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Dorshkind K, Höfer T, Montecino-Rodriguez E, Pioli PD, Rodewald HR. Do haematopoietic stem cells age? Nat Rev Immunol 2020; 20:196-202. [PMID: 31740804 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-019-0236-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Genetic defects that accumulate in haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are thought to be responsible for age-related changes in haematopoiesis that include a decline in lymphopoiesis and skewing towards the myeloid lineage. This HSC-centric view is based largely on studies showing that HSCs from aged mice exhibit these lineage biases following transplantation into irradiated young recipient mice. In this Opinion article, we make the case that the reliance on this approach has led to inaccurate conclusions regarding the effects of ageing on blood-forming stem cells; we suggest instead that changes in the environment contribute to haematopoietic system ageing. We propose that a complete understanding of how ageing affects haematopoiesis depends on the analysis of blood cell production in unperturbed mice. We describe how this can be achieved using in situ fate mapping. This approach indicates that changes in downstream progenitors, in addition to any HSC defects, may explain the reduced lymphopoiesis and sustained myelopoiesis that occur during ageing.
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Jäger MD, Vondran FWR, Ramackers W, Röseler T, Schlitt HJ, Bektas H, Klempnauer J, Timrott K. A Depleting Anti-CD45 Monoclonal Antibody as Isolated Conditioning for Bone Marrow Transplantation in the Rat. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154682. [PMID: 27139494 PMCID: PMC4854389 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective A monoclonal antibody (mAb) against the leukocyte common antigen CD45 (RT7 in rats) could facilitate bone marrow transplantation (BMT). This study in rats evaluates a depletive rat anti-RT7a mAb as isolated tool for BMT conditioning without using irradiation or any chemotherapeutic / immunosuppressive agent. Methods The model used a CD45 di-allelic polymorphism (RT7a/RT7b). The anti-RT7a mAb was intravenously administered to LEW.1W rats (RT1uRT7a) at 5, 10 and 15 mg/kg. 1x108 BM cells of MHC syngeneic (RT1u), MHC disparate (RT1l) or MHC haploidentical (RT1u/l) donors were transplanted. All BM donor strains carried the RT7b allele so that their CD45+ cells were not affected by the anti-RT7a mAb. Recipients were monitored for reconstitution and donor-chimerism in blood leukocytes. Results mAb dosages of 5 or 10 mg/kg were myelosuppressive, whereas 15 mg/kg was myeloablative. Multi-lineage donor-chimerism at day 100 indicated engraftment of MHC syngeneic BM after any used mAb dosage (5 mg/kg: 46+/-7%; 10 mg/kg: 62+/-5%; 15 mg/kg: 80+/-4%). MHC disparate BM resulted in autologous reconstitution after conditioning by 10 mg/kg of the mAb and caused transient chimerism ending up in death associated with aplasia after conditioning by 15 mg/kg of the mAb. MHC haploidentical BM (F1 to parental) engrafted only after conditioning by 15 mg/kg (chimerism at day 100: 78+/-7%). Abandonment of α/β TCR+ cell depletion from BM grafts impaired the engraftment process after conditioning using 15 mg/kg of the mAb in the MHC syngeneic setting (2 of 6 recipients failed to engraft) and the MHC haploidentical setting (3 of 6 recipients failed). Conclusion This depletive anti-RT7a mAb is myelosuppressive and conditions for engraftment of MHC syngeneic BM. The mAb also facilitates engraftment of MHC haploidentical BM, if a myeloablative dose is used. RT7b expressing, BM-seeded α/β TCR+ cells seem to impair the engraftment process after myeloablative mAb conditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D. Jäger
- Klinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Transplantationschirurgie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Florian W. R. Vondran
- Klinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Transplantationschirurgie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Wolf Ramackers
- Klinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Transplantationschirurgie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tilmann Röseler
- Klinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Transplantationschirurgie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hans J. Schlitt
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Chirurgie, Klinikum der Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hüseyin Bektas
- Klinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Transplantationschirurgie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jürgen Klempnauer
- Klinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Transplantationschirurgie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kai Timrott
- Klinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Transplantationschirurgie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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Langford-Smith KJ, Sandiford Z, Langford-Smith A, Wilkinson FL, Jones SA, Wraith JE, Wynn RF, Bigger BW. Signal one and two blockade are both critical for non-myeloablative murine HSCT across a major histocompatibility complex barrier. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77632. [PMID: 24147041 PMCID: PMC3798400 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-myeloablative allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is rarely achievable clinically, except where donor cells have selective advantages. Murine non-myeloablative conditioning regimens have limited clinical success, partly through use of clinically unachievable cell doses or strain combinations permitting allograft acceptance using immunosuppression alone. We found that reducing busulfan conditioning in murine syngeneic HSCT, increases bone marrow (BM):blood SDF-1 ratio and total donor cells homing to BM, but reduces the proportion of donor cells engrafting. Despite this, syngeneic engraftment is achievable with non-myeloablative busulfan (25 mg/kg) and higher cell doses induce increased chimerism. Therefore we investigated regimens promoting initial donor cell engraftment in the major histocompatibility complex barrier mismatched CBA to C57BL/6 allo-transplant model. This requires full myeloablation and immunosuppression with non-depleting anti-CD4/CD8 blocking antibodies to achieve engraftment of low cell doses, and rejects with reduced intensity conditioning (≤75 mg/kg busulfan). We compared increased antibody treatment, G-CSF, niche disruption and high cell dose, using reduced intensity busulfan and CD4/8 blockade in this model. Most treatments increased initial donor engraftment, but only addition of co-stimulatory blockade permitted long-term engraftment with reduced intensity or non-myeloablative conditioning, suggesting that signal 1 and 2 T-cell blockade is more important than early BM niche engraftment for transplant success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kia J. Langford-Smith
- Stem Cell & Neurotherapies, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Zara Sandiford
- Stem Cell & Neurotherapies, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Alex Langford-Smith
- Stem Cell & Neurotherapies, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona L. Wilkinson
- Stem Cell & Neurotherapies, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Simon A. Jones
- Genetic Medicine, St Mary’s Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - J. Ed Wraith
- Genetic Medicine, St Mary’s Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Robert F. Wynn
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Unit, Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Brian W. Bigger
- Stem Cell & Neurotherapies, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Anam K, Amare MF, Zins SR, Davis TA. Infusion of Lin- bone marrow cells results in multilineage macrochimerism and skin allograft tolerance in minimally conditioned recipient mice. Transpl Immunol 2010; 24:69-75. [PMID: 20950686 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2010.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Accepted: 10/06/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Donor-specific immunological tolerance using high doses of donor bone marrow cells (BMC) has been demonstrated in mixed chimerism-based tolerance induction protocols; however, the development of graft versus host disease (GVHD) remains a risk. In the present study, we demonstrate that the infusion of low numbers of donor Lin(-) bone marrow cells (Lin(-) BMC) 7 days post allograft transplantation facilitates high level macrochimerism induction and graft tolerance. Full-thickness BALB/c skin allografts were transplanted onto C57BL/6 mice. Mice were treated with anti-CD4 and anti-CD8 mAbs on day 0, +2, +5, +7 and +14 along with low dose busulfan on day +5. A low dose of highly purified Lin(-) BMC from BALB/c donor mice was infused on day +7. Chimerism and clonal cell deletion were evaluated using flow cytometry. Donor-specific tolerance was tested by donor and third-party skin grafting and mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR). Lin(-) BMC infusion with minimal immunosuppression led to stable, mixed, multilineage macrochimerism and long-term allograft survival (>300 days). Mixed donor-recipient macrochimerism was observed. Donor-reactive T cells were clonally deleted and a 130% increase in CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) was observed in the spleen. Tolerant mice subsequently accepted second donor, but not third-party (C3H), skin grafts and recipient splenocytes failed to react with allogeneic donor cells indicating donor-specific immunological tolerance was achieved. We conclude that the infusion of donor Lin(-) BMC without cytoreductive recipient conditioning can induce indefinite survival of skin allografts via mechanisms involving the establishment of a multilineage macrochimeric state principally through clonal deletion of alloreactive T cells and peripherally induced CD4(+)Foxp3(+) Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khairul Anam
- Regenerative Medicine Department, Operational and Undersea Medicine Directorate at the Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD 20910-7500, USA
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Anam K, Amare M, Naik S, Szabo KA, Davis TA. Severe tissue trauma triggers the autoimmune state systemic lupus erythematosus in the MRL/++ lupus-prone mouse. Lupus 2009; 18:318-31. [DOI: 10.1177/0961203308097479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Tissue damage associated with a severe injury can result in profound inflammatory responses that may trigger autoimmune development in lupus-prone individuals. In this study, we investigated the role of a large full-thickness cutaneous burn injury on the early onset of autoimmune disease in lupus-prone MRL/++ mice. MRL/++ mice (chronic model) exhibit autoimmune symptoms at >70 weeks of age, whereas MRL/-Faslpr mice (acute model) develop autoimmune disease in 17–22 weeks due to a lymphoproliferative mutation. Autoimmune disease developed in MRL/++ mice (4–15 weeks post injury) is manifested by skin lesions, vasculitis, epidermal ulcers, cellular infiltration, splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, hypergammaglobulinemia, elevated autoantibodies and renal pathologies including proteinuria, glomerulonephritis and immune complex deposition; complications that contribute to reduced survival. Transcription studies of wound margin tissue show a correlation between the pathogenic effects of dysregulated IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and PGE2 synthesis during early wound healing and early onset of autoimmune disease. Interestingly, MRL/++ mice with healed wounds (30–40 days post burn) strongly rejected skin isografts. Conversely, skin isografts transplanted onto naive age-matched MRL/++ littermates achieved long-term survival. Collectively, these findings suggest that traumatic injury exacerbates inflammatory skin disease and severe multi-organ pathogenesis in lupus-prone mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Anam
- Regenerative Medicine Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - M Amare
- Regenerative Medicine Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - S Naik
- Regenerative Medicine Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - KA Szabo
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - TA Davis
- Regenerative Medicine Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
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Hsieh MM, Langemeijer S, Wynter A, Phang OA, Kang EM, Tisdale JF. Low-dose parenteral busulfan provides an extended window for the infusion of hematopoietic stem cells in murine hosts. Exp Hematol 2007; 35:1415-20. [PMID: 17618036 PMCID: PMC2676902 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2007.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2007] [Revised: 05/10/2007] [Accepted: 05/14/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Myeloablative total body irradiation (TBI) in the setting of autologous transplantation of genetically modified hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) is associated with substantial toxicity. Nonmyeloablative doses of TBI are less toxic, but result in low-level engraftment of genetically modified HSCs. As an alternative to TBI, escalating doses of parenteral busulfan were tested for their hematologic toxicity, their ability to promote donor leukocyte engraftment, and the time window for such engraftment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hematologic toxicity of busulfan was assessed in C57BL6 mice after single nonmyeloablative doses of intraperitoneal busulfan ranging from 1 to 40 mg/kg by serial complete blood counts monitored up to 40 days. The level of donor engraftment attainable after nonmyeloablative busulfan was determined by infusion of 20 million congenic murine bone marrow nucleated cells (BMNC) following 5 to 40 mg/kg of busulfan. To determine the effects of delayed HSC infusions, BMNCs were infused 1, 10, 15, and 20 days after a single dose of 10 mg/kg of busulfan. RESULTS Busulfan doses from 1 to 40 mg/kg produced hematologic toxicity that was most pronounced in the 2nd to 3rd week. In transplantation experiments, dose-dependent donor leukocyte engraftment was attained with levels >70% after only 20 mg/kg of busulfan. Similar levels of engraftment were achieved even when infusion of BMNCs was delayed up to 20 days after busulfan injection. CONCLUSION Nonmyeloablative parenteral busulfan produced transient myelosuppressive effects, clinically relevant levels of engraftment, and an extended time window for HSC infusion in murine hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M. Hsieh
- Molecular and Clinical Hematology Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md., USA
| | - Saskia Langemeijer
- Molecular and Clinical Hematology Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md., USA
| | - Aisha Wynter
- Molecular and Clinical Hematology Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md., USA
| | - Oswald A. Phang
- Molecular and Clinical Hematology Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md., USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Kang
- Molecular and Clinical Hematology Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md., USA
- Laboratory of Host Defense, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Bethesda, Md., USA
| | - John F. Tisdale
- Molecular and Clinical Hematology Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md., USA
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