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Yang Q, Li A, Wang C, Yang J, Li M, Zhu H, Lu D, Zhu Z, Ye L. Fully genotyping and screening of clinically important blood-group antigens by MALDI TOF mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 2024; 45:548-556. [PMID: 38185764 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202300138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Several molecular biology methods are available for high-throughput blood typing. In this study, we aimed to build a high-throughput blood-group genetic screening system for high-frequency blood-group antigen-negative rare-blood groups in donors and patients. The amplification primers for all blood-type gene fragments involving the selected alleles were designed for detection. Single-base extend primers were also designed based on specific loci. DNA fragments were detected by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MS) for the last nucleotide identification of amplification products in the extend step. The accuracy was verified by known samples. Thirty-six random samples were detected by serological tests and sequencing to verify the system stability. After verification, according to the collected known rare-blood-type samples, all the alleles designed to be detected matched with the validated single-nucleotide polymorphisms. The verification tests showed that all genotyping results of the random samples were in accordance with the findings of serotyping and sequencing. Then, 1258 random donor samples were screened by the built typing system after the verification. Three Fy(a-) and four s- were screened out in 1258 random blood samples. The multiple polymerase chain reaction-based MS detection system can be used in rare-blood-type screening with good accuracy and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixiu Yang
- Immunohematology Lab, Shanghai Institute of Blood Transfusion, Shanghai Blood Center, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Aijing Li
- Immunohematology Lab, Shanghai Institute of Blood Transfusion, Shanghai Blood Center, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Chen Wang
- Immunohematology Lab, Shanghai Institute of Blood Transfusion, Shanghai Blood Center, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxuan Yang
- Immunohematology Lab, Shanghai Institute of Blood Transfusion, Shanghai Blood Center, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Minghao Li
- Immunohematology Lab, Shanghai Institute of Blood Transfusion, Shanghai Blood Center, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Huijun Zhu
- Immunohematology Lab, Shanghai Institute of Blood Transfusion, Shanghai Blood Center, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Daru Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health (Chongqing Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health, Chongqing Population and Family Planning Science and Technology Research Institute), Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Ziyan Zhu
- Immunohematology Lab, Shanghai Institute of Blood Transfusion, Shanghai Blood Center, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Luyi Ye
- Immunohematology Lab, Shanghai Institute of Blood Transfusion, Shanghai Blood Center, Shanghai, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
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Gueuning M, Thun GA, Trost N, Schneider L, Sigurdardottir S, Engström C, Larbes N, Merki Y, Frey BM, Gassner C, Meyer S, Mattle-Greminger MP. Resolving Genotype-Phenotype Discrepancies of the Kidd Blood Group System Using Long-Read Nanopore Sequencing. Biomedicines 2024; 12:225. [PMID: 38275395 PMCID: PMC10813000 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to substantial improvements in read accuracy, third-generation long-read sequencing holds great potential in blood group diagnostics, particularly in cases where traditional genotyping or sequencing techniques, primarily targeting exons, fail to explain serological phenotypes. In this study, we employed Oxford Nanopore sequencing to resolve all genotype-phenotype discrepancies in the Kidd blood group system (JK, encoded by SLC14A1) observed over seven years of routine high-throughput donor genotyping using a mass spectrometry-based platform at the Blood Transfusion Service, Zurich. Discrepant results from standard serological typing and donor genotyping were confirmed using commercial PCR-SSP kits. To resolve discrepancies, we amplified the entire coding region of SLC14A1 (~24 kb, exons 3 to 10) in two overlapping long-range PCRs in all samples. Amplicons were barcoded and sequenced on a MinION flow cell. Sanger sequencing and bridge-PCRs were used to confirm findings. Among 11,972 donors with both serological and genotype data available for the Kidd system, we identified 10 cases with unexplained conflicting results. Five were linked to known weak and null alleles caused by variants not included in the routine donor genotyping. In two cases, we identified novel null alleles on the JK*01 (Gly40Asp; c.119G>A) and JK*02 (Gly242Glu; c.725G>A) haplotypes, respectively. Remarkably, the remaining three cases were associated with a yet unknown deletion of ~5 kb spanning exons 9-10 of the JK*01 allele, which other molecular methods had failed to detect. Overall, nanopore sequencing demonstrated reliable and accurate performance for detecting both single-nucleotide and structural variants. It possesses the potential to become a robust tool in the molecular diagnostic portfolio, particularly for addressing challenging structural variants such as hybrid genes, deletions and duplications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Gueuning
- Department of Research and Development, Blood Transfusion Service Zurich, Swiss Red Cross, Rütistrasse 19, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Gian Andri Thun
- Department of Research and Development, Blood Transfusion Service Zurich, Swiss Red Cross, Rütistrasse 19, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Nadine Trost
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Cytometry, Blood Transfusion Service Zurich, Swiss Red Cross, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Linda Schneider
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Cytometry, Blood Transfusion Service Zurich, Swiss Red Cross, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Sonja Sigurdardottir
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Cytometry, Blood Transfusion Service Zurich, Swiss Red Cross, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Charlotte Engström
- Department of Immunohematology, Blood Transfusion Service Zurich, Swiss Red Cross, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (C.E.)
| | - Naemi Larbes
- Department of Immunohematology, Blood Transfusion Service Zurich, Swiss Red Cross, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (C.E.)
| | - Yvonne Merki
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Cytometry, Blood Transfusion Service Zurich, Swiss Red Cross, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Beat M. Frey
- Department of Research and Development, Blood Transfusion Service Zurich, Swiss Red Cross, Rütistrasse 19, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Cytometry, Blood Transfusion Service Zurich, Swiss Red Cross, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
- Department of Immunohematology, Blood Transfusion Service Zurich, Swiss Red Cross, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (C.E.)
| | - Christoph Gassner
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Private University in the Principality of Liechtenstein, 9495 Triesen, Liechtenstein;
| | - Stefan Meyer
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Cytometry, Blood Transfusion Service Zurich, Swiss Red Cross, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Maja P. Mattle-Greminger
- Department of Research and Development, Blood Transfusion Service Zurich, Swiss Red Cross, Rütistrasse 19, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
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Rieneck K, Krog GR, Clausen FB, Egeberg Hother C, Dziegiel MH. Blood donor genotyping for prediction of blood group antigens: Results from 5 years' experience (2017-2022). Vox Sang 2023; 118:980-987. [PMID: 37671771 DOI: 10.1111/vox.13524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES For 5 years, routine genotyping has been performed for selected blood groups of blood donors in the Copenhagen Capital Region, Denmark. The result is summarized in the following. MATERIALS AND METHODS Genotyping was carried out by an external service provider using the competitive allele specific PCR (KASP) technology. The genotypes were returned to the blood bank and translated into phenotypes by a proprietary IT application. RESULTS In total, 65 alleles from 16 blood group systems (ABO, MNS, Rh, Lutheran, Kell, Duffy, Kidd, Diego, Yt, Dombrock, Colton, Landsteiner-Wiener, Cromer, Knops, Vel, secretor status) and the HPA1, HPA5 and HPA15 antigens were interrogated. After translation, phenotypes were imported into the laboratory information management system of the blood bank. The results from 31,538 genotyped blood donors were used to calculate the allele frequencies for a Danish blood donor population. ABO genotyping was done for sample ID purposes. Determination of the 1061delC single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (NM_020469.2), most frequently characteristic of ABO*A2, was validated against a series of 1287 samples with Dolichos biflorus lectin determination of the A1 phenotype. CONCLUSION We report allele frequencies and phenotype frequencies for 16 blood groups from a total of 31,538 genotyped blood donors. Blood products were supplied from a total of 64,312 active blood donors, and of these active blood donors 25,396 (39.5%) were genotyped. These donors represent a valuable resource for patient treatment. This genotyping has enabled the provision of rare genotyped donor blood for patients with alloantibodies and rare reagent cells for serology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Rieneck
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 2034, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Grethe Risum Krog
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 2034, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Morten Hanefeld Dziegiel
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 2034, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Kim TY, Yu H, Phan MTT, Jang JH, Cho D. Application of Blood Group Genotyping by Next-Generation Sequencing in Various Immunohaematology Cases. Transfus Med Hemother 2022; 49:88-96. [PMID: 35611383 PMCID: PMC9082207 DOI: 10.1159/000517565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology has been recently introduced into blood group genotyping; however, there are few studies using NGS-based blood group genotyping in real-world clinical settings. In this study, we applied NGS-based blood group genotyping into various immunohaematology cases encountered in routine clinical practice. METHODS This study included 4 immunohaematology cases: ABO subgroup, ABO chimerism, antibody to a high-frequency antigen (HFA), and anti-CD47 interference. We designed a hybridization capture-based NGS panel targeting 39 blood group-related genes and applied it to the 4 cases. RESULTS NGS analysis revealed a novel intronic variant (NM_020469.3:c.29-10T>G) in a patient with an Ael phenotype and detected a small fraction of ABO*A1.02 (approximately 3-6%) coexisting with the major genotype ABO*B.01/O.01.02 in dizygotic twins. In addition, NGS analysis found a homozygous stop-gain variant (NM_004827.3:c.376C>T, p.Gln126*; ABCG2*01N.01) in a patient with an antibody to an HFA; consequently, this patient's phenotype was predicted as Jr(a-). Lastly, blood group phenotypes predicted by NGS were concordant with those determined by serology in 2 patients treated with anti-CD47 drugs. CONCLUSION NGS-based blood group genotyping can be used for identifying ABO subgroup alleles, low levels of blood group chimerism, and antibodies to HFAs. Furthermore, it can be applied to extended blood group antigen matching for patients treated with anti-CD47 drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Yeul Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - HongBi Yu
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minh-Trang Thi Phan
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja-Hyun Jang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Duck Cho
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion is one of the most frequently performed clinical procedures and therapies to improve tissue oxygen delivery in hospitalized patients worldwide. Generally, the cross-match is the mandatory test in place to meet the clinical needs of RBC transfusion by examining donor-recipient compatibility with antigens and antibodies of blood groups. Blood groups are usually an individual's combination of antigens on the surface of RBCs, typically of the ABO blood group system and the RH blood group system. Accurate and reliable blood group typing is critical before blood transfusion. Serological testing is the routine method for blood group typing based on hemagglutination reactions with RBC antigens against specific antibodies. Nevertheless, emerging technologies for blood group testing may be alternative and supplemental approaches when serological methods cannot determine blood groups. Moreover, some new technologies, such as the evolving applications of blood group genotyping, can precisely identify variant antigens for clinical significance. Therefore, this review mainly presents a clinical overview and perspective of emerging technologies in blood group testing based on the literature. Collectively, this may highlight the most promising strategies and promote blood group typing development to ensure blood transfusion safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yang Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Kai Guo
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Kai Guo
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Yang MH, Chen JW, Wei ST, Hou SM, Chen YJ. The efficacy of ethnic specific blood groups genotyping for routine donor investigation and rare donor identification in Taiwan. Vox Sang 2021; 117:99-108. [PMID: 34159602 DOI: 10.1111/vox.13133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Large-scale single nucleotide variation (SNV)-based blood group genotyping assays have been made available for over a decade. Due to differences in ethnic groups, there is much diversity in clinically important blood group antigens and genetic variants. Here, we developed a robust matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF)-based blood group genotyping method on MassARRAY system. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 1428 donors were enrolled into three groups: (a) reagent red cell donors; (b) rare donor or common antigen-negative donors; and (c) group O, R1 R1 /R2 R2 donors. Forty-two SNVs were designed for determining nine blood groups, with X/Y chromosome in two multiplex reactions, on MassARRAY 96-well format system. Further targeted sequence analyses were performed by Sanger sequencing. RESULTS WHO reference reagent (NIBSC code: 11/214) was tested for concordance with the provided genotype results. Among the donors, concordance rate was over 99%. Alleles of important phenotypes such as Mi(a+), Di(a+), and Asian-type DEL and alleles of rare blood groups such as Fy(a-), Jk(a-b-) and s- were screened. Three types of discrepancies were found. Serologically, the 'N' antigen was expressed on genetically MM with GYP*Mur red blood cells and caused genuine discrepancies (9.5%). Genetically, allele dropout (ADO) was caused by rare SNV in the primer for Ss genotype (2.1%) and partial insertion of RHD genes (0.9%) led to difficulties in predicting phenotypes. CONCLUSION Hemo panel module and MassARRAY System in 96-well format showed good performance in terms of large-scale blood group genotyping and phenotype predictions. Implementation of this method is effective for routine blood group genotype screening of donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Hua Yang
- Head Office, Taiwan Blood Services Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Wei Chen
- Head Office, Taiwan Blood Services Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Tang Wei
- Head Office, Taiwan Blood Services Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Mou Hou
- Head Office, Taiwan Blood Services Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yann-Jang Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Veteran General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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7
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Stef M, Fennell K, Apraiz I, Arteta D, González C, Nogués N, Ochoa‐Garay G. RH
genotyping by nonspecific quantitative next‐generation sequencing. Transfusion 2020; 60:2691-2701. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.16034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Stef
- Grifols Diagnostic Solutions Laboratories San Marcos Texas USA
| | - Katie Fennell
- Grifols Diagnostic Solutions Laboratories San Marcos Texas USA
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Gassner C, Denomme GA, Portmann C, Bensing KM, Mattle-Greminger MP, Meyer S, Trost N, Song YL, Engström C, Jungbauer C, Just B, Storry JR, Forster M, Franke A, Frey BM. Two Prevalent ∼100-kb GYPB Deletions Causative of the GPB-Deficient Blood Group MNS Phenotype S-s-U- in Black Africans. Transfus Med Hemother 2020; 47:326-336. [PMID: 32884505 PMCID: PMC7443675 DOI: 10.1159/000504946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The U antigen (MNS5) is one of 49 antigens belonging to the MNS blood group system (ISBT002) carried on glycophorins A (GPA) and B (GPB). U is present on the red blood cells in almost all Europeans and Asians but absent in approximately 1.0% of Black Africans. U negativity coincides with negativity for S (MNS3) and s (MNS4) on GPB, thus be called S-s-U-, and is thought to arise from homozygous deletion of GYPB. Little is known about the molecular background of these deletions. Bioinformatic analysis of the 1000 Genomes Project data revealed several candidate regions with apparent deletions in GYPB. Highly specific Gap-PCRs, only resulting in positive amplification from DNAs with deletions present, allowed for the exact genetic localization of 3 different breakpoints; 110.24- and 103.26-kb deletions were proven to be the most frequent in Black Americans and Africans. Among 157 CEPH DNAs, deletions in 6 out of 8 African ethnicities were present. Allele frequencies of the deletions within African ethnicities varied greatly and reached a cumulative 23.3% among the Mbuti Pygmy people from the Congo. Similar observations were made for U+var alleles, known to cause strongly reduced GPB expression. The 110- and 103-kb deletional GYPB haplotypes were found to represent the most prevalent hereditary factors causative of the MNS blood group phenotype S-s-U-. Respective GYPB deletions are now accessible by molecular detection of homo- and hemizygous transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Gassner
- Independent at www.c-gassner.bio, Zurich, Switzerland
- Molecular Diagnostics and Research and Development, Blood Transfusion Service Zurich, Swiss Red Cross (SRC), Schlieren, Switzerland
| | | | - Claudia Portmann
- Molecular Diagnostics and Research and Development, Blood Transfusion Service Zurich, Swiss Red Cross (SRC), Schlieren, Switzerland
| | | | - Maja P. Mattle-Greminger
- Molecular Diagnostics and Research and Development, Blood Transfusion Service Zurich, Swiss Red Cross (SRC), Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Meyer
- Molecular Diagnostics and Research and Development, Blood Transfusion Service Zurich, Swiss Red Cross (SRC), Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Nadine Trost
- Molecular Diagnostics and Research and Development, Blood Transfusion Service Zurich, Swiss Red Cross (SRC), Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Young-Lan Song
- Molecular Diagnostics and Research and Development, Blood Transfusion Service Zurich, Swiss Red Cross (SRC), Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Charlotte Engström
- Molecular Diagnostics and Research and Development, Blood Transfusion Service Zurich, Swiss Red Cross (SRC), Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Christof Jungbauer
- Blood Service for Vienna, Lower Austria, and Burgenland, Austrian Red Cross, Vienna, Austria
| | - Burkhard Just
- German Red Cross Blood Donation Service West, Hagen, Germany
| | - Jill R. Storry
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Michael Forster
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Beat M. Frey
- Head Office, Blood Transfusion Service Zürich, Swiss Red Cross (SRC), Schlieren, Switzerland
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Nathalang O, Intharanut K, Leetrakool N, Mitundee S, Kupatawintu P. Impact of using genotyping to predict SERF negative phenotype in Thai blood donor populations. Blood Res 2020; 55:107-111. [PMID: 32408415 PMCID: PMC7343545 DOI: 10.5045/br.2020.2020042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background SERF(+) is a high prevalence antigen in the Cromer blood group system that is encoded by a CROM*01.12 allele. The SERF(-) on red cells is caused by a single nucleotide variation, c.647C>T, in exon 5 of the Decay-accelerating factor,DAF gene. Alloanti-SERF was found in a pregnant Thai woman, and a SERF(-) individual was found among Thai blood donors. Since anti-SERF is commercially unavailable, this study aimed to develop appropriate genotyping methods for CROM*01.12 and CROM*01.-12 alleles and predict the SERF(-) phenotype in Thai blood donors. Methods DNA samples obtained from 1,580 central, 300 northern, and 427 southern Thai blood donors were genotyped for CROM*01.12 and CROM*01.-12 allele detection using in-house PCR with sequence-specific primer (PCR-SSP) confirmed by DNA sequencing. Results Validity of the PCR-SSP genotyping results agreed with DNA sequencing; CROM*01.12/CROM*01.12 was the most common (98.42%, 98.00%, and 98.59%), followed by CROM*01.12/CROM*01.-12 (1.58%, 2.00%, and 1.41%) among central, northern, and southern Thais, respectively. CROM*01.-12/CROM*01.-12 was not detected in all three populations. The alleles found in central Thais did not significantly differ from those found in northern and southern Thais. Conclusion This study is the first to distinguish the predicted SERF phenotypes from genotyping results obtained using in-house PCR-SSP, confirming that the CROM*01.-12 allele frequency ranged from 0.007 to 0.010 in three Thai populations. This helps identify the SERF(-) phenotype among donors and patients, ultimately preventing adverse transfusion reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oytip Nathalang
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumtani, Thailand
| | - Kamphon Intharanut
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumtani, Thailand
| | - Nipapan Leetrakool
- Blood Bank Section, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Supattra Mitundee
- Regional Blood Centre 12th Songkhla, Thai Red Cross Society, Songkhla, Thailand
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10
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Flesch BK, Scherer V, Just B, Opitz A, Ochmann O, Janson A, Steitz M, Zeiler T. Molecular Blood Group Screening in Donors from Arabian Countries and Iran Using High-Throughput MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry and PCR-SSP. Transfus Med Hemother 2020; 47:396-408. [PMID: 33173458 DOI: 10.1159/000505495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Only little is known about blood groups other than ABO blood groups and Rhesus factors in Arabian countries and Iran. During the last years, increased migration to Central Europe has put a focus on the question how to guarantee blood supply for patients from these countries, particularly because hemoglobinopathies with the need of regular blood support are more frequent in patients from that region. Therefore, blood group allele frequencies should be determined in individuals from Arabian countries and Iran by molecular typing and compared to a German rare donor panel. Methods 1,111 samples including 800 individuals from Syria, 147 from Iran, 123 from the Arabian Peninsula, and 41 from Northern African countries were included in a MALDI-TOF MS assay to detect polymorphisms coding for Kk, Fy(a/b), Fy<sub>null</sub>, C<sub>w</sub>, Jk(a/b), Jo(a+/a-), Lu(a/b), Lu(8/14), Ss, Do(a/b), Co(a/b), In(a/b), Js(a/b), Kp(a/b), and variant alleles RHCE*c.697C>G and RHCE *c.733C>G. Yt(a/b), S-s-U-, Vel<sub>null</sub>, Co<sub>null</sub>, and RHCE *c.667G>T were tested by PCR-SSP. Results Of the Arabian donors, 2% were homozygous for the FY *02.01N allele (Fy<sub>null</sub>), and 15.7% carried the heterozygous mutation. However, 0.8% of the German donors also carried 1 copy of the allele. 3.6% of all and 29.3% of Northern African donors were heterozygous for the RHCE *c.733C>G substitution, 0.4% of the Syrian probands were heterozygous for DO *01/DO *01.-05, a genotype that was lacking in German donors. Whereas the KEL *02.06 allele coding for the Js(a) phenotype was missing in Germans; 0.8% of the Syrian donors carried 1 copy of this allele. 1.8% of the Syrian but only 0.3% of the German donors were negative for YT *01. One donor from Northern Africa homo-zygously carried the GYPB *270+5g>t mutation, inducing the S-s-U+<sup>w</sup> phenotype, and in 2 German donors a GYPB *c.161G>A exchange, which induces the Mit+ phenotype, caused a GYPB *03 allele dropout in the MALDI assay. The overall failure rate of the Arabian panel was 0.4%. Conclusions Some blood group alleles that are largely lacking in Europeans but had been described in African individuals are present in Arabian populations at a somewhat lower frequency. In single cases, it could be challenging to provide immunized Arabian patients with compatible blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Katharina Flesch
- German Red Cross Blood Service Rhineland-Palatinate and Saarland, Bad Kreuznach, Germany.,German Red Cross Blood Service West, Hagen, Germany
| | - Vanessa Scherer
- German Red Cross Blood Service Rhineland-Palatinate and Saarland, Bad Kreuznach, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Opitz
- German Red Cross Blood Service Rhineland-Palatinate and Saarland, Bad Kreuznach, Germany
| | - Oswin Ochmann
- German Red Cross Blood Service Rhineland-Palatinate and Saarland, Bad Kreuznach, Germany
| | - Anne Janson
- German Red Cross Blood Service Rhineland-Palatinate and Saarland, Bad Kreuznach, Germany
| | - Monika Steitz
- German Red Cross Blood Service Rhineland-Palatinate and Saarland, Bad Kreuznach, Germany
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11
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Scharberg E, Rink G, Portegys J, Rothenberger S, Gillhuber N, Richter E, Bugert P. The Impact of Using Genotyped Reagent Red Blood Cells in Antibody Identification. Transfus Med Hemother 2018; 45:218-224. [PMID: 30283270 DOI: 10.1159/000491884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The detection and identification of antibodies to red blood cell (RBC) antigens is one of the most important and challenging issues in transfusion medicine. Up to date there are 354 RBC antigens recognized by the International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT). The reagent RBCs used in commercial antibody screening and identification panels however are usually serologically typed for up to 40 clinically important antigens. Thus the identification of many antibody specificities remains impossible when using reagent RBCs with only limited information about their antigens. To improve the pre-transfusion diagnostics, we developed antibody identification panels with reagent RBCs serologically typed for 26 antigens and additionally genotyped for 30 blood group alleles. Methods The reagent RBCs in the panels were characterized serologically for the clinically most significant 'standard' antigens. The reagent RBC donors were additionally genotyped by using in-house PCR-SSP methods. The antibody identification was performed in the indirect antiglobulin test using untreated and papain-treated RBCs in the gel technique. Antibodies identified due to the genotype information were confirmed by serology using appropriate reference RBCs. Results Within a time period of 3 years and 8 months, 16,878 blood samples from 8,467 patients were tested in our reference laboratory. In total, 21 different antibodies from 10 different blood group systems could be identified in 126 patients (1.5%) due to the genotype information obtained for the reagent RBCs. Antibodies to antigens from the Knops system (53 patients; 42%, 8 patients with anti-Knb) and to Cartwright antigens (31 patients; 25%) were the most frequent. Conclusion The use of genotyped reagent RBCs in antibody identification panels extends the range of detectable antibody specificities, accelerates the antibody identification, and improves the pre-transfusion diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwin Scharberg
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg - Hesse, Baden-Baden, Germany
| | - Gabi Rink
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Mannheim, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessen, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jan Portegys
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Mannheim, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessen, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sina Rothenberger
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg - Hesse, Baden-Baden, Germany
| | - Nicole Gillhuber
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg - Hesse, Baden-Baden, Germany
| | - Ekkehard Richter
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg - Hesse, Baden-Baden, Germany
| | - Peter Bugert
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Mannheim, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessen, Mannheim, Germany
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12
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Gassner C, Degenhardt F, Meyer S, Vollmert C, Trost N, Neuenschwander K, Merki Y, Portmann C, Sigurdardottir S, Zorbas A, Engström C, Gottschalk J, Amar El Dusouqui S, Waldvogel-Abramovski S, Rigal E, Tissot JD, Tinguely C, Mauvais SM, Sarraj A, Bessero D, Stalder M, Infanti L, Buser A, Sigle J, Weingand T, Castelli D, Braisch MC, Thierbach J, Heer S, Schulzki T, Krawczak M, Franke A, Frey BM. Low-Frequency Blood Group Antigens in Switzerland. Transfus Med Hemother 2018; 45:239-250. [PMID: 30283273 DOI: 10.1159/000490714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High-frequency blood group antigens (HFA) are present in >90% of the human population, according to some reports even in >99% of individuals. Therefore, patients lacking HFA may become challenging for transfusion support because compatible blood is hardly found, and if the patient carries alloantibodies, the cross-match will be positive with virtual every red cell unit tested. Methods In this study, we applied high-throughput blood group SNP genotyping on >37,000 Swiss blood donors, intending to identify homozygous carriers of low-frequency blood group antigens (LFA). Results 326 such individuals were identified and made available to transfusion specialists for future support of patients in need of rare blood products. Conclusion Thorough comparison of minor allele frequencies using population genetics revealed heterogeneity of allele distributions among Swiss blood donors which may be explained by the topographical and cultural peculiarities of Switzerland. Moreover, geographically localized donor subpopulations are described which contain above-average numbers of individuals carrying rare blood group genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Gassner
- Blood Transfusion Service Zürich, Swiss Red Cross (SRC), Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Research (MOC), Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Frauke Degenhardt
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefan Meyer
- Blood Transfusion Service Zürich, Swiss Red Cross (SRC), Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Research (MOC), Schlieren, Switzerland
| | | | - Nadine Trost
- Blood Transfusion Service Zürich, Swiss Red Cross (SRC), Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Research (MOC), Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Kathrin Neuenschwander
- Blood Transfusion Service Zürich, Swiss Red Cross (SRC), Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Research (MOC), Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Yvonne Merki
- Blood Transfusion Service Zürich, Swiss Red Cross (SRC), Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Research (MOC), Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Portmann
- Blood Transfusion Service Zürich, Swiss Red Cross (SRC), Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Research (MOC), Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Sonja Sigurdardottir
- Blood Transfusion Service Zürich, Swiss Red Cross (SRC), Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Research (MOC), Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Antigoni Zorbas
- Blood Transfusion Service Zürich, SRC, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - Emmanuel Rigal
- Blood Transfusion Service Genève, SRC, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Daniel Tissot
- Blood Transfusion Service Vaud, SRC (recently merged with Interregional Blood Transfusion, SRC, Ltd., Bern), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Simon M Mauvais
- Blood Transfusion Service Neuchâtel-Jura, SRC, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Amira Sarraj
- Blood Transfusion Service Neuchâtel-Jura, SRC, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Bessero
- Blood Transfusion Service Valais, SRC (recently merged with Interregional Blood Transfusion, SRC, Ltd., Bern), Sion, Switzerland
| | - Michele Stalder
- Blood Transfusion Service Valais, SRC (recently merged with Interregional Blood Transfusion, SRC, Ltd., Bern), Sion, Switzerland
| | - Laura Infanti
- Blood Transfusion Service beider Basel, SRC, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Buser
- Blood Transfusion Service beider Basel, SRC, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jörg Sigle
- Blood Transfusion Service Aargau-Solothurn, SRC, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Tina Weingand
- Blood Transfusion Service Zentralschweiz, SRC, Luzern, Switzerland
| | - Damiano Castelli
- Blood Transfusion Service Svizzera Italiana, SRC, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Monica C Braisch
- Blood Transfusion Service Ostschweiz, SRC, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Jutta Thierbach
- Blood Transfusion Service Ostschweiz, SRC, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Sonja Heer
- Blood Transfusion Service Graubünden, SRC, Chur, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Schulzki
- Blood Transfusion Service Graubünden, SRC, Chur, Switzerland
| | - Michael Krawczak
- Institute for Medical Informatics and Statistics, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Beat M Frey
- Blood Transfusion Service Zürich, SRC, Schlieren, Switzerland
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13
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Jongruamklang P, Gassner C, Meyer S, Kummasook A, Darlison M, Boonlum C, Chanta S, Frey BM, Olsson ML, Storry JR. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis of 36 blood group alleles among 396 Thai samples reveals region-specific variants. Transfusion 2018; 58:1752-1762. [PMID: 29656499 DOI: 10.1111/trf.14624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood group phenotype variation has been attributed to potential resistance to pathogen invasion. Variation was mapped in blood donors from Lampang (northern region) and Saraburi (central region), Thailand, where malaria is endemic. The previously unknown blood group allele profiles were characterized and the data were correlated with phenotypes. The high incidence of the Vel-negative phenotype previously reported in Thais was investigated. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS DNA from 396 blood donors was analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Outliers were investigated by serology and DNA sequencing. Allele discrimination assays for SMIM1 rs1175550A/G and ACKR1 rs118062001C/T were performed and correlated with antigen expression. RESULTS All samples were phenotyped for Rh, MNS, and K. Genotyping/phenotyping for RhD, K, and S/s showed 100% concordance. Investigation of three RHCE outliers revealed an e-variant antigen encoded by RHCE*02.22. Screening for rs147357308 (RHCE c.667T) revealed a frequency of 3.3%. MN typing discrepancies in 41 samples revealed glycophorin variants, of which 40 of 41 were due to Mia . Nine samples (2.3%) were heterozygous for FY*01W.01 (c.265C > T), and six samples (1.5%) were heterozygous for JK*02N.01. All samples were wildtype SMIM1 homozygotes with 97% homozygosity for rs1175550A. CONCLUSIONS Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry is an efficient method for rapid routine genotyping and investigation of outliers identified novel variation among our samples. The expected high prevalence of the Mi(a+) phenotype was observed from both regions. Of potential clinical relevance in a region where transfusion-dependent thalassemia is common, we identified two RHCE*02 alleles known to encode an e-variant antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philaiphon Jongruamklang
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Christoph Gassner
- Molecular Diagnostics & Research (MOC), Blood Transfusion Service Zürich, Zürich-Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Meyer
- Molecular Diagnostics & Research (MOC), Blood Transfusion Service Zürich, Zürich-Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Aksarakorn Kummasook
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Marion Darlison
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Chayanun Boonlum
- Transfusion Medicine, Department of Medical Technology and Clinical Laboratory, Saraburi Hospital, Saraburi, Thailand
| | - Surin Chanta
- Transfusion Medicine, Department of Medical Technology and Clinical Laboratory, Lampang Hospital, Lampang, Thailand
| | - Beat M Frey
- Molecular Diagnostics & Research (MOC), Blood Transfusion Service Zürich, Zürich-Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Martin L Olsson
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Laboratory Medicine, Office of Medical Services, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jill R Storry
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Laboratory Medicine, Office of Medical Services, Lund, Sweden
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14
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Tanaka M, Kamada I, Takahashi J, Kimura T, Tani Y. Genotyping of theABCG2gene using Matrix-Associated Laser Desorption/Ionisation, Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. Transfus Med 2017; 28:255-260. [DOI: 10.1111/tme.12474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Tanaka
- Japanese Red Cross Kinki Block Blood Center; Osaka Japan
| | - I. Kamada
- Japanese Red Cross Kinki Block Blood Center; Osaka Japan
| | - J. Takahashi
- Japanese Red Cross Kinki Block Blood Center; Osaka Japan
| | - T. Kimura
- Japanese Red Cross Kinki Block Blood Center; Osaka Japan
| | - Y. Tani
- Japanese Red Cross Kinki Block Blood Center; Osaka Japan
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15
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Sillence KA, Halawani AJ, Tounsi WA, Clarke KA, Kiernan M, Madgett TE, Avent ND. Rapid RHD Zygosity Determination Using Digital PCR. Clin Chem 2017; 63:1388-1397. [PMID: 28615230 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2016.268698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paternal zygosity testing is used for determining homo- or hemizygosity of RHD in pregnancies that are at a risk of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn. At present, this is achieved by using real-time PCR or the Rhesus box PCR, which can be difficult to interpret and unreliable, particularly for black African populations. METHODS DNA samples extracted from 53 blood donors were analyzed using 2 multiplex reactions for RHD-specific targets against a reference (AGO1)2 to determine gene dosage by digital PCR. Results were compared with serological data, and the correct genotype for 2 discordant results was determined by long-range PCR (LR-PCR), next-generation sequencing, and conventional Sanger sequencing. RESULTS The results showed clear and reliable determination of RHD zygosity using digital PCR and revealed that 4 samples did not match the serologically predicted genotype. Sanger sequencing and long-range PCR followed by next-generation sequencing revealed that the correct genotypes for samples 729M and 351D, which were serologically typed as R1R2 (DCe/DcE), were R2r' (DcE/dCe) for 729M and R1r″ (DCe/dcE), R0ry (Dce/dCE), or RZr (DCE/dce) for 351D, in concordance with the digital PCR data. CONCLUSIONS Digital PCR provides a highly accurate method to rapidly define blood group zygosity and has clinical application in the analysis of Rh phenotyped or genotyped samples. The vast majority of current blood group genotyping platforms are not designed to define zygosity, and thus, this technique may be used to define paternal RH zygosity in pregnancies that are at a risk of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn and can distinguish between homo- and hemizygous RHD-positive individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Sillence
- School of Biomedical and Healthcare Sciences, Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth, UK
| | - Amr J Halawani
- School of Biomedical and Healthcare Sciences, Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth, UK
| | - Wajnat A Tounsi
- School of Biomedical and Healthcare Sciences, Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth, UK
| | - Kirsty A Clarke
- School of Biomedical and Healthcare Sciences, Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth, UK
| | - Michele Kiernan
- School of Biomedical and Healthcare Sciences, Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth, UK
| | - Tracey E Madgett
- School of Biomedical and Healthcare Sciences, Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth, UK.
| | - Neil D Avent
- School of Biomedical and Healthcare Sciences, Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth, UK
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16
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Hong X, Chen S, Ying Y, Liu Y, Xu X, He J, Zhu F. Simultaneous genotyping of human platelet alloantigen-1 to 28bw systems by multiplex polymerase chain reaction sequence-based typing. Vox Sang 2017; 112:360-366. [PMID: 28370062 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Human platelet alloantigen (HPA) genotyping is important for the diagnosis and prevention the alloimmune platelet disorders. In this study, a simultaneous genotyping method for HPA-1 to -28bw systems was established using multiplex PCR-SBT and the frequencies of genotypes and alleles of HPA-1 to -28bw systems in the Zhejiang Han population were analysed. MATERIALS AND METHODS The specific primers were designed according to the nucleotide sequences of HPA-1 to 28bw systems which are located in ITGB3, GP1BA, ITGA2B, ITGA2, GP1BB and CD109, respectively. The multiplex PCR amplification systems were used, and then, the amplicons were purified and sequenced. A total of 335 healthy volunteer blood donors were detected. RESULTS The genotypes of ten reference samples from Platelet Immunology Workshop of ISBT were in concordance with the known genotypes. Among the 28 HPA systems, HPA a and b alleles were found in HPA-1 to 6w, HPA-15 and HPA-21w systems in the Chinese Han population, while only HPA aa genotype was detected in the other HPA systems. The frequencies of HPA-1a and HPA-1b were 0·993 and 0·007, with 0·943 and 0·057 for HPA-2a and HPA-2b, 0·527 and 0·473 for HPA-3a and HPA-3b, 0·997 and 0·003 for HPA-4a and HPA-4b, 0·991 and 0·009 for HPA-5a and HPA-5b, 0·980 and 0·020 for HPA-6wa and HPA-6wb, 0·508 and 0·492 for HPA-15a and HPA-15b and 0·994 and 0·006 for HPA-21wa and HPA-21wb. CONCLUSIONS One multiplex PCR-SBT method for HPAs was established and the data of the study could help to prevent and treat for alloimmune thrombocytopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Hong
- Blood Center of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Blood Safety Research, Ministry of Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Blood Safety Research, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - S Chen
- Blood Center of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Blood Safety Research, Ministry of Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Blood Safety Research, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Y Ying
- Blood Center of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Blood Safety Research, Ministry of Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Blood Safety Research, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Y Liu
- Blood Center of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Blood Safety Research, Ministry of Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Blood Safety Research, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - X Xu
- Blood Center of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Blood Safety Research, Ministry of Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Blood Safety Research, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - J He
- Blood Center of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Blood Safety Research, Ministry of Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Blood Safety Research, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - F Zhu
- Blood Center of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Blood Safety Research, Ministry of Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Blood Safety Research, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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17
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Schoeman EM, Lopez GH, McGowan EC, Millard GM, O'Brien H, Roulis EV, Liew YW, Martin JR, McGrath KA, Powley T, Flower RL, Hyland CA. Evaluation of targeted exome sequencing for 28 protein-based blood group systems, including the homologous gene systems, for blood group genotyping. Transfusion 2017; 57:1078-1088. [PMID: 28338218 DOI: 10.1111/trf.14054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood group single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping probes for a limited range of polymorphisms. This study investigated whether massively parallel sequencing (also known as next-generation sequencing), with a targeted exome strategy, provides an extended blood group genotype and the extent to which massively parallel sequencing correctly genotypes in homologous gene systems, such as RH and MNS. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Donor samples (n = 28) that were extensively phenotyped and genotyped using single nucleotide polymorphism typing, were analyzed using the TruSight One Sequencing Panel and MiSeq platform. Genes for 28 protein-based blood group systems, GATA1, and KLF1 were analyzed. Copy number variation analysis was used to characterize complex structural variants in the GYPC and RH systems. RESULTS The average sequencing depth per target region was 66.2 ± 39.8. Each sample harbored on average 43 ± 9 variants, of which 10 ± 3 were used for genotyping. For the 28 samples, massively parallel sequencing variant sequences correctly matched expected sequences based on single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping data. Copy number variation analysis defined the Rh C/c alleles and complex RHD hybrids. Hybrid RHD*D-CE-D variants were correctly identified, but copy number variation analysis did not confidently distinguish between D and CE exon deletion versus rearrangement. CONCLUSION The targeted exome sequencing strategy employed extended the range of blood group genotypes detected compared with single nucleotide polymorphism typing. This single-test format included detection of complex MNS hybrid cases and, with copy number variation analysis, defined RH hybrid genes along with the RHCE*C allele hitherto difficult to resolve by variant detection. The approach is economical compared with whole-genome sequencing and is suitable for a red blood cell reference laboratory setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yew-Wah Liew
- Red Cell Reference Laboratory, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jacqueline R Martin
- Red Cell Reference Laboratory, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kelli A McGrath
- Red Cell Reference Laboratory, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tanya Powley
- Red Cell Reference Laboratory, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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18
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Wei L, Lopez GH, Ji Y, Condon JA, Irwin DL, Luo G, Hyland CA, Flower RL. Genotyping for Glycophorin GYP(B-A-B) Hybrid Genes Using a Single Nucleotide Polymorphism-Based Algorithm by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionisation, Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. Mol Biotechnol 2016; 58:665-71. [PMID: 27435823 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-016-9966-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The genetic basis for five GP(B-A-B) MNS system hybrid glycophorin blood group antigens results from rearrangement between the homologous GYPA and GYPB genes. Each hybrid glycophorin displays a characteristic profile of antigens. Currently, no commercial serological reagents are currently available to serologically type for these antigens. The aim of this study was to develop a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) mapping genotyping technique to allow characterisation of various GYP(B-A-B) hybrid alleles. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) assays were designed to genotype five GYP(B-A-B) hybrid alleles. Eight nucleotide positions were targeted and incorporated into the SNP mapping protocol. The allelic frequencies were calculated using peak areas. Sanger sequencing was performed to resolve a GYP*Hop 3' breakpoint. Observed allelic peak area ratios either coincided with the expected ratio or were skewed (above or below) from the expected ratio with switching occurring at and after the expected break point to generate characteristic mass spectral plots for each hybrid. Sequencing showed that the GYP*Hop crossover in the intron 3 region, for this example, was identical to that for GYP*Bun reference sequence. An analytical algorithm using MALDI-TOF MS genotyping platform defined GYPA inserts for five GYP(B-A-B) hybrids. The SNP mapping technique described here demonstrates proof of concept that this technology is viable for genotyping hybrid glycophorins, GYP(A-B-A), GYP(A-B) and GYP(B-A), and addresses the gap in current typing technologies.
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19
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Reiher VS, Hönger G, Infanti L, Passweg JR, Hösli I, Frey BM, Gassner C, Meyer S, Buser AS, Holbro A, Schaub S. Human platelet antigen antibody induction in uncomplicated pregnancy is associated with HLA sensitization. Transfusion 2017; 57:1272-1279. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.14053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gideon Hönger
- Transplantation Immunology and Nephrology, University Hospital Basel
| | - Laura Infanti
- Regional Blood Transfusion Service; Swiss Red Cross
- Division of Hematology; University Hospital Basel
| | | | - Irene Hösli
- Department for Obstetrics and Fetomaternal Medicine; University Hospital Basel; Basel Switzerland
| | - Beat M. Frey
- Regional Blood Transfusion Service; Swiss Red Cross Zürich Switzerland
| | - Christoph Gassner
- Regional Blood Transfusion Service; Swiss Red Cross Zürich Switzerland
| | - Stefan Meyer
- Regional Blood Transfusion Service; Swiss Red Cross Zürich Switzerland
| | - Andreas S. Buser
- Regional Blood Transfusion Service; Swiss Red Cross
- Division of Hematology; University Hospital Basel
| | - Andreas Holbro
- Regional Blood Transfusion Service; Swiss Red Cross
- Division of Hematology; University Hospital Basel
| | - Stefan Schaub
- Transplantation Immunology and Nephrology, University Hospital Basel
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20
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Meyer S, Vollmert C, Trost N, Sigurdardottir S, Portmann C, Gottschalk J, Ries J, Markovic A, Infanti L, Buser A, Amar el Dusouqui S, Rigal E, Castelli D, Weingand B, Maier A, Mauvais SM, Sarraj A, Braisch MC, Thierbach J, Hustinx H, Frey BM, Gassner C. MNSs genotyping by MALDI-TOF MS shows high concordance with serology, allows gene copy number testing and reveals new St(a) alleles. Br J Haematol 2016; 174:624-36. [DOI: 10.1111/bjh.14095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Meyer
- Blood Transfusion Service Zürich; Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Research (MOC); Swiss Red Cross (SRC); Zürich Schlieren Switzerland
| | | | - Nadine Trost
- Blood Transfusion Service Zürich; Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Research (MOC); Swiss Red Cross (SRC); Zürich Schlieren Switzerland
| | - Sonja Sigurdardottir
- Blood Transfusion Service Zürich; Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Research (MOC); Swiss Red Cross (SRC); Zürich Schlieren Switzerland
| | - Claudia Portmann
- Blood Transfusion Service Zürich; Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Research (MOC); Swiss Red Cross (SRC); Zürich Schlieren Switzerland
| | | | - Judith Ries
- Blood Transfusion Service Zürich; SRC; Schlieren Switzerland
| | | | - Laura Infanti
- Blood Transfusion Service beider Basel; SRC; Basel Switzerland
| | - Andreas Buser
- Blood Transfusion Service beider Basel; SRC; Basel Switzerland
| | | | - Emmanuel Rigal
- Blood Transfusion Service Genève; SRC; Geneva Switzerland
| | - Damiano Castelli
- Blood Transfusion Service Svizzera Italiana; SRC; Lugano Switzerland
| | - Bettina Weingand
- Blood Transfusion Service Zentralschweiz; SRC; Lucerne Switzerland
| | - Andreas Maier
- Blood Transfusion Service Zentralschweiz; SRC; Lucerne Switzerland
| | - Simon M. Mauvais
- Blood Transfusion Service Neuchâtel-Jura; SRC; Neuchâtel Switzerland
| | - Amira Sarraj
- Blood Transfusion Service Neuchâtel-Jura; SRC; Neuchâtel Switzerland
| | | | - Jutta Thierbach
- Blood Transfusion Service Ostschweiz; SRC; St. Gallen Switzerland
| | - Hein Hustinx
- Interregional Blood Transfusion; SRC, Ltd.; Bern Switzerland
| | - Beat M. Frey
- Blood Transfusion Service Zürich; SRC; Schlieren Switzerland
| | - Christoph Gassner
- Blood Transfusion Service Zürich; Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Research (MOC); Swiss Red Cross (SRC); Zürich Schlieren Switzerland
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Fichou Y, Férec C. Molecular RHD-RHCE Analysis by Multiplex PCR of Short Fluorescent Fragments. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1310:97-104. [PMID: 26024628 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2690-9_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Several hundred variant alleles have been reported within the homologous RHD and RHCE genes that encode the antigens involved in the human Rh blood group system, which is of the main interest in the field of both transfusion and obstetrical medicine. Although these variants can be mostly characterized at the molecular level by sequence-specific primer polymerase chain reaction (SSP-PCR) and/or direct sequencing, some allelic combinations remain unresolved by conventional methods. Typically exon deletion or hybrid genes may be difficult to assess in a heterozygous context. Here we describe a qualitative and quantitative method to resolve copy number variations in the RH gene exons by quantitative multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of short fluorescent fragments (QMPSF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Fichou
- Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS) - Bretagne, 46 rue Félix Le Dantec, 29218, Brest, France,
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22
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Abstract
The clinical importance of blood group antigens relates to their ability to evoke immune antibodies that are capable of causing hemolysis. The most important antigens for safe transfusion are ABO and D (Rh), and typing for these antigens is routinely performed for patients awaiting transfusion, prenatal patients, and blood donors. Typing for other blood group antigens, typically of the Kell, Duffy, Kidd, and MNS blood groups, is sometimes necessary, for patients who have, or are likely to develop antibodies to these antigens. The most commonly used typing method is serological typing, based on hemagglutination reactions against specific antisera. This method is generally reliable and practical for routine use, but it has certain drawbacks. In recent years, molecular typing has emerged as an alternative or supplemental typing method. It is based on detecting the polymorphisms and mutations that control the expression of blood group antigens, and using this information to predict the probable antigen type. Molecular typing methods are useful when traditional serological typing methods cannot be used, as when a patient has been transfused and the sample is contaminated with red blood cells from the transfused blood component. Moreover, molecular typing methods can precisely identify clinically significant variant antigens that cannot be distinguished by serological typing; this capability has been exploited for the resolution of typing discrepancies and shows promise for the improved transfusion management of patients with sickle cell anemia. Despite its advantages, molecular typing has certain limitations, and it should be used in conjunction with serological methods.
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Mujahid A, Dickert FL. Blood Group Typing: From Classical Strategies to the Application of Synthetic Antibodies Generated by Molecular Imprinting. Sensors (Basel) 2015; 16:E51. [PMID: 26729127 DOI: 10.3390/s16010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Blood transfusion requires a mandatory cross-match test to examine the compatibility between donor and recipient blood groups. Generally, in all cross-match tests, a specific chemical reaction of antibodies with erythrocyte antigens is carried out to monitor agglutination. Since the visual inspection is no longer useful for obtaining precise quantitative information, therefore there is a wide variety of different technologies reported in the literature to recognize the agglutination reactions. Despite the classical methods, modern biosensors and molecular blood typing strategies have also been considered for straightforward, accurate and precise analysis. The interfacial part of a typical sensor device could range from natural antibodies to synthetic receptor materials, as designed by molecular imprinting and which is suitably integrated with the transducer surface. Herein, we present a comprehensive overview of some selected strategies extending from traditional practices to modern procedures in blood group typing, thus to highlight the most promising approach among emerging technologies.
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Flegel WA, De Castilho SL, Keller MA, Klapper EB, Moulds JM, Noizat-Pirenne F, Shehata N, Stack G, St-Louis M, Tormey CA, Waxman DA, Weinstock C, Wendel S, Denomme GA. Molecular immunohaematology round table discussions at the AABB Annual Meeting, Philadelphia 2014. Blood Transfus 2016; 14:425-33. [PMID: 26710354 DOI: 10.2450/2015.0130-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
Exogenous and endogenous sources of chemical species can react, directly or after metabolic activation, with DNA to yield DNA adducts. If not repaired, DNA adducts may compromise cellular functions by blocking DNA replication and/or inducing mutations. Unambiguous identification of the structures and accurate measurements of the levels of DNA adducts in cellular and tissue DNA constitute the first and important step towards understanding the biological consequences of these adducts. The advances in mass spectrometry (MS) instrumentation in the past 2-3 decades have rendered MS an important tool for structure elucidation, quantification, and revelation of the biological consequences of DNA adducts. In this review, we summarized the development of MS techniques on these fronts for DNA adduct analysis. We placed our emphasis of discussion on sample preparation, the combination of MS with gas chromatography- or liquid chromatography (LC)-based separation techniques for the quantitative measurement of DNA adducts, and the use of LC-MS along with molecular biology tools for understanding the human health consequences of DNA adducts. The applications of mass spectrometry-based DNA adduct analysis for predicting the therapeutic outcome of anti-cancer agents, for monitoring the human exposure to endogenous and environmental genotoxic agents, and for DNA repair studies were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Liu
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Yinsheng Wang
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, California, USA and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521-0403, USA.
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Fichou Y, Le Maréchal C, Scotet V, Jamet D, Férec C. Insights into RHCE Molecular Analysis in Samples with Partial D Variants: the Experience of Western France. Transfus Med Hemother 2015; 42:372-7. [PMID: 26733768 DOI: 10.1159/000382086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although systematic blood group genotyping of patients/donors is virtually possible, serological studies remain the gold standard to identify samples of clinical interest that may be further genotyped. In this context, we sought to identify variant D alleles that are likely to be clinically relevant in terms of other Rh antigens in a subset of population genotyped in Western France. METHODS Samples presenting with the RHD*weak D type 4.2.2 allele (n = 47) were selected for the study. RHCE exons 1-7 were directly sequenced, and expression of Rh antigens was predicted on the basis of the molecular data. RESULTS Of the 47 samples tested, 19 (40.4%) were predicted to be of potential clinical interest. Moreover, we could show that selecting the samples to be genotyped by the nature of their variant D allele (i.e., RHD*weak D type 4.2.2 allele) rather than by their Duffy-null status appears to increase significantly the likelihood of identifying clinically relevant individuals for Rh status. CONCLUSION On the basis of our findings we suggest that all individuals genotyped as weak D type 4.2.2 should be systematically screened for RHCE variants by molecular analysis on a routine basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Fichou
- French Blood Institute (EFS-Bretagne), Brest, France; National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm, UMR1078), Brest, France
| | - Cédric Le Maréchal
- French Blood Institute (EFS-Bretagne), Brest, France; National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm, UMR1078), Brest, France; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Western Brittany, Brest, France; Molecular Genetics and Histocompatibility Laboratory, Regional University Hospital (CHRU), Morvan Hospital, Brest, France
| | - Virginie Scotet
- French Blood Institute (EFS-Bretagne), Brest, France; National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm, UMR1078), Brest, France
| | - Déborah Jamet
- French Blood Institute (EFS-Bretagne), Brest, France
| | - Claude Férec
- French Blood Institute (EFS-Bretagne), Brest, France; National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm, UMR1078), Brest, France; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Western Brittany, Brest, France; Molecular Genetics and Histocompatibility Laboratory, Regional University Hospital (CHRU), Morvan Hospital, Brest, France
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Mangerona CMB, Garcia FB, Moraes-Souza H. Frequency of human platelet antigens (HPA)-1, -2, -5 and -15 in Brazilian blood donors and establishment of a panel of HPA-typed donors. Transfus Med 2015; 25:189-94. [PMID: 26033262 DOI: 10.1111/tme.12210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. M. B. Mangerona
- Discipline of Hematology and Hemotherapy; Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro
| | - F. B. Garcia
- Discipline of Hematology and Hemotherapy; Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro
- Regional Blood Center of Uberaba; HEMOMINAS Foundation; Uberaba Brazil
| | - H. Moraes-Souza
- Discipline of Hematology and Hemotherapy; Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro
- Regional Blood Center of Uberaba; HEMOMINAS Foundation; Uberaba Brazil
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Affiliation(s)
- E. A. Scharberg
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology; Red Cross Blood Service of Baden-Wuerttemberg-Hessen; Baden-Baden Germany
| | - E. Richter
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology; Red Cross Blood Service of Baden-Wuerttemberg-Hessen; Baden-Baden Germany
| | - P. Bugert
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunology; Medical Faculty Mannheim; Heidelberg University; Red Cross Blood Service of Baden-Wuerttemberg-Hessen; Mannheim Germany
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29
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Peyrard
- Département Centre National de Référence pour les Groupes Sanguins; Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine (INTS); Paris France
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Meyer S, Trost N, Frey BM, Gassner C. Parallel donor genotyping for 46 selected blood group and 4 human platelet antigens using high-throughput MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1310:51-70. [PMID: 26024625 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2690-9_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Most blood group antigens are defined by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Highly accurate MALDI-TOF MS has proven its potential in SNP genotyping and was therefore chosen for blood donor oriented genotyping with high-throughput capability, e.g., 380 samples per day. The Select Module covers a total of 36 SNPs in two single-tube reactions, representative of 46 blood group and 4 human platelet antigens. Using this tool, confirmatory blood group typing for RhD, RhCE, Kell, Kidd, Duffy, MN, Ss, and selected rare antigens is performed on a routine basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Meyer
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Research (MOC), Swiss Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Zurich, Rütistrasse 19, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
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Frey BM, Fischer G. Data collection and data sharing - the holy gral of transfusion medicine and modern bioscience. Transfus Med Hemother 2014; 41:336-7. [PMID: 25538533 DOI: 10.1159/000368123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Beat M Frey
- Regional Blood Transfusion Service Zurich SRK, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gottfried Fischer
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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McBean RS, Hyland CA, Hendry JL, Shabani-Rad MT, Flower RL. SARA: a "new" low-frequency MNS antigen (MNS47) provides further evidence of the extreme diversity of the MNS blood group system. Transfusion 2014; 55:1451-6. [PMID: 25523184 DOI: 10.1111/trf.12973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Until recently, SARAH (SARA) was a low-frequency antigen within the 700 series (700.052). SARA was discovered in Australia and subsequently described in Canada where anti-SARA was implicated in severe hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN). This study investigated whether SARA could be recategorized into an existing, or novel, blood group system. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Serologically typed Australian SARA family members (n = 9) were exome sequenced followed by bioinformatics analysis. Sanger sequencing of Exon 3 of GYPA of Australian (n = 9) and Canadian (n = 9) family members was then performed, as were peptide inhibition studies. RESULTS Exome sequencing identified 499,329 single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) within the nine individuals. Filtering excluded SNVs with an NCBI dbSNP ID (n = 482,177) and non-protein coding SNVs (n = 14,008); for the remaining 3144 SNVs, only one, c.240G>T of GYPA encoding p.Arg80Ser, was present in all six SARA-positive individuals. Sanger sequencing confirmed the presence of c.240G>T in the Australian SARA-positive individuals and demonstrated the same genetic basis in the Canadian SARA family. For a peptide representing the SARA sequence, inhibition of anti-SARA against SARA-positive cells was 84.6% at a concentration of 1.0 mg/mL. CONCLUSION We provide evidence that the SARA antigen is encoded by a SNV on GYPA and SARA has been reassigned to the MNS blood group system, now MNS47. This discovery provides a basis for application of genetic approaches in SARA typing when clinically indicated, for example, in HDFN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhiannon S McBean
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Catherine A Hyland
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Julia L Hendry
- Transfusion Medicine, Calgary Laboratory Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Robert L Flower
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
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Brouard D, Ratelle O, Perreault J, Boudreau D, St-Louis M. PCR-free blood group genotyping using a nanobiosensor. Vox Sang 2014; 108:197-204. [PMID: 25469570 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The last two decades have seen major developments in genotyping assays to facilitate the procurement of red blood cell units to alloimmunized patients. To make genotyping faster, simpler and less costly, a nanotechnology approach based on metal/silica fluorescent nanoparticles and a polymer-based hybridization optical transducer was designed. The objectives of this study were (1) to verify whether this nanobiosensor has the ability to discriminate single nucleotide polymorphisms in non-amplified genomic DNA and (2) to establish whether the signal generated by the nanobiosensor is sufficiently intense to be detected by standard flow cytometry. MATERIALS AND METHODS Silver-core silica-shell fluorescent nanoparticles (Ag@SiO₂) were prepared, and amine-modified DNA probes were grafted to their surface. A cationic conjugated polymer was electrostatically bound to the surface probes to become optically active upon hybridization with a target. Two nanobiosensor formulations specific to DO*01 and DO*02 alleles were prepared. DNA was extracted from whole blood and mixed with the nanobiosensor for hybridization. The nanobiosensor fluorescence was measured by flow cytometry. RESULTS Nine volunteers were typed for Dombrock blood group antigens DO*01 and DO*02. A statistically significant increase in the optical transduction signal was observed for sequence-specific samples. All nine genotypes were correctly identified when compared to standardized PCR assays. CONCLUSION The nanobiosensor provides rapid and simple genotyping of blood group antigens from unamplified genomic DNA and can be measured using standard flow cytometers. This PCR-free approach could be applied to any known genetic polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Brouard
- Recherche et développement, Héma-Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
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McBean RS, Hyland CA, Davis AC, Condon J, Parsons K, Flower RL. Blood group genotype analysis of Australian reagent red blood cell donors across three genotyping platforms: consistent detection of 7·0% phenotype genotype nonconcordance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/voxs.12166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. S. McBean
- Research & Development Division; Australian Red Cross Blood Service; Kelvin Grove QLD Australia
| | - C. A. Hyland
- Research & Development Division; Australian Red Cross Blood Service; Kelvin Grove QLD Australia
| | - A. C. Davis
- Red Cell Reference Laboratory; Australian Red Cross Blood Service; Sydney NSW and Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - J. Condon
- Red Cell Reference Laboratory; Australian Red Cross Blood Service; Sydney NSW and Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - K. Parsons
- Red Cell Reference Laboratory; Australian Red Cross Blood Service; Sydney NSW and Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - R. L. Flower
- Research & Development Division; Australian Red Cross Blood Service; Kelvin Grove QLD Australia
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McBean RS, Hyland CA, Flower RL. Approaches to determination of a full profile of blood group genotypes: single nucleotide variant mapping and massively parallel sequencing. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2014; 11:147-51. [PMID: 25408849 PMCID: PMC4232566 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2014.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of blood group systems, currently 35, has increased in the recent years as genetic variations defining red cell antigens continue to be discovered. At present, 44 genes and 1568 alleles have been defined as encoding antigens within the 35 blood group systems. This paper provides a brief overview of two genetic technologies: single nucleotide variant (SNV) mapping by DNA microarray and massively parallel sequencing, with respect to blood group genotyping. The most frequent genetic change associated with blood group antigens are SNVs. To predict blood group antigen phenotypes, SNV mapping which involves highly multiplexed genotyping, can be performed on commercial microarray platforms. Microarrays detect only known SNVs, therefore, to type rare or novel alleles not represented in the array, further Sanger sequencing of the region is often required to resolve genotype. An example discussed in this article is the identification of rare and novel RHD alleles in the Australian population. Massively parallel sequencing, also known as next generation sequencing, has a high-throughput capacity and maps all points of variation from a reference sequence, allowing for identification of novel SNVs. Examples of the application of this technology to resolve the genetic basis of orphan blood group antigens are presented here. Overall, the determination of a full profile of blood group SNVs, in addition to serological phenotyping, provides a basis for provision of compatible blood thus offering improved transfusion safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhiannon S McBean
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Catherine A Hyland
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Robert L Flower
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Brisbane, Australia
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Fichou Y, Audrézet MP, Guéguen P, Le Maréchal C, Férec C. Next-generation sequencing is a credible strategy for blood group genotyping. Br J Haematol 2014; 167:554-62. [PMID: 25135605 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.13084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Although several medium/high-throughput tools have been engineered for molecular analysis of blood group genes, they usually rely on the targeting of single nucleotide polymorphisms, while other variants remain unidentified. To circumvent this limitation a strategy for genotyping blood group genes by next-generation sequencing (NGS) was set up. Libraries consisting of exons, flanking introns and untranslated regions of 18 genes involved in 15 blood systems were generated by the Ion AmpliSeq(™) Library Kit 2.0 and by fragmenting polymerase chain reaction products, normalized by two different approaches, mixed and sequenced by the Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine (PGM(™) ) Sequencer. In our conditions, defined to limit both intra- and inter-sample variability, sequences from mixed libraries were read in a single run for a total coverage of 86·03% of the coding DNA sequences, including all loci defining the most clinically relevant antigens in all genes, except ABO. Importantly, the challenging attempt to generate gene-specific data for the homologous genes was successful. This work, which combines two complementary approaches to generate libraries, defines technical conditions for genotyping blood group genes, illustrates that NGS is suitable for such an application and suggests that, after automation, this novel tool could be used for molecular typing at the laboratory level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Fichou
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1078, Brest, France; Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS) - Bretagne, Brest, France
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Tanaka E, Kusumi T, Takahashi H, Hirashima M, Tanaka M, Kimura K, Takahashi J, Matsukura H, Tani Y. Defining and finding the rare donor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/voxs.12079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Tanaka
- Japanese Red Cross Kinki Block Blood Center; Ibaraki Japan
| | - T. Kusumi
- Japanese Red Cross Kinki Block Blood Center; Ibaraki Japan
| | - H. Takahashi
- Japanese Red Cross Kinki Block Blood Center; Ibaraki Japan
| | - M. Hirashima
- Japanese Red Cross Kinki Block Blood Center; Ibaraki Japan
| | - M. Tanaka
- Japanese Red Cross Kinki Block Blood Center; Ibaraki Japan
| | - K. Kimura
- Japanese Red Cross Kinki Block Blood Center; Ibaraki Japan
| | - J. Takahashi
- Japanese Red Cross Kinki Block Blood Center; Ibaraki Japan
| | - H. Matsukura
- Japanese Red Cross Kinki Block Blood Center; Ibaraki Japan
| | - Y. Tani
- Japanese Red Cross Kinki Block Blood Center; Ibaraki Japan
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Lopez GH, Mcbean RS, Wilson B, Irwin DL, Liew YW, Hyland CA, Flower RL. Molecular typing for the Indian blood group associated 252G>C single nucleotide polymorphism in a selected cohort of Australian blood donors. Blood Transfus 2015; 13:78-85. [PMID: 24960658 DOI: 10.2450/2014.0336-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Indian blood group antigens, In(a) and In(b), are clinically significant in transfusion medicine. However, antisera to type these antigens are difficult to obtain. The In(b) antigen is a high frequency antigen present in all populations, while the frequency of the antithetical In(a) ranges from 0.1% in Caucasians up to 11% in Middle Eastern groups. This antigen polymorphism is encoded by the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) 252G>C in CD44. The aim of this study was to establish and compare two genotyping methods to measure the frequency of the IN*A and IN*B alleles in a blood donor cohort. MATERIALS AND METHODS Donor blood samples (n=151) were genotyped by a novel real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) high-resolution meltcurve (HRM) analysis and a custom matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) assay. Samples with the rare IN*A allele were further investigated by nucleotide sequencing, red cell agglutination, and flow cytometry techniques. RESULTS In this study group, 149 IN*B homozygous and 2 IN*A/B heterozygous samples were detected with 100% concordance between HRM and MALDI-TOF MS methods. For PCR HRM, amplicon melting alone did not differentiate IN*A and IN*B alleles (class 3 SNP), however, the introduction of an unlabelled probe (UP) increased the resolution of the assay. Sequencing confirmed that the two non-homozygous samples were IN*A/B heterozygous and phenotyping by red cell agglutination, and flow cytometry confirmed both In(a) and In(b) antigens were present as predicted. DISCUSSION Genotyping permits conservation of rare antisera to predict blood group antigen phenotype. In PCR UP-HRM the IN*A and IN*B alleles were discriminated on the basis of their melting properties. The In(a) frequency in this selected donor population was 1.3%. Application of genotyping methods such as these assists in identifying donors with rare blood group phenotypes of potential clinical significance.
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Meyer S, Vollmert C, Trost N, Brönnimann C, Gottschalk J, Buser A, Frey BM, Gassner C. High-throughput Kell, Kidd, and Duffy matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization, time-of-flight mass spectrometry-based blood group genotyping of 4000 donors shows close to full concordance with serotyping and detects new alleles. Transfusion 2014; 54:3198-207. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.12715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Meyer
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Cytometry (MOC); Swiss Red Cross; Schlieren Switzerland
| | | | - Nadine Trost
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Cytometry (MOC); Swiss Red Cross; Schlieren Switzerland
| | - Chantal Brönnimann
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Cytometry (MOC); Swiss Red Cross; Schlieren Switzerland
| | - Jochen Gottschalk
- Blood Transfusion Service Zurich; Swiss Red Cross; Schlieren Switzerland
| | - Andreas Buser
- Blood Transfusion Center Basel; Swiss Red Cross; Basel Switzerland
| | - Beat M. Frey
- Blood Transfusion Service Zurich; Swiss Red Cross; Schlieren Switzerland
| | - Christoph Gassner
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Cytometry (MOC); Swiss Red Cross; Schlieren Switzerland
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Paris S, Rigal D, Barlet V, Verdier M, Coudurier N, Bailly P, Brès JC. Flexible automated platform for blood group genotyping on DNA microarrays. J Mol Diagn 2014; 16:335-42. [PMID: 24726279 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The poor suitability of standard hemagglutination-based assay techniques for large-scale automated screening of red blood cell antigens severely limits the ability of blood banks to supply extensively phenotype-matched blood. With better understanding of the molecular basis of blood antigens, it is now possible to predict blood group phenotype by identifying single-nucleotide polymorphisms in genomic DNA. Development of DNA-typing assays for antigen screening in blood donation qualification laboratories promises to enable blood banks to provide optimally matched donations. We have designed an automated genotyping system using 96-well DNA microarrays for blood donation screening and a first panel of eight single-nucleotide polymorphisms to identify 16 alleles in four blood group systems (KEL, KIDD, DUFFY, and MNS). Our aim was to evaluate this system on 960 blood donor samples with known phenotype. Study data revealed a high concordance rate (99.92%; 95% CI, 99.77%-99.97%) between predicted and serologic phenotypes. These findings demonstrate that our assay using a simple protocol allows accurate, relatively low-cost phenotype prediction at the DNA level. This system could easily be configured with other blood group markers for identification of donors with rare blood types or blood units for IH panels or antigens from other systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Paris
- Établissement Français du Sang Rhône Alpes, Lyon, France
| | | | - Valérie Barlet
- Établissement Français du Sang Rhône Alpes, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Pascal Bailly
- Établissement Français du Sang Alpes Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Charles Brès
- Établissement Français du Sang Rhône Alpes, Lyon, France; Établissement Français du Sang Pyrénées Méditerranée, Montpellier, France.
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Abstract
Blood group genotyping has many advantages over conventional phenotyping for both blood donors and patients, and a number of high-throughput methods have now been developed. However, these are limited by a requirement for existing knowledge of the relevant blood group gene polymorphisms, and rare or novel mutations will not be detected. These mutations could be successfully identified by DNA sequencing of the blood group genes, and such an approach has been made feasible by the introduction of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technology. NGS enables many genes from multiple samples to be sequenced in parallel, resulting in sequencing information that could be used to obtain accurate blood group phenotype predictions in both blood donors and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Tilley
- International Blood Group Reference Laboratory, NHS Blood and Transplant, Bristol, UK.
| | - Shane Grimsley
- International Blood Group Reference Laboratory, NHS Blood and Transplant, Bristol, UK
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Abstract
Genotyping is an important tool in the diagnosis of disorders involving allo-immunisation to antigens present on the membranes of platelets and neutrophils. To date 28 human platelet antigens (HPAs) have been indentified on six polymorphic glycoproteins on the surface of platelets. Antibodies against HPAs play a role in foetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT), post-transfusion purpura (PTP) and refractoriness to donor platelets. The 11 human neutrophil antigens (HNAs) described to date have been indentified on five polymorphic proteins on the surface of granulocytes. Antibodies to HNAs are implicated with foetal and neonatal alloimmune neutropenia (FNAIN), autoimmune neutropenia (AIN) and transfusion related acute lung injury (TRALI). In this report, we will review the molecular basis and techniques currently available for the genotyping of human platelet and neutrophil antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbera Veldhuisen
- Sanquin Diagnostic Services, Department of Diagnostic Immunohematology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Sanquin Research, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Amsterdam and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Leendert Porcelijn
- Sanquin Diagnostic Services, Department of Diagnostic Immunohematology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C Ellen van der Schoot
- Sanquin Research, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Amsterdam and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Masja de Haas
- Sanquin Diagnostic Services, Department of Diagnostic Immunohematology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Crottet SL, Henny C, Meyer S, Still F, Stolz M, Gottschalk J, Neuenschwander K, Taleghani BM, Gowland P, Frey BM, Fontana S, Hustinx H, Niederhauser C, Gassner C. Implementation of a mandatory donor RHD screening in Switzerland. Transfus Apher Sci 2014; 50:169-74. [PMID: 24679597 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2014.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Starting in 2013, blood donors must be tested at least using: (1) one monoclonal anti-D and one anti-CDE (alternatively full RhCcEe phenotyping), and (2) all RhD negative donors must be tested for RHD exons 5 and 10 plus one further exonic, or intronic RHD specificity, according to the guidelines of the Blood Transfusion Service of the Swiss Red Cross (BTS SRC). In 2012 an adequate stock of RHD screened donors was built. Of all 25,370 RhD negative Swiss donors tested in 2012, 20,015 tested at BTS Berne and 5355 at BTS Zürich, showed 120 (0.47%) RHD positivity. Thirty-seven (0.15%) had to be redefined as RhD positive. Routine molecular RHD screening is reliable, rapid and cost-effective and provides safer RBC units in Switzerland.
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Boccoz SA, Blum LJ, Marquette CA. DNA biosensor/biochip for multiplex blood group genotyping. Methods 2013; 64:241-9. [PMID: 24080420 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2013.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, 33 blood groups representing over 300 antigens are listed by the International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT). Most of them result from a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the corresponding DNA sequence, i.e. approx. 200 SNPs. In immunohematology laboratories, blood group determination is classically carried out by serological tests, but these have some limitations, mostly in term of multiplexing and throughput. Yet, there is a growing need of extended blood group typing to prevent alloimmunization in transfused patients and transfusion accidents. The knowledge of the molecular bases of blood groups allows the use of molecular biology methods within immunohematology laboratories. Numerous assays focused on blood group genotyping were developed and described during the last 10 years. Some of them were real biochips or biosensors while others were more characterized by the particular molecular biology techniques they used, but all were intending to produce multiplex analysis. PCR techniques are most of the time used followed by an analytical step involving a DNA biosensor, biochip or analysis system (capillary electrophoresis, mass spectrometry). According to the method used, the test can then be classified as low-, medium- or high-throughput. There are several companies which developed platforms dedicated to blood group genotyping able to analyze simultaneously various SNPs or variants associated with blood group systems. This review summarizes the characteristics of each molecular biology method and medium-/high-throughput platforms dedicated to the blood group genotyping.
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Abstract
To date, 33 human platelet alloantigens (HPAs) have been identified on six functionally important platelet glycoprotein (GP) complexes and have been implicated in alloimmune platelet disorders including foetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT), posttransfusion purpura (PTP) and multitransfusion platelet refractoriness (MPR). The greatest number of recognized HPA (20 of 33) resides on the GPIIb/IIIa complex, which serves as the receptor for ligands important in mediating haemostasis and inflammation. These include HPA-1a, the most commonly implicated HPA in FNAIT and PTP in Caucasian populations. Other platelet GP complexes, GPIb/V/IX, GPIa/IIa and CD109, express the remaining 13 HPAs. Of the recognized HPAs, 12 occur as six serologically and genetically defined biallelic 'systems' where the -a form designates the higher frequency allele and the -b form, the lower. Twenty-one other HPAs are low-frequency or rare antigens for which postulated higher frequency -a alleles have not yet been identified as antibody specificities. In addition to the HPA markers, platelets also express ABO and human leucocyte antigen (HLA) antigens; antibodies directed at the former are occasionally important in FNAIT, and to the latter, in MPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- B R Curtis
- Platelet & Neutrophil Immunology Laboratory, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Haer-Wigman L, Ji Y, Lodén M, de Haas M, van der Schoot CE, Veldhuisen B. Comprehensive genotyping for 18 blood group systems using a multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification assay shows a high degree of accuracy. Transfusion 2013; 53:2899-909. [PMID: 23992446 DOI: 10.1111/trf.12410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years genotyping methods have been implemented in blood banks as alternative to comprehensive serologic typing. We evaluated a newly developed assay for convenient and comprehensive genotyping of blood group alleles based on multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) technology. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS We analyzed 103 random and 150 selected samples to validate the specificity of the blood-MLPA assay that is able to determine the presence, absence, and copy number of 48 blood group and 112 variant alleles of 18 blood group systems. A total of 4038 serologic typing results, including 52 different antigens, were available for these samples. RESULTS In 4018 (99.5%) of the 4038 serologic typing results the predicted phenotypes by the blood-MLPA were in concordance with serologic typing. Twenty discordant results were due to false-positive serologic results (n = 2), false-negative serologic results (n = 1), inability of routine serologic typing to detect variant antigens (n = 14), or false-positive prediction from the blood-MLPA due to the presence of a null allele (n = 3). CONCLUSION The blood-MLPA reliably predicts the presence or absence of blood group antigens, including almost all clinically relevant blood group antigens, except ABO, in patients and donors. Furthermore, it is the first assay that determines copy numbers of blood group alleles in the same test. It even provides more detailed and accurate information than serologic typing, because most variant alleles are immediately recognized. Since only standard laboratory equipment is needed, this assay finally offers the possibility to comprehensively type recipients and makes extensive matching for selected patients groups more feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lonneke Haer-Wigman
- Sanquin Research, Amsterdam and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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