the density of hepatocytes and the transaminase activity of the juveniles failed to wean. The differentially expressed genes were enriched significantly in the pathways involving steroid synthesis, amino acid metabolism, and pancreatic secretion. It was found that the mRNA level of the fatty acid-synthesis gene decreased, and the mRNA level of the lipolysis gene increased significantly during weaning. The results of this research indicated that weaning could affect the liver health of Yangtze sturgeon, and it could affect the liver lipid metabolism by inhibiting fatty acid synthesis and promoting lipolysis. This study enhances our understanding of the impact of weaning on the lipid metabolism in fish.
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Qi L, Qiao J. Progress of chiral ligand-exchange capillary electrophoresis for enantioseparation. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1679:463381. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Mehmood R, Sheikh N, Khawar MB, Abbasi MH, Mukhtar M. High-fat diet intake ameliorates the expression of hedgehog signaling pathway in adult rat liver. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:1985-1994. [PMID: 35040007 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-07012-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disproportionate fatty diet intake provokes hepatic lipid accumulation that causes non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, triggering the embryonically conserved Hedgehog (Hh) pathway in the adult liver. The present study incorporates exploring the impact of chronically administered unsaturated (D-1) and saturated (D-2) fat-enriched diets on hematological parameters, liver functioning, and lipid profile in the rat model. Besides, hepatohistology and real time gene expression analysis of Hh signaling pathway genes i.e., Shh, Ihh, Hhip, Ptch1, Smo, Gli1, Gli2, and Gli3 were carried out. METHODS AND RESULTS Fifteen Rattus norvegicus (♂) of 200 ± 25 g weight were grouped into control, D-1, and D-2. Animals were fed on their respective diets for 16 weeks. Fatty diet intake resulted in neutropenia, lymphocytosis, monocytosis, polycythemia, and macrocytosis in both experimental groups. Altered liver injury biomarkers, hypertriglyceridemia, and significantly increased very-low-density lipoprotein VLDL were also noted in both high-fat diet (HFD) groups as compared to control. Hepatohistological examination showed disrupted microarchitecture, infiltration of inflammatory cells, cellular necrosis, widened sinusoidal spaces, and microvesicular steatotic hepatocytes in D-1 and D-2. Collagen deposition in both HFD groups marks the extent of fibrosis. Significant upregulation of hedgehog pathway genes was found in fatty diet groups. In comparison with the control group, Shh Ihh, Hhip, Ptch1, Smo, Gli1, Gli2, and Gli3 were upregulated in D-1. In D-2 Shh, Hhip, and Smo expressions were upregulated, Ihh exhibited downregulation as compared to control. CONCLUSION Excess fat deposits in liver due to chronic consumption of high-fat diet results in anomalous architecture and functioning. High-fat diet induced significant variations in Hh pathway genes expression; especially Shh, Ihh, Hhip, Ptch1, Smo, Gli1, Gli2, and Gli3 were upregulated. Infiltration of inflammatory cells ( ), widened sinusoidal spaces (▲), cellular necrosis, and micro vesicular steatotic hepatocytes (*) were shown in the liver. Significant collagen deposition in both HFD groups i.e. D-1 and D-2 confirmed liver fibrosis. Excessive intake of dietary fats impaired normal liver functioning and liver inflammation triggered Hh signaling in adult rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Mehmood
- Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Q-A- Campus, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem Sheikh
- Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Q-A- Campus, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Babar Khawar
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muddasir Hassan Abbasi
- Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Q-A- Campus, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan.,Department of Zoology, University of Okara, Okara, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Maryam Mukhtar
- Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Q-A- Campus, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
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Reshmy R, Philip E, Sirohi R, Tarafdar A, Arun KB, Madhavan A, Binod P, Kumar Awasthi M, Varjani S, Szakacs G, Sindhu R. Nanobiocatalysts: Advancements and applications in enzyme technology. Bioresour Technol 2021; 337:125491. [PMID: 34320770 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nanobiocatalysts are one of the most promising biomaterials produced by synergistically integrating advanced biotechnology and nanotechnology. These have a lot of potential to improve enzyme stability, function, efficiencyand engineering performance in bioprocessing. Functional nanostructures have been used to create nanobiocatalystsbecause of their specific physicochemical characteristics and supramolecular nature. This review covers a wide range of nanobiocatalysts including polymeric, metallic, silica and carbon nanocarriers as well as their recent developments in controlling enzyme activity. The enormous potential of nanobiocatalysts in bioprocessing in designing effective laboratory trials forapplications in various fields such as food, pharmaceuticals, biofuel, and bioremediation is also discussed extensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Reshmy
- Post Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, Bishop Moore College, Mavelikara, Kerala 690 110, India
| | - Eapen Philip
- Post Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, Bishop Moore College, Mavelikara, Kerala 690 110, India
| | - Ranjna Sirohi
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136713, Republic of Korea
| | - Ayon Tarafdar
- Division of Livestock Production and Management, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243 122, India
| | - K B Arun
- Rajiv Gandhi Center for Biotechnology, Jagathy, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695 014, India
| | - Aravind Madhavan
- Rajiv Gandhi Center for Biotechnology, Jagathy, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695 014, India
| | - Parameswaran Binod
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala 695 019, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Sunita Varjani
- Paryavaran Bhavan, Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar, India
| | | | - Raveendran Sindhu
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala 695 019, India.
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Bwanali L, Holland LA. Capillary Nanogel Electrophoresis for the Determination of the β1-4 Galactosyltransferase Michaelis-Menten Constant and Real-Time Addition of Galactose Residues to N-Glycans and Glycoprotein. Anal Chem 2021; 93:11843-11851. [PMID: 34410102 PMCID: PMC8594173 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A thermally reversible nanogel is used in capillary electrophoresis to create discrete regions for a galactosyltransferase reaction and separation. The β1-4 galactosyltransferase enzyme, donor, and co-factor were patterned in the capillary. The substrate was driven through these zones and converted to galactosylated products, which were separated and identified. Using this capillary electrophoresis method, the degree of glycosylation was discernible for a pentasaccharide and for biantennary N-glycans. With the ability to distinguish between reaction products for which either one or two galactose residues were transferred, the capillary nanogel electrophoresis system was used to determine the Michaelis-Menten value, KM. For the β1-4 galactosyltransferase, the KM value obtained for a pentasaccharide substrate was 1.23 ± 0.08 mM. Once KM was established, the enzyme/substrate ratio was evaluated to add a single galactose residue or to fully galactosylate a biantennary N-glycan. Additionally, capillary nanogel electrophoresis was adapted to transfer galactose residues to protein. The applicability of the method for real-time online modification of whole protein was demonstrated with the Herceptin glycoprotein. Complete retardation by Erythrina cristagalli lectin after enzymatic modification confirmed the addition of galactose residues to the Herceptin. This demonstrated the potential of the method to be used for online modification of other glycoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lloyd Bwanali
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Lisa A. Holland
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
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Trindade Ximenes IA, de Oliveira PCO, Wegermann CA, de Moraes MC. Magnetic particles for enzyme immobilization: A versatile support for ligand screening. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 204:114286. [PMID: 34358814 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme inhibitors represent a substantial fraction of all small molecules currently in clinical use. Therefore, the early stage of drug-discovery process and development efforts are focused on the identification of new enzyme inhibitors through screening assays. The use of immobilized enzymes on solid supports to probe ligand-enzyme interactions have been employed with success not only to identify and characterize but also to isolate new ligands from complex mixtures. Between the available solid supports, magnetic particles have emerged as a promising support for enzyme immobilization due to the high superficial area, easy separation from the reaction medium and versatility. Particularly, the ligand fishing assay has been employed as a very useful tool to rapidly isolate bioactive compounds from complex mixtures, and hence the use of magnetic particles for enzyme immobilization has been widespread. Thus, this review provides a critical overview of the screening assays using immobilized enzymes on magnetic particles between 2006 and 2021.
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Liu L, Qiao J, Zhang H, Qi L. Fabrication of a porous polymer membrane enzyme reactor and its enzymatic kinetics study in an artificial kidney model. Talanta 2020; 216:120963. [PMID: 32456898 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.120963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A porous polymer membrane-based d-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) reactor was developed that mimicked enzymatic activity in a renal ischemia model. Using glycidyl methacrylate as a biocompatible reactive monomer, poly(styrene-glycidyl methacrylate) was synthesized via a reversible addition fragment chain transfer polymerization technique. The prepared porous polymer membrane was used as a support to effectively immobilize DAAO. Compared to DAAO modified on nonporous polymer membrane and free DAAO in solution, the constructed porous polymer membrane-based DAAO enzyme reactor displayed 3-fold and 19-fold increase in enzymolysis efficiency, respectively. In addition, a chiral ligand exchange capillary electrophoresis system for DAAO was used to study DAAO enzymatic kinetics with d,l-methionine as the substrate. The proposed porous polymer membrane-based enzyme reactor showed excellent performance both on reproducibility and stability. Moreover, the enzyme reactor was successfully applied to mimic DAAO activity in a renal ischemia model. These results demonstrated that the enzyme could be efficiently immobilized onto a porous polymer membrane as an enzyme reactor and has great potential in mimicking the enzymatic activity in kidney.
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Li S, Pang C, Ma X, Zhao M, Li H, Wang M, Li J, Luo J. Chiral drug fluorometry based on a calix[6]arene/molecularly imprinted polymer double recognition element grafted on nano-C-dots/Ir/Au. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:394. [PMID: 32556561 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-04356-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A luminescent double recognition nanoprobe is described as a new strategy for the selective determination of chiral molecules. C-dots/Ir/Au fluorescent nanoparticles, synthesised under hydrothermal conditions, are used as a high-performance probe in combination with a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) and calix[6]arene as a double recognition element. Thiolated calix[6]arene is grafted on C-dots/Ir/Au as the first recognition element, which then forms a host-guest complex with the target molecule levodopa (L-DOPA). Subsequently, an MIP is prepared on the C-dots/Ir/Au (MIP/C-dots/Ir/Au) by chemical polymerisation. After the removal of L-DOPA, double recognition imprinting cavities are formed. The fluorescence intensity at 478 nm of the nanoprobe is effectively quenched by adsorption of L-DOPA on MIP/C-dots/Ir/Au, which provides a method for L-DOPA determination. Owing to the double recognition strategy, this method has excellent selectivity which can effectively avoid interference from enantiomer D-DOPA, and a imprinting factor of 7.1 is obtained for L-DOPA. This accurate and reliable method, with a wide linear range (5 × 10-10 to 1.2 × 10-7 mol L-1) and a low limit of detection (1.45 × 10-10 mol L-1), was successfully applied to the determination of L-DOPA in real samples, giving standard recoveries of 89.7-110.0%. Thus, the proposed sensing method provides a viable approach for the determination of a single enantiomer. Graphical abstract Schematic presentation of the MIP/C-dots/Ir/Au for L-DOPA detection. A fluorescence double chiral recognition nanoprobe is prepared of C-dots/Ir/Au nanoparticles as signal probe, and a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) and calix[6]arene as a double recognition element. Owing to the double recognition strategy, this method has strong specificity and can effectively avoid interference from enantiomers and racemates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney J. Kristoff
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Lloyd Bwanali
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Lindsay M. Veltri
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Gayatri P. Gautam
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Patrick K. Rutto
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Ebenezer O. Newton
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Lisa A. Holland
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
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Wang J, Tan S, Liang Q, Guan H, Han Q, Ding M. Selective separation of bovine hemoglobin using magnetic mesoporous rare-earth silicate microspheres. Talanta 2019; 204:792-801. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.06.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Zhang H, Wu ZY, Yang YY, Yang FQ, Li SP. Recent applications of immobilized biomaterials in herbal analysis. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1603:216-230. [PMID: 31277949 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.06.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Immobilization of biomaterials developed rapidly due to the great promise in improving their stability, activity and even selectivity. In this review, the immobilization strategies of biomaterials, including physical adsorption, encapsulation, covalent attachment, cross-linking and affinity linkage, were briefly introduced. Then, the major emphasis was focused on the reported various types of immobilized biomaterials, including proteins, enzymes, cell membrane and artificial membrane, living cells, carbohydrates and bacteria, used in the herbal analysis for bioactive compound screening, drug-target interaction evaluation and chiral separation. In addition, a series of carrier materials applied in biomaterials immobilization, such as magnetic nanoparticles, metal-organic frameworks, silica capillary column, cellulose filter paper, cell membrane chromatography, immobilized artificial membrane chromatography and hollow fiber, were also discussed. Perspectives on further applications of immobilized biomaterials in herbal analysis were finally presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, PR China
| | - Zhao-Yu Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, PR China
| | - Yi-Yao Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, PR China
| | - Feng-Qing Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, PR China.
| | - Shao-Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, PR China.
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Bilal M, Iqbal HM. Chemical, physical, and biological coordination: An interplay between materials and enzymes as potential platforms for immobilization. Coord Chem Rev 2019; 388:1-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Wang W, Yang J. Advances in screening enzyme inhibitors by capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2019; 40:2075-2083. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei‐Feng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou P. R. China
| | - Jun‐Li Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou P. R. China
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Sun Y, Li C, Niu X, Pan C, Zhang H, Wang W, Chen H, Chen X. Rapid and mild fabrication of protein membrane coated capillary based on supramolecular assemble for chiral separation in capillary electrochromatography. Talanta 2019; 195:190-196. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Cheng G, Xing J, Pi Z, Liu S, Liu Z, Song F. α-Glucosidase immobilization on functionalized Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles for screening of enzyme inhibitors. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Zhao L, Qiao J, Moon MH, Qi L. Construction of a thermoresponsive magnetic porous polymer membrane enzyme reactor for glutaminase kinetics study. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:5211-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1169-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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