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Woodrow JS, Sheats MK, Cooper B, Bayless R. Asthma: The Use of Animal Models and Their Translational Utility. Cells 2023; 12:cells12071091. [PMID: 37048164 PMCID: PMC10093022 DOI: 10.3390/cells12071091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is characterized by chronic lower airway inflammation that results in airway remodeling, which can lead to a permanent decrease in lung function. The pathophysiology driving the development of asthma is complex and heterogenous. Animal models have been and continue to be essential for the discovery of molecular pathways driving the pathophysiology of asthma and novel therapeutic approaches. Animal models of asthma may be induced or naturally occurring. Species used to study asthma include mouse, rat, guinea pig, cat, dog, sheep, horse, and nonhuman primate. Some of the aspects to consider when evaluating any of these asthma models are cost, labor, reagent availability, regulatory burden, relevance to natural disease in humans, type of lower airway inflammation, biological samples available for testing, and ultimately whether the model can answer the research question(s). This review aims to discuss the animal models most available for asthma investigation, with an emphasis on describing the inciting antigen/allergen, inflammatory response induced, and its translation to human asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Seymour Woodrow
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA 19348, USA
| | - M Katie Sheats
- Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Bethanie Cooper
- Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Rosemary Bayless
- Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
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Divaret-Chauveau A, Foucaud L, Demoulin B, Teston C, Loison P, Le Cann P, Schweitzer C, De Carvalho Bittencourt M, Mauny F, Demoulin-Alexikova S. Early exposure to farm dust in an allergic airway inflammation rabbit model: Does it affect bronchial and cough hyperresponsiveness? PLoS One 2023; 18:e0279498. [PMID: 36706084 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Over the past 50 years, the prevalence of allergic respiratory diseases has been increasing. The Hygiene hypothesis explains this progression by the decrease in the bio-diversity of early microbial exposure. This study aims to evaluate the effect of early-life farm exposure on airway hyperresponsiveness and cough hypersensitivity in an allergic airway inflammation rabbit model. METHOD A specific environment was applied to pregnant rabbits and their offspring until six weeks after birth. Rabbits were housed in a pathogen-free zone for the control group and a calf barn for the farm group. At the end of the specific environmental exposure, both groups were then housed in a conventional zone and then sensitized to ovalbumin. Ten days after sensitization, the rabbit pups received ovalbumin aerosols to provoke airway inflammation. Sensitization to ovalbumin was assessed by specific IgE assay. Cough sensitivity was assessed by mechanical stimulation of the trachea, and bronchial reactivity was assessed by methacholine challenge. The farm environment was characterized by endotoxin measurement. RESULTS A total of 38 rabbit pups were included (18 in the farm group). Endotoxin levels in the farm environment varied from 30 to 1854 EU.m-3. There was no significant difference in specific IgE values to ovalbumin (p = 0.826) between the two groups. The mechanical threshold to elicit a cough did not differ between the two groups (p = 0.492). There was no difference in the number of cough (p = 0.270) or the intensity of ventilatory responses (p = 0.735). After adjusting for age and weight, there was no difference in respiratory resistance before and after methacholine challenge. CONCLUSION Early exposure to the calf barn did not affect cough sensitivity or bronchial reactivity in ovalbumin-sensitized rabbits. These results suggest that not all farm environments protect against asthma and atopy. Continuous exposure to several sources of microbial diversity is probably needed.
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Reczyńska K, Tharkar P, Kim SY, Wang Y, Pamuła E, Chan HK, Chrzanowski W. Animal models of smoke inhalation injury and related acute and chronic lung diseases. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 123:107-134. [PMID: 29108862 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Smoke inhalation injury leads to various acute and chronic lung diseases and thus is the dominant cause of fire-related fatalities. In a search for an effective treatment and validation of therapies different classes of animal models have been developed, which include both small and large animals. These models have advanced our understanding of the mechanism of smoke inhalation injury, enabling a better understanding of pathogenesis and pathophysiology and development of new therapies. However, none of the animal models fully mirrors human lungs and their pathologies. All animal models have their limitations in replicating complex clinical conditions associated with smoke inhalation injury in humans. Therefore, for a correct interpretation of the results and to avoid bias, a precise understanding of similarities and differences of lungs between different animal species and humans is critical. We have reviewed and presented comprehensive comparison of different animal models and their clinical relevance. We presented an overview of methods utilized to induce smoke inhalation injuries, airway micro-/macrostructure, advantages and disadvantages of the most commonly used small and large animal models.
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Desoubeaux G, Reichert JM, Sleeman M, Reckamp KL, Ryffel B, Adamczewski JP, Sweeney TD, Vanbever R, Diot P, Owen CA, Page C, Lerondel S, Le Pape A, Heuze-Vourc'h N. Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies for respiratory diseases: Current challenges and perspectives, March 31 - April 1, 2016, Tours, France. MAbs 2016; 8:999-1009. [PMID: 27266390 PMCID: PMC4968091 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2016.1196521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapeutics have tremendous potential to benefit patients with lung diseases, for which there remains substantial unmet medical need. To capture the current state of mAb research and development in the area of respiratory diseases, the Research Center of Respiratory Diseases (CEPR-INSERM U1100), the Laboratory of Excellence “MAbImprove,” the GDR 3260 “Antibodies and therapeutic targeting,” and the Grant Research program ARD2020 “Biotherapeutics” invited speakers from industry, academic and government organizations to present their recent research results at the Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies for Respiratory Diseases: Current challenges and perspectives congress held March 31 – April 1, 2016 in Tours, France.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Desoubeaux
- a Université François-Rabelais , Tours , France.,b INSERM, Center d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires , Tours , France.,c Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Tours , Tours , France
| | - Janice M Reichert
- d The Antibody Society , Framingham , MA , USA.,e Reichert Biotechnology Consulting LLC , Framingham MA , USA
| | | | - Karen L Reckamp
- g City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center , Duarte , CA , USA
| | - Bernhard Ryffel
- h Université d'Orléans , Orléans , France.,i University of Cape Town, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM) , Cape Town , South Africa
| | | | | | - Rita Vanbever
- l Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Patrice Diot
- a Université François-Rabelais , Tours , France.,b INSERM, Center d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires , Tours , France.,c Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Tours , Tours , France
| | - Caroline A Owen
- m Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston , MA , USA.,n Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute , Albuquerque , NM , USA
| | - Clive Page
- o King's College, Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology , London , UK
| | | | - Alain Le Pape
- a Université François-Rabelais , Tours , France.,b INSERM, Center d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires , Tours , France.,p PHENOMIN-TAAM CNRS, CIPA , Orléans , France
| | - Nathalie Heuze-Vourc'h
- a Université François-Rabelais , Tours , France.,b INSERM, Center d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires , Tours , France
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Clay E, Patacchini R, Trevisani M, Preti D, Branà MP, Spina D, Page C. Ozone-Induced Hypertussive Responses in Rabbits and Guinea Pigs. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2016; 357:73-83. [PMID: 26837703 PMCID: PMC4977573 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.115.230227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cough remains a major unmet clinical need, and preclinical animal models are not predictive for new antitussive agents. We have investigated the mechanisms and pharmacological sensitivity of ozone-induced hypertussive responses in rabbits and guinea pigs. Ozone induced a significant increase in cough frequency and a decrease in time to first cough to inhaled citric acid in both conscious guinea pigs and rabbits. This response was inhibited by the established antitussive drugs codeine and levodropropizine. In contrast to the guinea pig, hypertussive responses in the rabbit were not inhibited by bronchodilator drugs (β2 agonists or muscarinic receptor antagonists), suggesting that the observed hypertussive state was not secondary to bronchoconstriction in this species. The ozone-induced hypertussive response in the rabbit was inhibited by chronic pretreatment with capsaicin, suggestive of a sensitization of airway sensory nerve fibers. However, we could find no evidence for a role of TRPA1 in this response, suggesting that ozone was not sensitizing airway sensory nerves via activation of this receptor. Whereas the ozone-induced hypertussive response was accompanied by a significant influx of neutrophils into the airway, the hypertussive response was not inhibited by the anti-inflammatory phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor roflumilast at a dose that clearly exhibited anti-inflammatory activity. In summary, our results suggest that ozone-induced hypertussive responses to citric acid may provide a useful model for the investigation of novel drugs for the treatment of cough, but some important differences were noted between the two species with respect to sensitivity to bronchodilator drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emlyn Clay
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (E.C., D.S., C.P.); Department of Corporate Drug Development (R.P.), and Department of Pharmacology (M.T.), Chiesi Farmaceutici SpA, Parma, Italy; Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy (D.P.); and Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (M.P.B.)
| | - Riccardo Patacchini
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (E.C., D.S., C.P.); Department of Corporate Drug Development (R.P.), and Department of Pharmacology (M.T.), Chiesi Farmaceutici SpA, Parma, Italy; Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy (D.P.); and Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (M.P.B.)
| | - Marcello Trevisani
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (E.C., D.S., C.P.); Department of Corporate Drug Development (R.P.), and Department of Pharmacology (M.T.), Chiesi Farmaceutici SpA, Parma, Italy; Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy (D.P.); and Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (M.P.B.)
| | - Delia Preti
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (E.C., D.S., C.P.); Department of Corporate Drug Development (R.P.), and Department of Pharmacology (M.T.), Chiesi Farmaceutici SpA, Parma, Italy; Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy (D.P.); and Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (M.P.B.)
| | - Maria Pia Branà
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (E.C., D.S., C.P.); Department of Corporate Drug Development (R.P.), and Department of Pharmacology (M.T.), Chiesi Farmaceutici SpA, Parma, Italy; Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy (D.P.); and Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (M.P.B.)
| | - Domenico Spina
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (E.C., D.S., C.P.); Department of Corporate Drug Development (R.P.), and Department of Pharmacology (M.T.), Chiesi Farmaceutici SpA, Parma, Italy; Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy (D.P.); and Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (M.P.B.)
| | - Clive Page
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (E.C., D.S., C.P.); Department of Corporate Drug Development (R.P.), and Department of Pharmacology (M.T.), Chiesi Farmaceutici SpA, Parma, Italy; Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy (D.P.); and Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (M.P.B.)
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Huang HB, Liu YX, Hou Y, Wen L, Ge XH, Peng KM, Liu HZ. Distribution patterns of stromal eosinophil cells in chick thymus during postnatal development. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2012; 153:123-7. [PMID: 23333191 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2012.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Eosinophils are a type of thymic stromal cell that are present in the thymus of both humans and mice. They participate in regulating T-cell development under non-pathological conditions. However, studies are scarce regarding the role of eosinophils in the development of the thymus in chickens. Therefore, this study investigated the distribution of eosinophils in normal chicken thymi at different stages of development. Seven thymi were obtained from chickens at days 1, 21 and 35 of development. The distribution of eosinophils in the thymi was analyzed by histological and immunohistochemical techniques using Lendrum's chromotrope 2R method and an antibody against eosinophilic cationic protein (ECP), respectively. Eosinophils were constitutively located in the chick thymus. They were mainly distributed in the thymic corticomedullary junction and medulla, especially around vessels and Hassall's corpuscles, and only a few were in the trabeculae among thymic lobules and around vessels. There were none in the cortex. The number of thymic eosinophils decreased with increasing age (P<0.01). These results indicated that eosinophils comprise a type of thymic stromal cells in the chick, which may regulate thymic development, especially during the early stages of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Bo Huang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
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Nino G, Hu A, Grunstein JS, McDonough J, Kreiger PA, Josephson MB, Choi JK, Grunstein MM. G Protein βγ-subunit signaling mediates airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation in allergic asthma. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32078. [PMID: 22384144 PMCID: PMC3284547 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the Gβγ subunit of Gi protein has been importantly implicated in regulating immune and inflammatory responses, this study investigated the potential role and mechanism of action of Gβγ signaling in regulating the induction of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in a rabbit model of allergic asthma. Relative to non-sensitized animals, OVA-sensitized rabbits challenged with inhaled OVA exhibited AHR, lung inflammation, elevated BAL levels of IL-13, and increased airway phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) activity. These proasthmatic responses were suppressed by pretreatment with an inhaled membrane-permeable anti-Gβγ blocking peptide, similar to the suppressive effect of glucocorticoid pretreatment. Extended mechanistic studies demonstrated that: 1) corresponding proasthmatic changes in contractility exhibited in isolated airway smooth muscle (ASM) sensitized with serum from OVA-sensitized+challenged rabbits or IL-13 were also Gβγ-dependent and mediated by MAPK-upregulated PDE4 activity; and 2) the latter was attributed to Gβγ-induced direct stimulation of the non-receptor tyrosine kinase, c-Src, resulting in downstream activation of ERK1/2 and its consequent transcriptional upregulation of PDE4. Collectively, these data are the first to identify that a mechanism involving Gβγ-induced direct activation of c-Src, leading to ERK1/2-mediated upregulation of PDE4 activity, plays a decisive role in regulating the induction of AHR and inflammation in a rabbit model of allergic airway disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Nino
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Aihua Hu
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Judith S. Grunstein
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Joseph McDonough
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Portia A. Kreiger
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Nemours/A.I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Maureen B. Josephson
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - John K. Choi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Michael M. Grunstein
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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