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Bourahla K, Lemmouchi Y, Jama C, Rolando C, Mazzah A. Grafting of amine functions on cellulose acetate fibers by branched polyethylenimine coating. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2021.105107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Hou K, Deng B, Liu A, Ran J. Measurement of harmful nanoparticle distribution among filters, smokers' respiratory systems, and surrounding air during cigarette smoking. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2021; 56:1058-1068. [PMID: 34353208 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2021.1962158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to investigate the filtration effect of filter on nanoparticle and the deposition behavior of nanoparticle in the human respiratory system from the aspect of nanoparticle number during cigarette smoking. For that, two kinds of experiments were designed. One is machine experiment, a well-controlled simulated respiratory system was designed to measure the raw emission and filter effect. Another is human experiment, volunteers were asked to inhale smoke into the oral cavity only and lungs, respectively, to distinguish smoke path. Results revealed that effective inhaled nanoparticle amount of a Taishan and a Hongtaishan cigarette were 5.8E + 9 (#) and 9.4E + 7 (#), respectively. The filter's integrated reduction rate was 41.65% for nanoparticle. For Taishan cigarette, 35.4% and 41.7% of raw emitted nanoparticles were deposited in the oral cavity and lungs, respectively, the rest of 22.9% was exhaled to surrounding air. The corresponding values were 25.6%, 41.5% and 32.9%, respectively, for Hongtaishan. The current findings are expected to provide basic assessments of filter effect and harm to human and to be a warning for smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaihong Hou
- College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Banglin Deng
- College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Aodong Liu
- College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiaqi Ran
- College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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Savareear B, Escobar-Arnanz J, Brokl M, Saxton MJ, Wright C, Liu C, Focant JF. Non-targeted analysis of the particulate phase of heated tobacco product aerosol and cigarette mainstream tobacco smoke by thermal desorption comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with dual flame ionisation and mass spectrometric detection. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1603:327-337. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Zirak MR, Mehri S, Karimani A, Zeinali M, Hayes AW, Karimi G. Mechanisms behind the atherothrombotic effects of acrolein, a review. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 129:38-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Reilly SM, Goel R, Trushin N, Bitzer ZT, Elias RJ, Muscat J, Richie JP. Effects of Charcoal on Carbonyl Delivery from Commercial, Research, and Make-Your-Own Cigarettes. Chem Res Toxicol 2018; 31:1339-1347. [PMID: 30426738 PMCID: PMC8323621 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Previous literature has shown that adding charcoal to cigarette filters can have varying effects on the delivery of toxic carbonyls depending on filter design, amount of charcoal, and puffing profiles. However, these studies have relied on either comparisons between commercially available charcoal and noncharcoal filtered cigarettes or experimental modification of filters to insert a charcoal plug into existing cellulose acetate filters. Make-your-own (MYO) cigarettes can help obviate many of the potential pitfalls of previous studies; thus, we conducted studies using commercial charcoal cigarettes and MYO cigarettes to determine the effects of charcoal on carbonyl delivery. To do this, we analyzed carbonyls in mainstream smoke by HPLC-UV after derivatization with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH). Charcoal was added in-line after the cigarettes or through the use of MYO charcoal cigarette tubes. MYO cigarettes had carbonyl deliveries similar to that of 3R4F research cigarette, regardless of tobacco type. The greatest effect on carbonyl delivery was observed with 200 mg of charcoal, significantly reducing all carbonyls under both methods tested. However, "on-tow" design charcoal filters, available on many commercially available charcoal brands, appeared to have a minimal effect on carbonyl delivery under intense smoking methods. Overall, we found that charcoal, when added in sufficient quantity (200 mg) as a plug, can substantially reduce carbonyl delivery for both MYO and conventional cigarettes. As carbonyls are related to negative health outcomes, such reductions may be associated with reductions in carbonyl-related harm in smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M. Reilly
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science (TCORS), Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - Reema Goel
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science (TCORS), Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - Neil Trushin
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science (TCORS), Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - Zachary T. Bitzer
- Department of Food Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16801, United States
| | - Ryan J. Elias
- Department of Food Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16801, United States
| | - Joshua Muscat
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science (TCORS), Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - John P. Richie
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science (TCORS), Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
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Yang G, Komaki Y, Ibuki Y. Aldehyde-mediated protein degradation is responsible for the inhibition of nucleotide excision repair by cigarette sidestream smoke. Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis 2018; 834:42-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Goel R, Bitzer ZT, Reilly SM, Bhangu G, Trushin N, Elias RJ, Foulds J, Muscat J, Richie JP. Effect of Charcoal in Cigarette Filters on Free Radicals in Mainstream Smoke. Chem Res Toxicol 2018; 31:745-751. [PMID: 29979036 PMCID: PMC6471497 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The addition of charcoal in cigarette filters may be an effective means of reducing many toxicants from tobacco smoke. Free radicals are a highly reactive class of oxidants abundant in cigarette smoke, and here we evaluated the effectiveness of charcoal to reduce free radical delivery by comparing radical yields from commercially available cigarettes with charcoal-infused filters to those without and by examining the effects of incorporating charcoal into conventional cigarette filters on radical production. Commercial cigarettes containing charcoal filters produced 40% fewer gas-phase radicals than did regular cellulose acetate filter cigarettes when smoked using the International Organization of Standardization (ISO, p = 0.07) and Canadian Intense (CI, p < 0.01) smoking protocols. While mean-particulate-phase radicals were 25-27% lower in charcoal cigarettes, differences from noncharcoal products were not significant ( p = 0.06-0.22). When cellulose acetate cigarette filters were modified to incorporate different types and amounts of activated charcoal, reductions in gas-phase (>70%), but not particulate-phase, radicals were observed. The reductions in gas-phase radicals were similar for the three types of charcoal. Decreases in radical production were dose-responsive with increasing amounts of charcoal (25-300 mg) with as little as 25 mg of activated charcoal reducing gas-phase radicals by 41%. In all studies, charcoal had less of an effect on nicotine delivery, which was decreased 33% at the maximal amount of charcoal tested (300 mg). Overall, these results support the potential consideration of charcoal in cigarette filters as a means to reduce exposure to toxic free radicals from cigarettes and other combustible tobacco products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reema Goel
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science (TCORS), Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - Zachary T. Bitzer
- Department of Food Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Samantha M. Reilly
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science (TCORS), Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - Gurkirat Bhangu
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science (TCORS), Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - Neil Trushin
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science (TCORS), Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - Ryan J. Elias
- Department of Food Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Jonathan Foulds
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science (TCORS), Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - Joshua Muscat
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science (TCORS), Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - John P. Richie
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science (TCORS), Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
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