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Wan C, Huang S, Li M, Zhang L, Yuan Y, Zhao X, Wu C. Towards zero excess sludge discharge with built-in ozonation for wastewater biological treatment. Sci Total Environ 2024; 926:171798. [PMID: 38521252 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a biological treatment process, which used a built-in ozonation bypass to achieve sludge reduction, was built to treat the industrial antifreeze production wastewater (mainly composed of ethylene glycol). The results indicated there is a positive correlation between ozone dosage and sludge reduction. At the laboratory level, the MLSS in the system can be stably controlled at around 3400 mg MLSS L-1 under the dosage of 0.18 g O3 g-1 MLSS. Ozonation can increase the compactness of sludge flocs (fractal dimension increased from 1.89 to 1.92). Ozone destroys microbial cell membranes and alters the structure of sludge flocs through direct oxidation through electrophilic reactions. It leads to the release of intracellular polysaccharides, proteins, and other biological macromolecules in microorganisms, thereby promoting the implicit growth of microbial populations. Some bacteria such as g_Pseudomonas, g_Gemmobacter, etc. have strong ethylene glycol degradation ability and tolerance to ozonation. The removal of ethylene glycol includes the glyoxylate cycle, glycine serine carbon cycle, and the glutamate-cysteine ligase pathway of assimilation. Gene KatG and gpx may be key factors in improving microbial tolerance to ozonation. The comprehensive evaluation from the perspectives of cost and carbon emission shows that choosing ozone cracking-implicit growth in wastewater treatment systems has significant cost advantages and application value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Wan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Shiyun Huang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Min Li
- Research Center of Environmental Pollution Control Engineering Technology, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Yue Yuan
- Research Center of Environmental Pollution Control Engineering Technology, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xiaomeng Zhao
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Changyong Wu
- Research Center of Environmental Pollution Control Engineering Technology, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
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2
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Liu Z, Heng S, Dai Q, Gao Y, Han Y, Hu L, Liu Y, Lu X, Zhen G. Simultaneous removal of antibiotic resistance genes and improved dewatering ability of waste activated sludge by Fe(II)-activated persulfate oxidation. Water Res 2024; 253:121265. [PMID: 38340701 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Waste activated sludge properties vary widely with different regions due to the difference in living standards and geographical distribution, making a big challenge to developing a universally effective sludge dewatering technique. The Fe(II)-activated persulfate (S2O82-) oxidation process shows excellent ability to disrupt sludge cells and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), and release bound water from sludge flocs. In this study, the discrepancies in the physicochemical characteristics of sludge samples from seven representative cities in China (e.g., dewaterability, EPS composition, surface charge, microbial community, relative abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), etc.) were investigated, and the role of Fe(II)-S2O82- oxidation in enhancing removal of antibiotic resistance genes and dewatering ability were explored. The results showed significant differences between the EPS distribution and chemical composition of sludge samples due to different treatment processes, effluent sources, and regions. The Fe(II)-S2O82- oxidation pretreatment had a good enhancement of sludge dewatering capacity (up to 76 %). Microbial analysis showed that the microbial community in each sludge varied significantly depending on the types of wastewater, the wastewater treatment processes, and the regions, but Fe(II)-S2O82- oxidation was able to attack and rupture the sludge zoogloea indiscriminately. Genetic analysis further showed that a considerable number of ARGs were detected in all of these sludge samples and that Fe(II)-S2O82- oxidation was effective in removing ARGs by higher than 90 %. The highly active radicals (e.g., SO4-·, ·OH) produced in this process caused drastic damage to sludge microbial cells and DNA stability while liberating the EPS/cell-bound water. Co-occurrence network analysis highlighted a positive correlation between population distribution and ARGs abundance, while variations in microbial communities were linked to regional differences in living standards and level of economic development. Despite these variations, the Fe(II)-S2O82- oxidation consistently achieved excellent performance in both ARGs removal and sludge dewatering. The significant modularity of associations between different microbial communities also confirms its ability to reduce horizontal gene transfer (HGT) by scavenging microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaobin Liu
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Shiliang Heng
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Qicai Dai
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yijing Gao
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yule Han
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Lingtian Hu
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yisheng Liu
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xueqin Lu
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, Shanghai 200241, PR China; Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), 3663N. Zhongshan Rd., Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Guangyin Zhen
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, Shanghai 200241, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, 1515 North Zhongshan Rd. (No. 2), Shanghai 200092, PR China; Technology Innovation Center for Land Spatial Eco-restoration in Metropolitan Area, Ministry of Natural Resources, 3663N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China.
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3
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Zhang G, Li W, Li D, Wang S, Lv L. Integration of ammonium assimilation with denitrifying phosphorus removal for efficient nutrient management in wastewater treatment. J Environ Manage 2024; 353:120116. [PMID: 38280251 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Nutrient removal from sewage is transitioning to nutrient recovery. However, biological treatment technologies to remove and recover nutrients from domestic sewage are still under investigation. This study delved into the integration of ammonium assimilation with denitrifying phosphorus removal (DPR) as a method for efficient nutrient management in sewage treatment. Results indicated this approach eliminated over 80 % of the nitrogen in the influent, simultaneously recovering over 60 % of the nitrogen as the activated sludge through ammonia assimilation, and glycerol facilitated this process. The nitrification/denitrifying phosphorus removal ensured the stability of both nitrogen and phosphorus removal. The phosphorus removal rate exceeded 96 %, and the DPR rate reached over 90 %. Network analysis highlighted a stable community structure with Proteobacteria and Bacteroidota driving ammonium assimilation. The synergistic effect of fermentation bacteria, denitrifying glycogen-accumulating organisms, and denitrifying phosphorus-accumulating organisms contributed to the stability of nitrogen and phosphorus removal. This approach offers a promising method for sustainable nutrient management in sewage treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglin Zhang
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Weiguang Li
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
| | - Donghui Li
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Shuncai Wang
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Longyi Lv
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China.
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Chen LM, Beck P, van Ede J, Pronk M, van Loosdrecht MCM, Lin Y. Anionic extracellular polymeric substances extracted from seawater-adapted aerobic granular sludge. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:144. [PMID: 38231410 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12954-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Anionic polymers, such as heparin, have been widely applied in the chemical and medical fields, particularly for binding proteins (e.g., fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) and histones). However, the current animal-based production of heparin brings great risks, including resource shortages and product contamination. Recently, anionic compounds, nonulosonic acids (NulOs), and sulfated glycoconjugates were discovered in the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of aerobic granular sludge (AGS). Given the prevalence of anionic polymers, in marine biofilms, it was hypothesized that the EPS from AGS grown under seawater condition could serve as a raw material for producing the alternatives to heparin. This study aimed to isolate and enrich the anionic fractions of EPS and evaluate their potential application in the chemical and medical fields. The AGS was grown in a lab-scale reactor fed with acetate, under the seawater condition (35 g/L sea salt). The EPS was extracted with an alkaline solution at 80 °C and fractionated by size exclusion chromatography. Its protein binding capacity was evaluated by native gel electrophoresis. It was found that the two highest molecular weight fractions (438- > 14,320 kDa) were enriched with NulO and sulfate-containing glycoconjugates. The enriched fractions can strongly bind the two histones involved in sepsis and a model protein used for purification by heparin-column. These findings demonstrated possibilities for the application of the extracted EPS and open up a novel strategy for resource recovery. KEY POINTS: • High MW EPS from seawater-adapted AGS are dominant with sulfated groups and NulOs • Fifty-eight percent of the EPS is high MW of 68-14,320 kDa • EPS and its fractions can bind histones and fibroblast growth factor 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Min Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629, HZ, Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Paula Beck
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629, HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Jitske van Ede
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629, HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Mario Pronk
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629, HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
- Royal HaskoningDHV, Laan 1914 35, Amersfoort, 3800, AL, The Netherlands
| | - Mark C M van Loosdrecht
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629, HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Yuemei Lin
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629, HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
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Chen LM, Keisham S, Tateno H, van Ede J, Pronk M, van Loosdrecht MCM, Lin Y. Alterations of Glycan Composition in Aerobic Granular Sludge during the Adaptation to Seawater Conditions. ACS ES T Water 2024; 4:279-286. [PMID: 38229592 PMCID: PMC10788855 DOI: 10.1021/acsestwater.3c00625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Bacteria can synthesize a diverse array of glycans, being found attached to proteins and lipids or as loosely associated polysaccharides to the cells. The major challenge in glycan analysis in environmental samples lies in developing high-throughput and comprehensive characterization methodologies to elucidate the structure and monitor the change of the glycan profile, especially in protein glycosylation. To this end, in the current research, the dynamic change of the glycan profile of a few extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) samples was investigated by high-throughput lectin microarray and mass spectrometry, as well as sialylation and sulfation analysis. Those EPS were extracted from aerobic granular sludge collected at different stages during its adaptation to the seawater condition. It was found that there were glycoproteins in all of the EPS samples. In response to the exposure to seawater, the amount of glycoproteins and their glycan diversity displayed an increase during adaptation, followed by a decrease once the granules reached a stable state of adaptation. Information generated sheds light on the approaches to identify and monitor the diversity and dynamic alteration of the glycan profile of the EPS in response to environmental stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Min Chen
- Department
of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Sunanda Keisham
- Cellular
and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
(AIST), Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tateno
- Cellular
and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
(AIST), Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Jitske van Ede
- Department
of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Mario Pronk
- Department
of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
- Royal
HaskoningDHV, Laan 1914
35, Amersfoort 3800 AL, The Netherlands
| | - Mark C. M. van Loosdrecht
- Department
of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Yuemei Lin
- Department
of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
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Elahinik A, Li L, Pabst M, Abbas B, Xevgenos D, van Loosdrecht MCM, Pronk M. Aerobic granular sludge phosphate removal using glucose. Water Res 2023; 247:120776. [PMID: 37898002 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced biological phosphate removal and aerobic sludge granulation are commonly studied with fatty acids as substrate. Fermentative substrates such as glucose have received limited attention. In this work, glucose conversion by aerobic granular sludge and its impact on phosphate removal was studied. Long-term stable phosphate removal and successful granulation were achieved. Glucose was rapidly taken up (273 mg/gVSS/h) at the start of the anaerobic phase, while phosphate was released during the full anaerobic phase. Some lactate was produced during glucose consumption, which was anaerobically consumed once glucose was depleted. The phosphate release appeared to be directly proportional to the uptake of lactate. The ratio of phosphorus released to glucose carbon taken up over the full anaerobic phase was 0.25 Pmol/Cmol. Along with glucose and lactate uptake in the anaerobic phase, poly‑hydroxy-alkanoates and glycogen storage were observed. There was a linear correlation between glucose consumption and lactate formation. While lactate accounted for approximately 89 % of the observed products in the bulk liquid, minor quantities of formate (5 %), propionate (4 %), and acetate (3 %) were also detected (mass fraction). Formate was not consumed anaerobically. Quantitative fluorescence in-situ hybridization (qFISH) revealed that polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAO) accounted for 61 ± 15 % of the total biovolume. Metagenome evaluation of the biomass indicated a high abundance of Micropruina and Ca. Accumulibacter in the system, which was in accordance with the microscopic observations and the protein mass fraction from metaproteome analysis. Anaerobic conversions were evaluated based on theoretical ATP balances to provide the substrate distribution amongst the dominant genera. This research shows that aerobic granular sludge technology can be applied to glucose-containing effluents and that glucose is a suitable substrate for achieving phosphate removal. The results also show that for fermentable substrates a microbial community consisting of fermentative organisms and PAO develop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Elahinik
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, Delft 2629HZ, the Netherlands.
| | - Linghang Li
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, Delft 2629HZ, the Netherlands
| | - Martin Pabst
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, Delft 2629HZ, the Netherlands
| | - Ben Abbas
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, Delft 2629HZ, the Netherlands
| | - Dimitrios Xevgenos
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, Delft 2629HZ, the Netherlands
| | - Mark C M van Loosdrecht
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, Delft 2629HZ, the Netherlands
| | - Mario Pronk
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, Delft 2629HZ, the Netherlands; Royal HaskoningDHV, Laan 1914 no 35, Amersfoort 3800AL, the Netherlands
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Xu J, Gao Y, Bi X, Li L, Xiang W, Liu S. Positive effects of lignocellulose on the formation and stability of aerobic granular sludge. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1254152. [PMID: 37670989 PMCID: PMC10475587 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1254152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Lignocellulose is one of the major components of particulate organic matter in sewage, which has a significant influence on biological wastewater treatment process. However, the effect of lignocellulose on aerobic granular sludge (AGS) system is still unknown. Methods In this study, two reactors were operated over 5 months to investigate the effect of lignocellulose on granulation process, structure stability and pollutants removal of AGS. Results and discussion The results indicated that lignocellulose not only promoted the secretion of tightly bound polysaccharide in extracellular polymeric substances, but also acted as skeletons within granules, thereby facilitating AGS formation, and enhancing structural strength. Lignocellulose imposed little effect on the removal efficiency of pollutants, with more than 95, 99, and 92% of COD, NH4+-N, and PO43--P were removed in both reactors. However, it did exhibit a noticeable influence on pollutants conversion processes. This might be due to that the presence of lignocellulose promoted the enrichment of functional microorganisms, including Candidatus_Accumulibacter, Candidatus_Competibacter, Nitrosomonas, and Nitrospira, etc. These findings might provide valuable insights into the control strategy of lignocellulose in practical AGS systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuejun Bi
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region’s Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenjuan Xiang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Shichang Liu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, China
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