1
|
Mao H, Lin T, Huang S, Xie Z, Jin S, Shen X, Jin Y, Ding Y. The impact of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) on pulmonary function in US adults: a cross-sectional study based on NHANES (2007-2012). Sci Rep 2024; 14:6486. [PMID: 38499858 PMCID: PMC10948772 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57302-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are a group of chemicals widely used in various applications to prevent or slow down the spread of fire. However, they have adverse effects on human health. There is a relative scarcity of population-based studies regarding BFRs, particularly their impact on the respiratory system. This study aimed to investigate the influence of BFRs on pulmonary function using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The study found that elevated serum concentrations of certain BFRs were associated with pulmonary ventilatory dysfunction. Adjusted analyses revealed positive correlations between PBDE47, PBDE183, and PBDE209 concentrations and ventilatory dysfunction. The analysis of mixed BFRs showed a positive relationship with pulmonary ventilation dysfunction, with PBDE47 making the most significant contribution. Our study demonstrates that both individual and combined BFRs exposure can lead to impaired pulmonary ventilation function. These findings provide evidence of the adverse effects of BFRs on lung function, emphasizing the importance of further investigating the potential health consequences of these compounds. Further large-scale longitudinal studies are needed to investigate this relationship in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Mao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Tong Lin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Shanshan Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Zhenye Xie
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Shaofeng Jin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Xingkai Shen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Yuhong Jin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, 315100, China.
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, 315100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Martínez A. Toxicity of persistent organic pollutants: a theoretical study. J Mol Model 2024; 30:97. [PMID: 38451367 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-024-05890-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are two families of persistent organic pollutants that are dangerous as they remain in the atmosphere for long periods and are toxic for humans and animals. They are found all over the world, including the penguins of Antarctica. One of the mechanisms that explains the toxicity of these compounds is related to oxidative stress. The main idea of this theoretical research is to use conceptual density functional theory as a theory of chemical reactivity to analyze the oxidative stress that PCBs and PBDEs can produce. The electron transfer properties as well as the interaction with DNA nitrogenous bases of nine PCBs and ten PBDEs found in Antarctic penguins are investigated. From this study, it can be concluded that compounds with more chlorine or bromine atoms are more oxidizing and produce more oxidative stress. These molecules also interact directly with the nitrogenous bases of DNA, forming hydrogen bonds, and this may be an explanation for the toxicity. Since quinone-type metabolites of PCBs and PBDEs can cause neurotoxicity, examples of quinones are also investigated. Condensed Fukui functions are included to analyze local reactivity. These results are important as the reactivity of these compounds helps to explain the toxicity of PCBs and PBDEs. METHODS All DFT computations were performed using Gaussian16 at M06-2x/6-311 + g(2d,p) level of theory without symmetry constraints. Electro-donating (ω-) and electro-accepting (ω +) powers were used as global response functions and condensed Fukui functions as local parameters of reactivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Martínez
- Departamento de Materiales de Baja Dimensionalidad, Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior S.N. Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, CDMX, CP, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Schrenk D, Bignami M, Bodin L, Chipman JK, del Mazo J, Grasl‐Kraupp B, Hogstrand C, (Ron) Hoogenboom L, Leblanc J, Nebbia CS, Nielsen E, Ntzani E, Petersen A, Sand S, Schwerdtle T, Wallace H, Benford D, Fürst P, Hart A, Rose M, Schroeder H, Vrijheid M, Ioannidou S, Nikolič M, Bordajandi LR, Vleminckx C. Update of the risk assessment of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in food. EFSA J 2024; 22:e8497. [PMID: 38269035 PMCID: PMC10807361 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The European Commission asked EFSA to update its 2011 risk assessment on polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in food, focusing on 10 congeners: BDE-28, -47, -49, -99, -100, -138, -153, -154, -183 and ‑209. The CONTAM Panel concluded that the neurodevelopmental effects on behaviour and reproductive/developmental effects are the critical effects in rodent studies. For four congeners (BDE-47, -99, -153, -209) the Panel derived Reference Points, i.e. benchmark doses and corresponding lower 95% confidence limits (BMDLs), for endpoint-specific benchmark responses. Since repeated exposure to PBDEs results in accumulation of these chemicals in the body, the Panel estimated the body burden at the BMDL in rodents, and the chronic intake that would lead to the same body burden in humans. For the remaining six congeners no studies were available to identify Reference Points. The Panel concluded that there is scientific basis for inclusion of all 10 congeners in a common assessment group and performed a combined risk assessment. The Panel concluded that the combined margin of exposure (MOET) approach was the most appropriate risk metric and applied a tiered approach to the risk characterisation. Over 84,000 analytical results for the 10 congeners in food were used to estimate the exposure across dietary surveys and age groups of the European population. The most important contributors to the chronic dietary Lower Bound exposure to PBDEs were meat and meat products and fish and seafood. Taking into account the uncertainties affecting the assessment, the Panel concluded that it is likely that current dietary exposure to PBDEs in the European population raises a health concern.
Collapse
|
4
|
Wu J, Deng F, Tang X, Chen W, Zhou R, Zhao T, Mao X, Shu F. Long-term effect of PBDE-99 prenatal exposure on spermatogenic injuries via the dysregulation of autophagy. J Hazard Mater 2023; 452:131234. [PMID: 36963198 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Although it has been reported that perinatal, especially prenatal exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) alters offspring's fertility, but little is known regarding their longitudinal effects over time. In the current study, we determined the associations between prenatal exposure to 2,2',4,4',5-pentabromodiphenyl ether (PBDE-99) of environmentally relevant levels in pregnant ICR mice and spermatogenic impairments in male offspring on postnatal day 70. Then, we monitored functional injuries in spermatogenic cells (GC-1 spg) exposed to PBDE-99 in vitro. Furthermore, transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatic analysis were used to investigate the underlying mechanism of PBDE-99 exposure to GC-1 spg. Additionally, the expression levels of key genes in the relevant pathways were quantified. Our findings indicated that exposure to PBDE-99 caused significantly spermatogenic injuries, which partly owing to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, dysregulation of autophagy, and finally induced spermatogenic cell apoptosis. Rescue validation experiments showed that stimulating autophagy could alleviate spermatogenic cell injury induced by PBDE-99. In conclusion, our findings indicated that the dysfunction of autophagy played a significant role in long-term reproductive toxicity following prenatal exposure to environmental concentrations of PBDE-99.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wu
- Department of Urology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, National Children's Medical Center for South Central Region, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Fuming Deng
- Department of Urology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, National Children's Medical Center for South Central Region, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangliang Tang
- Department of Urology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, National Children's Medical Center for South Central Region, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenbin Chen
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Department of Urology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, National Children's Medical Center for South Central Region, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tianxin Zhao
- Department of Urology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, National Children's Medical Center for South Central Region, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xiangming Mao
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China.
| | - Fangpeng Shu
- Department of Urology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, National Children's Medical Center for South Central Region, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Merlo E, Zimerman J, Dos Santos FCF, Zanol JF, da Costa CS, Carneiro PH, Miranda-Alves L, Warner GR, Graceli JB. Subacute and low dose of tributyltin exposure leads to brown adipose abnormalities in male rats. Toxicol Lett 2023; 376:26-38. [PMID: 36638932 PMCID: PMC9928871 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Tributyltin (TBT) is an obesogenic endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC) linked with several metabolic complications. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is the principal site for thermogenesis, making it a potential target for obesity management and metabolic disease. However, few studies have evaluated TBT effect on BAT function. In this investigation, we assessed whether subacute (15 days) and low dose of TBT exposure (100 ng/kg/day) results in abnormal BAT morphophysiology in adult male rats. Body temperature, BAT morphology, inflammation, oxidative stress, collagen deposition and BAT metabolic gene expression markers were assessed in room temperature (Room, ∼24 ºC) and after cold tolerance test (Cold, ∼4 ºC) conditions. A reduction in body temperature was observed in both Room and Cold conditions in TBT rats, suggesting abnormal BAT thermogenic function. Changes in BAT morphology were observed in TBT rats, with an increase in BAT lipid accumulation, an increase in BAT unilocular adipocyte number and a decrease in BAT multilocular adipocyte number in Room condition. All these parameters were opposite in Cold condition TBT rats, leading to a borderline increase in BAT UCP1 protein expression. An increase in BAT mast cell number was observed in TBT rats in Room condition. An increase in ED1 protein expression (macrophage marker) was observed in TBT rats in Cold condition. Oxidative stress and collagen deposition increased in both Room and Cold conditions in TBT rats. TBT exposure caused a borderline increase in BAT COL1A1 protein expression in Cold condition. Further, strong negative correlations were observed between body temperature and BAT lipid accumulation, and BAT lipid accumulation and multilocular adipocyte number. Thus, these data suggest that TBT exposure impaired BAT morphophysiology through impacts on lipid accumulation, inflammation, fibrosis and oxidative stress in male rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Merlo
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Jeanini Zimerman
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | | | - Jordana F Zanol
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Charles S da Costa
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Pedro H Carneiro
- Experimental Endocrinology Research, Development and Innovation Group, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, Ilha do Governador, Cidade Universitária, UFRJ, RJ, Brazil
| | - Leandro Miranda-Alves
- Experimental Endocrinology Research, Development and Innovation Group, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, Ilha do Governador, Cidade Universitária, UFRJ, RJ, Brazil
| | - Genoa R Warner
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, USA
| | - Jones B Graceli
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sheikh IA, Beg MA, Hamoda TAA, Mandourah HMS, Memili E. An Analysis of the Structural Relationship between Thyroid Hormone-Signaling Disruption and Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers: Potential Implications for Male Infertility. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24. [PMID: 36834711 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a common class of anthropogenic organobromine chemicals with fire-retardant properties and are extensively used in consumer products, such as electrical and electronic equipment, furniture, textiles, and foams. Due to their extensive use, PBDEs have wide eco-chemical dissemination and tend to bioaccumulate in wildlife and humans with many potential adverse health effects in humans, such as neurodevelopmental deficits, cancer, thyroid hormone disruption, dysfunction of reproductive system, and infertility. Many PBDEs have been listed as chemicals of international concern under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants. In this study, the aim was to investigate the structural interactions of PBDEs against thyroid hormone receptor (TRα) with potential implications in reproductive function. Structural binding of four PBDEs, i.e., BDE-28, BDE-100, BDE-153 and BDE-154 was investigated against the ligand binding pocket of TRα using Schrodinger's induced fit docking, followed by molecular interaction analysis and the binding energy estimation. The results indicated the stable and tight binding of all four PDBE ligands and similarity in the binding interaction pattern to that of TRα native ligand, triiodothyronine (T3). The estimated binding energy value for BDE-153 was the highest among four PBDEs and was more than that of T3. This was followed by BDE-154, which is approximately the same as that of TRα native ligand, T3. Furthermore, the value estimated for BDE-28 was the lowest; however, the binding energy value for BDE-100 was more than BDE-28 and close to that of TRα native ligand, T3. In conclusion, the results of our study suggested the thyroid signaling disruption potential of indicated ligands according to their binding energy order, which can possibly lead to disruption of reproductive function and infertility.
Collapse
|
7
|
Reynolds KJ, Zagho MM, Robertson M, Qiang Z, Nazarenko S. Environmental, Health, and Legislation Considerations for Rational Design of Nonreactive Flame-Retardant Additives for Polymeric Materials: Future Perspectives. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200472. [PMID: 35835732 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Increasing polymer usage has demanded functional additives that decrease fire hazards for end users. While traditional flame-retardant (FR) additives, such as halogenated, phosphorus, and metal hydroxides, greatly reduce flammability and associated fire hazards, research has continually exposed a litany of health and environmental safety concerns. This perspective aims to identify the key components of a successful FR additive and address material, environmental, and health concerns of existing additives. Legislation surrounding FRs and persistent organic pollutants is also discussed to highlight political perception that has resulted in the increased chemical regulations and subsequent banning of FR additives. Finally, future directions of this field regarding nonreactive additives, focusing on the use of bioinspired materials and transition metal chemistries to produce alternatives for polymers with efficacies surpassing traditional additives are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karina J Reynolds
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Shelby F. Thames Polymer Science Research Center, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
| | - Moustafa M Zagho
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Shelby F. Thames Polymer Science Research Center, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
| | - Mark Robertson
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Shelby F. Thames Polymer Science Research Center, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
| | - Zhe Qiang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Shelby F. Thames Polymer Science Research Center, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
| | - Sergei Nazarenko
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Shelby F. Thames Polymer Science Research Center, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Singh V, Cortes-Ramirez J, Toms LM, Sooriyagoda T, Karatela S. Effects of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers on Hormonal and Reproductive Health in E-Waste-Exposed Population: A Systematic Review. IJERPH 2022; 19:ijerph19137820. [PMID: 35805479 PMCID: PMC9265575 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Electronic waste management is a global rising concern that is primarily being handled by informal recycling practices. These release a mix of potentially hazardous chemicals, which is an important public health concern. These chemicals include polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), used as flame retardants in electronic parts, which are persistent in nature and show bioaccumulative characteristics. Although PBDEs are suspected endocrine disruptors, particularly targeting thyroid and reproductive hormone functions, the relationship of PBDEs with these health effects are not well established. We used the Navigation Guide methodology to conduct a systematic review of studies in populations exposed to e-waste to better understand the relationships of these persistent flame retardants with hormonal and reproductive health. We assessed nineteen studies that fit our pre-determined inclusion criteria for risk of bias, indirectness, inconsistency, imprecision, and other criteria that helped rate the overall evidence for its quality and strength of evidence. The studies suggest PBDEs may have an adverse effect on thyroid hormones, reproductive hormones, semen quality, and neonatal health. However, more research is required to establish a relationship of these effects in the e-waste-exposed population. We identified the limitations of the data available and made recommendations for future scientific work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Singh
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia; (L.-M.T.); (T.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Javier Cortes-Ramirez
- Centre for Data Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia;
- Children’s Health and Environment Program, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Universidad de Santander, Cúcuta 540003, Colombia
| | - Leisa-Maree Toms
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia; (L.-M.T.); (T.S.)
| | - Thilakshika Sooriyagoda
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia; (L.-M.T.); (T.S.)
| | - Shamshad Karatela
- School of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Mackay, QLD 4740, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Crépet A, Vasseur P, Jean J, Badot PM, Nesslany F, Vernoux JP, Feidt C, Mhaouty-Kodja S. Integrating Selection and Risk Assessment of Chemical Mixtures: A Novel Approach Applied to a Breast Milk Survey. Environ Health Perspect 2022; 130:35001. [PMID: 35238606 PMCID: PMC8893236 DOI: 10.1289/ehp8262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the main challenges of modern risk assessment is to account for combined exposure to the multitude of various substances present in food and the environment. OBJECTIVE The present work proposes a methodological approach to perform chemical risk assessment of contaminant mixtures across regulatory silos regarding an extensive range of substances and to do so when comprehensive relevant data concerning the specific effects and modes of action of the mixture components are not available. METHODS We developed a complete step-by-step approach using statistical methods to prioritize substances involved in combined exposure, and we used a component-based approach to cumulate the risk using dose additivity. The most relevant toxicological end point and the associated reference point were selected from the literature to construct a toxicological threshold for each substance. DISCUSSION By applying the proposed method to contaminants in breast milk, we observed that among the 19 substances comprising the selected mixture, ∑DDT, ∑PCBi, and arsenic were main joint contributors to the risk of neurodevelopmental and thyroid effects for infants. In addition, ∑PCCD/F contributed to the thyroid effect and ∑aldrin-dieldrin to the neurodevelopmental effect. Our case study on contaminants in breast milk demonstrated the importance of crossing regulatory silos when studying mixtures and the importance of identifying risk drivers to regulate the risk related to environmental contamination. Applying this method to another set of data, such as human biomonitoring or in ecotoxicology, will reinforce its relevance for risk assessment. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP8262.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Crépet
- Methodology and Studies Unit, Risk Assessment Department, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Paule Vasseur
- Université de Lorraine, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux, Metz, France
| | - Julien Jean
- Methodology and Studies Unit, Risk Assessment Department, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Pierre-Marie Badot
- Chrono-Environment Department, Franche-Comté University, CNRS, Besançon, France
| | - Fabrice Nesslany
- Université de Lille, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, EA4483-IMPacts de l’Environnement Chimique sur la Santé Humaine, Lille, France
- Laboratoire de Toxicologie Génétique, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Jean-Paul Vernoux
- Université de Caen Normandie, Unité de Recherche Aliments Bioprocédés Toxicologie Environnements, EA4651, Caen, France
| | - Cyril Feidt
- Université de Lorraine, Unité de Recherche Animal et Fonctionnalités des Produits Animaux, Nancy, France
| | - Sakina Mhaouty-Kodja
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Neuroscience Paris Seine—Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Buser MC, Pohl HR, Abadin HG. Windows of sensitivity to toxic chemicals in the development of the endocrine system: an analysis of ATSDR's toxicological profile database. Int J Environ Health Res 2022; 32:437-454. [PMID: 32495642 PMCID: PMC7714698 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2020.1772204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This review utilizes the robust database of literature contained in toxicological profiles developed by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. The aim was to use this database to identify developmental toxicity studies reporting alterations in hormone levels in the developing fetus and offspring and identify windows of sensitivity. We identified 74 oral exposure studies in rats that provided relevant information on 30 chemicals from 21 profiles. Most studies located provided information on thyroid hormones, with fewer studies on anterior pituitary, adrenal medulla, ovaries, and testes. No studies pertaining to hormones of the posterior pituitary, pancreas, or adrenal cortex were located. The results demonstrate that development of the endocrine system may be affected by exposure to environmental contaminants at many different points, including gestational and/or lactational exposure. Moreover, this review demonstrates the need for more developmental toxicity studies focused on the endocrine system and specifically alterations in hormone levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M C Buser
- US Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Toxicology and Human Health Sciences, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - H R Pohl
- US Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Toxicology and Human Health Sciences, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - H G Abadin
- US Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Toxicology and Human Health Sciences, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), Atlanta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
|
12
|
Sheikh IA, Beg MA. Structural binding perspectives of common plasticizers and a flame retardant, BDE-153, against thyroxine-binding globulin: potential for endocrine disruption. J Appl Toxicol 2021; 42:841-851. [PMID: 34725837 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The human exposure to diverse endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) has increased dramatically over several decades with very adverse health effects. Plasticizers and flame retardants constitute important classes of EDCs interfering in endocrine physiology including the thyroid function. Thyroxine (T4) is an important hormone regulating metabolism and playing key roles in developmental processes. In this study, six phthalate and nonphthalate plasticizers and one flame retardant (BDE-153) were subjected to structural binding against thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG). The aim was to understand their potential role in thyroid dysfunction using structural binding approach. The structural study was performed using Schrodinger's induced fit docking, followed by binding energy estimations of ligands and the molecular interaction analysis between the ligands and the amino acid residues in the TBG ligand-binding pocket. The results indicated that all the compounds packed tightly into the TBG ligand-binding pocket with similar binding pattern to that of TBG native ligand, T4. A high majority of TBG interacting amino acid residues for ligands showed commonality with native ligand, T4. The estimated binding energy values were highest for BDE-153 followed by nonphthalate plasticizer, DINCH, with values comparable with native ligand, T4. The estimated binding energy values of other plasticizers DEHP, DEHT, DEHA, ATBC, and TOTM were less than DINCH. In conclusion, the tight docking conformations, amino acid interactions, and binding energy values of the most of the indicated ligands were comparable with TBG native ligand, T4, suggesting their potential for thyroid dysfunction. The results revealed highest potential thyroid disruptive action for BDE-153 and DINCH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ishfaq Ahmad Sheikh
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Amin Beg
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gouesse RJ, Dianati E, McDermott A, Wade MG, Hales B, Robaire B, Plante I. In Utero and Lactational Exposure to an Environmentally Relevant Mixture of Brominated Flame Retardants Induces a Premature Development of the Mammary Glands. Toxicol Sci 2021; 179:206-219. [PMID: 33252648 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In utero and prepubertal development of the mammary glands occurs minimally in a hormone independent manner until puberty where maturation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis drives an extensive remodeling. Nevertheless, because the immature glands contain functional hormone receptors, they are especially vulnerable to the effects of endocrine disruptors, such as brominated flame retardants (BFRs). BFRs are widespread chemicals added to household objects to reduce their flammability, and to which humans are ubiquitously exposed. We previously reported that in utero and lactational exposure to BFRs resulted in an impaired mammary gland development in peripubertal animals. Here, we assessed whether BFR-induced disruption of mammary gland development could manifest earlier in life. Dams were exposed prior to mating until pups' weaning to a BFR mixture (0, 0.06, 20, or 60 mg/kg/day) formulated according to levels found in house dust. The mammary glands of female offspring were collected at weaning. Histo-morphological analyses showed that exposure to 0.06 mg/kg/day accelerates global epithelial development as demonstrated by a significant increase in total epithelial surface area, associated with a tendency to increase of the ductal area and thickness, and of lumen area. Significant increases of the Ki67 cell proliferation index and of the early apoptotic marker cleaved caspase-9 were also observed, as well as an upward trend in the number of thyroid hormone receptor α1 positive cells. These molecular, histologic, and morphometric changes are suggestive of accelerated pubertal development. Thus, our results suggest that exposure to an environmentally relevant mixture of BFRs induces precocious development of the mammary gland.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elham Dianati
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, Quebec H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Alec McDermott
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, Quebec H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Michael G Wade
- Health Canada, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Barbara Hales
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Bernard Robaire
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Isabelle Plante
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, Quebec H7V 1B7, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Arvaniti OS, Kalantzi OI. Determinants of flame retardants in non-occupationally exposed individuals - A review. Chemosphere 2021; 263:127923. [PMID: 32835974 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Flame retardants (FRs) constitute a large group of different substances, some of which have been phased out of the market due to health concerns, while others are still used in many common consumer products to prevent fire hazards. This review addressed the determinants of FRs in non-occupationally exposed individuals based on surveys and questionnaire data. For this literature review, three databases (Scopus, Pubmed and Web of Knowledge) were searched by applying suitable terms, inclusion and exclusion criteria, producing a final selection of 78 articles for review. Based on these surveys there is epidemiological evidence for a significant association (p < 0.05) among human exposure and demographic factors, as well as a significant correlation between exposure to FRs and behavioural and environmental factors. Age, gender, housing characteristics, electrical and electronic equipment and mouthing behaviour (in children) play a leading role in human exposure to FRs as published studies demonstrated. However, the methodological differences among studies such as population size, questionnaire design and statistical analysis did not reveal a complete pattern of human exposure routes. Risk perception and communication are also discussed based on limited available data. Knowledge gaps and future perspectives relating to standardized protocols, elucidation of contamination sources, and risk response of health information from different target groups were also identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga S Arvaniti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Caratheodory 1, University Campus, GR-26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Olga-Ioanna Kalantzi
- Department of Environment, University of the Aegean, University Hill, Mytilene, 81100, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sheikh IA, Beg MA. Structural studies on the endocrine-disrupting role of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in thyroid diseases. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:37866-37876. [PMID: 32613508 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09913-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are synthetic brominated flame retardants with extensive applications in daily-life consumer products. However, PBDEs have become ubiquitous environmental contaminants due to their leach-out capability. The hazardous human health effects and endocrine-disrupting activity of PBDEs have led many governmental organizations to impose ban on their manufacture, causing their gradual phase out from commercial products. However, PBDEs and their metabolites are still being detected from biological and environmental samples owing to their persistence and bioaccumulation. The PDBE metabolites in these samples are present in concentrations often higher and even with higher toxic potential than parent PBDEs. The two commonly detected environmental PBDE congeners, 2,2',4,4'-tetra-bromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) and 2,2',4,4',5-penta-bromodiphenyl ether (BDE-99), and their HO- and MeO- metabolites were considered in this study for their potential disrupting activity on thyroid hormone transport. Specifically, the study involved structural binding characterization of BDE-47 and BDE-99 including their two HO- and two MeO- metabolites with thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG), which is the main thyroid hormone transport protein in blood. The results showed that the binding pattern and molecular interactions of above two PBDEs and their metabolites exhibited overall similarity to native ligand, thyroxine in dock score, binding energy, and amino acid interactions with TBG. The BDE-99 and its metabolites were predicted to have stronger binding to TBG than BDE-47 with the metabolite 5-MeO-BDE-99 showing equal binding affinity to that of thyroxine. It is concluded that BDE-47 and BDE-99 and their metabolites have the potential to disrupt thyroid hormone transport and interfere in thyroid function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ishfaq Ahmad Sheikh
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohd Amin Beg
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Jin Y, Li J, Deng X, Xia B, Song Q, Zhao Y, He X, Li Y, Xu Z, Xie A, Lin J, Zhang Y, Chen S. Association between fetal growth restriction and maternal exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 198:110623. [PMID: 32361490 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Humans are exposed to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) via ingestion of food, dust inhalation, and dermal absorption. Exposure to PBDEs via the placenta and breast milk is a special and important pathway in infants. This nested case-control study aimed to investigate the levels of PBDEs in maternal serum and colostrum, and to assess the association between the occurrence of fetal growth restriction (FGR) and prenatal exposure to PBDEs. We recruited 293 mother-newborn pairs, including 98 FGR cases and 195 healthy controls in Wenzhou, China. Maternal serum and colostrum samples were collected during pregnancy and after delivery, respectively, and the levels of PBDEs were measured by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The total levels of PBDEs in maternal serum and colostrum were found to be in equilibrium, but congener profiles of PBDEs in these matrices were different. Increased BDE-207, BDE-209, ∑BDE196-209 and ∑PBDEs levels in maternal serum and BDE-99, ∑BDE17-154 and ∑PBDEs levels in colostrum were correlated with decreased birth weight Z score. Increased concentrations of higher brominated BDEs in maternal serum (odds ratio (OR) = 1.010, 95%CI = 1.003-1.018) and low-to moderately brominated BDEs in colostrum (OR = 1.004, 95%CI = 1.000-1.009) were associated with increased risk of FGR, which showed an exposure-response relationship. In addition, infants with FGR were more exposed to PBDEs in colostrum after birth than healthy infants. Longitudinal birth cohort studies are needed to determine the prolonged effect of PBDEs exposure on the growth of FGR infants in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Jin
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China; Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Jialin Li
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaokai Deng
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Bin Xia
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qi Song
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yingya Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaoxiao He
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Yimei Li
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Zhangye Xu
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Ailan Xie
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China; Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Yunhui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Shangqin Chen
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Helal MB, Labah DA, El-Magd MA, Sarhan NH, Nagy NB. Thyroidectomy induces thyroglobulin formation by parotid salivary glands in rats. Acta Histochem 2020; 122:151568. [PMID: 32622429 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2020.151568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Structural changes in parotid gland (PG) were previously reported following ablation of thyroid gland. However, the functional alterations (especially for proteins) have not been elucidated yet. Herein, we investigated the effect of rat thyroidectomy on PG structure and protein content and studied the ability of thyroxin-supplementation to alleviate the associated structural and functional changes. Male young adult 4-month old albino rats (n = 48) were allocated equally into 4 groups (control, sham-operated, thyroidectomized, and thyroxin-supplemented). PGs were examined histologically, and their proteins expression and localization were analyzed using western blot (WB) and immunohistochemistry (IHC), respectively at 3 w and 5 w post-surgery. Functionally, PGs of thyroidectomized rats formed a newly expressed 300 KDa protein, which was confirmed to be thyroglobulin (TG) by WB and IHC, with higher expression at 5 w. TG was localized in the interstitium, within capillaries, in the cytoplasm of the intralobular ductal cells, in the secretory products within the ductal lumen, and in the cytoplasm of individual small cells at the periphery of the acini. This functional change accompanied by structural changes in PGs (presence of dark and light acinar cells, TG-like colloid material, and high periductal vasculature). Noteworthy, PG of the thyroxin-supplemented depicted vanishment of TG. From these data, it could be concluded that thyroidectomy could alter the morphology and function of the parotid that induce a thyroid-like reprogramming of the parotid to secrete TG and thyroxin supplementation could alleviate this effect.
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhang T, Zhou X, Xu A, Tian Y, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Gu Q, Wang S, Wang Z. Toxicity of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) on rodent male reproductive system: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized control studies. Sci Total Environ 2020; 720:137419. [PMID: 32325560 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a group of environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). According to recent studies, the associations between PBDEs and rodent male reproductive system are controversial. Therefore, we performed this systematic review and meta-analysis to clarify the effects of PBDEs on rodent male reproductive system. Data were extracted from articles collected from PubMed, Web of Science, and other databases. The pooled standard mean deviation (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was used to evaluate the association between the male rodent reproductive system impairment and PBDE exposure. Ten articles were included in the present meta-analysis and systematic review. The summary SMD of reproductive toxicity associated with PBDEs was -0.46 (95% CI: -0.69, -0.22), and the overall association between DE-71 along with BDE-209 and male reproductive system damage was statistically significant (SMD = -0.7 95% CI: -1.18, -0.21, p = .041; SMD = -0.41, 95% CI: -0.77, -0.05, p = .000). The adverse impact of PBDEs on rodent male reproductive system, especially seminal vesicle (SMD = -1.09, 95% CI: -1.49, -0.49, p = .523) and ventral prostate (SMD = -1.27, 95% CI: -1.88, -0.65, p = .821), were clearly demonstrated. Moderate (SMD = -0.81, 95% CI: -1.182, -0.437, p = .197) and high (SMD = -0.41, 95% CI: -0.76, -0.05, p = .000) dosage may have exerted effect than relatively low (SMD = -0.29, 95% CI: -0.17, 0.12, p = .136) dosage. In conclusion, our meta-analysis and systematic review suggested PBDE toxicity on the male reproductive system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Zhang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300, Guangzhou Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300, Guangzhou Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China
| | - Aiming Xu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300, Guangzhou Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300, Guangzhou Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China
| | - Yuhao Wang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300, Guangzhou Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300, Guangzhou Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China
| | - Qi Gu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300, Guangzhou Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China
| | - ShangQian Wang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300, Guangzhou Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China
| | - Zengjun Wang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300, Guangzhou Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ruis MT, Rock KD, Hall SM, Horman B, Patisaul HB, Stapleton HM. PBDEs Concentrate in the Fetal Portion of the Placenta: Implications for Thyroid Hormone Dysregulation. Endocrinology 2019; 160:2748-2758. [PMID: 31555822 PMCID: PMC6821203 DOI: 10.1210/en.2019-00463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
During pregnancy, the supply of thyroid hormone (TH) to the fetus is critically important for fetal growth, neural development, metabolism, and maintenance of pregnancy. Additionally, in cases where maternal and placental TH regulation is significantly altered, there is an increased risk of several adverse pregnancy outcomes. It is unclear what may be disrupting placental TH regulation; however, studies suggest that environmental contaminants, such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), could be playing a role. In this study, Wistar rats were gestationally exposed to a mixture of PBDEs for 10 days. THs and PBDEs were quantified in paired maternal serum, dissected placenta, and fetuses, and mRNA expression of transporters in the placenta was assessed. Significantly higher concentrations of PBDEs were observed in the fetal portion of the placenta compared with the maternal side, suggesting that PBDEs are actively transported across the interface. PBDEs were also quantified in 10 recently collected human maternal and fetal placental tissues; trends paralleled observations in the rat model. We also observed an effect of PBDEs on T3 levels in dam serum, as well as suggestive changes in the T3 levels of the placenta and fetus that varied by fetal sex. mRNA expression in the placenta also significantly varied by fetal sex and dose. These observations suggest the placenta is a significant modifier of fetal exposures, and that PBDEs are impacting TH regulation in a sex-specific manner during this critical window of development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Ruis
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Levine Science Research Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Kylie D Rock
- Department of Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Samantha M Hall
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Levine Science Research Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Brian Horman
- Department of Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Heather B Patisaul
- Department of Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Heather M Stapleton
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Levine Science Research Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
- Children’s Health Discovery Initiative, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
- Correspondence: Heather M. Stapleton, PhD, 9 Circuit Drive, Box 90328, Durham, North Carolina 27708. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wen Q, Xie X, Zhao C, Ren Q, Zhang X, Wei D, Emanuelli B, Du Y. The brominated flame retardant PBDE 99 promotes adipogenesis via regulating mitotic clonal expansion and PPARγ expression. Sci Total Environ 2019; 670:67-77. [PMID: 30903904 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
"Obesogens" have been widely accepted as chemicals that promote obesity, and there are many environmental pollutants that were functionally identified as obesogens. PBDE 99 is one of the most abundant PBDE congeners detected in human. However, its obesogenic effects are poorly understood. Here, we explore the in vitro effects of PBDE 99 on adipogenesis, which is a key process in obesogenesis. We observed an increase in adipogenesis when differentiating cells were exposed to PBDE 99. Further, the promoting effects of PBDE 99 on adipogenesis were most efficient during the first 4 days of 3T3-L1 differentiation. Consistent with this, early transcriptional factor CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins β (C/EBPβ) was upregulated at Days 1 and 2 during differentiation, which is accompanied with the acceleration of mitotic clonal expansion (MCE) and the upregulation of terminal transcriptional factors C/EBPα and PPARγ2 from Day 2 or Day 4. Additionally, bisulfite genomic sequencing analysis revealed that PBDE 99 decreased methylation status of the CpG sites at PPARγ promoter region. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that PBDE 99 may be a potential environmental obesogen by promoting adipogenesis through facilitating MCE progression at early differentiation stage and upregulating key adipogenic factor PPARγ2 expression both in direct transcriptional and epigenetic regulation dependent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xinni Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Chuanfang Zhao
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qidong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dongbin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Brice Emanuelli
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yuguo Du
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Qin Q, Xu X, Dai Q, Ye K, Wang C, Huo X. Air pollution and body burden of persistent organic pollutants at an electronic waste recycling area of China. Environ Geochem Health 2019; 41:93-123. [PMID: 30171476 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-018-0176-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper reviews the concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in atmosphere of an electronic waste (e-waste) recycling town, Guiyu, in Southeast China, focusing on polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). We assess the evidence for the association between air pollution and human body burden, to provide an indication of the severity of respiratory exposure. Compared with standards and available existing data for other areas, it clearly shows that four typical POPs, derived from recycling processes, lead to serious atmospheric pollution and heavy body burden. From published data, the estimated respiratory exposure doses of Guiyu adults and children, varied between 2.48-10.37 and 3.25-13.6 ng kg-1 body weight (bw) day-1 for PBDEs, 2.31-7.6 and 4.09-13.58 pg World Health Organization-Toxic Equivalent Quantity (WHO-TEQ) kg-1 bw day-1 for PCDD/Fs, 5.57 and 20.52 ng kg-1 bw day-1 for PCBs, and 8.59-50.01 and 31.64-184.14 ng kg-1 bw day-1 for PAHs, respectively. These results show that air pollution is more harmful to children. Furthermore, except for PBDEs, the hazard quotient (HQ) of the other three pollutants was rated more than 1 by respiratory exposure only, and all of them are at risk of carcinogenesis. So we speculate these pollutants enter the body mainly through air inhalation, making respiratory exposure may be more important than dietary exposure in the Guiyu e-waste recycling area. Effective management policies and remediation techniques are urgently needed to prevent the deterioration of ambient air quality in the e-waste recycling area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qilin Qin
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, 855 East Xingye Avenue, Guangzhou, 511486, Guangdong, China
| | - Xijin Xu
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, and Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, China
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Qingyuan Dai
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, 855 East Xingye Avenue, Guangzhou, 511486, Guangdong, China
| | - Kai Ye
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, 855 East Xingye Avenue, Guangzhou, 511486, Guangdong, China
| | - Chenyang Wang
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, and Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Xia Huo
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, 855 East Xingye Avenue, Guangzhou, 511486, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Guigueno MF, Karouna-Renier NK, Henry PFP, Peters LE, Palace VP, Letcher RJ, Fernie KJ. Sex-specific responses in neuroanatomy of hatchling American kestrels in response to embryonic exposure to the flame retardants bis(2-ethylhexyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrabromophthalate and 2-ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018; 37:3032-3040. [PMID: 30035332 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrabromophthalate (BEH-TEBP) and 2-ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate (EH-TBB), flame retardant components of FireMaster 550® and 600® have been detected in tissues of wild birds. To address the paucity of information regarding potential impacts of flame retardants on the brain, brain volume regions of hatchling American kestrels (Falco sparverius) were evaluated following in ovo injection at embryonic day 5 with safflower oil or to 1 of 3 doses of either BEH-TEBP (12, 60, or 107 ng/g egg) or EH-TBB (11, 55, or 137 ng/g egg). The doses for both chemicals reflected concentrations reported in wild birds. The volumes of the hippocampus and telencephalon and volumetric differences between left and right hemispheres were measured in hatchlings (embryonic day 28). A sex-specific effect of BEH-TEBP on relative hippocampus volume was evident: the hippocampus was significantly enlarged in high-dose females compared to control females but smaller in low-dose females than the other females. There was no significant effect of EH-TBB on hippocampus volume in female kestrel hatchlings or of either chemical in male hatchlings and no effects of these concentrations of EH-TBB or BEH-TEBP on telencephalon volume or the level of symmetry between the hemispheres of the brain. In sum, embryonic exposure of female kestrels to these BEH-TEBP concentrations altered hippocampus volume, having the potential to affect spatial memory relating to ecologically relevant behavior such as prey capture, predator avoidance, and migration. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:3032-3040. © 2018 SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie F Guigueno
- Ecotoxicology & Wildlife Health Division, Science & Technology Branch, Environment & Climate Change Canada, Burlington, Ontario
- Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Paula F P Henry
- US Geological Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Beltsville, Maryland
| | - Lisa E Peters
- Riddell Faculty of Earth Environment and Resources, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Vince P Palace
- International Institute of Sustainable Development-Experimental Lakes Area, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Robert J Letcher
- Ecotoxicology & Wildlife Health Division, Science & Technology Branch, Environment & Climate Change Canada, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario
| | - Kim J Fernie
- Ecotoxicology & Wildlife Health Division, Science & Technology Branch, Environment & Climate Change Canada, Burlington, Ontario
- Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Gorini F, Iervasi G, Coi A, Pitto L, Bianchi F. The Role of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Thyroid Carcinogenesis: Is It a Weak Hypothesis or a Hidden Reality? From Facts to New Perspectives. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2018; 15:ijerph15091834. [PMID: 30149577 PMCID: PMC6165121 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15091834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In the last decades, the incidence of thyroid cancer has increased faster than that of any other malignant tumor type. The cause of thyroid cancer is likely multifactorial and a variety of both exogenous and endogenous has been identified as potential risk factors. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), used since the 1970s as flame retardants, are still widespread and persistent pollutants today, although their production was definitely phased out in the western countries several years ago. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers are known endocrine disruptors, and the endocrine system is their primary target. Whereas animal studies have ascertained the ability of PBDEs to affect the normal functionality of the thyroid, evidence in humans remains inconclusive, and only a few epidemiological studies investigated the association between exposure to PBDEs and thyroid cancer. However, a number of clues suggest that a prolonged exposure to these chemicals might act a trigger of the most common malignancy of the endocrine system, whereas further studies with an advanced design are suggested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Gorini
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Iervasi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Alessio Coi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Letizia Pitto
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Fabrizio Bianchi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Vuong AM, Braun JM, Webster GM, Thomas Zoeller R, Hoofnagle AN, Sjödin A, Yolton K, Lanphear BP, Chen A. Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) exposures and thyroid hormones in children at age 3 years. Environ Int 2018; 117:339-347. [PMID: 29787984 PMCID: PMC5997562 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) reduce serum thyroid hormone concentrations in animal studies, but few studies have examined the impact of early-life PBDE exposures on thyroid hormone disruption in childhood. METHODS We used data from 162 mother-child pairs from the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment Study (2003-2006, Cincinnati, OH). We measured PBDEs in maternal serum at 16 ± 3 weeks gestation and in child serum at 1-3 years. Thyroid hormones were measured in serum at 3 years. We used multiple informant models to investigate associations between prenatal and early-life PBDE exposures and thyroid hormone levels at age 3 years. RESULTS Prenatal PBDEs were associated with decreased thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels at age 3 years. A 10-fold increase in prenatal ∑PBDEs (BDE-28, -47, -99, -100, and -153) was associated with a 27.6% decrease (95% CI -40.8%, -11.3%) in TSH. A ten-fold increase in prenatal ∑PBDEs was associated with a 0.25 pg/mL (0.07, 0.43) increase in free triiodothyronine (FT3). Child sex modified associations between prenatal PBDEs and thyroid hormones, with significant decrements in TSH among females and decreased free T4 (FT4) in males. Prenatal ∑PBDEs were not associated with TT4, FT4, or total T3. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest an inverse relationship between prenatal ∑PBDEs and TSH at 3 years. Associations may be sexually dimorphic, with an inverse relationship between prenatal BDE-47 and -99 and TSH in females and null associations among males.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ann M Vuong
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, P.O. Box 670056, Cincinnati 45267, OH, USA
| | - Joseph M Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, 121 South Main St, Box G-S121-2, Providence 02912, RI, USA
| | - Glenys M Webster
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute and Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby V5A 1S6, BC, Canada
| | - R Thomas Zoeller
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 611 North Pleasant St, Amherst 01003, MA, USA
| | - Andrew N Hoofnagle
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, NW120, Seattle 98195, WA, USA
| | - Andreas Sjödin
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mail Stop F-20, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta 30341, GA, USA
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, MLC 7035, Cincinnati 45229, OH, USA
| | - Bruce P Lanphear
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute and Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby V5A 1S6, BC, Canada
| | - Aimin Chen
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, P.O. Box 670056, Cincinnati 45267, OH, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Oliveira KJ, Chiamolera MI, Giannocco G, Pazos-Moura CC, Ortiga-Carvalho TM. Thyroid Function Disruptors: from nature to chemicals. J Mol Endocrinol 2018; 62:JME-18-0081. [PMID: 30006341 DOI: 10.1530/jme-18-0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The modern concept of thyroid disruptors includes man-made chemicals and bioactive compounds from food that interfere with any aspect of the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis, thyroid hormone biosynthesis and secretion, blood and transmembrane transport, metabolism and local action of thyroid hormones. This review highlights relevant disruptors that effect populations through their diet: directly from food itself (fish oil and polyunsaturated fatty acids, pepper, coffee, cinnamon and resveratrol/grapes), through vegetable cultivation (pesticides) and from containers for food storage and cooking (bisphenol A, phthalates and polybrominated diphenyl ethers). Due to the vital role of thyroid hormones during every stage of life, we review effects from the gestational period through to adulthood, including evidence from in vitro studies, rodent models, human trials and epidemiological studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen J Oliveira
- K Oliveira, Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina e Metabologia, Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal Fluminense University, Niteroi, Brazil
| | - Maria Izabel Chiamolera
- M Chiamolera, Endocrinology, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo Escola Paulista de Medicina, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gisele Giannocco
- G Giannocco, Laboratório de Endocrinologia Molecular e Translacional, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo Escola Paulista de Medicina, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carmen Cabanelas Pazos-Moura
- C Pazos-Moura, Laboratório de Endocrinologia Molecular, Instituto de Biofisica Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tania Maria Ortiga-Carvalho
- T Ortiga-Carvalho, Laboratório de Endocrinologia Translacional, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Street ME, Angelini S, Bernasconi S, Burgio E, Cassio A, Catellani C, Cirillo F, Deodati A, Fabbrizi E, Fanos V, Gargano G, Grossi E, Iughetti L, Lazzeroni P, Mantovani A, Migliore L, Palanza P, Panzica G, Papini AM, Parmigiani S, Predieri B, Sartori C, Tridenti G, Amarri S. Current Knowledge on Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) from Animal Biology to Humans, from Pregnancy to Adulthood: Highlights from a National Italian Meeting. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1647. [PMID: 29865233 PMCID: PMC6032228 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Wildlife has often presented and suggested the effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Animal studies have given us an important opportunity to understand the mechanisms of action of many chemicals on the endocrine system and on neurodevelopment and behaviour, and to evaluate the effects of doses, time and duration of exposure. Although results are sometimes conflicting because of confounding factors, epidemiological studies in humans suggest effects of EDCs on prenatal growth, thyroid function, glucose metabolism and obesity, puberty, fertility, and on carcinogenesis mainly through epigenetic mechanisms. This manuscript reviews the reports of a multidisciplinary national meeting on this topic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elisabeth Street
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Paediatrics, Azienda USL-IRCCS, Viale Risorgimento 80, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Sabrina Angelini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Sergio Bernasconi
- Former Department of Medicine, University of Parma, Via A. Catalani 10, 43123 Parma, Italy.
| | - Ernesto Burgio
- ECERI European Cancer and Environment Research Institute, Square de Meeus, 38-40, 1000 Bruxelles, Belgium.
| | - Alessandra Cassio
- Pediatric Endocrinology Programme, Pediatrics Unit, Department of Woman, Child Health and Urologic Diseases, AOU S. Orsola-Malpighi, Via Massarenti, 11, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Cecilia Catellani
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Paediatrics, Azienda USL-IRCCS, Viale Risorgimento 80, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Francesca Cirillo
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Paediatrics, Azienda USL-IRCCS, Viale Risorgimento 80, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Annalisa Deodati
- Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Tor Vergata University, Piazza S. Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy.
| | - Enrica Fabbrizi
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Augusto Murri Hospital, Via Augusto Murri, 17, 63900 Fermo, Itlay.
| | - Vassilios Fanos
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Neonatal Pathology and Neonatal Section, AOU and University of Cagliari, via Ospedale, 54, 09124 Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Giancarlo Gargano
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Paediatrics, Azienda USL-IRCCS, Viale Risorgimento 80, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Enzo Grossi
- Villa Santa Maria Institute, Neuropsychiatric Rehabilitation Center, Via IV Novembre 15, 22038 Tavernerio (Como), Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Iughetti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of the Mother, Children and Adults, Pediatrics Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo, 71, 41124 Modena, Italy.
| | - Pietro Lazzeroni
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Paediatrics, Azienda USL-IRCCS, Viale Risorgimento 80, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Food and Veterinary Toxicology Unit ISS⁻National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Lucia Migliore
- Department of Traslational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma, 55, 56123 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Paola Palanza
- Unit of Neuroscience, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Giancarlo Panzica
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi Montalcini, University of Turin, Via Cherasco 15, 10126 Turin, Italy.
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri-Ottolenghi (NICO), Regione Gonzole, 10, 10043 Orbassano (Turin), Italy.
| | - Anna Maria Papini
- Department of Chemistry 'Ugo Schiff', University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia, 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
| | - Stefano Parmigiani
- Unit of Evolutionary and Functional Biology-Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability (SCVSA)-University of Parma⁻11/a, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Barbara Predieri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of the Mother, Children and Adults, Pediatrics Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo, 71, 41124 Modena, Italy.
| | - Chiara Sartori
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Paediatrics, Azienda USL-IRCCS, Viale Risorgimento 80, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Gabriele Tridenti
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Paediatrics, Azienda USL-IRCCS, Viale Risorgimento 80, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Sergio Amarri
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Paediatrics, Azienda USL-IRCCS, Viale Risorgimento 80, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Sarkar D, Singh SK. Inhibition of testicular steroidogenesis and impaired differentiation of Sertoli cells in peripubertal mice offspring following maternal exposure to BDE-209 during lactation suppress germ cell proliferation. Toxicol Lett 2018; 290:83-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
28
|
Deng WJ, Li N, Wu R, Richard WKS, Wang Z, Ho W. Phosphorus flame retardants and Bisphenol A in indoor dust and PM 2.5 in kindergartens and primary schools in Hong Kong. Environ Pollut 2018; 235:365-371. [PMID: 29306804 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.12.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate flame retardants (PFRs) and bisphenol A (BPA) were measured in indoor dust and PM2.5 samples from nine kindergartens and two primary schools in Hong Kong. The average levels of PM2.5 ranged from 4.0E+03 ng/m3 to 1.5E+04 ng/m3. Average levels of PFRs (from 1.5 ng/m3 to 20 ng/m3 in PM2.5; from 8.0E-02 μg/g dw to 2.4 μg/g dw in dust) and BPA (from 6.4E-01 ng/m3 to 1.0 ng/m3 in PM2.5; from 1.0E-02 μg/g dw to 2.0E-01 μg/g dw in dust) were detected in most of the sampling sites. Tri-(2-Chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), tris(1,3-Dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCP), tris-(chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCPP), and triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) were present in low levels in PM2.5 with medians of 16, 14, 8.7, and 3.2 ng/m3, respectively. In dust, the medians were 1.5E-01, 5.5E-02, 5.9E-01, 8.6E-01, and 8.5E-02 μg/g dw for TCEP, TCPP, TDCPP, TPHP, and 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate, respectively. The medians of BPA were 6.4E-01 ng/m3 and 7.4E-02 μg/g dw for PM2.5 and dust, respectively. A positive correlation was found between indoor PM2.5 and dust in the levels of TCEP (r = 0.85; p = .05). In the individual classroom in this survey, the predominant PFRs were similar, that is, TDCP and TCEP in indoor PM2.5 while TPHP and TDCP in dust. TPHP and TCEP in primary schools were obviously lower than those in kindergartens. The estimated daily intakes via PM2.5 and dust for all selected PFRs ranged from 1.3E-4 μg/kg/d to 2.0E-02 μg/kg/d, and the value of less than the detection limit at 3.5E-4 μg/kg/d was found for BPA. The EDI values of TPHP in dust non-dietary intake fraction were higher than those in the others. Calculated hazard indices (EDI/RfD) ranged from 4.8E-06 and 5.5E-03, showing that PFRs and BPA in PM2.5 and dust presented no health risks to children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jing Deng
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, N.T., Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, N.T., Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Rudolf Wu
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, N.T., Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Wong K S Richard
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, N.T., Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Zijian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100085 Beijing, China
| | - Wingkei Ho
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, N.T., Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
At present, human risk assessment of the structurally similar non-dioxin-like (NDL) PCBs and polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs) is done independently for both groups of compounds. There are however obvious similarities between NDL-PCBs and PBDEs with regard to modulation of the intracellular calcium homeostasis (basal calcium levels, voltage-gated calcium channels, calcium uptake, ryanodine receptor) and thyroid hormone (TH) homeostasis (TH levels and transport). which are mechanisms of action related to neurobehavioral effects (spontaneous activity, habituation and learning ability). There also similarities in agonistic interactions with the hepatic nuclear receptors PXR and CAR. Several effects on developmental (reproductive) processes have also been observed, but results were more dispersed and insufficient to compare both groups of compounds. The available mechanistic information is sufficient to warrant a dose addition model for NDL-PCBs and PBDEs, including their hydroxylated metabolites.Although many of the observed effects are similar from a qualitative point of view for both groups, congener or tissue specific differences have also been found. As this is a source of uncertainty in the combined hazard and risk assessment of these compounds, molecular entities involved in the observed mechanisms and adverse outcomes associated with these compounds need to be identified. The systematical generation of (quantitative) structure-activity information for NDL-PCBs and PBDEs on these targets (including potential non-additive effects) will allow a more realistic risk estimation associated with combined exposure to both groups of compounds during early life. Additional validation studies are needed to quantify these uncertainties for risk assessment of NDL-PCBs and PBDEs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milou M L Dingemans
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolijn Kock
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martin van den Berg
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Xu B, Wu M, Wang M, Pan C, Qiu W, Tang L, Xu G. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and hydroxylated PBDEs in human serum from Shanghai, China: a study on their presence and correlations. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:3518-3526. [PMID: 29159438 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0709-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are becoming a public health concern because of their potential toxicity, from endocrine disruption system to neurodevelopmental impairments. Nonetheless, information on their levels in human blood is scarce. In this study, human serum samples collected in Shanghai, China, were analyzed for the concentrations of PBDEs and their hydroxylated metabolites (OH-PBDEs). Eight PBDE congeners and six OH-PBDE congeners were quantified in serum samples by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). As a result, total PBDE concentration ranged from 0.280 to 12.330 ng g-1 on a lipid weight basis lw (median: 1.100 ng g-1 lw) and the total OH-PBDE level ranged from 0.045 to 0.363 ng g-1 (lw) (median: 0.187 ng g-1 lw). Among them, BDE-47 and 6-OH-BDE-47 were the predominant PBDEs and OH-PBDEs, respectively. In addition, based on the results of the Bartelett X 2 test, BDE-47 significantly (p < 0.05) correlated with BDE-28, BDE-100, BDE-85, and BDE-154, whereas 3'-OH-BDE-7 significantly (p < 0.01) correlated with 3-OH-BDE-47, 2-OH-BDE-68, and 6'-OH-BDE-99. Among all donors, no significant association between age and PBDEs (or OH-PBDEs) was found. Further research on the exposure routes in the environment and metabolic processing of PBDEs in human blood is necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bentuo Xu
- Institute of Applied Radiation, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Minghong Wu
- Institute of Applied Radiation, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingnan Wang
- Yinyuan Hospital, Jiading District, Shanghai, 201800, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenyuan Pan
- Institute of Applied Radiation, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhui Qiu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Tang
- Institute of Applied Radiation, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Xu
- Institute of Applied Radiation, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Badr El Dine FMM, Nabil IM, Dwedar FI. The effect of Tributyltin on thyroid follicular cells of adult male albino rats and the possible protective role of green tea: a toxicological, histological and biochemical study. Egypt J Forensic Sci 2017; 7:7. [PMID: 28781899 PMCID: PMC5514189 DOI: 10.1186/s41935-017-0012-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Tributyltin is one of the important and wide-spread persistent organic contaminants that accumulate in the food chain. It is suspected to cause endocrine-disrupting effects in mammals, due in part to its possible transfer through marine food chains and to the consumption of contaminated seafood. Aim of the work Was to study the possible toxic effect of Tributyltin on thyroid follicular cells of adult male albino rats and to evaluate the possible protective role of green tea. Material and methods Forty-five adult male albino rats were included and randomly divided into 3 equal groups: a control group (Group I); Group II: received tributyltin chloride (TBT) dissolved in corn oil orally in a dose of 5 mg/kg for 30 days. Group III: received tributyltin chloride in the same dose with concomitant oral administration of green tea extract for 30 days. At the end of the experiment, the animals were sacrificed and blood samples were subjected to hormonal assay for T3, T4 and TSH levels. Malondialdehyde and reduced glutathione were assessed. The thyroid tissue was processed for histological and ultrastructure examination. The colloid area of thyroid follicles was evaluated morphometrically and statistically analyzed. Results A significant decrease in T3 and T4 levels and serum reduced glutathione in the group II when compared with the other groups. Furthermore, a significant increase in serum Malondialdehyde and TSH levels was recorded in group II treated group by comparison to the other two groups. Histopathological and ultrastructural changes of thyroid gland follicles were detected in tributyltin treated rats; the follicular cells appeared swollen and vacuolated. Epithelial stratification was noticed in some foci with excessive vacuolation of the colloid. Dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum filled with flocculent material and increased number of lysosomes were also detected together with variation in shape and size of the nuclei. A marked improvement in the histological features of thyroid follicles was noticed in group III. Conclusion Tributyltin induces oxidative stress in rats as well as anti-thyroid effect. The green tea extract is useful in combating tissue injury that is a result of tributyltin toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatma M M Badr El Dine
- Departments of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Champollion Street, El- Khartoum Square, Azarita Medical Campus, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Iman M Nabil
- Histology and cell biology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Fatma I Dwedar
- Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Sarkar D, Singh SK. Maternal exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ether (BDE-209) during lactation affects germ cell survival with altered testicular glucose homeostasis and oxidative status through down-regulation of Cx43 and p27Kip1 in prepubertal mice offspring. Toxicology 2017; 386:103-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2017.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
33
|
Genuis SK, Birkholz D, Genuis SJ. Human Excretion of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether Flame Retardants: Blood, Urine, and Sweat Study. Biomed Res Int 2017; 2017:3676089. [PMID: 28373979 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3676089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Commonly used as flame retardants, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are routinely detected in the environment, animals, and humans. Although these persistent organic pollutants are increasingly recognized as having serious health implications, particularly for children, this is the first study, to our knowledge, to investigate an intervention for human elimination of bioaccumulated PBDEs. Objectives. To determine the efficacy of blood, urine, and perspiration as PBDE biomonitoring mediums; assess excretion of five common PBDE congeners (28, 47, 99, 100, and 153) in urine and perspiration; and explore the potential of induced sweating for decreasing bioaccumulated PBDEs. Results. PBDE congeners were not found in urine samples; findings focus on blood and perspiration. 80% of participants tested positive in one or more body fluids for PBDE 28, 100% for PBDE 47, 95% for PBDE 99, and 90% for PBDE 100 and PBDE 153. Induced perspiration facilitated excretion of the five congeners, with different rates of excretion for different congeners. Conclusion. Blood testing provides only a partial understanding of human PBDE bioaccumulation; testing of both blood and perspiration provides a better understanding. This study provides important baseline evidence for regular induced perspiration as a potential means for therapeutic PBDE elimination. Fetotoxic and reproductive effects of PBDE exposure highlight the importance of further detoxification research.
Collapse
|
34
|
Vuong AM, Braun JM, Sjödin A, Webster GM, Yolton K, Lanphear BP, Chen A. Prenatal Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether Exposure and Body Mass Index in Children Up To 8 Years of Age. Environ Health Perspect 2016; 124:1891-1897. [PMID: 27285825 PMCID: PMC5132628 DOI: 10.1289/ehp139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal exposure to endocrine disruptors has been associated with increased risk of childhood obesity. However, epidemiologic studies on polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are limited despite animal studies indicating PBDEs' potential role as an obesogen. OBJECTIVES We investigated whether maternal concentrations of BDEs 28, 47, 99, 100, 153, and ΣPBDEs during pregnancy were associated with anthropometric measures in children aged 1-8 years. METHODS We examined 318 mother-child pairs in the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment (HOME) Study, a birth cohort enrolled from 2003 through 2006 (Cincinnati, OH). Serum PBDEs were measured at 16 ± 3 weeks gestation. We measured child height (1-8 years), weight (1-8 years), body mass index (BMI) (2-8 years), waist circumference (4-8 years), and body fat (8 years). To account for repeated measures, we used linear mixed models and generalized estimating equations to estimate associations between maternal PBDEs and child anthropometric measures. RESULTS We found no statistically significant associations between prenatal PBDEs and height or weight z-score. A 10-fold increase in maternal serum BDE-153 was associated with lower BMI z-score (β = -0.36; 95% CI: -0.60, -0.13) at 2-8 years, smaller waist circumference (β = -1.81 cm; 95% CI: -3.13, -0.50) at 4-8 years, and lower percent body fat (β = -2.37%; 95% CI: -4.21, -0.53) at 8 years. A decrease in waist circumference at 4-8 years was observed with a 10-fold increase in BDE-100 (β = -1.50 cm; 95% CI: -2.93, -0.08) and ΣPBDEs (β = -1.57 cm; 95% CI: -3.11, -0.02). CONCLUSIONS Reverse causality may have resulted in prenatal PBDEs, particularly BDE-153, and decreased BMI, waist circumference, and body fat. Citation: Vuong AM, Braun JM, Sjödin A, Webster GM, Yolton K, Lanphear BP, Chen A. 2016. Prenatal polybrominated diphenyl ether exposure and body mass index in children up to 8 years of age. Environ Health Perspect 124:1891-1897; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP139.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ann M. Vuong
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Joseph M. Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Andreas Sjödin
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Glenys M. Webster
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Bruce P. Lanphear
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Aimin Chen
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Address correspondence to: A. Chen, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, P.O. Box 670056, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0056 USA. Telephone: (513) 558-2129. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Sarkar D, Chowdhury JP, Singh SK. Effect of polybrominated diphenyl ether (BDE-209) on testicular steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis through altered thyroid status in adult mice. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2016; 239:50-61. [PMID: 26602377 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), a class of brominated flame retardants (BFRs), have been widely used in many products to minimize the risk of fire, mainly by mixing in polymer products. BDE-209, a congener of PBDEs having structural similarity with thyroid hormones, acts as an endocrine disruptor by interfering with thyroid homeostasis. However, little is known about the effect of BDE-209 exposure on testicular steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis. This study was therefore conducted in adult mice to examine the effect of BDE-209 on testicular steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis in relation to thyroid status, and to explore possible mechanism(s) of its action. Adult Parkes strain male mice were orally gavaged with 750 and 950mg/kg BW of BDE-209 in corn oil for 35days. Significant reductions were noted in the levels of serum total T3, T4 and testosterone in mice treated with 950mg/kg BW of BDE-209 compared to controls; histologically, testes showed nonuniform degenerative changes in the seminiferous tubules as both affected and normal tubules were observed in the same section; further, number and viability of spermatozoa were also adversely affected in cauda epididymidis of these mice. Semiquantitative RT-PCR and western blot analyses also showed significant reductions in both testicular mRNA and protein levels of steroidogenic factor 1 (SF-1), steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein, cytochrome P450scc (CYP11A1), 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD) in 950mg dose treated-mice compared to controls. Immunohistochemical and immunoblot analyses further revealed a marked decrease in proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) positive cells in testes of 950mg dose of BDE-209-treated mice. However, 750mg dose of BDE-209 had no effect on the above parameters. In conclusion, our results suggest that exposure of BDE-209 to adult mice causes reduction in serum levels of thyroid hormones and altered thyroid status may partly result into impairment of testicular steroidogenesis because of down-regulated expression of SF-1, thereby causing suppression of spermatogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debarshi Sarkar
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | | | - Shio Kumar Singh
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Norloei S, Jafari MJ, Omidi L, Khodakarim S, Bashash D, Abdollahi MB, Jafari M. The effects of heat stress on a number of hematological parameters and levels of thyroid hormones in foundry workers. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics 2016; 23:481-490. [DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2016.1246122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Norloei
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Jafari
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Leila Omidi
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheila Khodakarim
- Department of Epidemiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Davood Bashash
- Department of Oncology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | | | - Mina Jafari
- Department of Pathology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Besis A, Voutsa D, Samara C. Atmospheric occurrence and gas-particle partitioning of PBDEs at industrial, urban and suburban sites of Thessaloniki, northern Greece: Implications for human health. Environ Pollut 2016; 215:113-124. [PMID: 27179330 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.04.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Air samples were collected during the cold and the warm period of the year 2012 and 2013 at three sites in the major Thessaloniki area, northern Greece (urban-industrial, urban-traffic and urban-background) in order to evaluate the occurrence, profiles, seasonal variation and gas/particle partitioning of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). The mean total concentrations of particle phase ∑12PBDE in the cold season were 28.7, 19.5 and 3.87 pg m(-3) at the industrial, urban-traffic and urban-background site, respectively, dropping slightly in the warm season (23.7, 17.5 and 3.14 pg m(-3)), respectively. The corresponding levels of gas-phase ∑12PBDE were 14.4, 7.15 and 4.73 pg m(-3) in the cold season and 21.2, 11.1 and 6.27 pg m(-3) in the warm season, respectively. In all samples, BDE-47 and BDE-99 were the dominant congeners. Absorption of PBDEs in the organic matter of particles appeared to drive their gas/particle partitioning, particularly in the cold season. The estimated average outdoor workday inhalation exposure to ∑12PBDE in the cold and the warm period followed the order: industrial site (288 and 299 pg day(-1)) > urban-traffic site (178 and 191 pg day(-1)) > urban-background site (58 and 63 pg day(-1)). The exposures to BDE-47, BDE-99, BDE-153 and ∑3PBDE via inhalation, for children outdoor worker and seniors were several orders of magnitude lower than their corresponding oral RfD values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Besis
- Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitra Voutsa
- Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Constantini Samara
- Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
de-Miranda AS, Kuriyama SN, da-Silva CS, do-Nascimento MSC, Parente TEM, Paumgartten FJR. Thyroid hormone disruption and cognitive impairment in rats exposed to PBDE during postnatal development. Reprod Toxicol 2016; 63:114-24. [PMID: 27233481 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ether flame-retardants (PBDEs) are thyroid-disrupting environmental chemicals. We investigated the effects of postnatal exposure to DE-71 (a mixture of tetra- and penta-brominated congeners), n-propylthiouracil (PTU) and thyroxine (T4) replacement on open-field (OF) and radial maze (RAM) tests. Wistar rats (5 males/5 females per litter, 32 litters) were treated orally (PND 5-22) with PTU (4mg/kg bw/d), DE-71 (30mg/kg bw/d), with and without co-administration of T4 (15μg/kg bw/d, sc). PTU depressed T4 serum levels and body weight gain and enlarged thyroid gland. Although decreasing T4 levels, DE-71 did not change thyroid and body weights. PTU-treated rats showed hyperactivity (PND 42 and 70), and working and reference memory learning deficits (RAM, PND 100). Although not altering motor activity and working memory, DE-71 caused a reference memory deficit (females only). T4 co-administration averted hypothyroxinemia and long-term cognitive deficits caused by PTU and DE-71.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andressa S de-Miranda
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-361, Brazil
| | - Sergio N Kuriyama
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-361, Brazil
| | - Camille S da-Silva
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-361, Brazil
| | - Monicke S C do-Nascimento
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-361, Brazil
| | - Thiago E M Parente
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-361, Brazil
| | - Francisco J R Paumgartten
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-361, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Gore AC, Chappell VA, Fenton SE, Flaws JA, Nadal A, Prins GS, Toppari J, Zoeller RT. EDC-2: The Endocrine Society's Second Scientific Statement on Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals. Endocr Rev 2015; 36:E1-E150. [PMID: 26544531 PMCID: PMC4702494 DOI: 10.1210/er.2015-1010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1221] [Impact Index Per Article: 135.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Endocrine Society's first Scientific Statement in 2009 provided a wake-up call to the scientific community about how environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) affect health and disease. Five years later, a substantially larger body of literature has solidified our understanding of plausible mechanisms underlying EDC actions and how exposures in animals and humans-especially during development-may lay the foundations for disease later in life. At this point in history, we have much stronger knowledge about how EDCs alter gene-environment interactions via physiological, cellular, molecular, and epigenetic changes, thereby producing effects in exposed individuals as well as their descendants. Causal links between exposure and manifestation of disease are substantiated by experimental animal models and are consistent with correlative epidemiological data in humans. There are several caveats because differences in how experimental animal work is conducted can lead to difficulties in drawing broad conclusions, and we must continue to be cautious about inferring causality in humans. In this second Scientific Statement, we reviewed the literature on a subset of topics for which the translational evidence is strongest: 1) obesity and diabetes; 2) female reproduction; 3) male reproduction; 4) hormone-sensitive cancers in females; 5) prostate; 6) thyroid; and 7) neurodevelopment and neuroendocrine systems. Our inclusion criteria for studies were those conducted predominantly in the past 5 years deemed to be of high quality based on appropriate negative and positive control groups or populations, adequate sample size and experimental design, and mammalian animal studies with exposure levels in a range that was relevant to humans. We also focused on studies using the developmental origins of health and disease model. No report was excluded based on a positive or negative effect of the EDC exposure. The bulk of the results across the board strengthen the evidence for endocrine health-related actions of EDCs. Based on this much more complete understanding of the endocrine principles by which EDCs act, including nonmonotonic dose-responses, low-dose effects, and developmental vulnerability, these findings can be much better translated to human health. Armed with this information, researchers, physicians, and other healthcare providers can guide regulators and policymakers as they make responsible decisions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A C Gore
- Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.C.G.), College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78734; Division of the National Toxicology Program (V.A.C., S.E.F.), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709; Department of Comparative Biosciences (J.A.F.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802; Institute of Bioengineering and CIBERDEM (A.N.), Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain; Departments of Urology, Pathology, and Physiology & Biophysics (G.S.P.), College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612; Departments of Physiology and Pediatrics (J.T.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland; and Biology Department (R.T.Z.), University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - V A Chappell
- Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.C.G.), College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78734; Division of the National Toxicology Program (V.A.C., S.E.F.), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709; Department of Comparative Biosciences (J.A.F.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802; Institute of Bioengineering and CIBERDEM (A.N.), Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain; Departments of Urology, Pathology, and Physiology & Biophysics (G.S.P.), College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612; Departments of Physiology and Pediatrics (J.T.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland; and Biology Department (R.T.Z.), University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - S E Fenton
- Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.C.G.), College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78734; Division of the National Toxicology Program (V.A.C., S.E.F.), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709; Department of Comparative Biosciences (J.A.F.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802; Institute of Bioengineering and CIBERDEM (A.N.), Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain; Departments of Urology, Pathology, and Physiology & Biophysics (G.S.P.), College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612; Departments of Physiology and Pediatrics (J.T.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland; and Biology Department (R.T.Z.), University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - J A Flaws
- Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.C.G.), College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78734; Division of the National Toxicology Program (V.A.C., S.E.F.), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709; Department of Comparative Biosciences (J.A.F.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802; Institute of Bioengineering and CIBERDEM (A.N.), Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain; Departments of Urology, Pathology, and Physiology & Biophysics (G.S.P.), College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612; Departments of Physiology and Pediatrics (J.T.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland; and Biology Department (R.T.Z.), University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - A Nadal
- Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.C.G.), College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78734; Division of the National Toxicology Program (V.A.C., S.E.F.), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709; Department of Comparative Biosciences (J.A.F.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802; Institute of Bioengineering and CIBERDEM (A.N.), Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain; Departments of Urology, Pathology, and Physiology & Biophysics (G.S.P.), College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612; Departments of Physiology and Pediatrics (J.T.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland; and Biology Department (R.T.Z.), University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - G S Prins
- Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.C.G.), College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78734; Division of the National Toxicology Program (V.A.C., S.E.F.), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709; Department of Comparative Biosciences (J.A.F.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802; Institute of Bioengineering and CIBERDEM (A.N.), Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain; Departments of Urology, Pathology, and Physiology & Biophysics (G.S.P.), College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612; Departments of Physiology and Pediatrics (J.T.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland; and Biology Department (R.T.Z.), University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - J Toppari
- Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.C.G.), College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78734; Division of the National Toxicology Program (V.A.C., S.E.F.), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709; Department of Comparative Biosciences (J.A.F.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802; Institute of Bioengineering and CIBERDEM (A.N.), Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain; Departments of Urology, Pathology, and Physiology & Biophysics (G.S.P.), College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612; Departments of Physiology and Pediatrics (J.T.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland; and Biology Department (R.T.Z.), University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - R T Zoeller
- Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.C.G.), College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78734; Division of the National Toxicology Program (V.A.C., S.E.F.), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709; Department of Comparative Biosciences (J.A.F.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802; Institute of Bioengineering and CIBERDEM (A.N.), Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain; Departments of Urology, Pathology, and Physiology & Biophysics (G.S.P.), College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612; Departments of Physiology and Pediatrics (J.T.), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland; and Biology Department (R.T.Z.), University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Erkin-Cakmak A, Harley KG, Chevrier J, Bradman A, Kogut K, Huen K, Eskenazi B. In utero and childhood polybrominated diphenyl ether exposures and body mass at age 7 years: the CHAMACOS study. Environ Health Perspect 2015; 123:636-42. [PMID: 25738596 PMCID: PMC4455588 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1408417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are lipophilic flame retardants that bioaccumulate in humans. Child serum PBDE concentrations in California are among the highest worldwide. PBDEs may be associated with obesity by disrupting endocrine systems. OBJECTIVE In this study, we examined whether pre- and postnatal exposure to the components of pentaBDE mixture was associated with childhood obesity in a population of Latino children participating in a longitudinal birth cohort study in the Salinas Valley, California. METHODS We measured PBDEs in serum collected from 224 mothers during pregnancy and their children at 7 years of age, and examined associations with body mass index (BMI) at age 7 years. RESULTS Maternal PBDE serum levels during pregnancy were associated with higher BMI z-scores in boys (BMI z-score βadjusted = 0.26; 95% CI: -0.19, 0.72) but lower scores in girls (BMI z-score βadjusted = -0.41; 95% CI: -0.87, -0.05) at 7 years of age (pinteraction = 0.04). In addition, child's serum BDE-153 concentration (log10), but not other pentaBDE congeners, demonstrated inverse associations with BMI at age 7 years (BMI z-score βadjusted = -1.15; 95% CI: -1.53, -0.77), but there was no interaction by sex. CONCLUSIONS We estimated sex-specific associations with maternal PBDE levels during pregnancy and BMI at 7 years of age, finding positive associations in boys and negative associations in girls. Children's serum BDE-153 concentrations were inversely associated with BMI at 7 years with no difference by sex. Future studies should examine the longitudinal trends in obesity with PBDE exposure and changes in hormonal environment as children transition through puberty, as well as evaluate the potential for reverse causality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayca Erkin-Cakmak
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Simpson S, Gross MS, Olson JR, Zurek E, Aga DS. Identification of polybrominated diphenyl ether metabolites based on calculated boiling points from COSMO-RS, experimental retention times, and mass spectral fragmentation patterns. Anal Chem 2015; 87:2299-305. [PMID: 25565148 DOI: 10.1021/ac504107b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The COnductor-like Screening MOdel for Realistic Solvents (COSMO-RS) was used to predict the boiling points of several polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and methylated derivatives (MeO-BDEs) of monohydroxylated BDE (OH-BDE) metabolites. The linear correlation obtained by plotting theoretical boiling points calculated by COSMO-RS against experimentally determined retention times from gas chromatography-mass spectrometry facilitated the identification of PBDEs and OH-BDEs. This paper demonstrates the applicability of COSMO-RS in identifying unknown PBDE metabolites of 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) and 2,2',4,4',6-pentabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-100). Metabolites of BDE-47 and BDE-100 were formed through individual incubations of each PBDE with recombinant cytochrome P450 2B6. Using calculated boiling points and characteristic mass spectral fragmentation patterns of the MeO-BDE positional isomers, the identities of the unknown monohydroxylated metabolites were proposed to be 2'-hydroxy-2,3',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (2'-OH-BDE-66) from BDE-47, and 2'-hydroxy-2,3',4,4',6-pentabromodiphenyl ether (2'-OH-BDE-119) and 4-hydroxy-2,2',3,4',6-pentabromodiphenyl ether (4-OH-BDE-91) from BDE-100. The collective use of boiling points predicted with COSMO-RS, and characteristic mass spectral fragmentation patterns provided a valuable tool toward the identification of isobaric compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott Simpson
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY) , Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Lyche JL, Rosseland C, Berge G, Polder A. Human health risk associated with brominated flame-retardants (BFRs). Environ Int 2015; 74:170-80. [PMID: 25454234 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The purposes of this review are to assess the human exposure and human and experimental evidence for adverse effects of brominated flame-retardants (BFRs) with specific focus on intake from seafood. The leakage of BFRs from consumer products leads to exposure of humans from fetal life to adulthood. Fish and fish products contain the highest levels of BFRs and dominate the dietary intake of frequent fish eaters in Europe, while meat, followed by seafood and dairy products accounted for the highest US dietary intake. House dust is also reported as an important source of exposure for children as well as adults. The levels of BFRs in the general North American populations are higher than those in Europe and Japan and the highest levels are detected in infants and toddlers. The daily intake via breast milk exceeds the RfD in 10% of US infants. BFRs including PBDEs, HBCDs and TBBP-A have induced endocrine-, reproductive- and behavior effects in laboratory animals. Furthermore, recent human epidemiological data demonstrated association between exposure to BFRs and similar adverse effects as observed in animal studies. Fish including farmed fish and crude fish oil for human consumption may contain substantial levels of BFRs and infants and toddlers consuming these products on a daily basis may exceed the tolerable daily intake suggesting that fish and fish oil alone represent a risk to human health. This intake comes in addition to exposure from other sources (breast milk, other food, house dust). Because potential harmful concentrations of BFRs and other toxicants occur in fish and fish products, research on a wider range of products is warranted, to assess health hazard related to the contamination of fish and fish products for human consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan L Lyche
- Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, P.O. Box 8146 Dep., N-0033 Oslo, Norway.
| | | | - Gunnar Berge
- Pronova BioPharma AS, P.O. Box 420, NO-1327 Lysaker, Norway
| | - Anuschka Polder
- Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, P.O. Box 8146 Dep., N-0033 Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are synthetic or natural substances in the environment. EDCs have been shown to disrupt reproductive, developmental and other homeostatic systems by interfering with the synthesis, secretion, transport, metabolism and action of endogenous hormones including the thyroid hormone (TH) system. Since TH plays a critical role in brain development, the exposure to TH-system disrupting EDCs during development may have serious consequences. In this article, representative previous studies showing the effect of representative EDCs on the TH system are summarized. Then, the molecular mechanisms of action of polychlorinated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers on the TH system are discussed further. Particularly, the effect of polychlorinated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers on TH-mediated brain development is discussed. Our recent studies may provide a novel idea regarding the effect of EDCs on the TH system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kingsley Ibhazehiebo
- a Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Noriyuki Koibuchi
- b Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Buonsante VA, Muilerman H, Santos T, Robinson C, Tweedale AC. Risk assessment's insensitive toxicity testing may cause it to fail. Environ Res 2014; 135:139-147. [PMID: 25262087 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Risk assessment of chemicals and other agents must be accurate to protect health. We analyse the determinants of a sensitive chronic toxicity study, risk assessment's most important test. Manufacturers originally generate data on the properties of a molecule, and if government approval is needed to market it, laws globally require toxicity data to be generated using Test Guidelines (TG), i.e. test methods of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), or their equivalent. TGs have advantages, but they test close-to-poisonous doses for chronic exposures and have other insensitivities, such as not testing disease latency. This and the fact that academic investigators will not be constrained by such artificial methods, created a de facto total ban of academia's diverse and sensitive toxicity tests from most risk assessment. OBJECTIVE To start and sustain a dialogue between regulatory agencies and academic scientists (secondarily, industry and NGOs) whose goals would be to (1) agree on the determinants of accurate toxicity tests and (2) implement them (via the OECD). DISCUSSION We analyse the quality of the data produced by these incompatible paradigms: regulatory and academic toxicology; analyse the criteria used to designate data quality in risk assessment; and discuss accurate chronic toxicity test methods. CONCLUSION There are abundant modern experimental methods (and rigorous epidemiology), and an existing systematic review system, to at long last allow academia's toxicity studies to be used in most risk assessments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hans Muilerman
- Pesticide Action Network Europe, 1 Rue de la Pépinière, 1000 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Tatiana Santos
- European Environmental Bureau, 34 Boulevard de Waterloo, 1000 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Claire Robinson
- Earth Open Source, 145-157 St. John Street, London EC1V 4PY, UK.
| | - Anthony C Tweedale
- R.I.S.K. Consultancy, c/o EEB, 34 Boulevard de Waterloo, 1000 Brussels, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Costa LG, de Laat R, Tagliaferri S, Pellacani C. A mechanistic view of polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) developmental neurotoxicity. Toxicol Lett 2014; 230:282-94. [PMID: 24270005 PMCID: PMC4028440 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), extensively used in the past few decades as flame retardants in a variety of consumer products, have become world-wide persistent environmental pollutants. Levels in North America are usually higher than those in Europe and Asia, and body burden is 3-to-9-fold higher in infants and toddlers than in adults. The latter has raised concern for potential developmental toxicity and neurotoxicity of PBDEs. Experimental studies in animals and epidemiological observations in humans suggest that PBDEs may be developmental neurotoxicants. Pre- and/or post-natal exposure to PBDEs may cause long-lasting behavioral abnormalities, particularly in the domains of motor activity and cognition. The mechanisms underlying the developmental neurotoxic effects of PBDEs are not known, though several hypotheses have been put forward. One general mode of action relates to the ability of PBDEs to impair thyroid hormone homeostasis, thus indirectly affecting the developing brain. An alternative or additional mode of action involves a direct effect of PBDEs on nervous system cells; PBDEs can cause oxidative stress-related damage (DNA damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis), and interfere with signal transduction (particularly calcium signaling), and with neurotransmitter systems. Important issues such as bioavailability and metabolism of PBDEs, extrapolation of results to low level of exposures, and the potential effects of interactions among PBDE congeners and between PBDEs and other contaminants also need to be taken into account.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucio G Costa
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
| | - Rian de Laat
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Eng ML, Elliott JE, Williams TD. An assessment of the developmental toxicity of BDE-99 in the European starling using an integrated laboratory and field approach. Ecotoxicology 2014; 23:1505-1516. [PMID: 25081382 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-014-1292-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Developmental exposure of wildlife to anthropogenic contaminants can have long-term effects that are difficult to assess in field monitoring studies, and may not be evident in laboratory studies that lack ecological components. The objective of this study was to assess the long-term effects of early exposure to contaminants under ecological conditions in a model passerine species, the European starling (Sturnus vulgaris). We selected 2,2',4,4',5-pentabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-99) as a representative contaminant, as it is one of the major constituents of the commercial penta-BDE flame retardant mixture, and has been reported in avian egg and tissue samples worldwide. We developed a novel approach to assess the developmental toxicity of BDE-99 in starlings by combining aspects of laboratory and field studies. We dosed free-living nestlings living in natural broods in the field with environmentally relevant concentrations of BDE-99 (0-173.8 ng/g bw/day) for the duration of the nesting cycle. To simulate monitoring of long-term effects we brought birds into captivity just prior to fledging and used photoperiod manipulations to induce reproductive development. We assessed a range of physiological and development measures such as hematocrit, oxidative stress, thyroid hormones, neuroanatomy, growth, molt rate, bill color, and testes development. We found some evidence of thyroid hormone disruption, but there were no effects on any other measures of physiology or development. The European starling could serve as a valuable model species for assessing early exposure and long-term effects of anthropogenic contaminants in terrestrial wildlife using this combined field/laboratory approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret L Eng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada,
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Zhao W, Cheng J, Gu J, Liu Y, Fujimura M, Wang W. Assessment of neurotoxic effects and brain region distribution in rat offspring prenatally co-exposed to low doses of BDE-99 and methylmercury. Chemosphere 2014; 112:170-6. [PMID: 25048903 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ether (PDBE) and methylmercury (MeHg) can occur simultaneously as both contaminants are found in the same food sources, especially fish, seafood, marine mammals and milk. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of exposure to low levels of MeHg (2.0 μg mL(-1) in drinking water) and BDE-99 (0.2 mg kg(-1) d(-1)) from gestational day 6 to postnatal day (PND) 21, alone and in combination, on neurobehavioral development and redox responses in offspring. The present study demonstrated an interaction due to co-exposure with low doses of MeHg and BDE-99 enhanced developmental neurotoxic effects. These effects were manifested as the delayed appearance of negative geotaxis reflexes, impaired motor coordination, and induction of oxidative stress in the cerebellum. In particular, the cerebellum may be a sensitive target for combined MeHg and BDE-99 toxicity. The neurotoxicity of low dose MeHg was exacerbated by the presence of low dose of BDE-99. It is concluded that prenatal co-exposure to MeHg and BDE-99 causes oxidative stress in the cerebellum of offspring by altering the activity of different antioxidant enzymes and producing free radicals. Hg retention was not affected by co-exposure to BDE-99. However, MeHg co-exposure seemed to increase BDE-99 concentrations in selected brain regions in pups compared to pups exposed to BDE-99 only. These results showed that the adverse effects following prenatal co-exposure to MeHg and BDE-99 were associated with tissue concentrations very close to the current human body burden of this persistent bioaccumulative compound.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenchang Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Jinping Cheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Jinmin Gu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Masatake Fujimura
- Department of Basic Medical Science, National Institute for Minamata Disease, Minamata, Kumamoto 867-0008, Japan
| | - Wenhua Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Croes K, Den Hond E, Bruckers L, Loots I, Morrens B, Nelen V, Colles A, Schoeters G, Sioen I, Covaci A, Vandermarken T, Van Larebeke N, Baeyens W. Monitoring chlorinated persistent organic pollutants in adolescents in Flanders (Belgium): concentrations, trends and dose-effect relationships (FLEHS II). Environ Int 2014; 71:20-28. [PMID: 24950161 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2007, the second cycle of the Flemish human biomonitoring survey started, with a main focus on 14-15 year-old adolescents. OBJECTIVES The main objectives were generating reference values for exposure markers, determining the pollution pressure in industrial hotspots and establishing dose-effect relationships between exposure to pollutants and hormone levels, sexual development, asthma and allergy, genotoxic and hematological markers. METHODS Geometric means with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for a reference population of 200 14-15 year-old adolescents. Stepwise multiple regression analyses with correction for confounders and covariates were performed to establish dose-effect relationships. RESULTS Geometric mean concentrations (with 95% CI) of 49.6 (45.7, 53.8), 70.8 (63.6, 78.8) and 8.34 (7.76, 8.97) n gg(-1) lipid for the sum of PCB 138, 153 and 180, p,p'-DDE and HCB were respectively 23%, 26% and 60% lower than those obtained five years earlier. Geometric mean concentrations of 108 (101, 114) and 32.1 (30.1, 34.2) pgCALUX-BEQg(-1) lipid were observed for the PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs, respectively. Multiple dose-effect relationships were observed between POPs and several effect markers, including positive (boys) and negative (girls) associations with data on sexual development and positive associations with asthma, animal allergy and free thyroxine (boys and girls). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that chlorinated POP concentrations are decreasing over time and that even relatively low concentrations are associated with biological effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kim Croes
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry (AMGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
| | | | - Liesbeth Bruckers
- Interuniversity Institute for Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Ilse Loots
- Political and Social Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Bert Morrens
- Political and Social Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Vera Nelen
- Provincial Institute for Hygiene, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ann Colles
- Environmental Health and Risk, VITO, Mol, Belgium
| | | | - Isabelle Sioen
- Department of Public Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tara Vandermarken
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry (AMGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Van Larebeke
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry (AMGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Willy Baeyens
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry (AMGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
|
50
|
Reverte I, Pujol A, Domingo JL, Colomina MT. Thyroid hormones and fear learning but not anxiety are affected in adult apoE transgenic mice exposed postnatally to decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209). Physiol Behav 2014; 133:81-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|