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Serino-Silva C, Bittencourt Rodrigues CF, Miyamoto JG, Hatakeyama DM, Kavazoi VK, Da Rocha MMT, Tanaka AS, Tashima AK, de Morais-Zani K, Grego KF, Tanaka-Azevedo AM. Proteomics and life-history variability of Endogenous Phospholipases A2 Inhibitors (PLIs) in Bothrops jararaca plasma. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0295806. [PMID: 38319909 PMCID: PMC10846723 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
In Brazil, the genus Bothrops is responsible for most ophidian accidents. Snake venoms have a wide variety of proteins and peptides exhibiting a broad repertoire of pharmacological and toxic effects that elicit systemic injury and characteristic local effects. The snakes' natural resistance to envenomation caused by the presence of inhibitory compounds on their plasma have been extensively studied. However, the presence of these inhibitors in different developmental stages is yet to be further discussed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ontogeny of Bothrops jararaca plasma inhibitor composition and, to this end, plasma samples of B. jararaca were obtained from different developmental stages (neonates, youngs, and adults) and sexes (female and male). SDS-PAGE, Western blotting, affinity chromatography, and mass spectrometry were performed to analyze the protein profile and interaction between B. jararaca plasma and venom proteins. In addition, the presence of γBjPLI, a PLA2 inhibitor previously identified and characterized in B. jararaca serum, was confirmed by Western blotting. According to our results, 9-17% of plasma proteins were capable of binding to venom proteins in the three developmental stages. The presence of different endogenous inhibitors and, more specifically, different PLA2 inhibitor (PLI) classes and antihemorrhagic factors were confirmed in specimens of B. jararaca from newborn by mass spectrometry. For the first time, the αPLI and βPLI were detected in B. jararaca plasma, although low or no ontogenetic and sexual correlation were found. The γPLI were more abundant in adult female, than in neonate and young female, but similar to neonate, young and adult male according to the results of mass spectrometry analysis. Our results suggest that there are proteins in the plasma of these animals that can help counteract the effects of self-envenomation from birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Serino-Silva
- Laboratório de Herpetologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Interunidades em Biotecnologia (PPIB—IPT, IBU and USP), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Caroline Fabri Bittencourt Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Herpetologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Interunidades em Biotecnologia (PPIB—IPT, IBU and USP), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Daniela Miki Hatakeyama
- Laboratório de Herpetologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Interunidades em Biotecnologia (PPIB—IPT, IBU and USP), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Victor Koiti Kavazoi
- Laboratório de Herpetologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Interunidades em Biotecnologia (PPIB—IPT, IBU and USP), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Aparecida Sadae Tanaka
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Keiji Tashima
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Fu K, Cao L, Tang Y, Zhao J, Xiong K, Hong C, Huang C. The anti-myotoxic effects and mechanisms of Sinonatrix annularis serum and a novel plasma metalloproteinase inhibitor towards Deinagkistrodon acutus envenomation. Toxicol Lett 2023; 388:13-23. [PMID: 37805084 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Non-venomous snakes commonly evolve natural resistance to venom to escape predators. Sinonatrix annularis serum has been shown to inhibit Deinagkistrodon acutus venom-induced hemorrhage and upregulation of serum CK, CK-MB, LDH, AST and ALT levels. Using TMT-labeled proteomics analysis, 168 proteins were found to be altered significantly in the envenomed gastrocnemius muscle and categorized into pathways such as complement and coagulation cascades, leukocyte transendothelial migration, and JAK/STAT signaling. These alterations were mitigated by S. annularis serum. Subsequently, a novel metalloproteinase inhibitor, SaMPI, was isolated from S. annularis serum by two-step chromatography. It showed strong antidotal effects against D. acutus envenomation, including inhibition of subcutaneous bleeding caused by crude venom and DaMP (a metalloproteinase derived from D. acutus) activity in a 1:1 ratio. Histology and immunoblotting analyses demonstrated that SaMPI mitigated myonecrosis, reduced neutrophil infiltration and local inflammatory factor release, and retarded JAK/STAT and MAPK signaling activation. Analysis of the SaMPI gene cloned by 5'-RACE revealed a shared sequence identity of 58-79% with other SVMP inhibitors. These findings demonstrate the protective effects of SaMPI and indicate its potential value as a candidate for viper bite adjuvant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kepu Fu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Liyun Cao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang 330038, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yitao Tang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jianqi Zhao
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Kejia Xiong
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Congjiang Hong
- Department of Breast Surgery, Ganxi Cancer Hospital, Pingxiang 337099, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chunhong Huang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China.
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Palacio TZ, Santos-Filho NA, Rosa JC, Ferreira RS Junior, Barraviera B, Sampaio SV. Isolation and characterization of a novel metalloprotease inhibitor from Bothrops alternatus snake serum. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 98:436-46. [PMID: 28163123 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.01.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Resistance of snakes and some other animals to snake envenomation has been attributed to soluble factors present in their tissues. Here we report the isolation of a novel metalloprotease inhibitor from Bothrops alternatus snake serum (named BaltMPI) with high purity, using a four-step chromatographic method. BaltMPI has molecular weights of 60.5 and 42.4kDa, as determined by SDS-PAGE and mass spectrometry, respectively, and pI=5.27. The first 60 amino acids from the N-terminal region of BaltMPI, determined by Edman's degradation, showed high homology (97%) with the snake venom metalloprotease inhibitor (SVMPI) BJ46a and other SVMPIs (78-82%). The chromatographic fractions and purified BaltMPI exhibited anti-hemorrhagic activity against Batroxase and BjussuMP-I. BaltMPI was stable over wide ranges of pH (1, 5, 8, and 9) and temperature (-80, -20, 4, 60, and 100°C), and suppressed the fibrinogenolytic, fibrinolytic, and azocaseinolytic activities of Batroxase. BaltMPI specifically inhibited the activity of metalloproteases, without affecting the activity of serine proteases. Together, our results suggest that BaltMPI and other SVMPIs are promising molecules for the treatment of snake envenomation, in particular that caused by Bothrops sp.
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Bastos VA, Gomes-Neto F, Perales J, Neves-Ferreira AGC, Valente RH. Natural Inhibitors of Snake Venom Metalloendopeptidases: History and Current Challenges. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 8:toxins8090250. [PMID: 27571103 PMCID: PMC5037476 DOI: 10.3390/toxins8090250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The research on natural snake venom metalloendopeptidase inhibitors (SVMPIs) began in the 18th century with the pioneering work of Fontana on the resistance that vipers exhibited to their own venom. During the past 40 years, SVMPIs have been isolated mainly from the sera of resistant animals, and characterized to different extents. They are acidic oligomeric glycoproteins that remain biologically active over a wide range of pH and temperature values. Based on primary structure determination, mammalian plasmatic SVMPIs are classified as members of the immunoglobulin (Ig) supergene protein family, while the one isolated from muscle belongs to the ficolin/opsonin P35 family. On the other hand, SVMPIs from snake plasma have been placed in the cystatin superfamily. These natural antitoxins constitute the first line of defense against snake venoms, inhibiting the catalytic activities of snake venom metalloendopeptidases through the establishment of high-affinity, non-covalent interactions. This review presents a historical account of the field of natural resistance, summarizing its main discoveries and current challenges, which are mostly related to the limitations that preclude three-dimensional structural determinations of these inhibitors using “gold-standard” methods; perspectives on how to circumvent such limitations are presented. Potential applications of these SVMPIs in medicine are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane A Bastos
- Laboratory of Toxinology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil.
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Toxins (INCTTOX), CNPq, Brasilia 71605-001, Brazil.
| | - Francisco Gomes-Neto
- Laboratory of Toxinology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil.
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Toxins (INCTTOX), CNPq, Brasilia 71605-001, Brazil.
| | - Jonas Perales
- Laboratory of Toxinology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil.
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Toxins (INCTTOX), CNPq, Brasilia 71605-001, Brazil.
| | - Ana Gisele C Neves-Ferreira
- Laboratory of Toxinology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil.
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Toxins (INCTTOX), CNPq, Brasilia 71605-001, Brazil.
| | - Richard H Valente
- Laboratory of Toxinology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil.
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Toxins (INCTTOX), CNPq, Brasilia 71605-001, Brazil.
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Shioi N, Nishijima A, Terada S. Flavorase, a novel non-haemorrhagic metalloproteinase in Protobothrops flavoviridis venom, is a target molecule of small serum protein-3. J Biochem 2015; 158:37-48. [PMID: 25681613 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvv017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Some venomous snakes possess anti-toxic proteins in their sera that may play a role in neutralizing the haemorrhagic factors or toxins in their own venom. Five small serum proteins (SSP-1-SSP-5) were isolated from the serum of Japanese viper (Protobothrops flavoviridis), and were found to act as self-defence proteins against the viper's own toxic components. However, the physiological function of SSP-3 has not been completely elucidated. Affinity chromatography of the venom on an SSP-3-immobilized column identified a novel 55-kDa protein as the target molecule of SSP-3. Sequences of internal fragments of this SSP-3-binding protein showed high homology to those of metalloproteinases from the P. flavoviridis venom. The cDNA sequence revealed that this protein, termed flavorase, is a P-III class metalloproteinase consisting of 423 amino acid residues. The purified protein did not show haemorrhagic and cytotoxic activity. Biacore measurements revealed that SSP-3 was bound to flavorase with a dissociation constant of 6.4 × 10(-9) M. SSP-3 non-competitively inhibited the peptidase activity of flavorase with an inhibition constant of 6.6 × 10(-9) M.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narumi Shioi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Ayumi Nishijima
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Terada
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
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Shioi N, Deshimaru M, Terada S. Structural analysis and characterization of new small serum proteins from the serum of a venomous snake (Gloydius blomhoffii). Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 78:410-9. [PMID: 25036827 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2014.890030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Some snakes have several anti-toxic proteins in their sera that neutralize their own venom. Five new small serum proteins (SSPs) were isolated from Japanese mamushi (Gloydius blomhoffii) serum by gel-filtration and RP-HPLC, and their N-Terminal sequences were determined. The amino acid sequences of the precursor proteins were deduced from the nucleotide sequences of cDNAs encoding them. Due to the sequence similarity to those of SSPs in habu snake (Protobothrops flavoviridis) serum (>75% identity), these proteins were designated mSSP-1 to mSSP-5 as the homologs of habu proteins. mSSP-1 was stable at 100 °C and in the pH range of 1-10, and inhibited the proteolytic activity of a certain snake venom metalloproteinase. The inhibitory activity was extinguished by modifying the amino groups of mSSP-1. mSSP-1 is the first prostate secretory protein of the 94 amino acid-family protein with a carbohydrate chain in the Asn37 residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narumi Shioi
- a Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry , Fukuoka University , Jonan-ku, Fukuoka , Japan
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Tanaka Y, Oyama S, Hori S, Ushio K, Shioi N, Terada S, Deshimaru M. Accelerated Evolution of Fetuin Family Proteins in Protobothrops flavoviridis (Habu Snake) Serum and the Discovery of an L1-Like Genomic Element in the Intronic Sequence of a Fetuin-Encoding Gene. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 77:582-90. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.120829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Shioi N, Ogawa E, Mizukami Y, Abe S, Hayashi R, Terada S. Small serum protein-1 changes the susceptibility of an apoptosis-inducing metalloproteinase HV1 to a metalloproteinase inhibitor in habu snake (Trimeresurus flavoviridis). J Biochem 2012; 153:121-9. [PMID: 23100271 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvs127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Viperidae snakes containing various venomous proteins also have several anti-toxic proteins in their sera. However, the physiological function of serum protein has been elucidated incompletely. Small serum protein (SSP)-1 is a major component of the SSPs isolated from the serum of a Japanese viper, the habu snake (Trimeresurus flavoviridis). It exists in the blood as a binary complex with habu serum factor (HSF), a snake venom metalloproteinase inhibitor. Affinity chromatography of the venom on an SSP-1-immobilized column identified HV1, an apoptosis-inducing metalloproteinase, as the target protein of SSP-1. Biacore measurements revealed that SSP-1 was bound to HV1 with a dissociation constant of 8.2 × 10⁻⁸ M. However, SSP-1 did not inhibit the peptidase activity of HV1. Although HSF alone showed no inhibitory activity or binding affinity to HV1, the SSP-1-HSF binary complex bound to HV1 formed a ternary complex that non-competitively inhibited the peptidase activity of HV1 with a inhibition constant of 5.1 ± 1.3 × 10⁻⁹ M. The SSP-1-HSF complex also effectively suppressed the apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells and caspase 3 activation induced by HV1. Thus, SSP-1 is a unique protein that non-covalently attaches to HV1 and changes its susceptibility to HSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narumi Shioi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.
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Aoki N, Deshimaru M, Kihara K, Terada S. Snake fetuin: Isolation and structural analysis of new fetuin family proteins from the sera of venomous snakes. Toxicon 2009; 54:481-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2009.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2008] [Revised: 05/15/2009] [Accepted: 05/19/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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