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Mailloux RJ. The emerging importance of the α-keto acid dehydrogenase complexes in serving as intracellular and intercellular signaling platforms for the regulation of metabolism. Redox Biol 2024; 72:103155. [PMID: 38615490 PMCID: PMC11021975 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The α-keto acid dehydrogenase complex (KDHc) class of mitochondrial enzymes is composed of four members: pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDHc), α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (KGDHc), branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase (BCKDHc), and 2-oxoadipate dehydrogenase (OADHc). These enzyme complexes occupy critical metabolic intersections that connect monosaccharide, amino acid, and fatty acid metabolism to Krebs cycle flux and oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos). This feature also imbues KDHc enzymes with the heightened capacity to serve as platforms for propagation of intracellular and intercellular signaling. KDHc enzymes serve as a source and sink for mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide (mtH2O2), a vital second messenger used to trigger oxidative eustress pathways. Notably, deactivation of KDHc enzymes through reversible oxidation by mtH2O2 and other electrophiles modulates the availability of several Krebs cycle intermediates and related metabolites which serve as powerful intracellular and intercellular messengers. The KDHc enzymes also play important roles in the modulation of mitochondrial metabolism and epigenetic programming in the nucleus through the provision of various acyl-CoAs, which are used to acylate proteinaceous lysine residues. Intriguingly, nucleosomal control by acylation is also achieved through PDHc and KGDHc localization to the nuclear lumen. In this review, I discuss emerging concepts in the signaling roles fulfilled by the KDHc complexes. I highlight their vital function in serving as mitochondrial redox sensors and how this function can be used by cells to regulate the availability of critical metabolites required in cell signaling. Coupled with this, I describe in detail how defects in KDHc function can cause disease states through the disruption of cell redox homeodynamics and the deregulation of metabolic signaling. Finally, I propose that the intracellular and intercellular signaling functions of the KDHc enzymes are controlled through the reversible redox modification of the vicinal lipoic acid thiols in the E2 subunit of the complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Mailloux
- School of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada.
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2
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Laxmi V, Gunasekaran PK, Kumar A, Manjunathan S, Tiwari S, Saini L. Acute Flaccid Paralysis due to Pyruvate Dehydrogenase E1-Alpha Deficiency. Indian J Pediatr 2024; 91:518. [PMID: 37787965 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-023-04853-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Veena Laxmi
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342005, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar Gunasekaran
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342005, India
| | - Ashna Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342005, India
| | - Sujatha Manjunathan
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342005, India
| | - Sarbesh Tiwari
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Lokesh Saini
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342005, India.
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3
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Fortin O, Christoffel K, Shoaib A, Venkatesan C, Cilli K, Schroeder JW, Alves C, Ganetzky RD, Fraser JL. Characteristic Fetal Brain MRI Abnormalities in Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex Deficiency. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.04.08.24303574. [PMID: 38645225 PMCID: PMC11030481 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.08.24303574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency (PDCD) is a disorder of mitochondrial metabolism that is caused by pathogenic variants in multiple genes, including PDHA1. Typical neonatal brain imaging findings in PDCD have been described, with a focus on malformative features and chronic encephaloclastic changes. However, fetal brain MRI imaging in confirmed PDCD has not been comprehensively described. We sought to demonstrate the prenatal neurological and systemic manifestations of PDCD determined by comprehensive fetal imaging and genomic sequencing. All fetuses with a diagnosis of genetic PDCD who had undergone fetal MRI were included in the study. Medical records, imaging data, and genetic testing results were reviewed and reported descriptively. Ten patients with diagnosis of PDCD were included. Most patients had corpus callosum dysgenesis, abnormal gyration pattern, reduced brain volumes, and periventricular cystic lesions. One patient had associated intraventricular hemorrhages. One patient had a midbrain malformation with aqueductal stenosis and severe hydrocephalus. Fetuses imaged in the second trimester were found to have enlargement of the ganglionic eminences with cystic cavitations, while those imaged in the third trimester had germinolytic cysts. Fetuses with PDCD have similar brain MRI findings to neonates described in the literature, although some of these findings may be subtle early in pregnancy. Additional features, such as cystic cavitations of the ganglionic eminences, are noted in the second trimester in fetuses with PDCD, and these may represent a novel early diagnostic marker for PDCD. Using fetal MRI to identify these radiological hallmarks to inform prenatal diagnosis of PDCD may guide genetic counseling, pregnancy decision-making, and neonatal care planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Fortin
- Zickler Family Prenatal Pediatrics Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA, 20010
| | - Kelsey Christoffel
- Zickler Family Prenatal Pediatrics Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA, 20010
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA, 20052
| | - Abdullah Shoaib
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA, 75235
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA, 75235
| | - Charu Venkatesan
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA, 45229
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA, 45221
| | - Kate Cilli
- Zickler Family Prenatal Pediatrics Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA, 20010
| | - Jason W. Schroeder
- Department of Radiology, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA, 20010
- Department of Radiology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA, 20052
| | - Cesar Alves
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
| | - Rebecca D. Ganetzky
- Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA, 19104
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104
| | - Jamie L. Fraser
- Zickler Family Prenatal Pediatrics Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA, 20010
- Rare Disease Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA, 20010
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA, 20010
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4
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Shoaib AB, Tabacaru CR. Lactic Acidosis in a Neonate with Ventriculomegaly and Hypoplasia of the Corpus Callosum. Neoreviews 2024; 25:e107-e109. [PMID: 38296788 DOI: 10.1542/neo.25-2-e107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Bin Shoaib
- Department of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Christa Rose Tabacaru
- Department of Neonatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
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Alves CAPF, Whitehead MT. Advancing the neuroimaging diagnosis and understanding of mitochondrial disorders. Neurotherapeutics 2024; 21:e00324. [PMID: 38306952 PMCID: PMC10903090 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurot.2024.e00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases, a diverse and intricate group of disorders, result from both nuclear DNA and mitochondrial DNA malfunctions, leading to a decrease in cellular energy (ATP) production. The increasing understanding of molecular, biochemical, and genetic irregularities associated with mitochondrial dysfunction has led to a wider recognition of varying mitochondrial disease phenotypes. This broadening landscape has led to a diverse array of neuroimaging findings, posing a challenge to radiologists in identifying the extensive range of possible patterns. This review meticulously describes the central imaging features of mitochondrial diseases in children, as revealed by neuroimaging. It spans from traditional imaging findings to more recent and intricate diagnoses, offering insights and highlighting advancements in neuroimaging technology that can potentially guide a more efficient and accurate diagnostic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Augusto P F Alves
- Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital - BCH Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
| | - Matthew T Whitehead
- Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, United States; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine of Philadelphia, United States.
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Conti F, Di Martino S, Drago F, Bucolo C, Micale V, Montano V, Siciliano G, Mancuso M, Lopriore P. Red Flags in Primary Mitochondrial Diseases: What Should We Recognize? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16746. [PMID: 38069070 PMCID: PMC10706469 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary mitochondrial diseases (PMDs) are complex group of metabolic disorders caused by genetically determined impairment of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). The unique features of mitochondrial genetics and the pivotal role of mitochondria in cell biology explain the phenotypical heterogeneity of primary mitochondrial diseases and the resulting diagnostic challenges that follow. Some peculiar features ("red flags") may indicate a primary mitochondrial disease, helping the physician to orient in this diagnostic maze. In this narrative review, we aimed to outline the features of the most common mitochondrial red flags offering a general overview on the topic that could help physicians to untangle mitochondrial medicine complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Conti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Science, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (F.C.); (S.D.M.); (C.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Serena Di Martino
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Science, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (F.C.); (S.D.M.); (C.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Filippo Drago
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Science, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (F.C.); (S.D.M.); (C.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Claudio Bucolo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Science, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (F.C.); (S.D.M.); (C.B.); (V.M.)
- Center for Research in Ocular Pharmacology-CERFO, University of Catania, 95213 Catania, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Micale
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Science, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (F.C.); (S.D.M.); (C.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Vincenzo Montano
- Neurological Institute, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy (P.L.)
| | - Gabriele Siciliano
- Neurological Institute, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy (P.L.)
| | - Michelangelo Mancuso
- Neurological Institute, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy (P.L.)
| | - Piervito Lopriore
- Neurological Institute, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy (P.L.)
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Diodato D, Schiff M, Cohen BH, Bertini E, Rahman S. 258th ENMC international workshop Leigh syndrome spectrum: genetic causes, natural history and preparing for clinical trials 25-27 March 2022, Hoofddorp, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Neuromuscul Disord 2023; 33:700-709. [PMID: 37541860 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daria Diodato
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Manuel Schiff
- Reference Center for Mitochondrial Disease, CARAMMEL, Necker University Hospital, APHP and University of Paris Cité, Paris, France; INSERM UMRS_1163, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Bruce H Cohen
- Department of Pediatrics and Rebecca D. Considine Research Institute, Akron Children's Hospital, Akron, OH, United States
| | - Enrico Bertini
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Shamima Rahman
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK and Metabolic Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London WC1N 3JH, United Kingdom.
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Lim WY, Lee HJ, Park EJ, Jeon S, Do W, Kim HJ, Lee D, Hong JM. Perioperative considerations of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency: a case report of two consecutive anesthesia. Anesth Pain Med (Seoul) 2023; 18:270-274. [PMID: 37468200 PMCID: PMC10410542 DOI: 10.17085/apm.23034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC) deficiency is a rare mitochondrial disorder caused by a genetic mutation affecting the activity of the PDHC enzyme, which plays a major role in the tricarboxylic cycle. Few cases of surgery or anesthesia have been reported. Moreover, there is no recommended anesthetic method. CASE A 24-month-old child with a PDHC deficiency presented to the emergency room with respiratory failure, mental decline, systemic cyanosis, and lactic acidosis. During hospitalization period, the patient presented with pneumothorax, pneumoperitoneum, and multiple air pockets in the heart. Two surgeries were performed under general anesthesia using an inhalational anesthetic agent. The patient was discharged with home ventilation. CONCLUSIONS Anesthesiologists should be wary of multiple factors when administering anesthesia to patients with PDHC deficiency, including airway abnormalities, acid-base imbalance, intraoperative fluid management, selection of appropriate anesthetics, and monitoring of lactic acid levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Yong Lim
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Hyeon-Jeong Lee
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Eun Ji Park
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Soeun Jeon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Wangseok Do
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Hyae Jin Kim
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Dowon Lee
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Jeong-Min Hong
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
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9
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Tanner LM, Tynninen O, Piippo K, Puhakka AM. X-linked pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency due to a novel PDHA1 variant associated with structural brain abnormalities in a fetus. Prenat Diagn 2023; 43:730-733. [PMID: 37160702 DOI: 10.1002/pd.6349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We report a case of pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 alpha subunit deficiency associated with a novel hemizygous PDHA1 variant presenting prenatally as multiple structural brain abnormalities in a male fetus. A healthy Finnish couple was initially referred to the Fetomaternal Medical Center because of suspected fetal choroid plexus cyst at 11 + 2 weeks of pregnancy. At 20 + 0 weeks, multiple abnormalities were observed with ultrasound including narrow thorax, slightly enlarged heart, hypoplastic cerebellum, absent cerebellar vermis and ventriculomegaly. Autopsy and genetic analyses were performed after the termination of pregnancy. The findings of macroscopic examination included cleft palate, abnormally overlapping position of fingers and toes and dysmorphic facial features. Neuropathological examination confirmed the absence of corpus callosum, cerebellar hypoplasia and ventriculomegaly. Nodular neuronal heterotopia was also observed. Trio exome sequencing revealed a novel hemizygous de novo variant c.1144C>T p.(Gln382*) in the PDHA1 gene, classified as likely pathogenic. We suggest that inherited metabolic disorders should be kept in mind as differential diagnoses in fetuses with structural brain abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Tanner
- Division of Genetics and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Clinical Genetics, HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Fetomaternal Medical Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Tynninen
- Department of Pathology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kirsi Piippo
- Division of Genetics and Clinical Pharmacology, Laboratory of Genetics, HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti M Puhakka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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10
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Arribas-Carreira L, Dallabona C, Swanson MA, Farris J, Østergaard E, Tsiakas K, Hempel M, Aquaviva-Bourdain C, Koutsoukos S, Stence NV, Magistrati M, Spector EB, Kronquist K, Christensen M, Karstensen HG, Feichtinger RG, Achleitner MT, Lawrence Merritt II J, Pérez B, Ugarte M, Grünewald S, Riela AR, Julve N, Arnoux JB, Haldar K, Donnini C, Santer R, Lund AM, Mayr JA, Rodriguez-Pombo P, Van Hove JLK. Pathogenic variants in GCSH encoding the moonlighting H-protein cause combined nonketotic hyperglycinemia and lipoate deficiency. Hum Mol Genet 2023; 32:917-933. [PMID: 36190515 PMCID: PMC9990993 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining protein lipoylation is vital for cell metabolism. The H-protein encoded by GCSH has a dual role in protein lipoylation required for bioenergetic enzymes including pyruvate dehydrogenase and 2-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, and in the one-carbon metabolism through its involvement in glycine cleavage enzyme system, intersecting two vital roles for cell survival. Here, we report six patients with biallelic pathogenic variants in GCSH and a broad clinical spectrum ranging from neonatal fatal glycine encephalopathy to an attenuated phenotype of developmental delay, behavioral problems, limited epilepsy and variable movement problems. The mutational spectrum includes one insertion c.293-2_293-1insT, one deletion c.122_(228 + 1_229-1) del, one duplication of exons 4 and 5, one nonsense variant p.Gln76*and four missense p.His57Arg, p.Pro115Leu and p.Thr148Pro and the previously described p.Met1?. Via functional studies in patient's fibroblasts, molecular modeling, expression analysis in GCSH knockdown COS7 cells and yeast, and in vitro protein studies, we demonstrate for the first time that most variants identified in our cohort produced a hypomorphic effect on both mitochondrial activities, protein lipoylation and glycine metabolism, causing combined deficiency, whereas some missense variants affect primarily one function only. The clinical features of the patients reflect the impact of the GCSH changes on any of the two functions analyzed. Our analysis illustrates the complex interplay of functional and clinical impact when pathogenic variants affect a multifunctional protein involved in two metabolic pathways and emphasizes the value of the functional assays to select the treatment and investigate new personalized options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Arribas-Carreira
- Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CBM-CSIC, Departamento de Biología Molecular, Institute for Molecular Biology-IUBM, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, CIBERER, IDIPAZ, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Dallabona
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Michael A Swanson
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Joseph Farris
- Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Disease, and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
- Department of Biology, Saginaw Valley State University, University Center, MI, USA
| | - Elsebet Østergaard
- Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Departments of Clinical Genetics and Pediatrics, Rigshospitalet - Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Konstantinos Tsiakas
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maja Hempel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cecile Aquaviva-Bourdain
- Service Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, UM Pathologies Héréditaires du Métabolisme et du Globule Rouge, Centre de Biologie Est, CHU de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Stefanos Koutsoukos
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Martina Magistrati
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Elaine B Spector
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
- Molecular Genetics Lab, Precision DX, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kathryn Kronquist
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
- Molecular Genetics Lab, Precision DX, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Mette Christensen
- Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Departments of Clinical Genetics and Pediatrics, Rigshospitalet - Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helena G Karstensen
- Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Departments of Clinical Genetics and Pediatrics, Rigshospitalet - Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - René G Feichtinger
- University Children’s Hospital, Salzburger Landeskliniken (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), Salzburg, Austria
| | - Melanie T Achleitner
- University Children’s Hospital, Salzburger Landeskliniken (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Belén Pérez
- Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CBM-CSIC, Departamento de Biología Molecular, Institute for Molecular Biology-IUBM, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, CIBERER, IDIPAZ, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Magdalena Ugarte
- Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CBM-CSIC, Departamento de Biología Molecular, Institute for Molecular Biology-IUBM, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, CIBERER, IDIPAZ, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Natalia Julve
- Department of Pediatrics, IMED Valencia Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jean-Baptiste Arnoux
- Centre de Reference des Maladies Hereditaires, Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Kasturi Haldar
- Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Disease, and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Claudia Donnini
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - René Santer
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Allan M Lund
- Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Departments of Clinical Genetics and Pediatrics, Rigshospitalet - Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johannes A Mayr
- University Children’s Hospital, Salzburger Landeskliniken (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), Salzburg, Austria
| | - Pilar Rodriguez-Pombo
- Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CBM-CSIC, Departamento de Biología Molecular, Institute for Molecular Biology-IUBM, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, CIBERER, IDIPAZ, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Johan L K Van Hove
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
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Abstract
Leigh syndrome, or subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy, was initially recognized as a neuropathological entity in 1951. Bilateral symmetrical lesions, typically extending from the basal ganglia and thalamus through brainstem structures to the posterior columns of the spinal cord, are characterized microscopically by capillary proliferation, gliosis, severe neuronal loss, and relative preservation of astrocytes. Leigh syndrome is a pan-ethnic disorder usually with onset in infancy or early childhood, but late-onset forms occur, including in adult life. Over the last six decades it has emerged that this complex neurodegenerative disorder encompasses more than 100 separate monogenic disorders associated with enormous clinical and biochemical heterogeneity. This chapter discusses clinical, biochemical and neuropathological aspects of the disorder, and postulated pathomechanisms. Known genetic causes, including defects of 16 mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genes and approaching 100 nuclear genes, are categorized into disorders of subunits and assembly factors of the five oxidative phosphorylation enzymes, disorders of pyruvate metabolism and vitamin and cofactor transport and metabolism, disorders of mtDNA maintenance, and defects of mitochondrial gene expression, protein quality control, lipid remodeling, dynamics, and toxicity. An approach to diagnosis is presented, together with known treatable causes and an overview of current supportive management options and emerging therapies on the horizon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamima Rahman
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom; Metabolic Medicine Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom.
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12
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Paredes-Fuentes AJ, Oliva C, Urreizti R, Yubero D, Artuch R. Laboratory testing for mitochondrial diseases: biomarkers for diagnosis and follow-up. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2023; 60:270-289. [PMID: 36694353 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2023.2166013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The currently available biomarkers generally lack the specificity and sensitivity needed for the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with mitochondrial diseases (MDs). In this group of rare genetic disorders (mutations in approximately 350 genes associated with MDs), all clinical presentations, ages of disease onset and inheritance types are possible. Blood, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid surrogates are well-established biomarkers that are used in clinical practice to assess MD. One of the main challenges is validating specific and sensitive biomarkers for the diagnosis of disease and prediction of disease progression. Profiling of lactate, amino acids, organic acids, and acylcarnitine species is routinely conducted to assess MD patients. New biomarkers, including some proteins and circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA, with increased diagnostic specificity have been identified in the last decade and have been proposed as potentially useful in the assessment of clinical outcomes. Despite these advances, even these new biomarkers are not sufficiently specific and sensitive to assess MD progression, and new biomarkers that indicate MD progression are urgently needed to monitor the success of novel therapeutic strategies. In this report, we review the mitochondrial biomarkers that are currently analyzed in clinical laboratories, new biomarkers, an overview of the most common laboratory diagnostic techniques, and future directions regarding targeted versus untargeted metabolomic and genomic approaches in the clinical laboratory setting. Brief descriptions of the current methodologies are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham J Paredes-Fuentes
- Division of Inborn Errors of Metabolism-IBC, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clara Oliva
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roser Urreizti
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Delia Yubero
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Genetic and Molecular Medicine-IPER, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Artuch
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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13
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Erro R, Magrinelli F, Bhatia KP. Paroxysmal movement disorders: Paroxysmal dyskinesia and episodic ataxia. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2023; 196:347-365. [PMID: 37620078 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-98817-9.00033-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Paroxysmal movement disorders have traditionally been classified into paroxysmal dyskinesia (PxD), which consists in attacks of involuntary movements (mainly dystonia and/or chorea) without loss of consciousness, and episodic ataxia (EA), which features spells of cerebellar dysfunction with or without interictal neurological manifestations. In this chapter, PxD will be discussed first according to the trigger-based classification, thus reviewing clinical, genetic, and molecular features of paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia, paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesia, and paroxysmal exercise-induced dyskinesia. EA will be presented thereafter according to their designated gene or genetic locus. Clinicogenetic similarities among paroxysmal movement disorders have progressively emerged, which are herein highlighted along with growing evidence that their pathomechanisms overlap those of epilepsy and migraine. Advances in our comprehension of the biological pathways underlying paroxysmal movement disorders, which involve ion channels as well as proteins associated with the vesical synaptic cycle or implicated in neuronal energy metabolism, may represent the cornerstone for defining a shared pathophysiologic framework and developing target-specific therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Erro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", Neuroscience Section, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
| | - Francesca Magrinelli
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kailash P Bhatia
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
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14
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Priestley JR, Pace LM, Sen K, Aggarwal A, Alves CAP, Campbell IM, Cuddapah SR, Engelhardt NM, Eskandar M, Jolín García PC, Gropman A, Helbig I, Hong X, Gowda VK, Lusk L, Trapane P, Srinivasan VM, Suwannarat P, Ganetzky RD. Malate dehydrogenase 2 deficiency is an emerging cause of pediatric epileptic encephalopathy with a recognizable biochemical signature. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2022; 33:100931. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2022.100931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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15
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Broxton CN, Kaur P, Lavorato M, Ganesh S, Xiao R, Mathew ND, Nakamaru-Ogiso E, Anderson VE, Falk MJ. Dichloroacetate and thiamine improve survival and mitochondrial stress in a C. elegans model of dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase deficiency. JCI Insight 2022; 7:156222. [PMID: 36278487 PMCID: PMC9714793 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.156222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLD) deficiency is a recessive mitochondrial disorder caused by depletion of DLD from α-ketoacid dehydrogenase complexes. Caenorhabditis elegans animal models of DLD deficiency generated by graded feeding of dld-1(RNAi) revealed that full or partial reduction of DLD-1 expression recapitulated increased pyruvate levels typical of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency and significantly altered animal survival and health, with reductions in brood size, adult length, and neuromuscular function. DLD-1 deficiency dramatically increased mitochondrial unfolded protein stress response induction and adaptive mitochondrial proliferation. While ATP levels were reduced, respiratory chain enzyme activities and in vivo mitochondrial membrane potential were not significantly altered. DLD-1 depletion directly correlated with the induction of mitochondrial stress and impairment of worm growth and neuromuscular function. The safety and efficacy of dichloroacetate, thiamine, riboflavin, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR), l-carnitine, and lipoic acid supplemental therapies empirically used for human DLD disease were objectively evaluated by life span and mitochondrial stress response studies. Only dichloroacetate and thiamine showed individual and synergistic therapeutic benefits. Collectively, these C. elegans dld-1(RNAi) animal model studies demonstrate the translational relevance of preclinical modeling of disease mechanisms and therapeutic candidates. Results suggest that clinical trials are warranted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of dichloroacetate and thiamine in human DLD disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chynna N. Broxton
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Prabhjot Kaur
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Manuela Lavorato
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Smruthi Ganesh
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Neal D. Mathew
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Eiko Nakamaru-Ogiso
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Vernon E. Anderson
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marni J. Falk
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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16
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Pânzaru MC, Popa S, Lupu A, Gavrilovici C, Lupu VV, Gorduza EV. Genetic heterogeneity in corpus callosum agenesis. Front Genet 2022; 13:958570. [PMID: 36246626 PMCID: PMC9562966 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.958570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The corpus callosum is the largest white matter structure connecting the two cerebral hemispheres. Agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC), complete or partial, is one of the most common cerebral malformations in humans with a reported incidence ranging between 1.8 per 10,000 livebirths to 230–600 per 10,000 in children and its presence is associated with neurodevelopmental disability. ACC may occur as an isolated anomaly or as a component of a complex disorder, caused by genetic changes, teratogenic exposures or vascular factors. Genetic causes are complex and include complete or partial chromosomal anomalies, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive or X-linked monogenic disorders, which can be either de novo or inherited. The extreme genetic heterogeneity, illustrated by the large number of syndromes associated with ACC, highlight the underlying complexity of corpus callosum development. ACC is associated with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic to neonatal death. The most common features are epilepsy, motor impairment and intellectual disability. The understanding of the genetic heterogeneity of ACC may be essential for the diagnosis, developing early intervention strategies, and informed family planning. This review summarizes our current understanding of the genetic heterogeneity in ACC and discusses latest discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica-Cristina Pânzaru
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Setalia Popa
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
- *Correspondence: Setalia Popa, ; Vasile Valeriu Lupu,
| | - Ancuta Lupu
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Cristina Gavrilovici
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Vasile Valeriu Lupu
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
- *Correspondence: Setalia Popa, ; Vasile Valeriu Lupu,
| | - Eusebiu Vlad Gorduza
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
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17
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Dietary Treatments for Epilepsy. Neurol Clin 2022; 40:785-797. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ncl.2022.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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18
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Liu X, Zhang L, Zhang W. Metabolic reprogramming: A novel metabolic model for pulmonary hypertension. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:957524. [PMID: 36093148 PMCID: PMC9458918 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.957524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension, or PAH, is a condition that is characterized by pulmonary artery pressures above 20 mmHg (at rest). In the treatment of PAH, the pulmonary vascular system is regulated to ensure a diastolic and contraction balance; nevertheless, this treatment does not prevent or reverse pulmonary vascular remodeling and still causes pulmonary hypertension to progress. According to Warburg, the link between metabolism and proliferation in PAH is similar to that of cancer, with a common aerobic glycolytic phenotype. By activating HIF, aerobic glycolysis is enhanced and cell proliferation is triggered. Aside from glutamine metabolism, the Randle cycle is also present in PAH. Enhanced glutamine metabolism replenishes carbon intermediates used by glycolysis and provides energy to over-proliferating and anti-apoptotic pulmonary vascular cells. By activating the Randle cycle, aerobic oxidation is enhanced, ATP is increased, and myocardial injury is reduced. PAH is predisposed by epigenetic dysregulation of DNA methylation, histone acetylation, and microRNA. This article discusses the abnormal metabolism of PAH and how metabolic therapy can be used to combat remodeling.
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19
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Burns W, Chaudhari BP, Haffner DN. Neurogenetic and Metabolic Mimics of Common Neonatal Neurological Disorders. Semin Pediatr Neurol 2022; 42:100972. [PMID: 35868729 DOI: 10.1016/j.spen.2022.100972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Neurogenetic and metabolic diseases often present in the neonatal period, masquerading as other disorders, most commonly as neonatal encephalopathy and seizures. Advancements in our understanding of inborn errors of metabolism are leading to an increasing number of therapeutic options. Many of these treatments can improve long-term neurodevelopment and seizure control. However, the treatments are frequently condition-specific. A high index of suspicion is required for prompt identification and treatment. When suspected, simultaneous metabolic and molecular testing are recommended along with concurrent treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Burns
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH.
| | - Bimal P Chaudhari
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH; Division of Neonatology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH; Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Darrah N Haffner
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH; Division of Neurology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
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20
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Ducich NH, Mears JA, Bedoyan JK. Solvent accessibility of E1α and E1β residues with known missense mutations causing pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) deficiency: Impact on PDC-E1 structure and function. J Inherit Metab Dis 2022; 45:557-570. [PMID: 35038180 PMCID: PMC9297371 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency is a major cause of primary lactic acidemia resulting in high morbidity and mortality, with limited therapeutic options. PDHA1 mutations are responsible for >82% of cases. The E1 component of PDC is a symmetric dimer of heterodimers (αβ/α'β') encoded by PDHA1 and PDHB. We measured solvent accessibility surface area (SASA), utilized nearest-neighbor analysis, incorporated sequence changes using mutagenesis tool in PyMOL, and performed molecular modeling with SWISS-MODEL, to investigate the impact of residues with disease-causing missense variants (DMVs) on E1 structure and function. We reviewed 166 and 13 genetically resolved cases due to PDHA1 and PDHB, respectively, from variant databases. We expanded on 102 E1α and 13 E1β nonduplicate DMVs. DMVs of E1α Arg112-Arg224 stretch (exons 5-7) and of E1α Arg residues constituted 40% and 39% of cases, respectively, with invariant Arg349 accounting for 22% of arginine replacements. SASA analysis showed that 86% and 84% of residues with nonduplicate DMVs of E1α and E1β, respectively, are solvent inaccessible ("buried"). Furthermore, 30% of E1α buried residues with DMVs are deleterious through perturbation of subunit-subunit interface contact (SSIC), with 73% located in the Arg112-Arg224 stretch. E1α Arg349 represented 74% of buried E1α Arg residues involved in SSIC. Structural perturbations resulting from residue replacements in some matched neighboring pairs of amino acids on different subunits involved in SSIC at 2.9-4.0 Å interatomic distance apart, exhibit similar clinical phenotype. Collectively, this work provides insight for future target-based advanced molecular modeling studies, with implications for development of novel therapeutics for specific recurrent DMVs of E1α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole H. Ducich
- Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jason A. Mears
- Department of Pharmacology, CWRU, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Center for Mitochondrial Diseases, CWRU, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jirair K. Bedoyan
- Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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21
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Danileviciute E, Zeng N, Capelle CM, Paczia N, Gillespie MA, Kurniawan H, Benzarti M, Merz MP, Coowar D, Fritah S, Vogt Weisenhorn DM, Gomez Giro G, Grusdat M, Baron A, Guerin C, Franchina DG, Léonard C, Domingues O, Delhalle S, Wurst W, Turner JD, Schwamborn JC, Meiser J, Krüger R, Ranish J, Brenner D, Linster CL, Balling R, Ollert M, Hefeng FQ. PARK7/DJ-1 promotes pyruvate dehydrogenase activity and maintains T reg homeostasis during ageing. Nat Metab 2022; 4:589-607. [PMID: 35618940 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00576-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) is the gatekeeper enzyme of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Here we show that the deglycase DJ-1 (encoded by PARK7, a key familial Parkinson's disease gene) is a pacemaker regulating PDH activity in CD4+ regulatory T cells (Treg cells). DJ-1 binds to PDHE1-β (PDHB), inhibiting phosphorylation of PDHE1-α (PDHA), thus promoting PDH activity and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Park7 (Dj-1) deletion impairs Treg survival starting in young mice and reduces Treg homeostatic proliferation and cellularity only in aged mice. This leads to increased severity in aged mice during the remission of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Dj-1 deletion also compromises differentiation of inducible Treg cells especially in aged mice, and the impairment occurs via regulation of PDHB. These findings provide unforeseen insight into the complicated regulatory machinery of the PDH complex. As Treg homeostasis is dysregulated in many complex diseases, the DJ-1-PDHB axis represents a potential target to maintain or re-establish Treg homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egle Danileviciute
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Ni Zeng
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Christophe M Capelle
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Nicole Paczia
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | | | - Henry Kurniawan
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Mohaned Benzarti
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Cancer Metabolism Group, Department of Cancer Research, LIH, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Myriam P Merz
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Djalil Coowar
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Sabrina Fritah
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Cancer Research, LIH, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Daniela Maria Vogt Weisenhorn
- Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Developmental Genetics, Neuherberg, Germany
- Technische Universität München-Weihenstephan, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany
| | - Gemma Gomez Giro
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Melanie Grusdat
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Alexandre Baron
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Coralie Guerin
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Davide G Franchina
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Cathy Léonard
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Olivia Domingues
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Sylvie Delhalle
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Wolfgang Wurst
- Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Developmental Genetics, Neuherberg, Germany
- Technische Universität München-Weihenstephan, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Jonathan D Turner
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | | | - Johannes Meiser
- Cancer Metabolism Group, Department of Cancer Research, LIH, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Rejko Krüger
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
- Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Transversal Translational Medicine, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Jeff Ranish
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Dirk Brenner
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Carole L Linster
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Rudi Balling
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
- Institute of Molecular Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Markus Ollert
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Feng Q Hefeng
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg.
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
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22
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Solmonson A, Faubert B, Gu W, Rao A, Cowdin MA, Menendez-Montes I, Kelekar S, Rogers TJ, Pan C, Guevara G, Tarangelo A, Zacharias LG, Martin-Sandoval MS, Do D, Pachnis P, Dumesnil D, Mathews TP, Tasdogan A, Pham A, Cai L, Zhao Z, Ni M, Cleaver O, Sadek HA, Morrison SJ, DeBerardinis RJ. Compartmentalized metabolism supports midgestation mammalian development. Nature 2022; 604:349-353. [PMID: 35388219 PMCID: PMC9007737 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04557-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian embryogenesis requires rapid growth and proper metabolic regulation1. Midgestation features increasing oxygen and nutrient availability concomitant with fetal organ development2,3. Understanding how metabolism supports development requires approaches to observe metabolism directly in model organisms in utero. Here we used isotope tracing and metabolomics to identify evolving metabolic programmes in the placenta and embryo during midgestation in mice. These tissues differ metabolically throughout midgestation, but we pinpointed gestational days (GD) 10.5-11.5 as a transition period for both placenta and embryo. Isotope tracing revealed differences in carbohydrate metabolism between the tissues and rapid glucose-dependent purine synthesis, especially in the embryo. Glucose's contribution to the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle rises throughout midgestation in the embryo but not in the placenta. By GD12.5, compartmentalized metabolic programmes are apparent within the embryo, including different nutrient contributions to the TCA cycle in different organs. To contextualize developmental anomalies associated with Mendelian metabolic defects, we analysed mice deficient in LIPT1, the enzyme that activates 2-ketoacid dehydrogenases related to the TCA cycle4,5. LIPT1 deficiency suppresses TCA cycle metabolism during the GD10.5-GD11.5 transition, perturbs brain, heart and erythrocyte development and leads to embryonic demise by GD11.5. These data document individualized metabolic programmes in developing organs in utero.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Solmonson
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Brandon Faubert
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Wen Gu
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Aparna Rao
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Mitzy A Cowdin
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ivan Menendez-Montes
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Sherwin Kelekar
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Thomas J Rogers
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Chunxiao Pan
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Gerardo Guevara
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Amy Tarangelo
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Lauren G Zacharias
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Misty S Martin-Sandoval
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Duyen Do
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Panayotis Pachnis
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Dennis Dumesnil
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Thomas P Mathews
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Alpaslan Tasdogan
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen and German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - An Pham
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ling Cai
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Zhiyu Zhao
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Min Ni
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ondine Cleaver
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Hesham A Sadek
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Sean J Morrison
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ralph J DeBerardinis
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA. .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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23
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Jakkamsetti V, Ma Q, Pascual JM. A subset of synaptic transmission events is coupled to acetyl coenzyme A production. J Neurophysiol 2022; 127:623-636. [PMID: 35080429 PMCID: PMC8897004 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00200.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological principles sustain the inference that synaptic function is coupled to neural metabolism, but the precise relationship between these two activities is not known. For example, it is unclear whether all synaptic transmission events are uniformly dependent on metabolic flux. Most synapses use glutamate, and the principal metabolic function of the brain is glucose oxidation, which starts with glycolysis. Thus, we asked how glutamatergic synaptic currents are modified by partial deficiency of the main glycolytic enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), which generates the intermediary metabolism product acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA). Using brain slices obtained from mice that were genetically modified to harbor a behaviorally relevant degree of PDH suppression, we also asked whether such impact is indeed metabolic via the bypassing of PDH with a glycolysis-independent acetyl-CoA substrate. We analyzed spontaneous synaptic currents under recording conditions that minimize artificial metabolic augmentation. Principal component analysis identified synaptic charge transfer as the major difference between a subset of wild-type and PDH-deficiency (PDHD) postsynaptic currents. This was due to reduced charge transfer as well as diminished current rise and decay times. The alternate acetyl-CoA source acetate rapidly restored these features but only for events of large amplitude as revealed by correlational and kernel density analyses. Application of tetrodotoxin to block large-amplitude events evoked by action potentials removed synaptic event charge transfer and decay-time differences between wild-type and PDHD neurons. These results suggest that glucose metabolic flux and excitatory transmission are intimately coupled for synaptic events characterized by large current amplitude.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In all tissues, metabolism and excitation are coupled but the details of this relationship remain elusive. Using a brain-targeted genetic approach in mice, reduction of pyruvate dehydrogenase, a major gateway in glucose metabolism, leads to changes that affect the synaptic event charge associated primarily with large excitatory (i.e., glutamate mediated) synaptic potentials. This can be modified in the direction of normal using the alternative fuel acetate, indicating that this phenomenon depends on rapid metabolic flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Jakkamsetti
- 1Rare Brain Disorders Program, Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Qian Ma
- 1Rare Brain Disorders Program, Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Juan M. Pascual
- 1Rare Brain Disorders Program, Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas,2Department of Physiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas,3Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas,4Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth & Development/Center for Human Genetics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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24
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Inui T, Wada Y, Shibuya M, Arai-Ichinoi N, Okubo Y, Endo W, Uchida T, Togashi N, Naito E, Haginoya K. Intravenous ketogenic diet therapy for neonatal-onset pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency. Brain Dev 2022; 44:244-248. [PMID: 34863613 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2021.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC) deficiency is an inborn error of metabolism that causes lactic acidosis and neurodevelopmental changes. Five causative genes have been identified: PDHA1, PDHB, DLAT, DLD, and PDHX. Four neurological phenotypes have been reported: neonatal encephalopathy with lactic acidosis, non-progressive infantile encephalopathy, Leigh syndrome, and relapsing ataxia. Of these, neonatal encephalopathy has the worst mortality and morbidity and there is no effective treatment. SUBJECTS AND METHODS We studied two girls who were clinically diagnosed with PDHC deficiency as neonates; they were subsequently found to have PDHA1 mutations. The clinical diagnosis was based on white matter loss and a lateral ventricular septum on fetal MRI, spasticity of the lower extremities, and lactic acidosis worsening after birth. Intravenous ketogenic diets were started within 24 h after birth. The ketogenic ratio was increased until the blood lactate level was controlled, while monitoring for side effects. RESULTS In both cases, the lactic acidosis improved immediately with no apparent side effects. Both children had better developmental outcomes than previously reported cases; neither exhibited epilepsy. CONCLUSIONS Intravenous ketogenic diet therapy is a treatment option for neonatal-onset PDHC deficiency. Further studies are needed to optimize this therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiko Inui
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Miyagi Children's Hospital, Miyagi, Japan.
| | - Yoichi Wada
- Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Moriei Shibuya
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Miyagi Children's Hospital, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Natsuko Arai-Ichinoi
- Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukimune Okubo
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Miyagi Children's Hospital, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Wakaba Endo
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Miyagi Children's Hospital, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Uchida
- Department of Neonatology, Miyagi Children's Hospital, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Noriko Togashi
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Miyagi Children's Hospital, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Etsuo Naito
- Department of Pediatrics, Japanese Red Cross Tokushima Hinomine Rehabilitation Center for People with Disabilities, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Haginoya
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Miyagi Children's Hospital, Miyagi, Japan
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25
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Sang C, Philbert SA, Hartland D, Unwin RD, Dowsey AW, Xu J, Cooper GJS. Coenzyme A-Dependent Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Enzymes Are Decreased in Alzheimer's Disease Consistent With Cerebral Pantothenate Deficiency. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:893159. [PMID: 35754968 PMCID: PMC9232186 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.893159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sporadic Alzheimer's disease (sAD) is the commonest cause of age-related neurodegeneration and dementia globally, and a leading cause of premature disability and death. To date, the quest for a disease-modifying therapy for sAD has failed, probably reflecting our incomplete understanding of aetiology and pathogenesis. Drugs that target aggregated Aβ/tau are ineffective, and metabolic defects are now considered to play substantive roles in sAD pathobiology. We tested the hypothesis that the recently identified, pervasive cerebral deficiency of pantothenate (vitamin B5) in sAD, might undermine brain energy metabolism by impairing levels of tricarboxylic acid (TCA)-cycle enzymes and enzyme complexes, some of which require the pantothenate-derived cofactor, coenzyme A (CoA) for their normal functioning. We applied proteomics to measure levels of the multi-subunit TCA-cycle enzymes and their cytoplasmic homologues. We analysed six functionally distinct brain regions from nine sAD cases and nine controls, measuring 33 cerebral proteins that comprise the nine enzymes of the mitochondrial-TCA cycle. Remarkably, we found widespread perturbations affecting only two multi-subunit enzymes and two enzyme complexes, whose function is modulated, directly or indirectly by CoA: pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, isocitrate dehydrogenase, 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex, and succinyl-CoA synthetase. The sAD cases we studied here displayed widespread deficiency of pantothenate, the obligatory precursor of CoA. Therefore, deficient cerebral pantothenate can damage brain-energy metabolism in sAD, at least in part through impairing levels of these four mitochondrial-TCA-cycle enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal Sang
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sasha A. Philbert
- Centre for Advanced Discovery & Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Danielle Hartland
- Centre for Advanced Discovery & Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Richard. D Unwin
- Stoller Biomarker Discovery Centre & Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew W. Dowsey
- Department of Population Health Sciences and Bristol Veterinary School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jingshu Xu
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Garth J. S. Cooper
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Centre for Advanced Discovery & Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Garth J. S. Cooper
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26
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Jakkamsetti V, Balasubramaniam S, Grover N, Pascual JM. Mitochondrial disease manifestations in relation to transcriptome location and function. Mol Genet Metab 2022; 135:82-92. [PMID: 34972656 PMCID: PMC8858018 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2021.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Localization within the nervous system provides context for neurological disease manifestations and treatment, with numerous disease mechanisms exhibiting predilect locations. In contrast, the molecular function of most disease-causing genes is generally considered dissociated from such brain regional correlations because most genes are expressed throughout the brain. We tested the factual basis for this dissociation by discerning between two distinct genetic disease mechanism possibilities: One, gene-specific, in which genetic disorders are poorly localizable because they are multiform at the molecular level, with each mutant gene acting more widely or complexly than via mere loss or gain of one function. The other, more general, where aspects shared by groups of genes such as membership in a gene set that sustains a concerted biological process accounts for a common or localizable phenotype. We analyzed mitochondrial substrate disorders as a paradigm of apparently heterogeneous diseases when considered from the point of view of their manifestations and individual function of their causal genes. We used publicly available transcriptomes, disease phenotypes published in peer-reviewed journals and Human Ontology classifications for 27 mitochondrial substrate metabolism diseases and analyzed if these disorders manifest common phenotypes and if this relates to common brain regions or cells as demarcated by their transcriptome. The most frequent phenotypic manifestations and brain structures involved were almost stereotypic regardless of the individual gene affected, correlating with the regional abundance of the transcriptome that served mitochondrial substrate metabolism. This also applied to the transcriptome of inhibitory neurons, which are dysfunctional in some mitochondrial diseases. This stands in contrast with resistance to dementia atrophy from other causes, which is known to also associate with greater expression of a similar fraction of the transcriptome. The results suggest that brain region or cell type dysfunction stemming from a broad process such as mitochondrial substrate metabolism is more relevant for disease manifestations than individual gene participation in specific molecular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Jakkamsetti
- Rare Brain Disorders Program, Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Seema Balasubramaniam
- Independent scholar, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Nidhi Grover
- Independent scholar, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Juan M Pascual
- Rare Brain Disorders Program, Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Physiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth & Development / Center for Human Genetics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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27
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Chen W, Sun X, Zhan L, Zhou W, Bi T. Conditional Knockout of Pdha1 in Mouse Hippocampus Impairs Cognitive Function: The Possible Involvement of Lactate. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:767560. [PMID: 34720870 PMCID: PMC8552971 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.767560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Neurodegenerative diseases are associated with metabolic disturbances. Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit alpha (PDHA1) is an essential component in the process of glucose metabolism, and its deficiency exists in various diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), epilepsy, Leigh’s syndrome, and diabetes-associated cognitive decline. However, the exact role of PDHA1 deficiency in neurodegenerative diseases remains to be elucidated. In this study, we explored the effect of PDHA1 deficiency on cognitive function and its molecular mechanism. Methods: A hippocampus-specific Pdha1 knockout (Pdha1–/–) mouse model was established, and behavioral tests were used to evaluate the cognitive function of mice. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was performed to observe the morphological changes of the hippocampus. The lactate level in the hippocampus was measured. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blotting were used to explore the possible mechanism of the effect of PDHA1 on cognition. Results:Pdha1 knockout damaged the spatial memory of mice and led to the ultrastructural disorder of hippocampal neurons. Lactate accumulation and abnormal lactate transport occurred in Pdha1–/– mice, and the cyclic AMP-protein kinase A-cAMP response element-binding protein (cAMP/PKA/CREB) pathway was inhibited. Conclusion: Lactate accumulation caused by PDHA1 deficiency in the hippocampus may impair cognitive function by inhibiting the cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanxin Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine & School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoxia Sun
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine & School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Libin Zhan
- Centre for Innovative Engineering Technology in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Wen Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine & School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting Bi
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine & School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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28
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Leigh syndrome-like MRI changes in a patient with biallelic HPDL variants treated with ketogenic diet. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2021; 29:100800. [PMID: 34522618 PMCID: PMC8427265 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2021.100800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Biallelic 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase-like protein (HPDL) variants were recently reported as a cause of progressive and incurable neurodegenerative diseases ranging from neonatal-onset leukoencephalopathy with severe neurodevelopmental delay to spastic paraplegia. Although the physiological function of HPDL remains unknown, its subcellular localization in the mitochondria has been reported. Here, we report a case of HPDL-related neurological disease that was clinically and neuroimaging compatible with Leigh syndrome, previously unreported, and was treated with a ketogenic diet.
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29
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Zaganas I, Vorgia P, Spilioti M, Mathioudakis L, Raissaki M, Ilia S, Giorgi M, Skoula I, Chinitrakis G, Michaelidou K, Paraskevoulakos E, Grafakou O, Kariniotaki C, Psyllou T, Zafeiris S, Tzardi M, Briassoulis G, Dinopoulos A, Mitsias P, Evangeliou A. Genetic cause of epilepsy in a Greek cohort of children and young adults with heterogeneous epilepsy syndromes. Epilepsy Behav Rep 2021; 16:100477. [PMID: 34568804 PMCID: PMC8449081 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebr.2021.100477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a cohort of 10 unrelated Greek patients (4 females, 6 males; median age 6.5 years, range 2-18 years) with heterogeneous epilepsy syndromes with a genetic basis. In these patients, causative genetic variants, including two novel ones, were identified in 9 known epilepsy-related genes through whole exome sequencing. A patient with glycine encephalopathy was a compound heterozygote for the p.Arg222Cys and the p.Ser77Leu AMT variant. A patient affected with Lafora disease carried the homozygous p.Arg171His EPM2A variant. A de novo heterozygous variant in the GABRG2 gene (p.Pro282Thr) was found in one patient and a pathogenic variant in the GRIN2B gene (p.Gly820Val) in another patient. Infantile-onset lactic acidosis with seizures was associated with the p.Arg446Ter PDHX gene variant in one patient. In two additional epilepsy patients, the p.Ala1662Val and the novel non-sense p.Phe1330Ter SCN1A gene variants were found. Finally, in 3 patients we observed a novel heterozygous missense variant in SCN2A (p.Ala1874Thr), a heterozygous splice site variant in SLC2A1 (c.517-2A>G), as a cause of Glut1 deficiency syndrome, and a pathogenic variant in STXBP1 (p.Arg292Leu), respectively. In half of our cases (patients with variants in the GRIN2B, SCN1A, SCN2A and SLC2A1 genes), a genetic cause with potential management implications was identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Zaganas
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Neurology Department, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Pelagia Vorgia
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Martha Spilioti
- AHEPA General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Lambros Mathioudakis
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Maria Raissaki
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Stavroula Ilia
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | | | - Irene Skoula
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | | | - Kleita Michaelidou
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | | | - Olga Grafakou
- Pediatric Department, Venizelion General Hospital, Heraklio, Crete, Greece
| | - Chariklia Kariniotaki
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Thekla Psyllou
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Spiros Zafeiris
- Neurology Department, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Maria Tzardi
- Pathology Department, Medical School, University of Crete, Greece
| | - George Briassoulis
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | | | - Panayiotis Mitsias
- Neurology Department, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital/Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Athanasios Evangeliou
- Papageorgiou General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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30
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Yang Y, Cheng Z, Zhang W, Hei W, Lu C, Cai C, Zhao Y, Gao P, Guo X, Cao G, Li B. GOT1 regulates adipocyte differentiation by altering NADPH content. Anim Biosci 2021; 35:155-165. [PMID: 34474530 PMCID: PMC8738948 DOI: 10.5713/ab.21.0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study was performed to examine whether the porcine glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 1 (GOT1) gene has important functions in regulating adipocyte differentiation. Methods Porcine GOT1 knockout and overexpression vectors were constructed and transfected into the mouse adipogenic 3T3-L1 cells. Lipid droplets levels were measured after 8 days of differentiation. The mechanisms through which GOT1 participated in lipid deposition were examined by measuring the expression of malate dehydrogenase 1 (MDH1) and malic enzyme (ME1) and the cellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) content. Results GOT1 knockout significantly decreased lipid deposition in the 3T3-L1 cells (p< 0.01), whereas GOT1 overexpression significantly increased lipid accumulation (p<0.01). At the same time, GOT1 knockout significantly decreased the NADPH content and the expression of MDH1 and ME1 in the 3T3-L1 cells. Overexpression of GOT1 significantly increased the NADPH content and the expression of MDH1 and ME1, suggesting that GOT1 regulated adipocyte differentiation by altering the NADPH content. Conclusion The results preliminarily revealed the effector mechanisms of GOT1 in regulating adipose differentiation. Thus, a theoretical basis is provided for improving the quality of pork and studies on diseases associated with lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Zhimin Cheng
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China.,Shanxi Academy of Advanced Research and Innovation, Taiyuan 030032, China
| | - Wanfeng Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Wei Hei
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Chang Lu
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Chunbo Cai
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Pengfei Gao
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Xiaohong Guo
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Guoqing Cao
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Bugao Li
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
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31
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Bakare AB, Lesnefsky EJ, Iyer S. Leigh Syndrome: A Tale of Two Genomes. Front Physiol 2021; 12:693734. [PMID: 34456746 PMCID: PMC8385445 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.693734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Leigh syndrome is a rare, complex, and incurable early onset (typically infant or early childhood) mitochondrial disorder with both phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity. The heterogeneous nature of this disorder, based in part on the complexity of mitochondrial genetics, and the significant interactions between the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes has made it particularly challenging to research and develop therapies. This review article discusses some of the advances that have been made in the field to date. While the prognosis is poor with no current substantial treatment options, multiple studies are underway to understand the etiology, pathogenesis, and pathophysiology of Leigh syndrome. With advances in available research tools leading to a better understanding of the mitochondria in health and disease, there is hope for novel treatment options in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajibola B. Bakare
- Department of Biological Sciences, J. William Fulbright College of Arts and Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Edward J. Lesnefsky
- Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
- Department of Physiology/Biophysics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Shilpa Iyer
- Department of Biological Sciences, J. William Fulbright College of Arts and Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
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32
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Gonçalves FG, Alves CAPF, Heuer B, Peterson J, Viaene AN, Reis Teixeira S, Martín-Saavedra JS, Andronikou S, Goldstein A, Vossough A. Primary Mitochondrial Disorders of the Pediatric Central Nervous System: Neuroimaging Findings. Radiographics 2021; 40:2042-2067. [PMID: 33136487 DOI: 10.1148/rg.2020200052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Primary mitochondrial disorders (PMDs) constitute the most common cause of inborn errors of metabolism in children, and they frequently affect the central nervous system. Neuroimaging findings of PMDs are variable, ranging from unremarkable and nonspecific to florid and highly suggestive. An overview of PMDs, including a synopsis of the basic genetic concepts, main clinical symptoms, and neuropathologic features, is presented. In addition, eight of the most common PMDs that have a characteristic imaging phenotype in children are reviewed in detail. Online supplemental material is available for this article. ©RSNA, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrício Guimarães Gonçalves
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology (F.G.G., C.A.P.F.A., S.R.T., J.S.M.S., S.A., A.V.), Department of Pathology (A.N.V.), and Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics (B.H., J.P., A.G.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4399; and Departments of Pediatrics (A.G.) and Radiology (S.A., A.V.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine (A.N.V.), Philadelphia, Pa
| | - César Augusto Pinheiro Ferreira Alves
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology (F.G.G., C.A.P.F.A., S.R.T., J.S.M.S., S.A., A.V.), Department of Pathology (A.N.V.), and Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics (B.H., J.P., A.G.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4399; and Departments of Pediatrics (A.G.) and Radiology (S.A., A.V.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine (A.N.V.), Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Beth Heuer
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology (F.G.G., C.A.P.F.A., S.R.T., J.S.M.S., S.A., A.V.), Department of Pathology (A.N.V.), and Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics (B.H., J.P., A.G.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4399; and Departments of Pediatrics (A.G.) and Radiology (S.A., A.V.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine (A.N.V.), Philadelphia, Pa
| | - James Peterson
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology (F.G.G., C.A.P.F.A., S.R.T., J.S.M.S., S.A., A.V.), Department of Pathology (A.N.V.), and Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics (B.H., J.P., A.G.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4399; and Departments of Pediatrics (A.G.) and Radiology (S.A., A.V.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine (A.N.V.), Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Angela N Viaene
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology (F.G.G., C.A.P.F.A., S.R.T., J.S.M.S., S.A., A.V.), Department of Pathology (A.N.V.), and Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics (B.H., J.P., A.G.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4399; and Departments of Pediatrics (A.G.) and Radiology (S.A., A.V.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine (A.N.V.), Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Sara Reis Teixeira
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology (F.G.G., C.A.P.F.A., S.R.T., J.S.M.S., S.A., A.V.), Department of Pathology (A.N.V.), and Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics (B.H., J.P., A.G.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4399; and Departments of Pediatrics (A.G.) and Radiology (S.A., A.V.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine (A.N.V.), Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Juan Sebastián Martín-Saavedra
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology (F.G.G., C.A.P.F.A., S.R.T., J.S.M.S., S.A., A.V.), Department of Pathology (A.N.V.), and Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics (B.H., J.P., A.G.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4399; and Departments of Pediatrics (A.G.) and Radiology (S.A., A.V.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine (A.N.V.), Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Savvas Andronikou
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology (F.G.G., C.A.P.F.A., S.R.T., J.S.M.S., S.A., A.V.), Department of Pathology (A.N.V.), and Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics (B.H., J.P., A.G.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4399; and Departments of Pediatrics (A.G.) and Radiology (S.A., A.V.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine (A.N.V.), Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Amy Goldstein
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology (F.G.G., C.A.P.F.A., S.R.T., J.S.M.S., S.A., A.V.), Department of Pathology (A.N.V.), and Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics (B.H., J.P., A.G.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4399; and Departments of Pediatrics (A.G.) and Radiology (S.A., A.V.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine (A.N.V.), Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Arastoo Vossough
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology (F.G.G., C.A.P.F.A., S.R.T., J.S.M.S., S.A., A.V.), Department of Pathology (A.N.V.), and Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics (B.H., J.P., A.G.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4399; and Departments of Pediatrics (A.G.) and Radiology (S.A., A.V.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine (A.N.V.), Philadelphia, Pa
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Park JM, Harrison CE, Ma J, Chen J, Ratnakar J, Zun Z, Liticker J, Reed GD, Chhabra A, Haller RG, Jue T, Malloy CR. Hyperpolarized 13C MR Spectroscopy Depicts in Vivo Effect of Exercise on Pyruvate Metabolism in Human Skeletal Muscle. Radiology 2021; 300:626-632. [PMID: 34156298 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2021204500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) and lactate dehydrogenase are essential for adenosine triphosphate production in skeletal muscle. At the onset of exercise, oxidation of glucose and glycogen is quickly enabled by dephosphorylation of PDH. However, direct measurement of PDH flux in exercising human muscle is daunting, and the net effect of covalent modification and other control mechanisms on PDH flux has not been assessed. Purpose To demonstrate the feasibility of assessing PDH activation and changes in pyruvate metabolism in human skeletal muscle after the onset of exercise using carbon 13 (13C) MRI with hyperpolarized (HP) [1-13C]-pyruvate. Materials and Methods For this prospective study, sedentary adults in good general health (mean age, 42 years ± 18 [standard deviation]; six men) were recruited from August 2019 to September 2020. Subgroups of the participants were injected with HP [1-13C]-pyruvate at resting, during plantar flexion exercise, or 5 minutes after exercise during recovery. In parallel, hydrogen 1 arterial spin labeling MRI was performed to estimate muscle tissue perfusion. An unpaired t test was used for comparing 13C data among the states. Results At rest, HP [1-13C]-lactate and [1-13C]-alanine were detected in calf muscle, but [13C]-bicarbonate was negligible. During moderate flexion-extension exercise, total HP 13C signals (tC) increased 2.8-fold because of increased muscle perfusion (P = .005), and HP [1-13C]-lactate-to-tC ratio increased 1.7-fold (P = .04). HP [13C]-bicarbonate-to-tC ratio increased 8.4-fold (P = .002) and returned to the resting level 5 minutes after exercise, whereas the lactate-to-tC ratio continued to increase to 2.3-fold as compared with resting (P = .008). Conclusion Lactate and bicarbonate production from hyperpolarized (HP) [1-carbon 13 {13C}]-pyruvate in skeletal muscle rapidly reflected the onset and the termination of exercise. These results demonstrate the feasibility of imaging skeletal muscle metabolism using HP [1-13C]-pyruvate MRI and the sensitivity of in vivo pyruvate metabolism to exercise states. © RSNA, 2021 Online supplemental material is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Mo Park
- From the Advanced Imaging Research Center (J.M.P., C.E.H., J.M., J.C., J.R., J.L., G.D.R., A.C., C.R.M.), Department of Radiology (J.M.P., A.C., C.R.M.), Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics (R.G.H.), and Department of Internal Medicine (C.R.M.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390-8568; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Tex (J.M.P.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiology, Developing Brain Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (Z.Z.); Department of Pediatrics and Radiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC (Z.Z.); GE Healthcare, Dallas, Tex (G.D.R.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, Calif (T.J.); and Veterans Affairs North Texas Healthcare System, Dallas, Tex (C.R.M.)
| | - Crystal E Harrison
- From the Advanced Imaging Research Center (J.M.P., C.E.H., J.M., J.C., J.R., J.L., G.D.R., A.C., C.R.M.), Department of Radiology (J.M.P., A.C., C.R.M.), Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics (R.G.H.), and Department of Internal Medicine (C.R.M.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390-8568; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Tex (J.M.P.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiology, Developing Brain Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (Z.Z.); Department of Pediatrics and Radiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC (Z.Z.); GE Healthcare, Dallas, Tex (G.D.R.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, Calif (T.J.); and Veterans Affairs North Texas Healthcare System, Dallas, Tex (C.R.M.)
| | - Junjie Ma
- From the Advanced Imaging Research Center (J.M.P., C.E.H., J.M., J.C., J.R., J.L., G.D.R., A.C., C.R.M.), Department of Radiology (J.M.P., A.C., C.R.M.), Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics (R.G.H.), and Department of Internal Medicine (C.R.M.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390-8568; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Tex (J.M.P.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiology, Developing Brain Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (Z.Z.); Department of Pediatrics and Radiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC (Z.Z.); GE Healthcare, Dallas, Tex (G.D.R.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, Calif (T.J.); and Veterans Affairs North Texas Healthcare System, Dallas, Tex (C.R.M.)
| | - Jun Chen
- From the Advanced Imaging Research Center (J.M.P., C.E.H., J.M., J.C., J.R., J.L., G.D.R., A.C., C.R.M.), Department of Radiology (J.M.P., A.C., C.R.M.), Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics (R.G.H.), and Department of Internal Medicine (C.R.M.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390-8568; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Tex (J.M.P.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiology, Developing Brain Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (Z.Z.); Department of Pediatrics and Radiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC (Z.Z.); GE Healthcare, Dallas, Tex (G.D.R.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, Calif (T.J.); and Veterans Affairs North Texas Healthcare System, Dallas, Tex (C.R.M.)
| | - James Ratnakar
- From the Advanced Imaging Research Center (J.M.P., C.E.H., J.M., J.C., J.R., J.L., G.D.R., A.C., C.R.M.), Department of Radiology (J.M.P., A.C., C.R.M.), Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics (R.G.H.), and Department of Internal Medicine (C.R.M.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390-8568; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Tex (J.M.P.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiology, Developing Brain Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (Z.Z.); Department of Pediatrics and Radiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC (Z.Z.); GE Healthcare, Dallas, Tex (G.D.R.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, Calif (T.J.); and Veterans Affairs North Texas Healthcare System, Dallas, Tex (C.R.M.)
| | - Zungho Zun
- From the Advanced Imaging Research Center (J.M.P., C.E.H., J.M., J.C., J.R., J.L., G.D.R., A.C., C.R.M.), Department of Radiology (J.M.P., A.C., C.R.M.), Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics (R.G.H.), and Department of Internal Medicine (C.R.M.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390-8568; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Tex (J.M.P.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiology, Developing Brain Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (Z.Z.); Department of Pediatrics and Radiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC (Z.Z.); GE Healthcare, Dallas, Tex (G.D.R.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, Calif (T.J.); and Veterans Affairs North Texas Healthcare System, Dallas, Tex (C.R.M.)
| | - Jeff Liticker
- From the Advanced Imaging Research Center (J.M.P., C.E.H., J.M., J.C., J.R., J.L., G.D.R., A.C., C.R.M.), Department of Radiology (J.M.P., A.C., C.R.M.), Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics (R.G.H.), and Department of Internal Medicine (C.R.M.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390-8568; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Tex (J.M.P.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiology, Developing Brain Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (Z.Z.); Department of Pediatrics and Radiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC (Z.Z.); GE Healthcare, Dallas, Tex (G.D.R.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, Calif (T.J.); and Veterans Affairs North Texas Healthcare System, Dallas, Tex (C.R.M.)
| | - Galen D Reed
- From the Advanced Imaging Research Center (J.M.P., C.E.H., J.M., J.C., J.R., J.L., G.D.R., A.C., C.R.M.), Department of Radiology (J.M.P., A.C., C.R.M.), Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics (R.G.H.), and Department of Internal Medicine (C.R.M.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390-8568; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Tex (J.M.P.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiology, Developing Brain Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (Z.Z.); Department of Pediatrics and Radiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC (Z.Z.); GE Healthcare, Dallas, Tex (G.D.R.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, Calif (T.J.); and Veterans Affairs North Texas Healthcare System, Dallas, Tex (C.R.M.)
| | - Avneesh Chhabra
- From the Advanced Imaging Research Center (J.M.P., C.E.H., J.M., J.C., J.R., J.L., G.D.R., A.C., C.R.M.), Department of Radiology (J.M.P., A.C., C.R.M.), Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics (R.G.H.), and Department of Internal Medicine (C.R.M.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390-8568; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Tex (J.M.P.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiology, Developing Brain Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (Z.Z.); Department of Pediatrics and Radiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC (Z.Z.); GE Healthcare, Dallas, Tex (G.D.R.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, Calif (T.J.); and Veterans Affairs North Texas Healthcare System, Dallas, Tex (C.R.M.)
| | - Ronald G Haller
- From the Advanced Imaging Research Center (J.M.P., C.E.H., J.M., J.C., J.R., J.L., G.D.R., A.C., C.R.M.), Department of Radiology (J.M.P., A.C., C.R.M.), Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics (R.G.H.), and Department of Internal Medicine (C.R.M.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390-8568; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Tex (J.M.P.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiology, Developing Brain Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (Z.Z.); Department of Pediatrics and Radiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC (Z.Z.); GE Healthcare, Dallas, Tex (G.D.R.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, Calif (T.J.); and Veterans Affairs North Texas Healthcare System, Dallas, Tex (C.R.M.)
| | - Thomas Jue
- From the Advanced Imaging Research Center (J.M.P., C.E.H., J.M., J.C., J.R., J.L., G.D.R., A.C., C.R.M.), Department of Radiology (J.M.P., A.C., C.R.M.), Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics (R.G.H.), and Department of Internal Medicine (C.R.M.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390-8568; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Tex (J.M.P.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiology, Developing Brain Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (Z.Z.); Department of Pediatrics and Radiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC (Z.Z.); GE Healthcare, Dallas, Tex (G.D.R.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, Calif (T.J.); and Veterans Affairs North Texas Healthcare System, Dallas, Tex (C.R.M.)
| | - Craig R Malloy
- From the Advanced Imaging Research Center (J.M.P., C.E.H., J.M., J.C., J.R., J.L., G.D.R., A.C., C.R.M.), Department of Radiology (J.M.P., A.C., C.R.M.), Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics (R.G.H.), and Department of Internal Medicine (C.R.M.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390-8568; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Tex (J.M.P.); Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiology, Developing Brain Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC (Z.Z.); Department of Pediatrics and Radiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC (Z.Z.); GE Healthcare, Dallas, Tex (G.D.R.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, Calif (T.J.); and Veterans Affairs North Texas Healthcare System, Dallas, Tex (C.R.M.)
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Danti FR, Invernizzi F, Moroni I, Garavaglia B, Nardocci N, Zorzi G. Pediatric Paroxysmal Exercise-Induced Neurological Symptoms: Clinical Spectrum and Diagnostic Algorithm. Front Neurol 2021; 12:658178. [PMID: 34140924 PMCID: PMC8203909 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.658178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Paroxysmal exercise-induced neurological symptoms (PENS) encompass a wide spectrum of clinical phenomena commonly presenting during childhood and characteristically elicited by physical exercise. Interestingly, few shared pathogenetic mechanisms have been identified beyond the well-known entity of paroxysmal exercise-induced dyskinesia, PENS could be part of more complex phenotypes including neuromuscular, neurodegenerative, and neurometabolic disease, epilepsies, and psychogenetic disorders. The wide and partially overlapping phenotypes and the genetic heterogeneity make the differential diagnosis frequently difficult and delayed; however, since some of these disorders may be treatable, a prompt diagnosis is mandatory. Therefore, an accurate characterization of these symptoms is pivotal for orienting more targeted biochemical, radiological, neurophysiological, and genetic investigations and finally treatment. In this article, we review the clinical, genetic, pathophysiologic, and therapeutic landscape of paroxysmal exercise induced neurological symptoms, focusing on phenomenology and differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Rachele Danti
- Unit of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatric Neuroscience, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Invernizzi
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Isabella Moroni
- Unit of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatric Neuroscience, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Garavaglia
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Nardo Nardocci
- Unit of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatric Neuroscience, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Zorzi
- Unit of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatric Neuroscience, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
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Sen K, Grahame G, Bedoyan JK, Gropman AL. Novel presentations associated with a PDHA1 variant - Alternating hemiplegia in Hemizygote proband and Guillain Barre Syndrome in Heterozygote mother. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2021; 31:27-30. [PMID: 33592356 PMCID: PMC9745742 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We report a 5-year-old male with a PDHA1 variant who presented with alternating hemiplegia of childhood and later developed developmental regression, basal ganglia injury and episodic lactic acidosis. Enzyme assay in lymphocytes confirmed a diagnosis of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex (PDC) deficiency. His mother who was heterozygous for the same variant suffered from ophthalmoplegia, chronic migraine and developed flaccid paralysis at 36 years of age. PDHA1 is the most common genetic cause of PDC deficiency and presents with a myriad of neurological phenotypes including neonatal form with lactic acidosis, non-progressive infantile encephalopathy, Leigh syndrome subtype and intermittent ataxia. The presentations in our 2 patients contribute to the clinical heterogeneity of this neurogenetic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuntal Sen
- Division of Neurogenetics and Developmental Pediatrics, Children's National Hospital, Washington DC, USA.
| | - George Grahame
- Center for Inherited Disorders of Energy Metabolism, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jirair K Bedoyan
- Center for Inherited Disorders of Energy Metabolism, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
| | - Andrea L Gropman
- Division of Neurogenetics and Developmental Pediatrics, Children's National Hospital, Washington DC, USA
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Pavlu-Pereira H, Lousa D, Tomé CS, Florindo C, Silva MJ, de Almeida IT, Leandro P, Rivera I, Vicente JB. Structural and functional impact of clinically relevant E1α variants causing pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency. Biochimie 2021; 183:78-88. [PMID: 33588022 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetyl-coenzyme A, hinging glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. PDC deficiency, an inborn error of metabolism, has a broad phenotypic spectrum. Symptoms range from fatal lactic acidosis or progressive neuromuscular impairment in the neonatal period, to chronic neurodegeneration. Most disease-causing mutations in PDC deficiency affect the PDHA1 gene, encoding the α subunit of the PDC-E1 component. Detailed biophysical analysis of pathogenic protein variants is a challenging approach to support the design of therapies based on improving and correcting protein structure and function. Herein, we report the characterization of clinically relevant PDC-E1α variants identified in Portuguese PDC deficient patients. These variants bear amino acid substitutions in different structural regions of PDC-E1α. The structural and functional analyses of recombinant heterotetrameric (αα'ββ') PDC-E1 variants, combined with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, show a limited impact of the amino acid changes on the conformational stability, apart from the increased propensity for aggregation of the p.R253G variant as compared to wild-type PDC-E1. However, all variants presented a functional impairment in terms of lower residual PDC-E1 enzymatic activity and ≈3-100 × lower affinity for the thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) cofactor, in comparison with wild-type PDC-E1. MD simulations neatly showed generally decreased stability (increased flexibility) of all variants with respect to the WT heterotetramer, particularly in the TPP binding region. These results are discussed in light of disease severity of the patients bearing such mutations and highlight the difficulty of developing chaperone-based therapies for PDC deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Pavlu-Pereira
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa) and Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Diana Lousa
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Catarina S Tomé
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa) and Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Cristina Florindo
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa) and Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria João Silva
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa) and Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Isabel Tavares de Almeida
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa) and Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paula Leandro
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa) and Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Isabel Rivera
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa) and Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - João B Vicente
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal.
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Prasun P. Triheptanoin in Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Deficiency. JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1714069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Prasun
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
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Frankovsky J, Vozáriková V, Nosek J, Tomáška Ľ. Mitochondrial protein phosphorylation in yeast revisited. Mitochondrion 2021; 57:148-162. [PMID: 33412333 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is one of the best-known post-translational modifications occurring in all domains of life. In eukaryotes, protein phosphorylation affects all cellular compartments including mitochondria. High-throughput techniques of mass spectrometry combined with cell fractionation and biochemical methods yielded thousands of phospho-sites on hundreds of mitochondrial proteins. We have compiled the information on mitochondrial protein kinases and phosphatases and their substrates in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and provide the current state-of-the-art overview of mitochondrial protein phosphorylation in this model eukaryote. Using several examples, we describe emerging features of the yeast mitochondrial phosphoproteome and present challenges lying ahead in this exciting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Frankovsky
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Veronika Vozáriková
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Nosek
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ľubomír Tomáška
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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39
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Gavrilovici C, Rho JM. Metabolic epilepsies amenable to ketogenic therapies: Indications, contraindications, and underlying mechanisms. J Inherit Metab Dis 2021; 44:42-53. [PMID: 32654164 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic epilepsies arise in the context of rare inborn errors of metabolism (IEM), notably glucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome, succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency, pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency, nonketotic hyperglycinemia, and mitochondrial cytopathies. A common feature of these disorders is impaired bioenergetics, which through incompletely defined mechanisms result in a wide spectrum of neurological symptoms, such as epileptic seizures, developmental delay, and movement disorders. The ketogenic diet (KD) has been successfully utilized to treat such conditions to varying degrees. While the mechanisms underlying the clinical efficacy of the KD in IEM remain unclear, it is likely that the proposed heterogeneous targets influenced by the KD work in concert to rectify or ameliorate the downstream negative consequences of genetic mutations affecting key metabolic enzymes and substrates-such as oxidative stress and cell death. These beneficial effects can be broadly grouped into restoration of impaired bioenergetics and synaptic dysfunction, improved redox homeostasis, anti-inflammatory, and epigenetic activity. Hence, it is conceivable that the KD might prove useful in other metabolic disorders that present with epileptic seizures. At the same time, however, there are notable contraindications to KD use, such as fatty acid oxidation disorders. Clearly, more research is needed to better characterize those metabolic epilepsies that would be amenable to ketogenic therapies, both experimentally and clinically. In the end, the expanded knowledge base will be critical to designing metabolism-based treatments that can afford greater clinical efficacy and tolerability compared to current KD approaches, and improved long-term outcomes for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cezar Gavrilovici
- Departments of Neurosciences and Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Jong M Rho
- Departments of Neurosciences and Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California, USA
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40
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Lee J, Oh S, Bhattacharya S, Zhang Y, Florens L, Washburn MP, Workman JL. The plasticity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex confers a labile structure that is associated with its catalytic activity. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243489. [PMID: 33370314 PMCID: PMC7769281 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) is a multienzyme complex that plays a key role in energy metabolism by converting pyruvate to acetyl-CoA. An increase of nuclear PDC has been shown to be correlated with an increase of histone acetylation that requires acetyl-CoA. PDC has been reported to form a ~ 10 MDa macromolecular machine that is proficient in performing sequential catalytic reactions via its three components. In this study, we show that the PDC displays size versatility in an ionic strength-dependent manner using size exclusion chromatography of yeast cell extracts. Biochemical analysis in combination with mass spectrometry indicates that yeast PDC (yPDC) is a salt-labile complex that dissociates into sub-megadalton individual components even under physiological ionic strength. Interestingly, we find that each oligomeric component of yPDC displays a larger size than previously believed. In addition, we show that the mammalian PDC also displays this uncommon characteristic of salt-lability, although it has a somewhat different profile compared to yeast. We show that the activity of yPDC is reduced in higher ionic strength. Our results indicate that the structure of PDC may not always maintain its ~ 10 MDa organization, but is rather variable. We propose that the flexible nature of PDC may allow modulation of its activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehyoun Lee
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Seunghee Oh
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Saikat Bhattacharya
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Ying Zhang
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Laurence Florens
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Michael P. Washburn
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Jerry L. Workman
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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41
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Oh J, Koo C, Kim KW, Lee JS. Potential role of stress-induced gluconeogenesis in disease aggravation and mortality in pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency: A case-based hypothesis. Med Hypotheses 2020; 146:110432. [PMID: 33303308 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) deficiency is an inherited metabolic disorder caused by a defect in any subunit of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC), which has an essential role in glucose metabolism. The causes of disease progression in PDH deficiency are not fully understood yet. Based on repeated observations of a patient with PDH deficiency at our center, we hypothesized that stress-induced gluconeogenesis contributes to rapid exacerbation of the disease. This link has not been established previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoung Oh
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children's Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chungmo Koo
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children's Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Won Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Sung Lee
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children's Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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42
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Peralta S, Pinto M, Arguello T, Garcia S, Diaz F, Moraes CT. Metformin delays neurological symptom onset in a mouse model of neuronal complex I deficiency. JCI Insight 2020; 5:141183. [PMID: 33148885 PMCID: PMC7710273 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.141183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex I (also known as NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase) deficiency is the most frequent mitochondrial disorder present in childhood. NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase iron-sulfur protein 3 (NDUFS3) is a catalytic subunit of the mitochondrial complex I; NDUFS3 is conserved from bacteria and essential for complex I function. Mutations affecting complex I, including in the Ndufs3 gene, cause fatal neurodegenerative diseases, such as Leigh syndrome. No treatment is available for these conditions. We developed and performed a detailed molecular characterization of a neuron-specific Ndufs3 conditional KO mouse model. We showed that deletion of Ndufs3 in forebrain neurons reduced complex I activity, altered brain energy metabolism, and increased locomotor activity with impaired motor coordination, balance, and stereotyped behavior. Metabolomics analyses showed an increase of glycolysis intermediates, suggesting an adaptive response to the complex I defect. Administration of metformin to these mice delayed the onset of the neurological symptoms but not of neuronal loss. This improvement was likely related to enhancement of glucose uptake and utilization, which are known effects of metformin in the brain. Despite reports that metformin inhibits complex I activity, our findings did not show worsening a complex I defect nor increases in lactic acid, suggesting that metformin should be further evaluated for use in patients with mitochondrial encephalopathies. Metformin delays onset of mitochondrial encephalopathy in a CNS model of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation defect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Carlos T Moraes
- Department of Neurology and.,Department of Cell Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
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Bedoyan JK, Hage R, Shin HK, Linard S, Ferren E, Ducich N, Wilson K, Lehman A, Schillaci L, Manickam K, Mori M, Bartholomew D, DeBrosse S, Cohen B, Parikh S, Kerr D. Utility of specific amino acid ratios in screening for pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiencies and other mitochondrial disorders associated with congenital lactic acidosis and newborn screening prospects. JIMD Rep 2020; 56:70-81. [PMID: 33204598 PMCID: PMC7653239 DOI: 10.1002/jmd2.12153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiencies (PDCDs) and other mitochondrial disorders (MtDs) can (a) result in congenital lactic acidosis with elevations of blood alanine (Ala) and proline (Pro), (b) lead to decreased ATP production, and (c) result in high morbidity and mortality. With ~140,000 live births annually in Ohio and ~1 in 9,000 overall prevalence of MtDs, we estimate 2 to 3 newborns will have PDCD and 13 to 14 others likely will have another MtD annually. We compared the sensitivities of plasma amino acids (AA) Alanine (Ala), Alanine:Leucine (Ala:Leu), Alanine:Lysine and the combination of Ala:Leu and Proline:Leucine (Pro:Leu), in subjects with known primary-specific PDCD due to PDHA1 and PDHB mutations vs controls. Furthermore, in collaboration with the Ohio newborn screening (NBS) laboratory, we determined Ala and Pro concentrations in dried blood spot (DBS) specimens using existing NBS analytic approaches and evaluated Ala:Leu and Pro:Leu ratios from DBS specimens of 123,414 Ohio newborns in a 12-month period. We used the combined Ala:Leu ≥4.0 and Pro:Leu ≥3.0 ratio criterion from both DBS and plasma specimens as a screening tool in our retrospective review of newborn data. The screening tool applied on DBS and/or plasma (or serum) AA specimens successfully identified three unrelated females with novel de novo PDHA1 mutations, one male with a novel de novo X-linked HSD17B10 mutation, and a female with VARS2 mutations. This work lays the first step for piloting an NBS protocol in Ohio for identifying newborns at high risk for primary-specific PDCD and other MtDs who might benefit from neonatal diagnosis and early institution of known therapy and/or potential novel therapies for such disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirair K. Bedoyan
- Departments of Genetics and Genome SciencesCase Western Reserve University (CWRU)ClevelandOhioUSA
- PediatricsCWRUClevelandOhioUSA
- Center for Human GeneticsUniversity Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center (UHCMC)ClevelandOhioUSA
- Center for Inherited Disorders of Energy Metabolism (CIDEM)UHCMCClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Rosemary Hage
- Newborn Screening and Radiation ChemistryOhio Department of Health LaboratoryColumbusOhioUSA
| | | | - Sharon Linard
- Newborn Screening and Radiation ChemistryOhio Department of Health LaboratoryColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Edwin Ferren
- PediatricsCWRUClevelandOhioUSA
- Center for Human GeneticsUniversity Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center (UHCMC)ClevelandOhioUSA
| | | | | | - April Lehman
- Nationwide Children's Hospital (NCH) and The Ohio State University College of MedicineSection of Genetic and Genomic MedicineColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Lori‐Anne Schillaci
- Departments of Genetics and Genome SciencesCase Western Reserve University (CWRU)ClevelandOhioUSA
- PediatricsCWRUClevelandOhioUSA
- Center for Human GeneticsUniversity Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center (UHCMC)ClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Kandamurugu Manickam
- Nationwide Children's Hospital (NCH) and The Ohio State University College of MedicineSection of Genetic and Genomic MedicineColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Mari Mori
- Nationwide Children's Hospital (NCH) and The Ohio State University College of MedicineSection of Genetic and Genomic MedicineColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Dennis Bartholomew
- Nationwide Children's Hospital (NCH) and The Ohio State University College of MedicineSection of Genetic and Genomic MedicineColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Suzanne DeBrosse
- Departments of Genetics and Genome SciencesCase Western Reserve University (CWRU)ClevelandOhioUSA
- PediatricsCWRUClevelandOhioUSA
- Center for Human GeneticsUniversity Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center (UHCMC)ClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Bruce Cohen
- Department of PediatricsAkron Children's Hospital (ACH) Rebecca D. Considine Research InstituteAkronOhioUSA
- Northeast Ohio Medical UniversityRootstownOhioUSA
| | - Sumit Parikh
- The Cleveland Clinic Foundation (CCF), Neurosciences InstituteClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Douglas Kerr
- PediatricsCWRUClevelandOhioUSA
- Center for Inherited Disorders of Energy Metabolism (CIDEM)UHCMCClevelandOhioUSA
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44
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Pavlu-Pereira H, Silva MJ, Florindo C, Sequeira S, Ferreira AC, Duarte S, Rodrigues AL, Janeiro P, Oliveira A, Gomes D, Bandeira A, Martins E, Gomes R, Soares S, Tavares de Almeida I, Vicente JB, Rivera I. Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency: updating the clinical, metabolic and mutational landscapes in a cohort of Portuguese patients. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2020; 15:298. [PMID: 33092611 PMCID: PMC7579914 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-020-01586-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) catalyzes the irreversible decarboxylation of pyruvate into acetyl-CoA. PDC deficiency can be caused by alterations in any of the genes encoding its several subunits. The resulting phenotype, though very heterogeneous, mainly affects the central nervous system. The aim of this study is to describe and discuss the clinical, biochemical and genotypic information from thirteen PDC deficient patients, thus seeking to establish possible genotype-phenotype correlations. RESULTS The mutational spectrum showed that seven patients carry mutations in the PDHA1 gene encoding the E1α subunit, five patients carry mutations in the PDHX gene encoding the E3 binding protein, and the remaining patient carries mutations in the DLD gene encoding the E3 subunit. These data corroborate earlier reports describing PDHA1 mutations as the predominant cause of PDC deficiency but also reveal a notable prevalence of PDHX mutations among Portuguese patients, most of them carrying what seems to be a private mutation (p.R284X). The biochemical analyses revealed high lactate and pyruvate plasma levels whereas the lactate/pyruvate ratio was below 16; enzymatic activities, when compared to control values, indicated to be independent from the genotype and ranged from 8.5% to 30%, the latter being considered a cut-off value for primary PDC deficiency. Concerning the clinical features, all patients displayed psychomotor retardation/developmental delay, the severity of which seems to correlate with the type and localization of the mutation carried by the patient. The therapeutic options essentially include the administration of a ketogenic diet and supplementation with thiamine, although arginine aspartate intake revealed to be beneficial in some patients. Moreover, in silico analysis of the missense mutations present in this PDC deficient population allowed to envisage the molecular mechanism underlying these pathogenic variants. CONCLUSION The identification of the disease-causing mutations, together with the functional and structural characterization of the mutant protein variants, allow to obtain an insight on the severity of the clinical phenotype and the selection of the most appropriate therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Pavlu-Pereira
- Metabolism and Genetics Group, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria João Silva
- Metabolism and Genetics Group, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cristina Florindo
- Metabolism and Genetics Group, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Sequeira
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital D. Estefânia, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Sofia Duarte
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital D. Estefânia, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Patrícia Janeiro
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Daniel Gomes
- Department of Medicine, Hospital Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Anabela Bandeira
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Santo António, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Roseli Gomes
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Sérgia Soares
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Isabel Tavares de Almeida
- Metabolism and Genetics Group, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João B Vicente
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, NOVA University of Lisbon, Av. da República (Estação Agronómica Nacional), 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal.
| | - Isabel Rivera
- Metabolism and Genetics Group, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal.
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
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45
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Forsberg BO, Aibara S, Howard RJ, Mortezaei N, Lindahl E. Arrangement and symmetry of the fungal E3BP-containing core of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4667. [PMID: 32938938 PMCID: PMC7494870 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18401-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) is a multienzyme complex central to aerobic respiration, connecting glycolysis to mitochondrial oxidation of pyruvate. Similar to the E3-binding protein (E3BP) of mammalian PDC, PX selectively recruits E3 to the fungal PDC, but its divergent sequence suggests a distinct structural mechanism. Here, we report reconstructions of PDC from the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa by cryo-electron microscopy, where we find protein X (PX) interior to the PDC core as opposed to substituting E2 core subunits as in mammals. Steric occlusion limits PX binding, resulting in predominantly tetrahedral symmetry, explaining previous observations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The PX-binding site is conserved in (and specific to) fungi, and complements possible C-terminal binding motifs in PX that are absent in mammalian E3BP. Consideration of multiple symmetries thus reveals a differential structural basis for E3BP-like function in fungal PDC. The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) is a multienzyme complex connecting glycolysis to mitochondrial oxidation of pyruvate. Cryo-EM analysis of PDC from Neurospora crassa reveals localization of fungi-specific protein X (PX) and confirms that it functions like the mammalian E3BP, recruiting the E3 component of PDC.
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Affiliation(s)
- B O Forsberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, 17165, Solna, Sweden
| | - S Aibara
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, 17165, Solna, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - R J Howard
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, 17165, Solna, Sweden
| | - N Mortezaei
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, 17165, Solna, Sweden.,Vironova AB, 11330, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - E Lindahl
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, 17165, Solna, Sweden. .,Department of Applied Physics, Swedish eScience Research Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 17168, Solna, Sweden.
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46
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Meldau S, Fratter C, Bhengu LN, Sergeant K, Khan K, Riordan GT, Berman PAM. Pitfalls of relying on genetic testing only to diagnose inherited metabolic disorders in non-western populations - 5 cases of pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency from South Africa. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2020; 24:100629. [PMID: 32742935 PMCID: PMC7387837 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2020.100629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC) deficiencies are a group of mainly infantile onset disorders stemming from defects in pyruvate catabolism. They are characterised by severe lactic acidosis and progressive neurodegeneration.Although the PDHA1 gene is implicated in most cases of PDHC deficiency worldwide, no pathogenic variants have been reported in South African patients to date, despite availability of PDHA1 sequencing in the state diagnostic setting. Methods DNA from five patients with low to absent PDHC activity in fibroblasts were subjected to PDHC deficiency gene panel analysis. Included in the panel were: PDHA1, PDHB, DLAT, DLD, PDHX, BOLA3, GLRX5, IBA57, LIAS, LIPT1, LIPT2, NFU1, PDP1, PDP2, SLC19A2, SLC19A3, SLC25A19, SLC25A26, TPK1 and FBXL4. Results No pathogenic variants were identified in 4 out of 5 cases investigated. A homozygous frame-shift mutation was detected in the BOLA3 gene in one patient, supporting a diagnosis of multiple mitochondrial dysfunction syndrome type 2. Discussion A single, novel, homozygous BOLA3 frame-shift mutation was detected in a black South African child with severe neurodegenerative disease and very low to absent PDHC enzyme activity. This finding of a homozygous mutation in a patient from a non-consanguineous background may indicate a need for further investigation in clinically similar cases as well as heterozygous carrier rates in unaffected individuals from the same ethnic background.The paucity of identifiable mutations in 4 out of 5 South African patients with confirmed PDHC deficiency highlights the dangers in relying on Western population based genetic panels for diagnosing rare metabolic disease in genetically understudied populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surita Meldau
- National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town (UCT), Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Carl Fratter
- Oxford Genetics Laboratories, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Louisa Ntombenhle Bhengu
- Department of Human Genetics, National Health Laboratory Service and School of Pathology, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Kate Sergeant
- Oxford Genetics Laboratories, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Kashief Khan
- National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gillian Tracy Riordan
- Paediatric Neurology Department of Paediatrics and Child Health Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Peter Allan Minham Berman
- National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town (UCT), Cape Town, South Africa
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Clinical and Genetic Overview of Paroxysmal Movement Disorders and Episodic Ataxias. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103603. [PMID: 32443735 PMCID: PMC7279391 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Paroxysmal movement disorders (PMDs) are rare neurological diseases typically manifesting with intermittent attacks of abnormal involuntary movements. Two main categories of PMDs are recognized based on the phenomenology: Paroxysmal dyskinesias (PxDs) are characterized by transient episodes hyperkinetic movement disorders, while attacks of cerebellar dysfunction are the hallmark of episodic ataxias (EAs). From an etiological point of view, both primary (genetic) and secondary (acquired) causes of PMDs are known. Recognition and diagnosis of PMDs is based on personal and familial medical history, physical examination, detailed reconstruction of ictal phenomenology, neuroimaging, and genetic analysis. Neurophysiological or laboratory tests are reserved for selected cases. Genetic knowledge of PMDs has been largely incremented by the advent of next generation sequencing (NGS) methodologies. The wide number of genes involved in the pathogenesis of PMDs reflects a high complexity of molecular bases of neurotransmission in cerebellar and basal ganglia circuits. In consideration of the broad genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity, a NGS approach by targeted panel for movement disorders, clinical or whole exome sequencing should be preferred, whenever possible, to a single gene approach, in order to increase diagnostic rate. This review is focused on clinical and genetic features of PMDs with the aim to (1) help clinicians to recognize, diagnose and treat patients with PMDs as well as to (2) provide an overview of genes and molecular mechanisms underlying these intriguing neurogenetic disorders.
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48
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Baskaran D, Hussain N. Facial Dysmorphism, Hirsutism, and Failure to Thrive as Manifestation of Leigh Syndrome in a Child with SURF1 Mutation. J Pediatr Neurosci 2020; 15:108-110. [PMID: 33042241 PMCID: PMC7519751 DOI: 10.4103/jpn.jpn_137_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Leigh syndrome (or subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder characterized by psychomotor retardation or regression, typically occurring in stepwise decrements. Onset is typically between ages 3 and 12 months. Neurological manifestations include hypotonia, spasticity, movement disorders (including chorea), cerebellar ataxia, and peripheral neuropathy, whereas extraneurological manifestations may include hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, hypertrichosis, anemia, renal tubulopathy, liver involvement, ptosis, and muscle weakness. Approximately 50% of affected individuals die by age 3 years, most often as a result of respiratory or cardiac failure. We report a case of 22-month-old female child presenting to us with severe failure to thrive, dysmorphic features, hirsutism, external ophthalmoplegia epilepsy, and neuroregression with characteristic findings of Leigh's syndrome on neuroimaging and her muscle biopsy revealed evidence of mitochondrial respiratory chain defect involving complex IV and SURF1 mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhinesh Baskaran
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, UK
| | - Nahin Hussain
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, UK
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Jakkamsetti V, Marin-Valencia I, Ma Q, Good LB, Terrill T, Rajasekaran K, Pichumani K, Khemtong C, Hooshyar MA, Sundarrajan C, Patel MS, Bachoo RM, Malloy CR, Pascual JM. Brain metabolism modulates neuronal excitability in a mouse model of pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency. Sci Transl Med 2020; 11:11/480/eaan0457. [PMID: 30787166 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aan0457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Glucose is the ultimate substrate for most brain activities that use carbon, including synthesis of the neurotransmitters glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid via mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Brain metabolism and neuronal excitability are thus interdependent. However, the principles that govern their relationship are not always intuitive because heritable defects of brain glucose metabolism are associated with the paradoxical coexistence, in the same individual, of episodic neuronal hyperexcitation (seizures) with reduced basal cerebral electrical activity. One such prototypic disorder is pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) deficiency (PDHD). PDH is central to metabolism because it steers most of the glucose-derived flux into the TCA cycle. To better understand the pathophysiology of PDHD, we generated mice with brain-specific reduced PDH activity that paralleled salient human disease features, including cerebral hypotrophy, decreased amplitude electroencephalogram (EEG), and epilepsy. The mice exhibited reductions in cerebral TCA cycle flux, glutamate content, spontaneous, and electrically evoked in vivo cortical field potentials and gamma EEG oscillation amplitude. Episodic decreases in gamma oscillations preceded most epileptiform discharges, facilitating their prediction. Fast-spiking neuron excitability was decreased in brain slices, contributing to in vivo action potential burst prolongation after whisker pad stimulation. These features were partially reversed after systemic administration of acetate, which augmented cerebral TCA cycle flux, glutamate-dependent synaptic transmission, inhibition and gamma oscillations, and reduced epileptiform discharge duration. Thus, our results suggest that dysfunctional excitability in PDHD is consequent to reduced oxidative flux, which leads to decreased neuronal activation and impaired inhibition, and can be mitigated by an alternative metabolic substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Jakkamsetti
- Rare Brain Disorders Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Isaac Marin-Valencia
- Rare Brain Disorders Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Qian Ma
- Rare Brain Disorders Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Levi B Good
- Rare Brain Disorders Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Tyler Terrill
- Rare Brain Disorders Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Karthik Rajasekaran
- Rare Brain Disorders Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Kumar Pichumani
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Chalermchai Khemtong
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - M Ali Hooshyar
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Chandrasekhar Sundarrajan
- Rare Brain Disorders Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Mulchand S Patel
- Department of Biochemistry, SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Robert M Bachoo
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Craig R Malloy
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Juan M Pascual
- Rare Brain Disorders Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA. .,Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth & Development / Center for Human Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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Zhu X, Long D, Zabalawi M, Ingram B, Yoza BK, Stacpoole PW, McCall CE. Stimulating pyruvate dehydrogenase complex reduces itaconate levels and enhances TCA cycle anabolic bioenergetics in acutely inflamed monocytes. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 107:467-484. [PMID: 31894617 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3a1119-236r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC)/pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) axis directs the universal survival principles of immune resistance and tolerance in monocytes by controlling anabolic and catabolic energetics. Immune resistance shifts to immune tolerance during inflammatory shock syndromes when inactivation of PDC by increased PDK activity disrupts the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle support of anabolic pathways. The transition from immune resistance to tolerance also diverts the TCA cycle from citrate-derived cis-aconitate to itaconate, a recently discovered catabolic mediator that separates the TCA cycle at isocitrate and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH). Itaconate inhibits succinate dehydrogenase and its anabolic role in mitochondrial ATP generation. We previously reported that inhibiting PDK in septic mice with dichloroacetate (DCA) increased TCA cycle activity, reversed septic shock, restored innate and adaptive immune and organ function, and increased survival. Here, using unbiased metabolomics in a monocyte culture model of severe acute inflammation that simulates sepsis reprogramming, we show that DCA-induced activation of PDC restored anabolic energetics in inflammatory monocytes while increasing TCA cycle intermediates, decreasing itaconate, and increasing amino acid anaplerotic catabolism of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs). Our study provides new mechanistic insight that the DCA-stimulated PDC homeostat reconfigures the TCA cycle and promotes anabolic energetics in monocytes by reducing levels of the catabolic mediator itaconate. It further supports the theory that PDC is an energy sensing and signaling homeostat that restores metabolic and energy fitness during acute inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Zhu
- Department of Internal Medicine/Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - David Long
- Department of Internal Medicine/Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Manal Zabalawi
- Department of Internal Medicine/Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Brian Ingram
- Metabolon, Inc., Morrisville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Barbara K Yoza
- Department of Surgery/General Surgery and Trauma, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Peter W Stacpoole
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Charles E McCall
- Department of Internal Medicine/Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
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