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Bilheiro AB, Costa GDS, Araújo MDS, Ribeiro WAR, Medeiros JF, Camargo LMA. Identification of blood meal sources in species of genus Rhodnius in four different environments in the Brazilian amazon. Acta Trop 2022; 232:106486. [PMID: 35525313 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Chagas disease is a zoonotic disease caused by the hemoflagellate Trypanosoma cruzi and transmitted primarily by triatomine vectors. Triatomines are hematophagous insects that feed on a variety of vertebrate hosts. The Chagas disease transmission cycle is closely related to the interactions between vectors, parasites, and vertebrate hosts. Knowledge of triatomine food sources is critical to understanding Chagas disease transmission dynamics. The aim of this study was to identify blood meal sources used by triatomines from different environments in the Brazilian Amazon. A total of 25 captures were conducted in four environments. Triatomine specimens were captured on palm trees and were identified by morphological and morphometric characters. Blood meal sources identification was conducted using a traditional PCR followed by Sanger sequencing of mtDNA cytb gene. Sequencing was successful in 167 specimens and a total of 21 blood meal sources were identified: two reptilians, six birds, and 13 mammals. Among these 21 species, three (Tamandua tetradactyla, Didelphis marsupialis and Rattus rattus) are considered reservoir of T. cruzi. Knowledge of the relationship between triatomines and possible reservoirs can help to elucidate the enzootic cycle of T. cruzi in the Amazon region and guide control strategies for Chagas disease transmission in that region.
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Rodrigues BL, Costa GDS, Shimabukuro PHF. Identification of Bloodmeals from Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) Collected in the Parque Nacional do Viruá, State of Roraima, Brazil. J Med Entomol 2021; 58:2488-2494. [PMID: 33884431 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjab068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The transmission of pathogens that cause leishmaniases occurs by the bite of female sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in their vertebrate hosts, which makes the identification of their bloodmeal sources an important step for the control and epidemiology of these diseases. In Brazil, the state of Roraima has a great diversity of sand flies, vertebrate hosts, and protozoan Leishmania, but little is known about the host blood-feeding preferences of sand flies. Thus, we evaluated the bloodmeal sources of sand flies collected from their sylvatic habitats in Parque Nacional do Viruá, Roraima. Fieldwork was carried-out between 13th and 18th August 2019 using CDC light traps. Sand flies were slide-mounted and morphologically identified using the head and last segments of the abdomen. Engorged females had their DNA extracted, followed by amplification and sequencing of the cytochrome b (cytb) molecular marker for vertebrates. Sequences were analyzed and compared with those from GenBank using the BLASTn search tool, in addition to the reconstruction of a phylogenetic tree to demonstrate the clustering pattern of these sequences. A total of 1,209 sand flies were identified, comprising 20 species, in which the most abundant were Psychodopygus ayrozai (Barretto and Coutinho) (42.10%) and Psychodopygus chagasi (Costa Lima) (26.22%). Bloodmeal source identification was successfully performed for 34 sand flies, that confirm four vertebrate species, being the most abundant the armadillo Dasypus novemcinctus Linnaeus, 1758 (Cingulata: Dasypodidae).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Leite Rodrigues
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Instituto René Rachou - Fiocruz Minas, Av. Augusto de Lima, Barro Preto, Belo Horizonte - Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Glaucilene da Silva Costa
- Laboratório de Entomologia, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz Rondônia, Rua da Beira, Porto Velho - Rondônia, Brasil
| | - Paloma Helena Fernandes Shimabukuro
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Instituto René Rachou - Fiocruz Minas, Av. Augusto de Lima, Barro Preto, Belo Horizonte - Minas Gerais, Brasil
- Coleção de Flebotomíneos - FIOCRUZ/COLFLEB, Instituto René Rachou - Fiocruz Minas, Av. Augusto de Lima, Barro Preto, Belo Horizonte - Minas Gerais, Brasil
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Leonel JAF, Vioti G, Alves ML, da Silva DT, Meneghesso PA, Benassi JC, Spada JCP, Galvis-Ovallos F, Soares RM, Oliveira TMFDS. DNA extraction from individual Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) specimens: Which is the method with better results? Exp Parasitol 2020; 218:107981. [PMID: 32871144 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2020.107981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) are a group of small insects of great concern for Public Health. These dipterous are intensely studied worldwide due to their involvement in the transmission of several pathogens, mainly Leishmania spp. parasites. Nowadays, the molecular tools have been included in Phlebotomine sand flies studies and has shown to be powerful tools in bioecology studies of these dipterous. Thereby, when molecular approaches are employed, there is a great concern regarding the amount and quality of the DNA obtained for analysis. Here, seven methods of DNA extraction, between commercial kits and in house extraction protocols were evaluated. We considered measure of DNA concentration and purity ratios using a spectrophotometer to check the performance of each protocol. In addition, the quality evaluation of the DNA extracted was performed by endogenous gene PCR on samples. The results of the seven evaluated DNA extraction protocols and their implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Augusto Franco Leonel
- Laboratory of Applied Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo - USP, Pirassununga, São Paulo state, Brazil; Post-graduate Program in Experimental Epidemiology Applied to Zoonoses, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo - USP, Pirassununga, São Paulo state, Brazil
| | - Geovanna Vioti
- Laboratory of Applied Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo - USP, Pirassununga, São Paulo state, Brazil; Post-graduate Program in Experimental Epidemiology Applied to Zoonoses, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo - USP, Pirassununga, São Paulo state, Brazil
| | - Maria Luana Alves
- Laboratory of Applied Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo - USP, Pirassununga, São Paulo state, Brazil; Post-graduate Program in Experimental Epidemiology Applied to Zoonoses, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo - USP, Pirassununga, São Paulo state, Brazil
| | - Diogo Tiago da Silva
- Laboratory of Applied Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo - USP, Pirassununga, São Paulo state, Brazil; Post-graduate Program in Experimental Epidemiology Applied to Zoonoses, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo - USP, Pirassununga, São Paulo state, Brazil
| | - Pedro Armando Meneghesso
- Laboratory of Applied Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo - USP, Pirassununga, São Paulo state, Brazil
| | - Julia Cristina Benassi
- Laboratory of Applied Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo - USP, Pirassununga, São Paulo state, Brazil
| | - Julio Cesar Pereira Spada
- Laboratory of Applied Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo - USP, Pirassununga, São Paulo state, Brazil; Post-graduate Program in Experimental Epidemiology Applied to Zoonoses, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo - USP, Pirassununga, São Paulo state, Brazil
| | - Fredy Galvis-Ovallos
- Laboratory of Entomology in Public Health, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, São Paulo state, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Martins Soares
- Post-graduate Program in Experimental Epidemiology Applied to Zoonoses, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo - USP, Pirassununga, São Paulo state, Brazil; Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo - USP, Pirassununga, São Paulo state, Brazil
| | - Trícia Maria Ferreira de Sousa Oliveira
- Laboratory of Applied Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo - USP, Pirassununga, São Paulo state, Brazil; Post-graduate Program in Experimental Epidemiology Applied to Zoonoses, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo - USP, Pirassununga, São Paulo state, Brazil.
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WEN W, YAO Q, CHEN Y, LI Z, SUN X, LI Y, ZHANG J, SIMAYI Z, XU X. [Correlation between transient receptor potential canonical channel with heart and kidney injure of rat model of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome]. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2020; 49:439-446. [PMID: 32985156 PMCID: PMC8800798 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9292.2020.04.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression of transient receptor potential canonical channels (TRPCs) in the heart and kidney of rat model of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). METHODS Eighteen male SD rats were randomly assigned to intermittent hypoxia (IH) group (n=9 ) and control group (n=9). In IH group, rats were placed in a chamber and exposed to intermittent hypoxia for 8h (10AM-6PM) daily. The expression of TRPC-related mRNA and protein in the heart and kidney tissue were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. RESULTS The mRNA expressions of TRPC3/TRPC4/TRPC5 in heart tissues of IH group were increased significantly compared with the control group (all P>0.05); while there were no significant differences in the mRNA expressions of TRPC1/TRPC3/TRPC4/TRPC5/TRPC6/TRPC7 in kidney tissue between two groups (all P<0.05). The mRNA expressions of TRPC4, TRPC5 and TRPC6 in kidney tissues of IH group were lower than that in heart tissues (all P<0.05). The mRNA expression of TRPC7 in kidney tissues of control group was significantly higher than that in heart tissues (P<0.05). The expression of TRPC5 protein in heart tissues of IH group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05); while there was no significant differences in the expression of TRPC5/TRPC6/TRPC7 protein in kidney tissue between two groups (all P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS The IH rat model shows that TRPC5 channel is likely to be involved in the OSAHS induced pathophysiological changes in the myocardium and may become a target to prevent OSAHS related cardiac damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yulan CHEN
- 陈玉岚(1972-), 女, 博士, 主任医师, 副教授, 硕士生导师, 主要从事高血压及相关疾病研究; E-mail:
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6806-9897
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Sales KGDS, Miranda DEDO, Paiva MHS, Figueredo LA, Otranto D, Dantas-Torres F. Fast multiplex real-time PCR assay for simultaneous detection of dog and human blood and Leishmania parasites in sand flies. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:131. [PMID: 32312319 PMCID: PMC7171745 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-3994-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The blood-feeding behaviour of female sand flies may increase their likelihood of acquiring and transmitting Leishmania parasites. Studies on the host usage by these insects may thus improve our understanding of the Leishmania transmission risk in leishmaniasis-endemic areas. Here, we developed a fast multiplex real-time PCR assay for simultaneous detection of dog, human and Leishmania DNA in sand flies. Methods Primers and TaqMan probes targeting the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 and cytochrome b genes of dog and human, respectively, were combined in a multiplex assay, which also includes primers and a TaqMan probe targeting the Leishmania minicircle kinetoplast DNA. Results The multiplex assay was 100% specific, with analytical sensitivities of 103 fg/reaction for dog and human and 1 fg for Leishmania. By testing field-collected engorged female sand flies (95 Migonemyia migonei and two Nyssomyia intermedia), 50 M. migonei were positive for one or two targets (positivity rates: 45.4% for human, 4.1% for dog and 12.4% for Leishmania DNA). Conclusions This multiplex real-time PCR assay represents a novel fast assay for detecting dog, human and Leishmania DNA in female sand flies and therefore a tool for assessing the risk of Leishmania transmission to these hosts in areas of active transmission. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marcelo Henrique Santos Paiva
- Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Caruaru, Brazil.,Department of Entomology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife, Brazil
| | - Luciana Aguiar Figueredo
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife, Brazil
| | - Domenico Otranto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy.,Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Filipe Dantas-Torres
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife, Brazil.
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Furtado LFV, Dias LTDO, Rodrigues TDO, Silva VJD, Oliveira VNGMD, Rabelo ÉML. Egg genotyping reveals the possibility of patent Ancylostoma caninum infection in human intestine. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3006. [PMID: 32080267 PMCID: PMC7033205 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59874-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hookworms are intestinal parasites that cause major public health problems, especially in developing countries. To differentiate eggs from different hookworm species, it is necessary to use molecular methodologies, since the eggs are morphologically similar. Here, we performed the molecular identification of single hookworm eggs from six Brazilian states. Of the 634 eggs individually analyzed, 98.1% (622/634) represented Necator americanus, and surprisingly, 1.9% (12/634 eggs from the same patient) represented Ancylostoma caninum. DNA analysis of the A. caninum-positive stool sample revealed no contamination with animal feces. This is the first report of the presence of A. caninum eggs in human feces, which may have a direct implication for the epidemiology of hookworm infection caused by this species. This suggests the need for special attention regarding prophylaxis, as different reservoirs, previously not described, may have great relevance for the spread of A. caninum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Fernando Viana Furtado
- Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais, Avenida Juca Stockler, 1130, CEP 37900-106, Nossa Sra. das Gracas, Passos, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Lucas Teixeira de Oliveira Dias
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Departamento de Parasitologia, L4 237, Laboratório de Parasitologia Molecular, Pampulha, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Thais de Oliveira Rodrigues
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Departamento de Parasitologia, L4 237, Laboratório de Parasitologia Molecular, Pampulha, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Vivian Jordania da Silva
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Departamento de Parasitologia, L4 237, Laboratório de Parasitologia Molecular, Pampulha, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Valéria Nayara Gomes Mendes de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Departamento de Parasitologia, L4 237, Laboratório de Parasitologia Molecular, Pampulha, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Élida Mara Leite Rabelo
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Departamento de Parasitologia, L4 237, Laboratório de Parasitologia Molecular, Pampulha, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Giantsis IA, Chaskopoulou A. Broadening the tools for studying sand fly breeding habitats: A novel molecular approach for the detection of phlebotomine larval DNA in soil substrates. Acta Trop 2019; 190:123-128. [PMID: 30444972 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Phlebotomine sand flies constitute a group of haematophagous insects of great medical and veterinary importance. Despite the significant knowledge on the biology and behavior of adult sand flies in the wild, there is little information available on the ecology of their larval stages due to difficulties of detecting them in the soil. So far, investigations on sand fly breeding sites have been based on methods to catch emerging adults or on microscopic examination of the soil for the presence of immatures, neither of which is very precise or efficient for studying immatures in the field. Thus, there is a need for a better method to detect, identify and quantify immatures in soil samples. To address this issue we developed a novel molecular genetic approach for the detection of sand fly larval DNA within soil samples. Different numbers of live larvae of Phlebotomus papatasi and P. tobbi (alone or in combination), were mixed with soil and analyzed to identify and quantify the sand flies. By modifying already existing soil DNA extraction protocols in combination with a real-time PCR using species-specific primers, we successfully detected as little as one larva/40 ml of soil. We could also distinguish the two species of sand flies. This method should be very useful for increasing our knowledge of sand fly larval ecology in the field, and thus help develop more efficient, targeted control strategies against Phlebotomus sand flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A Giantsis
- European Biological Control Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - A Chaskopoulou
- European Biological Control Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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