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Yamashita S, Azuma K, Tanaka Y, Kimura S, Kiriyama A. Variations in the inner core affect the pharmacokinetics of indomethacin-encapsulated polymeric micelles. Int J Pharm 2024; 654:123933. [PMID: 38403090 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Hydrophobic ion pairing (HIP) is a drug encapsulation technology that uses electrostatic interactions between a drug and an additive. However, although polymeric micelles can encapsulate hydrophobic drugs in the core, the encapsulated drug often leaks. Therefore, we designed polymeric micelles with HIP functionalized in a hydrophobic inner core using three diblock copolymers comprising polypeptides with different ratios of polar and hydrophobic amino acids and polyethylene glycol (PEG) to encapsulate indomethacin (IND). The three IND-encapsulated HIP micelles showed different area under the curve (AUC) values as an index of blood retention after intravenous injection in mice. Despite having the same PEG shell, IND-PEG-poly(H/F)n showed a 1.56-fold higher AUC than IND-PEG-poly(D/F)n. PEG interface morphologies were evaluated to determine the differences in pharmacokinetic parameters caused by changes in inner core HIP patterns. The micellarized diblock copolymer was desorbed from IND-PEG-poly(D/F)n due to electrostatic repulsion between IND and the diblock copolymer comprising aspartic acid. Our results suggest that changes in the HIP patterns of the micelle inner core affected the PEG interface morphologies, such as PEG density and diblock copolymer desorption from micelles. These phenomena might lead to changes in the interaction of plasma proteins and drug dispositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shugo Yamashita
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0395, Japan.
| | - Karen Azuma
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0395, Japan
| | - Yuka Tanaka
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0395, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kimura
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0395, Japan
| | - Akiko Kiriyama
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0395, Japan
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2
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Petrová E, Chvíla S, Štěpánek F, Zbytovská J, Lamprou DA. Imiquimod nanocrystal-loaded dissolving microneedles prepared by DLP printing. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024:10.1007/s13346-024-01567-0. [PMID: 38472727 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-024-01567-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The utilization of 3D printing- digital light processing (DLP) technique, for the direct fabrication of microneedles encounters the problem of drug solubility in printing resin, especially if it is predominantly composed of water. The possible solution how to ensure ideal belonging of drug and water-based printing resin is its pre-formulation in nanosuspension such as nanocrystals. This study investigates the feasibility of this approach on a resin containing nanocrystals of imiquimod (IMQ), an active used in (pre)cancerous skin conditions, well known for its problematic solubility and bioavailability. The resin blend of polyethylene glycol diacrylate and N-vinylpyrrolidone, and lithium phenyl-2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphosphinate as a photoinitiator, was used, mixed with IMQ nanocrystals in water. The final microneedle-patches had 36 cylindrical microneedles arranged in a square grid, measuring approximately 600 μm in height and 500 μm in diameter. They contained 5wt% IMQ, which is equivalent to a commercially available cream. The homogeneity of IMQ distribution in the matrix was higher for nanocrystals compared to usual crystalline form. The release of IMQ from the patches was determined ex vivo in natural skin and revealed a 48% increase in efficacy for nanocrystal formulations compared to the crystalline form of IMQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliška Petrová
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, BT9 7BL, Belfast, UK
- Department of Organic Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Chvíla
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Organic Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - František Štěpánek
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Organic Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jarmila Zbytovská
- Department of Organic Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Dimitrios A Lamprou
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, BT9 7BL, Belfast, UK.
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D’Abbrunzo I, Procida G, Perissutti B. Praziquantel Fifty Years on: A Comprehensive Overview of Its Solid State. Pharmaceutics 2023; 16:27. [PMID: 38258039 PMCID: PMC10821272 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This review discusses the entire progress made on the anthelmintic drug praziquantel, focusing on the solid state and, therefore, on anhydrous crystalline polymorphs, amorphous forms, and multicomponent systems (i.e., hydrates, solvates, and cocrystals). Despite having been extensively studied over the last 50 years, new polymorphs and the greater part of their cocrystals have only been identified in the past decade. Progress in crystal engineering science (e.g., the use of mechanochemistry as a solid form screening tool and more strategic structure-based methods), along with the development of analytical techniques, including Synchrotron X-ray analyses, spectroscopy, and microscopy, have furthered the identification of unknown crystal structures of the drug. Also, computational modeling has significantly contributed to the prediction and design of new cocrystals by considering structural conformations and interactions energy. Whilst the insights on praziquantel polymorphs discussed in the present review will give a significant contribution to controlling their formation during manufacturing and drug formulation, the detailed multicomponent forms will help in designing and implementing future praziquantel-based functional materials. The latter will hopefully overcome praziquantel's numerous drawbacks and exploit its potential in the field of neglected tropical diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Beatrice Perissutti
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy (G.P.)
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Sabra ANA, Salem MB, William S, Hammam OA, El-Lakkany NM. Itraconazole, a cytochrome P450 inhibitor, enhanced the efficacy of praziquantel against Schistosoma mansoni infection and alleviated liver injury in mice. Exp Parasitol 2022; 239:108293. [PMID: 35667394 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2022.108293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of schistosomiasis is heavily reliant on the single antischistosomal drug praziquantel (PZQ). The use of synergistic drug-drug interactions is one possible solution, which could be used to mitigate PZQ's poor and variable bioavailability. Itraconazole (ITZ), a triazole antifungal agent, is a potent CYP3A inhibitor that can cause significant drug-drug interactions when used with CYP3A substrates. This study investigates the effect of ITZ as adjuvant therapy with PZQ on worm load, egg deposition and maturation, and the consequent histopathology and biochemical abnormalities in the liver during the immature and mature stages of Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni) infection. S. mansoni-infected mice were divided into five groups of eight-ten mice each: (I) infected untreated, (II) infected and treated with PZQ 3 weeks PI, (III) infected and treated with both ITZ and PZQ 3 weeks PI, (IV) infected and treated with PZQ 7 weeks PI, and (V) infected and treated with both ITZ and PZQ 7 weeks PI. All mice were killed by rapid decapitation 9 weeks PI. Data revealed that ITZ in combination with PZQ at both immature and mature stages improved the parasitological criteria of cure, and greatly reduced inflammation, granuloma and fibrotic tissue formation, and apoptosis versus PZQ alone. Furthermore, it showed the greatest impact on improving liver injury and oxidative stress markers. Notably, the effect was considerably stronger at the mature stage of S. mansoni infection. These findings support the notion that ITZ increased PZQ's antischistosomal activity by inhibiting CYP450 expression, potentially reducing PZQ metabolism and increasing systemic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maha B Salem
- Lecturer of Pharmacology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Samia William
- Professor of Parasitology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Olfat A Hammam
- Professor of Pathology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt.
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Ossai EC, Eze AA, Ogugofor MO. Plant-derived compounds for the treatment of schistosomiasis: Improving efficacy via nano-drug delivery. Niger J Clin Pract 2022; 25:747-764. [DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_1322_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Said AR, Zoghroban HS, Arafa MF, Mahmoud SS, El Maghraby GM. Nanostructured lipid carriers for enhanced in vitro and in vivo schistosomicidal activity of praziquantel: effect of charge. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2021; 47:663-672. [PMID: 33826458 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2021.1908339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
WHO considers praziquantel (PZQ) as the drug of choice for treatment of Schistosoma mansoni infection but this requires high dose due to poor solubility and first pass metabolism. The aim of this work was to optimize nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) for enhanced PZQ oral delivery. The optimization involved testing the effect of surface charge of NLCs. NLCs comprised precirol ATO as solid lipid with oleic acid, Span 60 and Tween 80 as liquid components. Dicetyl phosphate and stearyl amine were the negative and positive charging agents, respectively. NLCs were prepared by microemulsification technique and were characterized. The schistosomicidal activity of PZQ loaded NLCs was monitored in vitro and in vivo using infected mice. PZQ showed high entrapment efficiency in all types of NLCs (ranged from 93.97 to 96.29%) with better PZQ loading in standard NLCs. This was clarified by thermal analysis which reflected displacement of PZQ by charging agents. In vitro schistosomicidal study revealed the superiority of PZQ loaded positively charged NLCs (LC50 and LC95 equal 0.147 and 0.193 µg/ml respectively) with traditional and negatively charged NLCs being inferior to simple PZQ solution after short incubation period. Scanning electron micrographs showed that PZQ loaded positively charged NLCs resulted in more intense ultrastructural changes in worms. The superiority of positively charged NLCs was confirmed by in vivo assessment as they showed better improvement in histopathological features of the liver of the infected mice compared with other formulations. The study introduced positively charged NLCs as promising carriers for oral delivery of PZQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelrahman R Said
- Department of Pharmaceutics and pharmaceutical technology, school of pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr city, Egypt
| | - Hager S Zoghroban
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mona F Arafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, University of Tanta, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Soheir S Mahmoud
- Department of Parasitology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Gamal M El Maghraby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, University of Tanta, Tanta, Egypt
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Malekjani N, Jafari SM. Modeling the release of food bioactive ingredients from carriers/nanocarriers by the empirical, semiempirical, and mechanistic models. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 20:3-47. [PMID: 33443795 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The encapsulation process has been utilized in the field of food technology to enhance the technofunctional properties of food products and the delivery of nutraceutical ingredients via food into the human body. The latter application is very similar to drug delivery systems. The inherent sophisticated nature of release mechanisms requires the utilization of mathematical equations and statistics to predict the release behavior during the time. The science of mathematical modeling of controlled release has gained a tremendous advancement in drug delivery in recent years. Many of these modeling methods could be transferred to food. In order to develop and design enhanced food controlled/targeted bioactive release systems, understanding of the underlying physiological and chemical processes, mechanisms, and principles of release and applying the knowledge gained in the pharmaceutical field to food products is a big challenge. Ideally, by using an appropriate mathematical model, the formulation parameters could be predicted to achieve a specific release behavior. So, designing new products could be optimized. Many papers are dealing with encapsulation approaches and evaluation of the impact of process and the utilized system on release characteristics of encapsulated food bioactives, but still, there is no deep insight into the mathematical release modeling of encapsulated food materials. In this study, information gained from the pharmaceutical field is collected and discussed to investigate the probable application in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narjes Malekjani
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Seid Mahdi Jafari
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
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Zanolla D, Hasa D, Arhangelskis M, Schneider-Rauber G, Chierotti MR, Keiser J, Voinovich D, Jones W, Perissutti B. Mechanochemical Formation of Racemic Praziquantel Hemihydrate with Improved Biopharmaceutical Properties. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12030289. [PMID: 32210129 PMCID: PMC7151222 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12030289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Praziquantel (PZQ) is the first-line drug used against schistosomiasis, one of the most common parasitic diseases in the world. A series of crystalline structures including two new polymorphs of the pure drug and a series of cocrystals of PZQ have been discovered and deposited in the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD). This work adds to the list of multicomponent forms of PZQ a relevant example of a racemic hemihydrate (PZQ-HH), obtainable from commercial PZQ (polymorphic Form A) through mechanochemistry. Noteworthy, the formation of the new hemihydrate strongly depends on the initial polymorphic form of PZQ and on the experimental conditions used. The new PZQ-HH has been fully characterized by means of HPLC, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Hot-Stage Microscopy (SEM), Powder X-Ray Diffraction (PXRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), FT-IR, polarimetry, solid-state NMR (SS-NMR), solubility and intrinsic dissolution rate (IDR), and in vitro tests on Schistosoma mansoni adults. The crystal structure was solved from the powder X-ray diffraction pattern and validated by periodic-DFT calculations. The new bioactive hemihydrate was physically stable for three months and showed peculiar biopharmaceutical features including enhanced solubility and a double intrinsic dissolution rate in water in comparison to the commercially available PZQ Form A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Zanolla
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, P.le Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (D.Z.); (D.H.)
| | - Dritan Hasa
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, P.le Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (D.Z.); (D.H.)
| | - Mihails Arhangelskis
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, 1 Pasteura Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Gabriela Schneider-Rauber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2-1EW Cambridge, UK; (G.S.-R.); (W.J.)
| | - Michele R. Chierotti
- Department of Chemistry and NIS Centre, University of Torino, V. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy;
| | - Jennifer Keiser
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, P.O. Box, CH-4002 Basel; Switzerland;
- Universität Basel, Petersplatz 1, P.O. Box, CH-4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dario Voinovich
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, P.le Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (D.Z.); (D.H.)
- Correspondence: (D.V.); (B.P.); Tel.: +39-040-558-3106 (D.V. & B.P.)
| | - William Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2-1EW Cambridge, UK; (G.S.-R.); (W.J.)
| | - Beatrice Perissutti
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, P.le Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (D.Z.); (D.H.)
- Correspondence: (D.V.); (B.P.); Tel.: +39-040-558-3106 (D.V. & B.P.)
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Borrego-Sánchez A, Sánchez-Espejo R, Albertini B, Passerini N, Cerezo P, Viseras C, Sainz-Díaz CI. Ground Calcium Carbonate as a Low Cost and Biosafety Excipient for Solubility and Dissolution Improvement of Praziquantel. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11100533. [PMID: 31615087 PMCID: PMC6835254 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11100533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium carbonate is an abundant mineral with several advantages to be a successful carrier to improve oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs, such as praziquantel. Praziquantel is an antiparasitic drug classified in group II of the Biopharmaceutical Classification System hence characterized by high-permeability and low-solubility. Therefore, the dissolution rate is the limiting factor for the gastrointestinal absorption that contributes to the low bioavailability. Consequently, the therapeutic dose of the praziquantel must be high and big tablets and capsules are required, which are difficult to swallow, especially for pediatric and elderly patients. Mixtures of praziquantel and calcium carbonate using solid-solid physical mixtures and solid dispersions were prepared and characterized using several techniques (X-ray diffraction differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, laser diffraction, Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopies). Solubility of these formulations evidenced that the solubility of praziquantel-calcium carbonate interaction product increased in physiological media. In vitro dissolution tests showed that the interaction product increased the dissolution rate of the drug in acidic medium. Theoretical models were studied to understand this experimental behavior. Cytotoxicity and cell cycle studies were performed, showing that praziquantel-calcium carbonate physical mixture and interaction product were biocompatible with the HTC116 cells, because it did not produce a decrease in cell viability or alterations in the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Borrego-Sánchez
- Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra (CSIC-University of Granada), Av. de las Palmeras 4, 18100 Granada, Spain.
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Rita Sánchez-Espejo
- Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra (CSIC-University of Granada), Av. de las Palmeras 4, 18100 Granada, Spain.
| | - Beatrice Albertini
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology, University of Bologna, Via S. Donato 19/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Nadia Passerini
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology, University of Bologna, Via S. Donato 19/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Pilar Cerezo
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - César Viseras
- Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra (CSIC-University of Granada), Av. de las Palmeras 4, 18100 Granada, Spain.
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - C Ignacio Sainz-Díaz
- Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra (CSIC-University of Granada), Av. de las Palmeras 4, 18100 Granada, Spain.
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Mircioiu C, Voicu V, Anuta V, Tudose A, Celia C, Paolino D, Fresta M, Sandulovici R, Mircioiu I. Mathematical Modeling of Release Kinetics from Supramolecular Drug Delivery Systems. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E140. [PMID: 30901930 PMCID: PMC6471682 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11030140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Embedding of active substances in supramolecular systems has as the main goal to ensure the controlled release of the active ingredients. Whatever the final architecture or entrapment mechanism, modeling of release is challenging due to the moving boundary conditions and complex initial conditions. Despite huge diversity of formulations, diffusion phenomena are involved in practically all release processes. The approach in this paper starts, therefore, from mathematical methods for solving the diffusion equation in initial and boundary conditions, which are further connected with phenomenological conditions, simplified and idealized in order to lead to problems which can be analytically solved. Consequently, the release models are classified starting from the geometry of diffusion domain, initial conditions, and conditions on frontiers. Taking into account that practically all solutions of the models use the separation of variables method and integral transformation method, two specific applications of these methods are included. This paper suggests that "good modeling practice" of release kinetics consists essentially of identifying the most appropriate mathematical conditions corresponding to implied physicochemical phenomena. However, in most of the cases, models can be written but analytical solutions for these models cannot be obtained. Consequently, empiric models remain the first choice, and they receive an important place in the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantin Mircioiu
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Biostatistics, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Victor Voicu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Valentina Anuta
- Department of Physical and Colloidal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Andra Tudose
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Biostatistics, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Christian Celia
- Department of Pharmacy, G. D'Annunzio University of Chieti⁻Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Donatella Paolino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, "Magna Græcia" University of Catanzaro, Germaneto - Catanzaro (CZ) 88100, Italy.
| | - Massimo Fresta
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, "Magna Græcia" University of Catanzaro, Germaneto - Catanzaro (CZ) 88100, Italy.
| | - Roxana Sandulovici
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Biostatistics, Titu Maiorescu University, 004051 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Ion Mircioiu
- Department of Biopharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Titu Maiorescu University, 004051 Bucharest, Romania.
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Gonzalez M, Ramírez Rigo M, Gonzalez Vidal N. Praziquantel systems with improved dissolution rate obtained by high pressure homogenization. Materials Science and Engineering: C 2018; 93:28-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Zoghroban HS, El-kowrany SI, Aboul Asaad IA, El Maghraby GM, El-nouby KA, Abd Elazeem MA. Niosomes for enhanced activity of praziquantel against Schistosoma mansoni: in vivo and in vitro evaluation. Parasitol Res 2019; 118:219-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-018-6132-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Hadipour Moghaddam SP, Farhat S, Vatanara A. Porous Microparticles Containing Raloxifene Hydrochloride Tailored by Spray Freeze Drying for Solubility Enhancement. Adv Pharm Bull 2018; 8:217-223. [PMID: 30023323 PMCID: PMC6046433 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2018.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The goal of this study was to improve the solubility and dissolution behavior of Raloxifene Hydrochloride (RH) using Spray Freeze Drying (SFD) technique. Methods: For achieving this goal, series of samples containing RH with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) or hydroxypropyl beta cyclodextrin (HPβCD) used as solubility enhancers were prepared and microparticles were formed via SFD. The resultant microparticles were physicochemically characterized. Morphology of the microparticles were observed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was used for analyzing the solubility and dissolution profile of the samples. Results: Fourier Transmission Infrared (FTIR) spectra showed that SFD processed compositions did not affect chemical structure of RH. SEM and Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) revealed that the fabricated spherical and highly porous microparticles were in amorphous state. SFD processed powders showed superior solubility and dissolution behavior; where, 80% of the drug was dissolved within 5 minutes. Conclusion: SFD method can be a promising alternative for enhancing the solubility of poorly water soluble compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Pouya Hadipour Moghaddam
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.,Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Sajjad Farhat
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Vatanara
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Davoodi P, Lee LY, Xu Q, Sunil V, Sun Y, Soh S, Wang CH. Drug delivery systems for programmed and on-demand release. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 132:104-138. [PMID: 30415656 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
With the advancement in medical science and understanding the importance of biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of therapeutic agents, modern drug delivery research strives to utilize novel materials and fabrication technologies for the preparation of robust drug delivery systems to combat acute and chronic diseases. Compared to traditional drug carriers, which could only control the release of the agents in a monotonic manner, the new drug carriers are able to provide a precise control over the release time and the quantity of drug introduced into the patient's body. To achieve this goal, scientists have introduced "programmed" and "on-demand" approaches. The former provides delivery systems with a sophisticated architecture to precisely tune the release rate for a definite time period, while the latter includes systems directly controlled by an operator/practitioner, perhaps with a remote device triggering/affecting the implanted or injected drug carrier. Ideally, such devices can determine flexible release pattern and intensify the efficacy of a therapy via controlling time, duration, dosage, and location of drug release in a predictable, repeatable, and reliable manner. This review sheds light on the past and current techniques available for fabricating and remotely controlling drug delivery systems and addresses the application of new technologies (e.g. 3D printing) in this field.
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Zanolla D, Perissutti B, Passerini N, Chierotti MR, Hasa D, Voinovich D, Gigli L, Demitri N, Geremia S, Keiser J, Cerreia Vioglio P, Albertini B. A new soluble and bioactive polymorph of praziquantel. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 127:19-28. [PMID: 29409939 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Praziquantel is the only available drug to treat Schistosomiasis. However, its utilization is limited by many drawbacks, including the high therapeutic dose needed, resulting in large tablets and capsules difficult to be swallowed, especially from pediatric patients. In this study, an alternative option to overcome these disadvantages is proposed: to switch to a novel crystalline polymorph of racemic compound praziquantel. The preparation of the crystalline polymorph was realized via a neat grinding process in a vibrational mill. The new phase (Form B) was chemically identical to the starting material (as proved by HPLC, 1H NMR, and polarimetry), but showed different physical properties (as evaluated by SEM, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry, ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, and solid-state NMR). Furthermore, the crystal structure of the new phase was solved from the powder synchrotron X-ray diffraction pattern, resulting in a monoclinic C2/c cell and validated by DFT-D calculation. Moreover the simulated solid-state NMR 13C chemical shifts were in excellent agreement with the experimental data. The conversion of original praziquantel into Form B showed to affect positively the water solubility and the intrinsic dissolution rate of praziquantel. Both the in vitro and in vivo activity against Schistosoma mansoni were maintained. Our findings suggest that the new phase, that proved to be physically stable for at least one year, is a promising product for designing a new praziquantel formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Zanolla
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, P.le Europa 1/via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Beatrice Perissutti
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, P.le Europa 1/via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Nadia Passerini
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology, University of Bologna, Via S. Donato 19/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Michele R Chierotti
- Department of Chemistry and NIS Centre, University of Torino, V. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Dritan Hasa
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, The Gateway, LE1 9BH Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Dario Voinovich
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, P.le Europa 1/via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Lara Gigli
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste, S.S. 14 Km 163.5 in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Nicola Demitri
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste, S.S. 14 Km 163.5 in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Silvano Geremia
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, P.le Europa 1/via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Jennifer Keiser
- Helminth Drug Development Unit, Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstr. 57, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Beatrice Albertini
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology, University of Bologna, Via S. Donato 19/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
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Tomiotto-Pellissier F, Miranda-Sapla MM, Machado LF, Bortoleti BTDS, Sahd CS, Chagas AF, Assolini JP, Oliveira FJDA, Pavanelli WR, Conchon-Costa I, Costa IN, Melanda FN. Nanotechnology as a potential therapeutic alternative for schistosomiasis. Acta Trop 2017; 174:64-71. [PMID: 28668252 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a neglected disease that affects millions of people worldwide, recognized as the most important human helminth infection in terms of morbidity and mortality. The treatment of choice presents low bioavailability and water solubility, in addition to the induction of parasite resistance. In this context, researchers have been conducting studies seeking to develop new drugs to ensure safety, quality, and efficacy against this parasitosis. In this scenario, nanotechnology arises including the drug delivery systems in nanoscale: nanoemulsions, liposomes and nanoparticles. These drug delivery systems have been extensively applied for in vitro and in vivo studies against Schistosoma spp. with promising results. This review pointed out the most relevant development scenarios regarding the treatment of schistosomiasis as well as the application of nanotechnology as a vaccine, highlighting the use of nanotechnology as an alternative therapy for both the repositioning of drugs and the use of new pharmaceutical products, with promising results regarding the aforementioned disease.
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Cugovčan M, Jablan J, Lovrić J, Cinčić D, Galić N, Jug M. Biopharmaceutical characterization of praziquantel cocrystals and cyclodextrin complexes prepared by grinding. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 137:42-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ng CL, Lee SE, Lee JK, Kim TH, Jang WS, Choi JS, Kim YH, Kim JK, Park JS. Solubilization and formulation of chrysosplenol C in solid dispersion with hydrophilic carriers. Int J Pharm 2016; 512:314-321. [PMID: 27593897 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.08.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We investigated how to overcome problems associated with the solubility, dissolution, and oral bioavailability of the poorly water-soluble drug compound, chrysosplenol C (CRSP), as well as the effects of single and binary hydrophilic polymers (PVP K-25 and/or PEG 6000) on the solubility and dissolution parameters of CRSP. Then an optimized formulation was further developed with a surfactant. To select a surfactant suitable for a CRSP-loaded solid dispersion (SD), the solubility of CRSP in distilled water containing 1% surfactant was compared with the solubilities in other surfactants. Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) showed the highest drug solubility. Overall, a formulation containing CRSP, binary hydrophilic polymers (PVP and PEG 6000), and SLS at a ratio of 2.0/0.2/1.1/0.7 showed the optimum in vitro release profile. This optimized formulation had better safety properties than pure CRSP in cell viability examinations. SD formulations were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Our optimized SD formulation is expected to improve the bioavailability of CRPS because it improves the solubility and dissolution rate of CRSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choon Lian Ng
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Eun Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Kyung Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hyeon Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Suk Jang
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Seok Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ho Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ki Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Sook Park
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
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Breda CA, Gasperini AM, Garcia VL, Monteiro KM, Bataglion GA, Eberlin MN, Duarte MCT. Phytochemical Analysis and Antifungal Activity of Extracts from Leaves and Fruit Residues of Brazilian Savanna Plants Aiming Its Use as Safe Fungicides. Nat Prod Bioprospect 2016; 6:195-204. [PMID: 27169570 PMCID: PMC4940252 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-016-0101-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The increasing demand for safe food without preservatives or pesticides residues has encouraged several studies on natural products with antifungal activity and low toxicity. In this study, ethanolic extracts from leaves and fruit residues (peel and seeds) of three Brazilian savanna species (Acrocomia aculeata, Campomanesia adamantium and Caryocar brasiliense) were evaluated against phytopathogenic fungi. Additionally, the most active extract was chemically characterized by ESI-MS and its oral acute toxicity was evaluated. Extracts from C. brasiliense (pequi) peel and leaves were active against Alternaria alternata, Alternaria solani and Venturia pirina with minimal inhibitory concentrations between 350 and 1000 µg/mL. When incorporated in solid media, these extracts extended the lag phase of A. alternata and A. solani and reduced the growth rate of A. solani. Pequi peel extract showed better antifungal activity and their ESI-MS analysis revealed the presence of substances widely reported as antifungal such as gallic acid, quinic acid, ellagic acid, glucogalin and corilagin. The oral acute toxicity was relatively low, being considered safe for use as a potential natural fungicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Alves Breda
- School of Food Engineering, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Monteiro Lobato Street, 80, Barão Geraldo, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-862, Brazil.
- Microbiology Division of Research Center for Chemistry, Biology and Agriculture - CPQBA, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Alexandre Cazelatto Street, 999, Betel, Paulínia, São Paulo, 13148-218, Brazil.
| | - Alessandra Marcon Gasperini
- School of Food Engineering, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Monteiro Lobato Street, 80, Barão Geraldo, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-862, Brazil
- Microbiology Division of Research Center for Chemistry, Biology and Agriculture - CPQBA, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Alexandre Cazelatto Street, 999, Betel, Paulínia, São Paulo, 13148-218, Brazil
| | - Vera Lucia Garcia
- Organic Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Division of Research Center for Chemistry, Biology and Agriculture - CPQBA, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Alexandre Cazelatto Street, 999, Betel, Paulínia, São Paulo, 13148-218, Brazil
| | - Karin Maia Monteiro
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Division of Research Center for Chemistry, Biology and Agriculture - CPQBA, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Alexandre Cazelatto Street, 999, Betel, Paulínia, São Paulo, 13148-218, Brazil
| | - Giovana Anceski Bataglion
- ThoMSon Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, 13084-971, Brazil
| | - Marcos Nogueira Eberlin
- ThoMSon Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, 13084-971, Brazil
| | - Marta Cristina Teixeira Duarte
- Microbiology Division of Research Center for Chemistry, Biology and Agriculture - CPQBA, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Alexandre Cazelatto Street, 999, Betel, Paulínia, São Paulo, 13148-218, Brazil
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El-Feky GS, Mohamed WS, Nasr HE, El-Lakkany NM, Seif El-Din SH, Botros SS. Praziquantel in a clay nanoformulation shows more bioavailability and higher efficacy against murine Schistosoma mansoni infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 59:3501-8. [PMID: 25845870 DOI: 10.1128/AAC.04875-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Consideration of existing compounds always simplifies and shortens the long and difficult process of discovering new drugs specifically for diseases of developing countries, an approach that may add to the significant potential cost savings. This study focused on improving the biological characteristics of the already-existing antischistosomal praziquantel (PZQ) by incorporating it into montmorillonite (MMT) clay as a delivery carrier to overcome its known bioavailability drawbacks. The oral bioavailability of a PZQ-MMT clay nanoformulation and its in vivo efficacy against Schistosoma mansoni were investigated. The PZQ-MMT clay nanoformulation provided a preparation with a controlled release rate, a decrease in crystallinity, and an appreciable reduction in particle size. Uninfected and infected mice treated with PZQ-MMT clay showed 3.61- and 1.96-fold and 2.16- and 1.94-fold increases, respectively, in area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 8 h (AUC0-8) and maximum concentration of drug in serum (Cmax), with a decrease in elimination rate constant (kel) by 2.84- and 1.35-fold and increases in the absorption rate constant (ka) and half-life (t1/2e) by 2.11- and 1.51-fold and 2.86- and 1.34-fold, respectively, versus the corresponding conventional PZQ-treated groups. This improved bioavailability has been expressed in higher efficacy of the drug, where the dose necessary to kill 50% of the worms was reduced by >3-fold (PZQ 50% effective dose [ED50] was 20.25 mg/kg of body weight for PZQ-MMT clay compared to 74.07 mg/kg for conventional PZQ), with significant reduction in total tissue egg load and increase in total immature, mature, and dead eggs in most of the drug-treated groups. This formulation showed better bioavailability, enhanced antischistosomal efficacy, and a safer profile despite the longer period of residence in the systemic circulation. Although the conventional drug's toxicity was not examined, animal mortality rates were not different between groups receiving the test PZQ-clay nanoformulation and conventional PZQ.
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Mishra A, Vuddanda PR, Singh S. Intestinal Lymphatic Delivery of Praziquantel by Solid Lipid Nanoparticles: Formulation Design, In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. Journal of Nanotechnology 2014; 2014:1-12. [DOI: 10.1155/2014/351693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to design and develop Praziquantal (PZQ) loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (PZQ-SLN) to improve the oral bioavailability by targeting intestinal lymphatic system. PZQ is practically insoluble in water and exhibits extensive hepatic first-pass metabolism. PZQ SLN were composed of triglycerides, lecithin and various aqueous surfactants; were optimized using hot homogenization followed by ultrasonication method. The optimized SLN had particle size of123±3.41 nm, EE of86.6±5.72%. The drug release of PZQ-SLN showed initial burst release followed by the sustained release. Inspite of zeta potential being around −10 mV, the optimized SLN were stable at storage conditions (5±3°C and25±2°C/60±5% RH) for six months. TEM study confirmed the almost spherical shape similar to the control formulations. Solid state characterization using differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis confirmed the homogeneous distribution of PZQ within the lipid matrix. The 5.81-fold increase inAUC0→∞, after intraduodenal administration of PZQ-SLN in rats treated with saline in comparison to rats treated with cycloheximide (a blocker of intestinal lymphatic pathway), confirmed its intestinal lymphatic delivery. The experimental results indicate that SLN may offer a promising strategy for improving the therapeutic efficacy and reducing the dose.
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Fonseca LB, Nele M, Volpato NM, Seiceira RC, Pinto JC. Production of PMMA Nanoparticles Loaded with Praziquantel Through “In Situ” Miniemulsion Polymerization. MACROMOL REACT ENG 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/mren.201200036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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El-Lakkany N, Seif el-Din SH, Heikal L. Bioavailability and in vivo efficacy of a praziquantel–polyvinylpyrrolidone solid dispersion in Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2012; 37:289-99. [DOI: 10.1007/s13318-012-0089-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Botros S, El-Lakkany N, Seif el-Din SH, Sabra AN, Ibrahim M. Comparative efficacy and bioavailability of different praziquantel brands. Exp Parasitol 2010; 127:515-21. [PMID: 21044626 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2010.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2010] [Revised: 10/22/2010] [Accepted: 10/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the efficacy, bioavailability and drug metabolizing enzymes mainly involved in the metabolism of the commercial brands of praziquantel (PZQ) in Egypt in comparison with the original pure powder. Mice infected with PZQ-susceptible (CD) or PZQ-insusceptible (EE2) Schistosoma mansoni isolates were divided each into seven groups, six of them received PZQ brands (Distocide, Epiquantel, Biltricide, Bilharzid, Praziquantel, and pure PZQ), while the seventh one was left as infected untreated. Seven weeks post-infection, worms were quantified and hepatic CYP450 and CYT b5 were examined. For PZQ pharmacokinetics, groups of normal mice were given the different PZQ brands and divided into subgroups, killed at 2, 5, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120,150, 180, 240 and 360 min post-dosing. Physicochemical examination revealed better dissolution rates for Biltricide, Distocide and PZQ T3A rather than Epiquantel and Bilharzid. Significant decrease in worm burden was recorded in all groups of mice regardless of the brand of PZQ used, but with better results obtained with CD isolate rather than the EE2 isolate. Biltricide and Distocide showed higher C(max) and AUC(0-6h) in normal mice, in addition to higher worm reduction with least inhibition of CYP450 and CYT b5 in EE2-infected mice. PZQ T3A, Bilharzid and Epiquantel showed, in addition to lower efficacy, higher K(el), lower t(1/2e), C(max) and AUC(0-6h). The 32-46% reduction of their bioavailability reflected on their antischistosomal efficacy and recovery of drug metabolizing enzymes. Quality of generic PZQ should include, in addition to examining the physicochemical characteristics of the brands, biological testing including efficacy and bioavailability studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaa Botros
- Pharmacology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Warak El-Hadar, Imbaba, PO Box 30, Giza 12411, Egypt
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Chaud MV, Tamascia P, Lima ACD, Paganelli MO, Gremião MPD, Freitas OD. Solid dispersions with hydrogenated castor oil increase solubility, dissolution rate and intestinal absorption of praziquantel. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2010. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502010000300010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The solubility behavior of drugs remains one of the most challenging aspects in formulation development. Solid Dispersion (SD) has tremendous potential for improving drug solubility. Although praziquantel (PZQ) is the first drug of choice in the treatment of schistosomiasis, its poor solubility has restricted its delivery oral route. In spite of its poor solubility, PZQ is well absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, but large doses are required to achieve adequate concentration at the target sites. The aim of this study was to improve the solubility and dissolution rate of PZQ and to evaluate its intestinal absorption. SDs were formulated with PEG-60 castor oil hydrogenated (CR-60) using a fusion and evaporation method. Pure PZQ and physical mixtures (PM) and PZQ-CR-60 (2:1; 1:1; 1:2 ratios) were compared as regards their solubility, dissolution and intestinal absorption. The experimental results demonstrated the improvement in the solubility, dissolution rate and intestinal absorption. In addition, the solubility behavior showed pH dependency and that the solubility of PZQ was slower in acidic medium than in neutral and basic mediums. The increase in PZQ solubility of the SD with the CR-60 could be attributed to several factors such as improved wettability, local solubilization, drug particle size reduction and crystalline or, interstitial solid solution reduction.
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Xie S, Pan B, Wang M, Zhu L, Wang F, Dong Z, Wang X, Zhou W. Formulation, characterization and pharmacokinetics of praziquantel-loaded hydrogenated castor oil solid lipid nanoparticles. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2010; 5:693-701. [PMID: 20662641 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.10.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The purpose of this study was to formulate praziquantel (PZQ)-loaded hydrogenated castor oil (HCO) solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) to enhance the bioavailability and prolong the systemic circulation of the drug. Materials & methods: PZQ was encapsulated into HCO nanoparticles by a hot homogenization and ultrasonication method. The physicochemical characteristics of SLN were investigated by optical microscope, scanning electron microscopy and photon correlation spectroscopy. Pharmacokinetics were studied after oral, subcutaneous and intramuscular administration in mice. Results: The diameter, polydispersivity index, ζ potential, encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity of the nanoparticles were 344.0 ± 15.1 nm, 0.31 ± 0.08, -16.7 ± 0.5 mV, 62.17 ± 6.53% and 12.43 ± 1.31%, respectively. In vitro release of PZQ-loaded HCO-SLN exhibited an initial burst release followed by a sustained release. SLN increased the bioavailability of PZQ by 14.9-, 16.1- and 2.6-fold, and extended the mean residence time of the drug from 7.6, 6.6 and 8.2 to 95.9, 151.6 and 48.2 h after oral, subcutaneous and intramuscular administration, respectively. Conclusion: The PZQ-loaded HCO-SLN could be a promising formulation to enhance the pharmacological activity of PZQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Xie
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan Road West, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Baoliang Pan
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan Road West, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan Road West, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Luyan Zhu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan Road West, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Fenghua Wang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan Road West, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Zhao Dong
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan Road West, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan Road West, Beijing 100193, PR China
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Zhunuspayev DE, Mun GA, Khutoryanskiy VV. Temperature-responsive properties and drug solubilization capacity of amphiphilic copolymers based on N-vinylpyrrolidone and vinyl propyl ether. Langmuir 2010; 26:7590-7597. [PMID: 20151669 DOI: 10.1021/la904403k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A series of amphiphilic copolymers were synthesized by free-radical copolymerization of N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) with vinyl propyl ether (VPE), and the structure of the copolymers was characterized by elemental analysis and gel permeation chromatography. The reactivity of VPE in copolymerization was found to be significantly lower than the reactivity of NVP, which resulted in a decrease of copolymers' yields and molecular weights with higher content of VPE in the feed mixture. An investigation of the behavior of the copolymers in aqueous solutions at different temperatures by dynamic light scattering revealed the presence of lower critical solution temperature, which depending on the content of VPE ranged within 23-38 degrees C. Aqueous solutions of these copolymers were studied by fluorescent spectroscopy with pyrene as a polarity probe to reveal the formation of hydrophobic domains. The copolymers were found to be useful for enhancing the solubility of riboflavin in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daulet E Zhunuspayev
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, P.O. Box 224, Reading RG6 6AD, United Kingdom
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de Jesus MB, Pinto LDMA, Fraceto LF, Magalhães LA, Zanotti-Magalhães EM, de Paula E. Improvement of the oral praziquantel anthelmintic effect by cyclodextrin complexation. J Drug Target 2009; 18:21-6. [DOI: 10.3109/10611860903131677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Maragos S, Archontaki H, Macheras P, Valsami G. Effect of cyclodextrin complexation on the aqueous solubility and solubility/dose ratio of praziquantel. AAPS PharmSciTech 2009; 10:1444-51. [PMID: 19949903 PMCID: PMC2799612 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-009-9346-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2009] [Accepted: 11/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Praziquantel (PZQ), the primary drug of choice in the treatment of schistosomiasis, is a highly lipophilic drug that possesses high permeability and low aqueous solubility and is, therefore, classified as a Class II drug according to the Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS). In this work, beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) and hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-beta-CD) were used in order to determine whether increasing the aqueous solubility of a drug by complexation with CDs, a BCS-Class II compound like PZQ could behave as BCS-Class I (highly soluble/highly permeable) drug. Phase solubility and the kneading and lyophilization techniques were used for inclusion complex preparation; solubility was determined by UV spectroscopy. The ability of the water soluble polymer polyvinylpyrolidone (PVP) to increase the complexation and solubilization efficiency of beta-CD and HP-beta-CD for PZQ was examined. Results showed significant improvement of PZQ solubility in the presence of both cyclodextrins but no additional effect in the presence of PVP. The solubility/dose ratios values of PZQ-cyclodextrin complexes calculated considering the low (150 mg) and the high dose (600 mg) of PZQ, used in practice, indicate that PZQ complexation with CDs may result in drug dosage forms that would behave as a BCS-Class I depending on the administered dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stratos Maragos
- />Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 15771 Greece
| | - Helen Archontaki
- />Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 15771 Greece
| | - Panos Macheras
- />Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 15771 Greece
| | - Georgia Valsami
- />Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 15771 Greece
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Abstract
Nanoparticles containing praziquantel made of poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) were designed by an emulsion-solvent evaporation method. Two organic solvents were separately utilized as disperse phase: methylene chloride and ethyl acetate. The size of the particles prepared with the former solvent was bigger than the particles prepared with the latter. The entrapment efficiency was bigger when methylene chloride was used, 79.82% in comparison with 29.27% by using ethyl acetate. DSC and infrared studies showed that no strong chemical interaction between drug and polymer occurred. Release kinetics of praziquantel, used as a model drug, was governed not only by actual drug loading but also by particles size. The higher the drug content and the smaller the particle size resulted in faster drug release.
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Arifin DY, Lee LY, Wang CH. Mathematical modeling and simulation of drug release from microspheres: Implications to drug delivery systems. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2006; 58:1274-325. [PMID: 17097189 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2006.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 385] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2006] [Accepted: 09/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of existing mathematical models and simulations of drug release from polymeric microspheres and of drug transport in adjacent tissues. In drug delivery systems, mathematical modeling plays an important role in elucidating the important drug release mechanisms, thus facilitating the development of new pharmaceutical products by a systematic, rather than trial-and-error, approach. The mathematical models correspond to the known release mechanisms, which are classified as diffusion-, swelling-, and erosion-controlled systems. Various practical applications of these models which explain experimental data are illustrated. The effect of gamma-irradiation sterilization on drug release mechanism from erosion-controlled systems will be discussed. The application of existing models to nanoscale drug delivery systems specifically for hydrophobic and hydrophilic molecules is evaluated. The current development of drug transport modeling in tissues utilizing computational fluid dynamics (CFD) will also be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davis Yohanes Arifin
- Molecular Engineering of Biological and Chemical Systems Program, Singapore-MIT Alliance, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117576, Singapore
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Passerini N, Albertini B, Perissutti B, Rodriguez L. Evaluation of melt granulation and ultrasonic spray congealing as techniques to enhance the dissolution of praziquantel. Int J Pharm 2006; 318:92-102. [PMID: 16697539 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2006.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2005] [Revised: 03/02/2006] [Accepted: 03/22/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Praziquantel (PZQ), an anthelminthic drug widely used in developing countries, is classified in Class II in the Biopharmaceutics Classification Systems; this means that PZQ has very low water solubility and high permeability, thus the dissolution is the absorption rate-limiting factor. The aim of this work was to evaluate the suitability of melt granulation and ultrasonic spray congealing as techniques for enhancing the dissolution rate of PZQ. Granules in high shear mixer were prepared by melt granulation, using polyethylene glycol 4000 or poloxamer 188 as meltable binders and alpha-lactose monohydrate as a filler. Quite regularly shaped granules having main size fraction in the range 200-500 microm were obtained using both formulations; however, only poloxamer 188 granules demonstrated a significant (P=0.05) increase of the PZQ dissolution rate compared to pure drug. To evaluate the potential of ultrasonic spray congealing, Gelucire 50/13 microparticles having different drug to carrier ratios (5, 10, 20 and 30%, w/w) were then prepared. The results showed that all the microparticles had a significant higher dissolution rate (P=0.05) respect to pure PZQ. The increase of the PZQ content considerably decreased the dissolution rate of the drug: 5 and 10% PZQ loaded systems evidenced dissolution significantly enhanced compared to 20 and 30% PZQ microparticles. The microparticle's characterisation, performed by Differential Scanning Calorimetry, Hot Stage Microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and FT-Infrared analysis, evidenced the absence of both modifications of the solid state of PZQ and of significant interactions between the drug and the carrier. In conclusion, melt granulation and ultrasonic spray congealing could be proposed as solvent free, rapid and low expensive manufacturing methods to increase the in vitro dissolution rate of PZQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Passerini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via S. Donato 19/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
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Mourão SC, Costa PI, Salgado HRN, Gremião MPD. Improvement of antischistosomal activity of praziquantel by incorporation into phosphatidylcholine-containing liposomes. Int J Pharm 2005; 295:157-62. [PMID: 15848000 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2005.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2004] [Revised: 11/08/2004] [Accepted: 02/10/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Praziquantel (PZQ) is effective against all known species of Schistosomes that infect humans. The failure of mass treatment of schistosomiasis has been attributed to the fact that therapy is not sufficiently long-lasting. This effect may be due to the low bioavailability of PZQ that has a low hydrosolubility and fast metabolism. Liposomes have been used to prolong drug levels, reduce the side effects, direct drugs to specific sites and increase bioavailability after administration. The aim of this work was to study the effect of phosphatidylcholine (PC)-containing liposomes to vehiculate PZQ to improve the treatment of schistosomiasis. The in vitro study was carried out using Schistosoma mansoni parasites recovered by perfusion from the hepatic portal system of infected mice. Suspensions of liposomes with PZQ and free PZQ were administered p.o. in mice after 14 days of infection. The effect of both preparations in vitro on S. mansoni culture was similar. In the in vivo test, PZQ-liposomes caused a decrease in amounts of eggs and parasites. Liposomes improve the antischistosomal activity of praziquantel. This can be used as a starting point to investigate alternative administration routes or dosage forms and to examine the mechanism of intestinal absorption of PRZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samanta C Mourão
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rua Rodovia Araraquara, Jaú km 01, CEP 14801-902, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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Mainardes RM, Evangelista RC. PLGA nanoparticles containing praziquantel: effect of formulation variables on size distribution. Int J Pharm 2005; 290:137-44. [PMID: 15664139 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2004.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2004] [Revised: 11/04/2004] [Accepted: 11/24/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Praziquantel has been shown to be highly effective against all known species of Schistosoma infecting humans. Spherical nanoparticulate drug carriers made of poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) acid with controlled size were designed. Praziquantel, a hydrophobic molecule, was entrapped into the nanoparticles with theoretical loading varying from 10 to 30% (w/w). This study investigates the effects of some process variables on the size distribution of nanoparticles prepared by emulsion-solvent evaporation method. The results show that sonication time, PLGA and drug amounts, PVA concentration, ratio between aqueous and organic phases, and the method of solvent evaporation have a significant influence on size distribution of the nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubiana M Mainardes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP, Rod. Araraquara-Jaú km 1, CEP 14802-902, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
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Abstract
Over recent years, drug release/dissolution from solid pharmaceutical dosage forms has been the subject of intense and profitable scientific developments. Whenever a new solid dosage form is developed or produced, it is necessary to ensure that drug dissolution occurs in an appropriate manner. The pharmaceutical industry and the registration authorities do focus, nowadays, on drug dissolution studies. The quantitative analysis of the values obtained in dissolution/release tests is easier when mathematical formulas that express the dissolution results as a function of some of the dosage forms characteristics are used. In some cases, these mathematic models are derived from the theoretical analysis of the occurring process. In most of the cases the theoretical concept does not exist and some empirical equations have proved to be more appropriate. Drug dissolution from solid dosage forms has been described by kinetic models in which the dissolved amount of drug (Q) is a function of the test time, t or Q=f(t). Some analytical definitions of the Q(t) function are commonly used, such as zero order, first order, Hixson-Crowell, Weibull, Higuchi, Baker-Lonsdale, Korsmeyer-Peppas and Hopfenberg models. Other release parameters, such as dissolution time (tx%), assay time (tx min), dissolution efficacy (ED), difference factor (f1), similarity factor (f2) and Rescigno index (xi1 and xi2) can be used to characterize drug dissolution/release profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Costa
- Serviço de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto Rua Aníbal Cunha, 164, 4050-047, Porto, Portugal.
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