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Alfaro-Santafé JV, Alfaro-Santafé J, Lanuza-Cerzócimo C, Gómez-Bernal A, Pérez-Morcillo A, Almenar-Arasanz AJ, Mena-Tobar A, Laclériga-Giménez AF. Locally linear embedding and plantar pressure-time graph selection in heel pain classification: An observational, case-control study. J Biomech 2021; 128:110784. [PMID: 34628198 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Plantar heel pain mainly manifests during the gait cycle when the whole foot is in contact with the floor, which corresponds to the second rocker of the gait. This moment can be studied through the analysis of pressure-time graphs obtained using plantar pressure plate systems. However, these graphs are complex, and a dimensionality reduction method, such as locally linear embedding (LLE), greatly assists in their comprehension. This observational, case-control pilot study included 45 subjects divided into case (n = 21) and control (n = 24) groups, depending on the presence/absence of plantar heel pain. The second rocker pressure-time graphs of the 45 subjects were obtained using the Footwork Pro® plantar pressure plate system. These graphs were analyzed and defined as the dynamic simultaneity surfaces (DSSs). This complex structure was composed of four dimensions: the dynamic simultaneity time (DST), slope upward grade (α), slope downward grade (β), and height (h), and were reduced into one dimension and classified into pathological and non-pathological subjects using the LLE method. All 45 DSSs were successfully reduced and classified to distinguish between the case (plantar heel pain) and control (non-plantar heel pain) subjects. This study is the first to use the LLE method for gait analysis. This method serves as a novel and promising tool for the study and classification of pathological and non-pathological gait cycles. This method opens the door for future research and analysis, with significant potential to assess diagnosis, treatment follow-up, and injury prevention in physical medicine consultations.
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Affiliation(s)
- José-Víctor Alfaro-Santafé
- R & D Department, Biomechanical Unit, Podoactiva Headquarters, Huesca, Spain; Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, San Jorge University, Villanueva de Gállego, Spain.
| | - Javier Alfaro-Santafé
- R & D Department, Biomechanical Unit, Podoactiva Headquarters, Huesca, Spain; Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, San Jorge University, Villanueva de Gállego, Spain.
| | - Carla Lanuza-Cerzócimo
- R & D Department, Biomechanical Unit, Podoactiva Headquarters, Huesca, Spain; Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, San Jorge University, Villanueva de Gállego, Spain.
| | - Antonio Gómez-Bernal
- R & D Department, Biomechanical Unit, Podoactiva Headquarters, Huesca, Spain; Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, San Jorge University, Villanueva de Gállego, Spain.
| | | | - Alejandro-Jesús Almenar-Arasanz
- R & D Department, Biomechanical Unit, Podoactiva Headquarters, Huesca, Spain; Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, San Jorge University, Villanueva de Gállego, Spain.
| | | | - Antonio-Francisco Laclériga-Giménez
- Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, San Jorge University, Villanueva de Gállego, Spain; Service of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumathology, Miguel Servet Universitary Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain.
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Tice RR, Bassan A, Amberg A, Anger LT, Beal MA, Bellion P, Benigni R, Birmingham J, Brigo A, Bringezu F, Ceriani L, Crooks I, Cross K, Elespuru R, Faulkner DM, Fortin MC, Fowler P, Frericks M, Gerets HHJ, Jahnke GD, Jones DR, Kruhlak NL, Lo Piparo E, Lopez-Belmonte J, Luniwal A, Luu A, Madia F, Manganelli S, Manickam B, Mestres J, Mihalchik-Burhans AL, Neilson L, Pandiri A, Pavan M, Rider CV, Rooney JP, Trejo-Martin A, Watanabe-Sailor KH, White AT, Woolley D, Myatt GJ. In Silico Approaches In Carcinogenicity Hazard Assessment: Current Status and Future Needs. Comput Toxicol 2021; 20. [PMID: 35368437 DOI: 10.1016/j.comtox.2021.100191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Historically, identifying carcinogens has relied primarily on tumor studies in rodents, which require enormous resources in both money and time. In silico models have been developed for predicting rodent carcinogens but have not yet found general regulatory acceptance, in part due to the lack of a generally accepted protocol for performing such an assessment as well as limitations in predictive performance and scope. There remains a need for additional, improved in silico carcinogenicity models, especially ones that are more human-relevant, for use in research and regulatory decision-making. As part of an international effort to develop in silico toxicological protocols, a consortium of toxicologists, computational scientists, and regulatory scientists across several industries and governmental agencies evaluated the extent to which in silico models exist for each of the recently defined 10 key characteristics (KCs) of carcinogens. This position paper summarizes the current status of in silico tools for the assessment of each KC and identifies the data gaps that need to be addressed before a comprehensive in silico carcinogenicity protocol can be developed for regulatory use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond R Tice
- RTice Consulting, Hillsborough, North Carolina, 27278, USA
| | | | - Alexander Amberg
- Sanofi Preclinical Safety, Industriepark Höchst, 65926 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lennart T Anger
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Marc A Beal
- Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Government of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0K9
| | | | | | - Jeffrey Birmingham
- GlaxoSmithKline, David Jack Centre for R&D, Ware, Hertfordshire, SG12 0DP, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandro Brigo
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research & Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation, Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, CH-4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Lidia Ceriani
- Humane Society International, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ian Crooks
- British American Tobacco (Investments) Ltd, GR&D Centre, Southampton, SO15 8TL, United Kingdom
| | | | - Rosalie Elespuru
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20993, USA
| | - David M Faulkner
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Marie C Fortin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08855, USA
| | - Paul Fowler
- FSTox Consulting (Genetic Toxicology), Northamptonshire, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Gloria D Jahnke
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709, USA
| | | | - Naomi L Kruhlak
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20993, USA
| | - Elena Lo Piparo
- Chemical Food Safety Group, Nestlé Research, CH-1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland
| | - Juan Lopez-Belmonte
- Cuts Ice Ltd Chemical Food Safety Group, Nestlé Research, CH-1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland
| | - Amarjit Luniwal
- North American Science Associates (NAMSA) Inc., Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55426, USA
| | - Alice Luu
- Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Government of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0K9
| | - Federica Madia
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Serena Manganelli
- Chemical Food Safety Group, Nestlé Research, CH-1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland
| | | | - Jordi Mestres
- IMIM Institut Hospital Del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques and Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Doctor Aiguader 88, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; and Chemotargets SL, Baldiri Reixac 4, Parc Científic de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Louise Neilson
- Broughton Nicotine Services, Oak Tree House, Earby, Lancashire, BB18 6JZ United Kingdom
| | - Arun Pandiri
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709, USA
| | | | - Cynthia V Rider
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709, USA
| | - John P Rooney
- Integrated Laboratory Systems, LLC., Morrisville, North Carolina, 27560, USA
| | | | - Karen H Watanabe-Sailor
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, West Campus, Glendale, Arizona, 85306, USA
| | - Angela T White
- GlaxoSmithKline, David Jack Centre for R&D, Ware, Hertfordshire, SG12 0DP, United Kingdom
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Low ST, Ferraz APCR, Maio R, Francisqueti FV, Pierine DT, Borges WNS, de Carvalho AD, de Lima GP, Ferreira ALA, dos Santos KC, Corrêa CR. Factors that influence the redox state in children: An exploratory study. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2018; 73:e335. [PMID: 30365819 PMCID: PMC6178865 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2018/e335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of the redox state via malondialdehyde (MDA) as a lipid peroxidation biomarker and hydrophilic antioxidant capacity (HAC) with dietary, anthropometric, demographic, socio-economic and clinical variables as well as the serum concentrations of vitamins in children aged 20-36 months. This cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2013 to May 2014 and included a total of 100 children. METHODS The variables studied included anthropometric measurements, dietary intake by the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), socio-demographic features, clinical attributes, serum redox status, and serum vitamin concentrations. RESULTS Children with a family income above the minimum wage and adequate body mass index (BMI) presented higher HAC. The MDA concentration was higher in children older than 24 months. Breastfeeding for up to 120 days provided greater antioxidant capacity. Children classified in the 2nd tertile for "fruit and vegetables" and "milk and dairy products" consumption showed lower levels of MDA. There was a positive correlation of MDA with serum vitamin A levels. These results show that among children in the 20-36 months age group, family income, breastfeeding, BMI and intake of fruits and vegetables can have an influence on the imbalance of the redox state. CONCLUSION One strategy to prevent the imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants could be for health professionals to raise awareness among families, as such knowledge could repress/prevent the progression/initiation of several diseases in adult life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Regiane Maio
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, BR
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