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Wang S, Kong F, Liu J, Xia J, Du W, Li S, Wang W. Comparative Analysis of Rumen Microbiota Composition in Dairy Cows with Simple Indigestion and Healthy Cows. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2673. [PMID: 38004685 PMCID: PMC10672840 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple indigestion in cows leads to substantial economic losses in the dairy industry. Despite ongoing efforts, an effective treatment for this issue remains elusive. Previous studies have emphasized the vital role of rumen microbes in maintaining ruminant health. To deepen our comprehension of the intricate interplay between rumen microbiota and simple indigestion, we undertook a study involving the analysis of rumen fluid from eight cows with simple indigestion and ten healthy cows. Additionally, we collected data pertaining to milk production, rumination behavior, and rumen characteristics. The results showed that cows with simple indigestion displayed significantly lower milk yield, reduced rumination duration, and weakened rumen contraction when contrasted with the healthy cows (p < 0.05). However, no significant difference in microbiota α-diversity emerged (p > 0.05). Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) illuminated substantial variations in rumen microbial structure among the two groups (p < 0.05). Further analysis spotlighted distinctive bacteria in the rumen of the cows with indigestion, including Allisonella, Synergistes, Megasphaera, Clostridium_XIVb, Campylobacter, and Acidaminococcus. In contrast, Coraliomargarita, Syntrophococcus, and Coprococcus are the dominant bacterial genera in the rumen of healthy dairy cows. Importantly, these key bacterial genera also dominated the overarching microbial interaction network. The observation suggests that changes in the abundance of these dominant bacterial genera potentially underlie the principal etiology of cows with simple indigestion. The present findings can provide insights into simple indigestion prevention and treatment in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (S.W.); (F.K.); (J.L.); (J.X.); (W.D.); (S.L.)
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Laurent C, Caillat H, Girard CL, Ferlay A, Laverroux S, Jost J, Graulet B. Impacts of production conditions on goat milk vitamin, carotenoid contents and colour indices. Animal 2023; 17:100683. [PMID: 36610084 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2022.100683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The content, composition and variation of vitamin compounds in goat milk have been little studied. An experimental design was based on 28 commercial farms, selected considering the main feeding system (based on main forage and especially pasture access), goat breed (Alpine vs Saanen) and reproductive management (seasonal reproduction), in the main French goat milk production area. Each farm received two visits (spring and autumn) that included a survey on milk production conditions and bulk milk sampling. Milk vitamins (A, E, B2, B6, B9, B12) and carotenoid concentrations plus colour indices were evaluated. A stepwise approach determined the variables of milk production conditions that significantly altered milk indicators. The main forage in the diet was the major factor altering goat milk vitamin and carotenoid concentrations and colour indices. Bulk milk from goats eating fresh grass as forage was richer in α-tocopherol (+64%), pyridoxal (+35%) and total vitamin B6 (+31%), and b* index (characterising milk yellowness in the CIELAB colour space) was also higher (+12%) than in milk from goats eating conserved forages. In milk from goats eating fresh grass, concentrations of pyridoxamine, lutein and total carotenoids were higher than in milk of goats fed corn silage (+24, +118 and +101%, respectively), and retinol and α-tocopherol concentrations were higher than in milk of goats fed partially dehydrated grass (+45 and +55%). Vitamin B2 concentration was higher in milk of goats eating fresh grass than in milk of goats fed hay or corn silage as forage (+10%). However, bulk milk when goats had access to fresh grass was significantly poorer in vitamin B12 than when fed corn silage (-46%) and in γ-tocopherol (-31%) than when fed conserved forage. Alpine goats produced milk with higher vitamin B2 and folate concentrations than Saanen goats (+18 and +14%, respectively). Additionally, the milk colour index that discriminates milks based on their yellow pigment contents was 7% higher in milk from Alpine than Saanen herds, but milk from Saanen goats was richer in lutein (+46%). Goat milks were richer in vitamins B2 and B12 and folates, but poorer in vitamin B6 in autumn than in spring (+12, +133, +15 and -13%, respectively). This work highlights that goat milk vitamin and carotenoid concentrations and colour indices vary mainly according to the main forage of the diet and secondly according to the breed and season.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Laurent
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - H Caillat
- FERLus, INRAE, Les Verrines, 86600 Lusignan, France
| | - C L Girard
- Agriculture Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Sherbrooke J1M 0C8, Canada
| | - A Ferlay
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - S Laverroux
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - J Jost
- Institut de l'Elevage, CS 45002, 86550 Mignaloux-Beauvoir, France; BRILAC -REDCap Network, CS 45002, 86550 Mignaloux-Beauvoir, France
| | - B Graulet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France.
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Brisson V, Girard CL, Metcalf JA, Castagnino DS, Dijkstra J, Ellis JL. Meta-analysis of apparent ruminal synthesis and postruminal flow of B vitamins in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:7399-7415. [PMID: 35879170 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
As milk production has significantly increased over the past decade(s), existing estimates of the B-vitamin needs of the modern dairy cow are currently being reconsidered, as suboptimal B-vitamin supply may affect metabolic efficiency. At the same time, however, "true" (i.e., biologically active forms, excluding nonfunctional analogs) B-vitamin supply also cannot be adequately estimated by dietary intake, as the rumen microbiota has been shown to play a significant role in synthesis and utilization of B vitamins. Given their complex impact on the metabolism of dairy cows, incorporating these key nutrients into the next generation of mathematical models could help to better predict animal production and performance. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to generate hypotheses of regulation in the absence of supplemental B vitamins by creating empirical models, through a meta-analysis, to describe true B-vitamin supply to the cow (postruminal flow, PRF) and apparent ruminal synthesis (ARS). The database used for this meta-analysis consisted of 340 individual cow observations from 15 studies with 16 experiments, where diet and postruminal digesta samples were (post hoc) analyzed for content of B vitamins (B1, B2, B3, B6, B9, B12). Equations of univariate and multivariate linear form were considered. Models describing ARS considered dry matter intake (DMI, kg/d), B-vitamin dietary concentration [mg/kg of dry matter (DM)] and rumen-level variables such as rumen digestible neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and starch (g/kg of DM), total volatile fatty acids (VFA, mM), acetate, propionate, butyrate, and valerate molar proportions (% of VFA), mean pH, and fractional rates of degradation of NDF and starch (%/h). Models describing PRF considered dietary-level driving variables such as DMI, B-vitamin dietary concentration (mg/kg of DM), starch and crude protein (g/kg of DM) and forage NDF (g/kg of DM). Equations developed were required to contain all significant slope parameters and contained no significant collinearity between driving variables. Concordance correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the models on the developmental data set due to data scarcity. Overall, modeling ARS yielded better-performing models compared with modeling PRF, and DMI was included in all prediction equations as a scalar variable. The B-vitamin dietary concentration had a negative effect on the ARS of B1, B2, B3, and B6 but increased the PRF of B2 and B9. The rumen digestible NDF concentration had a negative effect on the ARS of B2, B3, and B6, whereas rumen digestible starch concentration had a negative effect on the ARS of B1 and a positive effect on the ARS of B9. In the best prediction models, the dietary starch increased PRF of B1, B2, and B9 but decreased PRF of B12. The equations developed may be used to better understand the effect of diet and ruminal environment on the true supply of B vitamins to the dairy cow and stimulate the development of better-defined requirements in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Brisson
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - C L Girard
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, QC, J1M 1Z3, Canada
| | - J A Metcalf
- Trouw Nutrition Canada, Guelph, ON, N1G 4T2, Canada
| | | | - J Dijkstra
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6700 AH, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - J L Ellis
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
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Molano RA, Girard CL, Van Amburgh ME. Effect of dietary supplementation of 2 forms of a B vitamin and choline blend on the performance of Holstein calves during the transition and postweaning phase. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:10812-10827. [PMID: 34304881 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The transition from a liquid- to a solid-based diet involves several adaptations in calves. Development of ruminal function is likely to alter B vitamin and choline supply, although little is known about the extent of these changes relative to the calf's requirements and consequences for the calf around weaning. Moreover, literature data are equivocal concerning the need to supplement B vitamins and choline through weaning and transition phase of the dairy calf. To evaluate the effect of increasing B vitamin and choline supply on performance, 61 Holstein calves were individually housed and raised from birth to 13 wk of age. Calves were fed milk replacer (28% crude protein, 15% fat) up to 1.6 kg of dry matter (DM)/d at 15% solids (3 times/d) from birth to 4 wk of age. At that time, calves were randomly assigned to one of 3 treatments: a rumen-protected blend of B vitamins and choline (RPBV); a 30:70 mix of a nonprotected blend of B vitamins and choline and fat (UPBV); or fat only, used as control (CTRL). Calves were maintained on milk replacer and offered ad libitum quantities of a starter grain (25.5% crude protein) specifically formulated to supply all essential amino acids with no added B vitamins or choline. The supplements were provided in gel capsules and administered once a day to each calf in quantities corresponding to 0.39 and 0.28% of the previous day's starter DM intake for the vitamin blends and control, respectively. Calves were weaned gradually from d 49 to 63. Body weight and stature were measured, and blood was collected and analyzed for hematocrit, plasma urea nitrogen, β-hydroxybutyrate, folates, and vitamin B12. Body weight and stature were similar among treatments. Overall gain (0.99 kg/d), DM intake (1.90 kg of DM/d), and feed efficiency (0.52) were not affected by vitamin supplementation. Plasma vitamin B12 concentrations were not different between RPBV and UPBV but tended to be higher at the end of weaning and were greater postweaning in RPBV and UPBV treatments compared with CTRL. Both forms of the vitamin blend effectively improved vitamin B12 status postweaning with no effect on folate status. No differences were observed in other blood measurements. Under conditions of this study, additional B vitamins and choline did not improve calf performance before, during, or after weaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo A Molano
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Christiane L Girard
- Agriculture et Agroalimentaire Canada, Centre de Recherche et Développement sur le Bovin Laitier et le Porc, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1M 1Z3, Canada
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Deters EL, Niedermayer EK, Genther-Schroeder ON, Blank CP, Carmichael RN, Hartman SJ, Messersmith EM, VanValin KR, Branine ME, Hansen SL. Investigating the effects of a novel rumen-protected folic acid supplement on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics of beef steers. Transl Anim Sci 2021; 5:txab093. [PMID: 34189420 PMCID: PMC8223594 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txab093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Angus-crossbred steers (n = 180; 292 ± 18 kg) from a single ranch were used to investigate the effects of a novel rumen-protected folic acid (RPFA) supplement on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics. On d 0, steers were blocked by body weight to pens (5 steers/pen), and pens within a block were randomly assigned to dietary treatments (n = 6 pens/treatment): target intake of 0 (CON), 30 (RPFA-30), 60 (RPFA-60), 90 (RPFA-90), 120 (RPFA-120), or 150 (RPFA-150) mg RPFA·steer−1·d−1. Steers were weighed before feeding on d −1, 0, 55, 56, 86, 87, 181, and 182. Pen average daily gain (ADG), dry matter intake (DMI), and gain:feed (G:F) were calculated for growing (d 0 to 56), dietary transition (d 56 to 87), finishing (d 87 to 182), and overall (d 0 to 182). Liver and blood samples were collected from two steers/pen before trial initiation and at the end of growing and finishing. Steers were slaughtered on d 183, and carcass data were collected after a 48-h chill. Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design using ProcMixed of SAS 9.4 (fixed effects of treatment and block; experimental unit of pen). Liver abscess scores were analyzed using the Genmod Procedure of SAS 9.4. Contrast statements assessed the polynomial effects of RPFA. Supplemental RPFA linearly increased plasma folate at the end of growing and finishing (P < 0.01), and linearly decreased plasma glucose at the end of growing (P = 0.01). There was a cubic effect of RPFA on liver folate at the end of growing (P = 0.01), driven by lesser concentrations for RPFA-30, RPFA-60, and RPFA-150. Growing period ADG and G:F were greatest for CON and RPFA-120 (cubic P ≤ 0.03). Transition period DMI was linearly increased due to RPFA (P = 0.05). There was a tendency for a cubic effect of RPFA on the percentage of livers with no abscesses (P = 0.06), driven by a greater percentage of non-abscessed livers in RPFA-30 and RPFA-60. Despite supplementing 1 mg Co/kg DM, and regardless of treatment, plasma vitamin B12 concentrations were low (<200 pg/mL), which may have influenced the response to RPFA as vitamin B12 is essential for recycling of folate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin L Deters
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Emma K Niedermayer
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Olivia N Genther-Schroeder
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Christopher P Blank
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Remy N Carmichael
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Sarah J Hartman
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Messersmith
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Katherine R VanValin
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | | | - Stephanie L Hansen
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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Guiné RPF, Florença SG, Carpes S, Anjos O. Study of the Influence of Sociodemographic and Lifestyle Factors on Consumption of Dairy Products: Preliminary Study in Portugal and Brazil. Foods 2020; 9:E1775. [PMID: 33266244 DOI: 10.3390/foods9121775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sociodemographic characteristics, including regional variations, have been associated with different food consumption patterns. Behavioral factors and lifestyle variables may also contribute to different food dietary trends. In this way, the present study intended to investigate the consumption habits of the most relevant types of dairy products around the world and relate them to sociodemographic factors, for example, age, sex, education and country as well as with some anthropometric and behavioral aspects, for example, body mass index, satisfaction with body weight and exercise or sedentary lifestyles. One other objective of the study was to categorize the lifestyles of the participants, according to measured variables linked with hours of inactivity or exercise, in order to use these as possible differentiating variables for the consumption of dairy products. The study involved a questionnaire survey undertaken on a non-probabilistic convenience sample of participants from Portugal (PT) and Brazil (BR), and participation was voluntary and anonymous. The data analysis involved different statistical techniques: basic statistics, chi-square tests, factor analysis, cluster analysis and tree classification analysis. The results showed that semi skimmed milk is never consumed by about half of the participants (47.4% for PT and 46.7 for BR), and those numbers increase for skimmed (64.8% for PT and 50.9% for BR), chocolate flavored milk (82.6% for PT and 65.6% for BR) and enriched milks (94.8% for PT and 85.3% for BR). Cheeses are also consumed in the two countries by small numbers of people. The number of participants consuming imported cheeses in both countries was particularly low (only 4.0% consume these more than once a week in both countries), suggesting national products may be preferred. It was further observed that those who consume cheese do it seldom (once a week) or sometimes (2–3 times per week). Butter is also consumed by only about half of the adult population (43.8% for PT and 49.5% for BR), but the percentage of those who never consume butter increases for skimmed butter (66.0% for PT and 82.6% for BR) and unsalted butter (70.2% for PT and 69.1% for BR). The consumption of yogurts also follows similar low consumption patterns. The most frequently consumed yogurt types in Portugal are liquid (30.5% consume regularly) and natural yogurts (34.8% consume regularly), while in Brazil the most frequent are creamy fruit pulp yogurt (14.4% consume regularly), liquid (13.7% consume regularly) and Greek type yogurt (10.2% consume regularly). A factor analysis and a cluster analysis established groups according to lifestyles, as follows: 1—Screeners, 2—Exercisers, 3—Travelers and 4—Others. These lifestyles were found to be influential in the consumption of dairy products for all classes of dairy tested: milk, cheese, yogurt and butter. For example, the screeners were found to consume more milk, more butter, more cheese and more yogurt. Additionally, other influential factors were age, sex, education, BMI and satisfaction with body weight. Nevertheless, country was not a meaningfully discriminant variable in relation to the other variables included in the classification analysis. The results concluded that, despite some small differences in the patterns of consumption of dairy products in both countries, the levels of consumption of dairy products are extremely low, for all classes studied (milk, cheese, yogurt or butter). Additionally, it was concluded that some factors are influential on the level of consumption of dairy products, and therefore decision makers can plan their interventions according to the characteristics of the targeted segments of the population, according to lifestyle, age, sex, education, BMI and satisfaction with body weight.
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