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Maurer J, Lin A, Jin X, Hong J, Sathi N, Cardis R, Osorio-Forero A, Lüthi A, Weber F, Chung S. Homeostatic regulation of REM sleep by the preoptic area of the hypothalamus. bioRxiv 2024:2023.08.22.554341. [PMID: 37662417 PMCID: PMC10473649 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.22.554341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Rapid-eye-movement sleep (REMs) is characterized by activated electroencephalogram (EEG) and muscle atonia, accompanied by vivid dreams. REMs is homeostatically regulated, ensuring that any loss of REMs is compensated by a subsequent increase in its amount. However, the neural mechanisms underlying the homeostatic control of REMs are largely unknown. Here, we show that GABAergic neurons in the preoptic area of the hypothalamus projecting to the tuberomammillary nucleus (POAGAD2→TMN neurons) are crucial for the homeostatic regulation of REMs. POAGAD2→TMN neurons are most active during REMs, and inhibiting them specifically decreases REMs. REMs restriction leads to an increased number and amplitude of calcium transients in POAGAD2→TMN neurons, reflecting the accumulation of REMs pressure. Inhibiting POAGAD2→TMN neurons during REMs restriction blocked the subsequent rebound of REMs. Our findings reveal a hypothalamic circuit whose activity mirrors the buildup of homeostatic REMs pressure during restriction and that is required for the ensuing rebound in REMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Maurer
- Department of Neuroscience, Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alex Lin
- Department of Neuroscience, Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Xi Jin
- Department of Neuroscience, Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jiso Hong
- Department of Neuroscience, Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nicholas Sathi
- Department of Neuroscience, Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Romain Cardis
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 9, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alejandro Osorio-Forero
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 9, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anita Lüthi
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 9, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Franz Weber
- Department of Neuroscience, Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Shinjae Chung
- Department of Neuroscience, Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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2
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Lopresti BJ, Royse SK, Mathis CA, Tollefson SA, Narendran R. Beyond monoamines: I. Novel targets and radiotracers for Positron emission tomography imaging in psychiatric disorders. J Neurochem 2023; 164:364-400. [PMID: 35536762 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
With the emergence of positron emission tomography (PET) in the late 1970s, psychiatry had access to a tool capable of non-invasive assessment of human brain function. Early applications in psychiatry focused on identifying characteristic brain blood flow and metabolic derangements using radiotracers such as [15 O]H2 O and [18 F]FDG. Despite the success of these techniques, it became apparent that more specific probes were needed to understand the neurochemical bases of psychiatric disorders. The first neurochemical PET imaging probes targeted sites of action of neuroleptic (dopamine D2 receptors) and psychoactive (serotonin receptors) drugs. Based on the centrality of monoamine dysfunction in psychiatric disorders and the measured success of monoamine-enhancing drugs in treating them, the next 30 years witnessed the development of an armamentarium of PET radiopharmaceuticals and imaging methodologies for studying monoamines. Continued development of monoamine-enhancing drugs over this time however was less successful, realizing only modest gains in efficacy and tolerability. As patent protection for many widely prescribed and profitable psychiatric drugs lapsed, drug development pipelines shifted away from monoamines in search of novel targets with the promises of improved efficacy, or abandoned altogether. Over this period, PET radiopharmaceutical development activities closely paralleled drug development priorities resulting in the development of new PET imaging agents for non-monoamine targets. Part one of this review will briefly survey novel PET imaging targets with relevance to the field of psychiatry, which include the metabotropic glutamate receptor type 5 (mGluR5), purinergic P2 X7 receptor, type 1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1 ), phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A), and describe radiotracers developed for these and other targets that have matured to human subject investigations. Current limitations of the targets and techniques will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Lopresti
- Departments of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sarah K Royse
- Departments of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Chester A Mathis
- Departments of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Savannah A Tollefson
- Departments of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rajesh Narendran
- Departments of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Departments of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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3
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Alhusaini M, Eissa N, Saad AK, Beiram R, Sadek B. Revisiting Preclinical Observations of Several Histamine H3 Receptor Antagonists/Inverse Agonists in Cognitive Impairment, Anxiety, Depression, and Sleep-Wake Cycle Disorder. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:861094. [PMID: 35721194 PMCID: PMC9198498 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.861094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A relationship appears to exist between dysfunction of brain histamine (HA) and various neuropsychiatric brain disorders. The possible involvement of brain HA in neuropathology has gained attention recently, and its role in many (patho)physiological brain functions including memory, cognition, and sleep-wake cycle paved the way for further research on the etiology of several brain disorders. Histamine H3 receptor (H3R) evidenced in the brains of rodents and humans remains of special interest, given its unique position as a pre- and postsynaptic receptor, controlling the synthesis and release of HA as well as different other neurotransmitters in different brain regions, respectively. Despite several disappointing outcomes for several H3R antagonists/inverse agonists in clinical studies addressing their effectiveness in Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and schizophrenia (SCH), numerous H3R antagonists/inverse agonists showed great potentials in modulating memory and cognition, mood, and sleep-wake cycle, thus suggesting its potential role in neurocognitive and neurodegenerative diseases such as AD, PD, SCH, narcolepsy, and major depression in preclinical rodent models. In this review, we present preclinical applications of selected H3R antagonists/inverse agonists and their pharmacological effects on cognitive impairment, anxiety, depression, and sleep-wake cycle disorders. Collectively, the current review highlights the behavioral impact of developments of H3R antagonists/inverse agonists, aiming to further encourage researchers in the preclinical drug development field to profile the potential therapeutic role of novel antagonists/inverse agonists targeting histamine H3Rs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mera Alhusaini
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.,Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nermin Eissa
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.,Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ali K Saad
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.,Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rami Beiram
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.,Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bassem Sadek
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.,Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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4
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Hirano K, Morishita Y, Minami M, Nomura H. The impact of pitolisant, an H 3 receptor antagonist/inverse agonist, on perirhinal cortex activity in individual neuron and neuronal population levels. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7015. [PMID: 35551460 PMCID: PMC9098477 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11032-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Histamine is a neurotransmitter that modulates neuronal activity and regulates various brain functions. Histamine H3 receptor (H3R) antagonists/inverse agonists enhance its release in most brain regions, including the cerebral cortex, which improves learning and memory and exerts an antiepileptic effect. However, the mechanism underlying the effect of H3R antagonists/inverse agonists on cortical neuronal activity in vivo remains unclear. Here, we show the mechanism by which pitolisant, an H3R antagonist/inverse agonist, influenced perirhinal cortex (PRh) activity in individual neuron and neuronal population levels. We monitored neuronal activity in the PRh of freely moving mice using in vivo Ca2+ imaging through a miniaturized one-photon microscope. Pitolisant increased the activity of some PRh neurons while decreasing the activity of others without affecting the mean neuronal activity across neurons. Moreover, it increases neuron pairs with synchronous activity in excitatory-responsive neuronal populations. Furthermore, machine learning analysis revealed that pitolisant altered the neuronal population activity. The changes in the population activity were dependent on the neurons that were excited and inhibited by pitolisant treatment. These findings indicate that pitolisant influences the activity of a subset of PRh neurons by increasing the synchronous activity and modifying the population activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyosuke Hirano
- Endowed Department of Cognitive Function and Pathology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Morishita
- Endowed Department of Cognitive Function and Pathology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Masabumi Minami
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nomura
- Endowed Department of Cognitive Function and Pathology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan. .,Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan.
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5
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Agrawal S, Singh V, Singh C, Singh A. A review on pathophysiological aspects of Sleep Deprivation. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets 2022; 22:CNSNDDT-EPUB-123413. [PMID: 35549867 DOI: 10.2174/1871527321666220512092718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sleep deprivation (SD) (also referred as insomnia) is a condition in which peoples fails to get enough sleep due to excessive yawning, facing difficulty to learn new concepts, forgetfulness as well as depressed mood. This could be occurs due to several possible reasons including medications, stress (caused by shift work). Despite the fact that sleep is important for the normal physiology, it currently affects millions of people around the world US (70 million) and Europe (45 million). Due to increase work demand nowadays lots of peoples experiencing sleep deprivation hence, this could be the reason for several car accident followed by death and morbidity. This review highlighted the impact of SD on neurotransmitter release and functions, theories (Flip-flop theory, oxidative stress theory, neuroinflammation theory, neurotransmitter theory, and hormonal theory) associated with SD pathogenesis apart from this it also demonstrate the molecular pathways underlying SD (PI3K and Akt , NF-κB, Nrf2, and adenosine pathway. However, this study also elaborates the SD induced changes in the level of neurotransmitters, hormonal, and mitochondrial functions. Along with this, it also covers several molecular aspects associated with SD as well. Through this study a link is made between SD and associated causes, which will further help to develop potential therapeutic strategy against SD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelly Agrawal
- Affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University Jalandhar, Punjab, India
| | - Vishesh Singh
- Affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University Jalandhar, Punjab, India
| | - Charan Singh
- Affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University Jalandhar, Punjab, India
| | - Arti Singh
- Affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University Jalandhar, Punjab, India
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6
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Laurino A, Gencarelli M, Raimondi L. The 3-iodothyronamine (T1AM) and the 3-iodothyroacetic acid (TA1) indicate a novel connection with the histamine system for neuroprotection. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 912:174606. [PMID: 34717926 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The 3-iodothyronamine (T1AM) and 3-iodothryoacetic acid (TA1), are endogenous occurring compounds structurally related with thyroid hormones (THs, the pro-hormone T4 and the active hormone T3) initially proposed as possible mediators of the rapid effects of T3. However, after years from their identification, the physio-pathological meaning of T1AM and TA1 tissue levels remains an unsolved issue while pharmacological evidence indicates both compounds promote in rodents central and peripheral effects with mechanisms which remain mostly elusive. Pharmacodynamics of T1AM includes the recognition of G-coupled receptors, ion channels but also biotransformation into an active metabolite, i.e. the TA1. Furthermore, long term T1AM treatment associates with post-translational modifications of cell proteins. Such array of signaling may represent an added value, rather than a limit, equipping T1AM to play different functions depending on local expression of targets and enzymes involved in its biotransformation. Up to date, no information regarding TA1 mechanistic is available. We here review some of the main findings describing effects of T1AM (and TA1) which suggest these compounds interplay with the histaminergic system. These data reveal T1AM and TA1 are part of a network of signals involved in neuronal plasticity including neuroprotection and suggest T1AM and TA1 as lead compounds for a novel class of atypical psychoactive drugs.
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7
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Naganuma F, Nakamura T, Kuroyanagi H, Tanaka M, Yoshikawa T, Yanai K, Okamura N. Chemogenetic modulation of histaminergic neurons in the tuberomamillary nucleus alters territorial aggression and wakefulness. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17935. [PMID: 34504120 PMCID: PMC8429727 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95497-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Designer receptor activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) techniques are widely used to modulate the activities of specific neuronal populations during behavioural tasks. However, DREADDs-induced modulation of histaminergic neurons in the tuberomamillary nucleus (HATMN neurons) has produced inconsistent effects on the sleep–wake cycle, possibly due to the use of Hdc-Cre mice driving Cre recombinase and DREADDs activity outside the targeted region. Moreover, previous DREADDs studies have not examined locomotor activity and aggressive behaviours, which are also regulated by brain histamine levels. In the present study, we investigated the effects of HATMN activation and inhibition on the locomotor activity, aggressive behaviours and sleep–wake cycle of Hdc-Cre mice with minimal non-target expression of Cre-recombinase. Chemoactivation of HATMN moderately enhanced locomotor activity in a novel open field. Activation of HATMN neurons significantly enhanced aggressive behaviour in the resident–intruder test. Wakefulness was increased and non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep decreased for an hour by HATMN chemoactivation. Conversely HATMN chemoinhibition decreased wakefulness and increased NREM sleep for 6 h. These changes in wakefulness induced by HATMN modulation were related to the maintenance of vigilance state. These results indicate the influences of HATMN neurons on exploratory activity, territorial aggression, and wake maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumito Naganuma
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 1-15-1 Fukumuro, Miyagino-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 983-8536, Japan
| | - Tadaho Nakamura
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 1-15-1 Fukumuro, Miyagino-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 983-8536, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Kuroyanagi
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 1-15-1 Fukumuro, Miyagino-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 983-8536, Japan
| | - Masato Tanaka
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 1-15-1 Fukumuro, Miyagino-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 983-8536, Japan
| | - Takeo Yoshikawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Yanai
- Department of Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Okamura
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 1-15-1 Fukumuro, Miyagino-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 983-8536, Japan
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8
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Provensi G, Passani MB, Blandina P. Different Peas in the Same Pod: The Histaminergic Neuronal Heterogeneity. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2021. [PMID: 34455575 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2021_241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The histaminergic neuronal system is recently receiving increasing attention, as much has been learned over the past 25 years about histamine role as a neurotransmitter. Indeed, this amine is crucial in maintaining arousal and provides important contributions to regulate circadian rhythms, energy, endocrine homeostasis, motor behavior, and cognition. The extent to which these distinct physiological functions are operated by independent histamine neuronal subpopulation is unclear. In the rat brain histamine neuronal cell bodies are grouped within the tuberomamillary nucleus of the posterior hypothalamus in five clusters, E1-E5, each sending overlapping axons throughout the entire central nervous system with no strict topographical pattern. These features lead to the concept that histamine regulation of a wide range of functions in the central nervous system is achieved by the histaminergic neuronal system as a whole. However, increasing experimental evidence suggesting that the histaminergic system is organized into distinct pathways modulated by selective mechanisms challenges this view. In this review, we summarized experimental evidence supporting the heterogeneity of histamine neurons, and their organization in functionally distinct circuits impinging on separate brain regions and displaying selective control mechanisms. This implies independent functions of subsets of histaminergic neurons according to their respective origin and terminal projections with relevant consequences for the development of specific compounds that affect only subsets of histamine neurons, thus increasing the target specificity.
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9
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Abstract
In pharmacological studies conducted on animals over the last four decades, histamine was determined to be a strong modulator of learning and memory. Activation of histamine signaling enhances memory consolidation and retrieval. Even long after learning and forgetting, it can still restore the retrieval of forgotten memories. These findings based on animal studies led to human clinical trials with histamine H3 receptor antagonists/inverse agonists, which revealed their positive effects on learning and memory. Therefore, histamine signaling is a promising therapeutic target for improving cognitive impairments in patients with various neuropsychiatric disorders, including Alzheimer's disease. While the memory-modulatory effects of histamine receptor agonists and antagonists have been confirmed by several research groups, the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. This review summarizes how the activation and inhibition of histamine signaling influence memory processes, introduces the cellular and circuit mechanisms, and discusses the relationship between the human histaminergic system and learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Nomura
- Department of Cognitive Function and Pathology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Rintaro Shimizume
- Department of Cognitive Function and Pathology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuji Ikegaya
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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10
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Abstract
Sleep is crucial for optimal well-being, and sex differences in sleep quality have significant implications for women's health. We review the current literature on sex differences in sleep, such as differences in objective and subjective sleep measures and their relationship with aging. We then discuss the convincing evidence for the role of ovarian hormones in regulating female sleep, and survey how these hormones act on a multitude of brain regions and neurochemicals to impact sleep. Lastly, we identify several important areas in need of future research to narrow the knowledge gap and improve the health of women and other understudied populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kimberly J. Jennings
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
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11
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Yoshikawa T, Nakamura T, Yanai K. Histaminergic neurons in the tuberomammillary nucleus as a control centre for wakefulness. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 178:750-769. [PMID: 32744724 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Histamine plays pleiotropic roles as a neurotransmitter in the physiology of brain function, this includes the maintenance of wakefulness, appetite regulation and memory retrieval. Since numerous studies have revealed an association between histaminergic dysfunction and diverse neuropsychiatric disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia, a large number of compounds acting on the brain histamine system have been developed to treat neurological disorders. In 2016, pitolisant, which was developed as a histamine H3 receptor inverse agonist by Schwartz and colleagues, was launched for the treatment of narcolepsy, emphasising the prominent role of brain histamine on wakefulness. Recent advances in neuroscientific techniques such as chemogenetic and optogenetic approaches have led to remarkable progress in the understanding of histaminergic neural circuits essential for the control of wakefulness. In this review article, we summarise the basic knowledge about the histaminergic nervous system and the mechanisms underlying sleep/wake regulation that are controlled by the brain histamine system. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Neurochemistry in Japan. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.4/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeo Yoshikawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tadaho Nakamura
- Department of Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Yanai
- Department of Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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12
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Schröder S, Steinmetz NA, Krumin M, Pachitariu M, Rizzi M, Lagnado L, Harris KD, Carandini M. Arousal Modulates Retinal Output. Neuron 2020; 107:487-495.e9. [PMID: 32445624 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
At various stages of the visual system, visual responses are modulated by arousal. Here, we find that in mice this modulation operates as early as in the first synapse from the retina and even in retinal axons. To measure retinal activity in the awake, intact brain, we imaged the synaptic boutons of retinal axons in the superior colliculus. Their activity depended not only on vision but also on running speed and pupil size, regardless of retinal illumination. Arousal typically reduced their visual responses and selectivity for direction and orientation. Recordings from retinal axons in the optic tract revealed that arousal modulates the firing of some retinal ganglion cells. Arousal had similar effects postsynaptically in colliculus neurons, independent of activity in the other main source of visual inputs to the colliculus, the primary visual cortex. These results indicate that arousal modulates activity at every stage of the mouse visual system.
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13
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Abstract
Histamine was first identified in the brain about 50 years ago, but only in the last few years have researchers gained an understanding of how it regulates sleep/wake behavior. We provide a translational overview of the histamine system, from basic research to new clinical trials demonstrating the usefulness of drugs that enhance histamine signaling. The tuberomammillary nucleus is the sole neuronal source of histamine in the brain, and like many of the arousal systems, histamine neurons diffusely innervate the cortex, thalamus, and other wake-promoting brain regions. Histamine has generally excitatory effects on target neurons, but paradoxically, histamine neurons may also release the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA. New research demonstrates that activity in histamine neurons is essential for normal wakefulness, especially at specific circadian phases, and reducing activity in these neurons can produce sedation. The number of histamine neurons is increased in narcolepsy, but whether this affects brain levels of histamine is controversial. Of clinical importance, new compounds are becoming available that enhance histamine signaling, and clinical trials show that these medications reduce sleepiness and cataplexy in narcolepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Scammell
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Alexander C Jackson
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
| | - Nicholas P Franks
- Department of Life Sciences and UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, UK
| | - William Wisden
- Department of Life Sciences and UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Yves Dauvilliers
- Centre National de Référence Narcolepsie Hypersomnies, Unité des Troubles du Sommeil, Service de Neurologie, Hôpital Gui-de-Chauliac, Université Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
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14
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Abstract
Over the past decade, basic sleep research investigating the circuitry controlling sleep and wakefulness has been boosted by pharmacosynthetic approaches, including chemogenetic techniques using designed receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADD). DREADD offers a series of tools that selectively control neuronal activity as a way to probe causal relationship between neuronal sub-populations and the regulation of the sleep-wake cycle. Following the path opened by optogenetics, DREADD tools applied to discrete neuronal sub-populations in numerous brain areas quickly made their contribution to the discovery and the expansion of our understanding of critical brain structures involved in a wide variety of behaviors and in the control of vigilance state architecture.
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15
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Chauveau F, De Job E, Poly-Thomasson B, Cavroy R, Thomasson J, Fromage D, Beracochea D. Procognitive impact of ciproxifan (a histaminergic H 3 receptor antagonist) on contextual memory retrieval after acute stress. CNS Neurosci Ther 2019; 25:832-841. [PMID: 31094061 PMCID: PMC6630007 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Although cognitive deficits commonly co-occur with stress-related emotional disorders, effect of procognitive drugs such as histaminergic H3 receptor antagonists are scarcely studied on memory retrieval in stress condition. METHODS Experiment 1. Memory of two successive spatial discriminations (D1 then D2) 24 hours after learning was studied in a four-hole board in mice. H3 receptor antagonist ciproxifan (ip 3 mg/kg) and acute stress (three electric footshocks; 0.9 mA; 15 ms) were administered 30 and 15 minutes respectively before memory retrieval test. Fos immunostaining was performed to evaluate the neural activity of several brain areas. Experiment 2. Effects of ciproxifan and acute stress were evaluated on anxiety-like behavior in the elevated plus maze and glucocorticoid activity using plasma corticosterone assay. RESULTS Experiment 1. Ciproxifan increased memory retrieval of D2 in nonstress condition and of D1 in stress one. Ciproxifan mitigated the stress-induced increase of Fos expression in the prelimbic and infralimbic cortex, the central and basolateral amygdala and the CA1 of dorsal hippocampus. Experiment 2. Ciproxifan dampened the stress-induced anxiety-like behavior and plasma corticosterone increase. CONCLUSION Ciproxifan improved contextual memory retrieval both in stress and nonstress conditions without exacerbating behavioral and endocrine responses to stress. Overall, these data suggest potential usefulness of H3 receptor antagonists as cognitive enhancer both in nonstress and stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Chauveau
- IRBA (Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées) BP73, Bretigny-sur-Orge Cedex, France
| | - Elodie De Job
- IRBA (Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées) BP73, Bretigny-sur-Orge Cedex, France
| | - Betty Poly-Thomasson
- IRBA (Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées) BP73, Bretigny-sur-Orge Cedex, France
| | - Raphaël Cavroy
- IRBA (Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées) BP73, Bretigny-sur-Orge Cedex, France
| | - Julien Thomasson
- IRBA (Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées) BP73, Bretigny-sur-Orge Cedex, France
| | - Dominique Fromage
- IRBA (Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées) BP73, Bretigny-sur-Orge Cedex, France
| | - Daniel Beracochea
- INCIA (Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine), UMR CNRS 5287, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
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Qian S, Wang Y, Zhang X. Inhibiting Histamine Signaling Ameliorates Vertigo Induced by Sleep Deprivation. J Mol Neurosci 2019; 67:411-417. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-018-1244-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Lin JS, Roussel B, Gaspar A, Zhao Y, Hou Y, Schmidt M, Jouvet A, Jouvet M. The unfinished journey with modafinil and discovery of a novel population of modafinil-immunoreactive neurons. Sleep Med 2018; 49:40-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Chazalon M, Dumas S, Bernard JF, Sahly I, Tronche F, de Kerchove d'Exaerde A, Hamon M, Adrien J, Fabre V, Bonnavion P. The GABAergic Gudden's dorsal tegmental nucleus: A new relay for serotonergic regulation of sleep-wake behavior in the mouse. Neuropharmacology 2018; 138:315-330. [PMID: 29908240 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin (5-HT) neurons are involved in wake promotion and exert a strong inhibitory influence on rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Such effects have been ascribed, at least in part to the action of 5-HT at post-synaptic 5-HT1A receptors (5-HT1AR) in the brainstem, a major wake/REM sleep regulatory center. However, the neuroanatomical substrate through which 5-HT1AR influence sleep remains elusive. We therefore investigated whether a brainstem structure containing a high density of 5-HT1AR mRNA, the GABAergic Gudden's dorsal tegmental nucleus (DTg), may contribute to 5-HT-mediated regulatory mechanisms of sleep-wake stages. We first found that bilateral lesions of the DTg promote wake at the expense of sleep. In addition, using local microinjections into the DTg in freely moving mice, we showed that local activation of 5-HT1AR by the prototypical agonist 8-OH-DPAT enhances wake and reduces deeply REM sleep duration. The specific involvement of 5-HT1AR in the latter effects was further demonstrated by ex vivo extracellular recordings showing that the selective 5-HT1AR antagonist WAY 100635 prevented DTg neuron inhibition by 8-OH-DPAT. We next found that GABAergic neurons of the ventral DTg exclusively targets glutamatergic neurons of the lateral mammillary nucleus (LM) in the posterior hypothalamus by means of anterograde and retrograde tracing techniques using cre driver mouse lines and a modified rabies virus. Altogether, our findings strongly support the idea that 5-HT-driven enhancement of wake results from 5-HT1AR-mediated inhibition of DTg GABAergic neurons that would in turn disinhibit glutamatergic neurons in the mammillary bodies. We therefore propose a Raphe→DTg→LM pathway as a novel regulatory circuit underlying 5-HT modulation of arousal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Chazalon
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), ULB Neurosciences Institute, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Jean-François Bernard
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Inserm, Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences (CPN), 75014, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine (NPS), Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), 75005, Paris, France
| | - Iman Sahly
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine (NPS), Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), 75005, Paris, France
| | - François Tronche
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine (NPS), Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), 75005, Paris, France
| | - Alban de Kerchove d'Exaerde
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), ULB Neurosciences Institute, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michel Hamon
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Inserm, Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences (CPN), 75014, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine (NPS), Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), 75005, Paris, France
| | - Joëlle Adrien
- Université Paris Descartes, VIFASOM, Hôtel-Dieu de Paris, 75004, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Fabre
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine (NPS), Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), 75005, Paris, France.
| | - Patricia Bonnavion
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), ULB Neurosciences Institute, Brussels, Belgium; Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Inserm, Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences (CPN), 75014, Paris, France.
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Fujita A, Bonnavion P, Wilson MH, Mickelsen LE, Bloit J, de Lecea L, Jackson AC. Hypothalamic Tuberomammillary Nucleus Neurons: Electrophysiological Diversity and Essential Role in Arousal Stability. J Neurosci 2017; 37:9574-92. [PMID: 28874450 DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0580-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Histaminergic (HA) neurons, found in the posterior hypothalamic tuberomammillary nucleus (TMN), extend fibers throughout the brain and exert modulatory influence over numerous physiological systems. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that the activity of HA neurons is important in the regulation of vigilance despite the lack of direct, causal evidence demonstrating its requirement for the maintenance of arousal during wakefulness. Given the strong correlation between HA neuron excitability and behavioral arousal, we investigated both the electrophysiological diversity of HA neurons in brain slices and the effect of their acute silencing in vivo in male mice. For this purpose, we first validated a transgenic mouse line expressing cre recombinase in histidine decarboxylase-expressing neurons (Hdc-Cre) followed by a systematic census of the membrane properties of both HA and non-HA neurons in the ventral TMN (TMNv) region. Through unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis, we found electrophysiological diversity both between TMNv HA and non-HA neurons, and among HA neurons. To directly determine the impact of acute cessation of HA neuron activity on sleep-wake states in awake and behaving mice, we examined the effects of optogenetic silencing of TMNv HA neurons in vivo We found that acute silencing of HA neurons during wakefulness promotes slow-wave sleep, but not rapid eye movement sleep, during a period of low sleep pressure. Together, these data suggest that the tonic firing of HA neurons is necessary for the maintenance of wakefulness, and their silencing not only impairs arousal but is sufficient to rapidly and selectively induce slow-wave sleep.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The function of monoaminergic systems and circuits that regulate sleep and wakefulness is often disrupted as part of the pathophysiology of many neuropsychiatric disorders. One such circuit is the posterior hypothalamic histamine (HA) system, implicated in supporting wakefulness and higher brain function, but has been difficult to selectively manipulate owing to cellular heterogeneity in this region. Here we use a transgenic mouse to interrogate both the characteristic firing properties of HA neurons and their specific role in maintaining wakefulness. Our results demonstrate that the acute, cell type-specific silencing of HA neurons during wakefulness is sufficient to not only impair arousal but to rapidly and selectively induce slow-wave sleep. This work furthers our understanding of HA-mediated mechanisms that regulate behavioral arousal.
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Abstract
Modulation between sleep and wake states is controlled by a number of heterogeneous neuron populations. Due to the topological proximity and genetic co-localization of the neurons underlying sleep-wake state modulation optogenetic methods offer a significant improvement in the ability to benefit from both the precision of genetic targeting and millisecond temporal control. Beginning with an overview of the neuron populations mediating arousal, this review outlines the progress that has been made in the investigation of arousal circuits since the incorporation of optogenetic techniques and the first in vivo application of optogenetic stimulation in hypocretin neurons in the lateral hypothalamus. This overview is followed by a discussion of the future progress that can be made by incorporating more recent technological developments into the research of neural circuits.
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Sun Y, Jiang SY, Ni J, Luo YJ, Chen CR, Hong ZY, Yanagawa Y, Qu WM, Wang L, Huang ZL. Ethanol inhibits histaminergic neurons in mouse tuberomammillary nucleus slices via potentiating GABAergic transmission onto the neurons at both pre- and postsynaptic sites. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2016; 37:1325-1336. [PMID: 27498778 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2016.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Ethanol, one of the most frequently used and abused substances in our society, has a profound impact on sedation. However, the neuronal mechanisms underlying its sedative effect remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of ethanol on histaminergic neurons in the tuberomammillary nucleus (TMN), a brain region thought to be critical for wakefulness. METHODS Coronal brain slices (250 μm thick) containing the TMN were prepared from GAD67-GFP knock-in mice. GAD67-GFP was used to identify histaminergic neurons in the TMN. The spontaneous firing and membrane potential of histaminergic neurons, and GABAergic transmission onto these neurons were recorded using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings. Drugs were applied through superfusion. RESULTS Histaminergic and GAD67-expressing neurons in the TMN of GAD67-GFP mice were highly co-localized. TMN GFP-positive neurons exhibited a regular spontaneous discharge at a rate of 2-4 Hz without burst firing. Brief superfusion of ethanol (64, 190, and 560 mmol/L) dose-dependently and reversibly suppressed the spontaneous firing of the neurons in the TMN; when synaptic transmission was blocked by tetrodotoxin (1 μmol/L), ethanol caused hyperpolarization of the membrane potential. Furthermore, superfusion of ethanol markedly increased the frequency and amplitude of spontaneous and miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs and mIPSCs), which were abolished in the presence of the GABAA receptor antagonist bicuculline (20 μmol/L). Finally, ethanol-mediated enhancement of sIPSCs and mIPSCs was significantly attenuated when the slices were pretreated with the GABAB agonist baclofen (30 μmol/L). CONCLUSION Ethanol inhibits the excitability of histaminergic neurons in mouse TMN slices, possibly via potentiating GABAergic transmission onto the neurons at both pre- and postsynaptic sites.
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Parmentier R, Zhao Y, Perier M, Akaoka H, Lintunen M, Hou Y, Panula P, Watanabe T, Franco P, Lin JS. Role of histamine H1-receptor on behavioral states and wake maintenance during deficiency of a brain activating system: A study using a knockout mouse model. Neuropharmacology 2015; 106:20-34. [PMID: 26723880 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Using knockout (KO) mice lacking the histamine (HA)-synthesizing enzyme (histidine decarboxylase, HDC), we have previously shown the importance of histaminergic neurons in maintaining wakefulness (W) under behavioral challenges. Since the central actions of HA are mediated by several receptor subtypes, it remains to be determined which one(s) could be responsible for such a role. We have therefore compared the cortical-EEG, sleep and W under baseline conditions or behavioral/pharmacological stimuli in littermate wild-type (WT) and H1-receptor KO (H1-/-) mice. We found that H1-/- mice shared several characteristics with HDC KO mice, i.e. 1) a decrease in W after lights-off despite its normal baseline daily amount; 2) a decreased EEG slow wave sleep (SWS)/W power ratio; 3) inability to maintain W in response to behavioral challenges demonstrated by a decreased sleep latency when facing various stimuli. These effects were mediated by central H1-receptors. Indeed, in WT mice, injection of triprolidine, a brain-penetrating H1-receptor antagonist increased SWS, whereas ciproxifan (H3-receptor antagonist/inverse agonist) elicited W; all these injections had no effect in H1-/- mice. Finally, H1-/- mice showed markedly greater changes in EEG power (notably in the 0.8-5 Hz band) and sleep-wake cycle than in WT mice after application of a cholinergic antagonist or an indirect agonist, i.e., scopolamine or physostigmine. Hence, the role of HA in wake-promotion is largely ensured by H1-receptors. An upregulated cholinergic system may account for a quasi-normal daily amount of W in HDC or H1-receptor KO mice and likely constitutes a major compensatory mechanism when the brain is facing deficiency of an activating system. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Histamine Receptors'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Régis Parmentier
- Waking Team, Integrative Physiology of the Brain Arousal Systems, CRNL, INSERM-U1028, CNRS UMR5292, School of Medicine, Claude Bernard University, Lyon, France
| | - Yan Zhao
- Waking Team, Integrative Physiology of the Brain Arousal Systems, CRNL, INSERM-U1028, CNRS UMR5292, School of Medicine, Claude Bernard University, Lyon, France; Department of Physiology, Zhongshan Medical College, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Magali Perier
- Waking Team, Integrative Physiology of the Brain Arousal Systems, CRNL, INSERM-U1028, CNRS UMR5292, School of Medicine, Claude Bernard University, Lyon, France
| | - Hideo Akaoka
- Waking Team, Integrative Physiology of the Brain Arousal Systems, CRNL, INSERM-U1028, CNRS UMR5292, School of Medicine, Claude Bernard University, Lyon, France
| | - Minnamaija Lintunen
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yiping Hou
- Department of Neuroscience, Anatomy, Histology & Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Pertti Panula
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Takeshi Watanabe
- Unit for Immune Surveillance Research, Research Center for Allergy and Immunology, RIKEN Institute, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Patricia Franco
- Waking Team, Integrative Physiology of the Brain Arousal Systems, CRNL, INSERM-U1028, CNRS UMR5292, School of Medicine, Claude Bernard University, Lyon, France
| | - Jian-Sheng Lin
- Waking Team, Integrative Physiology of the Brain Arousal Systems, CRNL, INSERM-U1028, CNRS UMR5292, School of Medicine, Claude Bernard University, Lyon, France.
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Wang YQ, Li R, Wu X, Zhu F, Takata Y, Zhang Z, Zhang MQ, Li SQ, Qu WM. Fasting activated histaminergic neurons and enhanced arousal effect of caffeine in mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2015; 133:164-73. [PMID: 25895691 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Caffeine, a popular psychoactive compound, promotes wakefulness via blocking adenosine A2A receptors in the shell of the nucleus accumbens, which projects to the arousal histaminergic tuberomammillary nucleus (TMN). The TMN controls several behaviors such as wakefulness and feeding. Fasting has been reported to activate the TMN histaminergic neurons to increase arousal. Therefore, we propose that caffeine may promote greater arousal under fasting rather than normal feeding conditions. In the current study, locomotor activity recording, electroencephalogram (EEG) and electromyogram recording and c-Fos expression were used in wild type (WT) and histamine H1 receptor (H1R) knockout (KO) mice to investigate the arousal effects of caffeine under fasting conditions. Caffeine (15mg/kg) enhanced locomotor activity in fasted mice for 5h, but only did so for 3h in normally fed animals. Pretreatment with the H1R antagonist pyrilamine abolished caffeine-induced stimulation on locomotor activity in fasted mice. EEG recordings confirmed that caffeine-induced wakefulness for 3h in fed WT mice, and for 5h in fasted ones. A stimulatory effect of caffeine was not observed in fasted H1R KO mice. Furthermore, c-Fos expression was increased in the TMN under fasting conditions. These results indicate that caffeine had greater wakefulness-promoting effects in fasted mice through the mediation of H1R.
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Wang Y, Takata Y, Li R, Zhang Z, Zhang M, Urade Y, Qu W, Huang Z. Doxepin and diphenhydramine increased non-rapid eye movement sleep through blockade of histamine H1 receptors. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2015; 129:56-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Sundvik M, Panula P. Interactions of the orexin/hypocretin neurones and the histaminergic system. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2015; 213:321-33. [PMID: 25484194 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 10/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Histaminergic and orexin/hypocretin systems are components in the brain wake-promoting system. Both are affected in the sleep disorder narcolepsy, but the role of histamine in narcolepsy is unclear. The histaminergic neurones are activated by the orexin/hypocretin system in rodents, and the development of the orexin/hypocretin neurones is bidirectionally regulated by the histaminergic system in zebrafish. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the interactions of these two systems in normal and pathological conditions in humans and different animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Sundvik
- Institute of Biomedicine, Anatomy, and Neuroscience center; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - P. Panula
- Institute of Biomedicine, Anatomy, and Neuroscience center; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
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He C, Luo F, Chen X, Chen F, Li C, Ren S, Qiao Q, Zhang J, de Lecea L, Gao D, Hu Z. Superficial Layer-Specific Histaminergic Modulation of Medial Entorhinal Cortex Required for Spatial Learning. Cereb Cortex 2015; 26:1590-1608. [PMID: 25595181 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhu322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) plays a crucial role in spatial learning and memory. Whereas the MEC receives a dense histaminergic innervation from the tuberomamillary nucleus of the hypothalamus, the functions of histamine in this brain region remain unclear. Here, we show that histamine acts via H1Rs to directly depolarize the principal neurons in the superficial, but not deep, layers of the MEC when recording at somata. Moreover, histamine decreases the spontaneous GABA, but not glutamate, release onto principal neurons in the superficial layers by acting at presynaptic H3Rs without effect on synaptic release in the deep layers. Histamine-induced depolarization is mediated via inhibition of Kir channels and requires the activation of protein kinase C, whereas the inhibition of spontaneous GABA release by histamine depends on voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels and extracellular Ca(2+). Furthermore, microinjection of the H1R or H3R, but not H2R, antagonist respectively into the superficial, but not deep, layers of MEC impairs rat spatial learning as assessed by water maze tasks but does not affect the motor function and exploratory activity in an open field. Together, our study indicates that histamine plays an essential role in spatial learning by selectively regulating neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission in the superficial layers of the MEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao He
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, PR China
| | - Fenlan Luo
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, PR China
| | - Xingshu Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, PR China
| | - Fang Chen
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, PR China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, PR China
| | - Shuancheng Ren
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, PR China
| | - Qicheng Qiao
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, PR China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, PR China
| | - Luis de Lecea
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Dong Gao
- Department of Sleep and Psychology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, PR China
| | - Zhian Hu
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, PR China
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Li B, Zhu JN, Wang JJ. Histaminergic afferent system in the cerebellum: structure and function. Cerebellum Ataxias 2014; 1:5. [PMID: 26331029 PMCID: PMC4549136 DOI: 10.1186/2053-8871-1-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Histaminergic afferent system of the cerebellum, having been considered as an essential component of the direct hypothalamocerebellar circuits, originates from the tuberomammillary nucleus in the hypothalamus. Unlike the mossy fibers and climbing fibers, the histaminergic afferent fibers, a third type of cerebellar afferents, extend fine varicose fibers throughout the cerebellar cortex and nuclei. Histamine receptors, belonging to the family of G protein-coupled receptors, are widely present in the cerebellum. Through these histamine receptors, histamine directly excites Purkinje cells and granule cells in the cerebellar cortex, as well as the cerebellar nuclear neurons. Therefore, the histaminergic afferents parallelly modulate these dominant components in the cerebellar circuitry and consequently influence the final output of the cerebellum. In this way, the histaminergic afferent system actively participates in the cerebellum-mediated motor balance and coordination and nonsomatic functions. Accordingly, histaminergic reagents may become potential drugs for clinical treatment of cerebellar ataxia and other cerebellar disease. On the other hand, considering the hypothalamus is a high regulatory center for autonomic and visceral activities, the hypothalamocerebellar histaminergic fibers/projections, bridging the nonsomatic center to somatic structure, may play a critical role in the somatic-nonsomatic integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Department of Biological Science and Technology and State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Mailbox 426, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093 China
| | - Jing-Ning Zhu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology and State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Mailbox 426, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093 China
| | - Jian-Jun Wang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology and State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Mailbox 426, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093 China
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Chauveau F, Laudereau K, Libourel PA, Gervasoni D, Thomasson J, Poly B, Pierard C, Beracochea D. Ciproxifan improves working memory through increased prefrontal cortex neural activity in sleep-restricted mice. Neuropharmacology 2014; 85:349-56. [PMID: 24796256 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Histamine receptor type 3 (H3) antagonists are promising awakening drugs for treatment of sleep disorders. However, few works have tried to identify their cognitive effects after sleep restriction and their impact on associated neural networks. To that aim, Bl/6J male mice were submitted to acute sleep restriction in a shaker apparatus that prevents sleep by transient (20-40 ms) up and down movements. Number of stimulations (2-4), and delay between 2 stimulations (100-200 ms) were randomized. Each sequence of stimulation was also randomly administered (10-30 s interval) for 20 consecutive hours during light (8 h) and dark (12 h) phases. Immediately after 20 h-sleep restriction, mice were injected with H3 antagonist (ciproxifan 3 mg/kg ip) and submitted 30-min later to a working memory (WM) task using spatial spontaneous alternation behaviour. After behavioural testing, brains were perfused for Fos immunohistochemistry to assess neuronal brain activation in the dorsal dentate gyrus (dDG) and the prefrontal cortex. Results showed that sleep restriction decreased slow wave sleep (from 35.8±1.4% to 9.2±2.7%, p<0.001) and was followed by sleep rebound (58.2±5.9%, p<0.05). Sleep restriction did not modify anxiety-like reactivity and significantly decreased WM at long (30 s) but not short (5 s) inter-trial intervals. Whereas sleep restriction failed to significantly modify immunopositive cells in vehicles, ciproxifan administration prevented WM deficits in sleep restricted mice through significant increases of Fos labelling in prelimbic, infralimbic and cingulate 2 cortex. In conclusion, ciproxifan at 3 mg/kg enhanced WM in sleep restricted mice through specific modulation of prefrontal cortex areas.
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Porkka-Heiskanen T, Zitting KM, Wigren HK. Sleep, its regulation and possible mechanisms of sleep disturbances. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2013; 208:311-28. [PMID: 23746394 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The state of sleep consists of different phases that proceed in successive, tightly regulated order through the night forming a physiological program, which for each individual is different but stabile from one night to another. Failure to accomplish this program results in feeling of unrefreshing sleep and tiredness in the morning. The program core is constructed by genetic factors but regulated by circadian rhythm and duration and intensity of day time brain activity. Many environmental factors modulate sleep, including stress, health status and ingestion of vigilance-affecting nutrients or medicines (e.g. caffeine). Acute sleep loss results in compromised cognitive performance, memory deficits, depressive mood and involuntary sleep episodes during the day. Moreover, prolonged sleep curtailment has many adverse health effects, as evidenced by both epidemiological and experimental studies. These effects include increased risk for depression, type II diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular diseases. In addition to voluntary restriction of sleep, shift work, irregular working hours, jet lag and stress are important factors that induce curtailed or bad quality sleep and/or insomnia. This review covers the current theories on the function of normal sleep and describes current knowledge on the physiologic effects of sleep loss. It provides insights into the basic mechanisms of the regulation of wakefulness and sleep creating a theoretical background for understanding different disturbances of sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - K.-M. Zitting
- Institute of Biomedicine; University of Helsinki; Helsinki; Finland
| | - H.-K. Wigren
- Institute of Biomedicine; University of Helsinki; Helsinki; Finland
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Monti JM, Torterolo P, Lagos P. Melanin-concentrating hormone control of sleep–wake behavior. Sleep Med Rev 2013; 17:293-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2012.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2012] [Revised: 10/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Gondard E, Anaclet C, Akaoka H, Guo RX, Zhang M, Buda C, Franco P, Kotani H, Lin JS. Enhanced histaminergic neurotransmission and sleep-wake alterations, a study in histamine H3-receptor knock-out mice. Neuropsychopharmacology 2013; 38:1015-31. [PMID: 23303066 PMCID: PMC3629391 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2012.266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Long-term abolition of a brain arousal system impairs wakefulness (W), but little is known about the consequences of long-term enhancement. The brain histaminergic arousal system is under the negative control of H3-autoreceptors whose deletion results in permanent enhancement of histamine (HA) turnover. In order to determine the consequences of enhancement of the histaminergic system, we compared the cortical EEG and sleep-wake states of H3-receptor knockout (H3R-/-) and wild-type mouse littermates. We found that H3R-/-mice had rich phenotypes. On the one hand, they showed clear signs of enhanced HA neurotransmission and vigilance, i.e., a higher EEG θ power during spontaneous W and a greater extent of W or sleep restriction during behavioral tasks, including environmental change, locomotion, and motivation tests. On the other hand, during the baseline dark period, they displayed deficient W and signs of sleep deterioration, such as pronounced sleep fragmentation and reduced cortical slow activity during slow wave sleep (SWS), most likely due to a desensitization of postsynaptic histaminergic receptors as a result of constant HA release. Ciproxifan (H3-receptor inverse agonist) enhanced W in wild-type mice, but not in H3R-/-mice, indicating a functional deletion of H3-receptors, whereas triprolidine (postsynaptic H1-receptor antagonist) or α-fluoromethylhistidine (HA-synthesis inhibitor) caused a greater SWS increase in H3R-/- than in wild-type mice, consistent with enhanced HA neurotransmission. These sleep-wake characteristics and the obesity phenotypes previously reported in this animal model suggest that chronic enhancement of histaminergic neurotransmission eventually compromises the arousal system, leading to sleep-wake, behavioral, and metabolic disorders similar to those caused by voluntary sleep restriction in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Gondard
- Integrative Physiology of the Brain Arousal Systems, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028-CNRS UMR 5292, Faculty of Medicine, Claude Bernard University, Lyon, France
| | - Christelle Anaclet
- Integrative Physiology of the Brain Arousal Systems, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028-CNRS UMR 5292, Faculty of Medicine, Claude Bernard University, Lyon, France
| | - Hidéo Akaoka
- Integrative Physiology of the Brain Arousal Systems, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028-CNRS UMR 5292, Faculty of Medicine, Claude Bernard University, Lyon, France
| | - Rui-Xian Guo
- Integrative Physiology of the Brain Arousal Systems, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028-CNRS UMR 5292, Faculty of Medicine, Claude Bernard University, Lyon, France
| | - Mei Zhang
- Integrative Physiology of the Brain Arousal Systems, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028-CNRS UMR 5292, Faculty of Medicine, Claude Bernard University, Lyon, France
| | - Colette Buda
- Integrative Physiology of the Brain Arousal Systems, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028-CNRS UMR 5292, Faculty of Medicine, Claude Bernard University, Lyon, France
| | - Patricia Franco
- Integrative Physiology of the Brain Arousal Systems, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028-CNRS UMR 5292, Faculty of Medicine, Claude Bernard University, Lyon, France
| | | | - Jian-Sheng Lin
- Integrative Physiology of the Brain Arousal Systems, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028-CNRS UMR 5292, Faculty of Medicine, Claude Bernard University, Lyon, France,Integrative Physiology of the Brain Arousal Systems, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028-CNRS UMR 5292, Faculty of Medicine, Claude Bernard University, 8 av. Rockefeller, 69373, Lyon, Cedex 08 69373, France, Tel: (33) 478 777 116, Fax: (33) 478 777 150, E-mail:
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Abstract
In the auditory system of the big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus), paired conditioned tonal (CS) and unconditioned leg stimuli (US) for auditory fear conditioning elicit tone-specific plasticity represented by best-frequency (BF) shifts that are augmented by acetylcholine, whereas unpaired CS and US for pseudoconditioning elicit a small BF shift and prominent nonspecific plasticity at the same time. The latter represents the nonspecific augmentations of auditory responses accompanied by the broadening of frequency tuning and decrease in threshold. It is unknown which neuromodulators are important in evoking the nonspecific plasticity. We found that histamine (HA) and an HA3 receptor (HA3R) agonist (α-methyl-HA) decreased, but an HA3R antagonist (thioperamide) increased, cortical auditory responses; that the HA3R agonist applied to the primary auditory cortex before pseudoconditioning abolished the nonspecific augmentation in the cortex without affecting the small cortical BF shift; and that antagonists of acetylcholine, norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin receptors did not abolish the nonspecific augmentation elicited by pseudoconditioning. The histaminergic system plays an important role in eliciting the arousal and defensive behavior, possibly through nonspecific augmentation. Thus HA modulates the nonspecific augmentation, whereas acetylcholine amplifies the BF shifts. These two neuromodulators may mediate differential gating of cortical plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqing Ji
- Dept. of Biology, Washington Univ, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
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Abstract
This review summarizes the brain mechanisms controlling sleep and wakefulness. Wakefulness promoting systems cause low-voltage, fast activity in the electroencephalogram (EEG). Multiple interacting neurotransmitter systems in the brain stem, hypothalamus, and basal forebrain converge onto common effector systems in the thalamus and cortex. Sleep results from the inhibition of wake-promoting systems by homeostatic sleep factors such as adenosine and nitric oxide and GABAergic neurons in the preoptic area of the hypothalamus, resulting in large-amplitude, slow EEG oscillations. Local, activity-dependent factors modulate the amplitude and frequency of cortical slow oscillations. Non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep results in conservation of brain energy and facilitates memory consolidation through the modulation of synaptic weights. Rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep results from the interaction of brain stem cholinergic, aminergic, and GABAergic neurons which control the activity of glutamatergic reticular formation neurons leading to REM sleep phenomena such as muscle atonia, REMs, dreaming, and cortical activation. Strong activation of limbic regions during REM sleep suggests a role in regulation of emotion. Genetic studies suggest that brain mechanisms controlling waking and NREM sleep are strongly conserved throughout evolution, underscoring their enormous importance for brain function. Sleep disruption interferes with the normal restorative functions of NREM and REM sleep, resulting in disruptions of breathing and cardiovascular function, changes in emotional reactivity, and cognitive impairments in attention, memory, and decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritchie E Brown
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, VA Boston Healthcare System and Harvard Medical School, Brockton, Massachusetts 02301, USA
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Abstract
In the past decades there has been an increasing focus on the relationship of sleep and anesthesia. This relationship bears on the fundamental scientific questions in anesthesiology, such as the mechanism of anesthetic-induced unconsciousness. However, given the increasing prevalence of sleep disorders in surgical patients, the interfaces of sleep and anesthesia are now a pressing clinical concern. This article discusses sleep and anesthesia from the perspective of phenotype, mechanism and function, with some concluding thoughts on the relevance to neuroanesthesiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A Mashour
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1H247 University Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Zhao P, Shao Y, Zhang M, Fan K, Kong X, Wang R, Hou Y. Neuropeptide S promotes wakefulness through activation of the posterior hypothalamic histaminergic and orexinergic neurons. Neuroscience 2012; 207:218-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2011] [Revised: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Song X, Guo W, Yu Q, Liu X, Xiang Z, He C, Burnstock G. Regional expression of P2Y(4) receptors in the rat central nervous system. Purinergic Signal 2011; 7:469-88. [PMID: 21769584 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-011-9246-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
P2Y receptors are G protein-coupled receptors composed of eight known subunits (P2Y(1, 2, 4, 6, 11, 12, 13, 14)), which are involved in different functions in neural tissue. The present study investigates the expression pattern of P2Y(4) receptors in the rat central nervous system (CNS) using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. The specificity of the immunostaining has been verified by preabsorption, Western blot, and combined use of immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. Neurons expressing P2Y(4) receptors were distributed widely in the rat CNS. Heavy P2Y(4) receptor immunostaining was observed in the magnocellular neuroendocrine neurons of the hypothalamus, red nucleus, pontine nuclei, mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus, motor trigeminal nucleus, ambiguous nucleus, inferior olive, hypoglossal nucleus, and dorsal motor vagus nucleus. Both neurons and astrocytes express P2Y(4) receptors. P2Y(4) receptor immunostaining signals were mainly confined to cell bodies and dendrites of neurons, suggesting that P2Y(4) receptors are mainly involved in regulating postsynaptic events. In the hypothalamus, all the vasopressin (VP) and oxytocin (OT) neurons and all the orexin A neurons were immunoreactive for P2Y(4) receptors. All the neurons expressing P2Y(4) receptors were found to express N-methyl-D: -aspartate receptor 1 (NR1). These data suggest that purines and pyrimidines might be involved in regulation of the release of the neuropeptides VP, OT, and orexin in the rat hypothalamus via P2Y(4) receptors. Further, the physiological and pathophysiological functions of the neurons may operate through coupling between P2Y(4) receptors and NR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianmin Song
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Ministry of Education, Neuroscience Research Centre of Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
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Yanovsky Y, Schubring S, Fleischer W, Gisselmann G, Zhu XR, Lübbert H, Hatt H, Rudolph U, Haas HL, Sergeeva OA. GABAA receptors involved in sleep and anaesthesia: β1- versus β3-containing assemblies. Pflugers Arch 2012; 463:187-99. [PMID: 21735059 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-011-0988-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Revised: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The histaminergic neurons of the posterior hypothalamus (tuberomamillary nucleus-TMN) control wakefulness, and their silencing through activation of GABA(A) receptors (GABA(A)R) induces sleep and is thought to mediate sedation under propofol anaesthesia. We have previously shown that the β1 subunit preferring fragrant dioxane derivatives (FDD) are highly potent modulators of GABA(A)R in TMN neurons. In recombinant receptors containing the β3N265M subunit, FDD action is abolished and GABA potency is reduced. Using rat, wild-type and β3N265M mice, FDD and propofol, we explored the relative contributions of β1- and β3-containing GABA(A)R to synaptic transmission from the GABAergic sleep-on ventrolateral preoptic area neurons to TMN. In β3N265M mice, GABA potency remained unchanged in TMN neurons, but it was decreased in cultured posterior hypothalamic neurons with impaired modulation of GABA(A)R by propofol. Spontaneous and evoked GABAergic synaptic currents (IPSC) showed β1-type pharmacology, with the same effects achieved by 3 μM propofol and 10 μM PI24513. Propofol and the FDD PI24513 suppressed neuronal firing in the majority of neurons at 5 and 100 μM, and in all cells at 10 and 250 μM, respectively. FDD given systemically in mice induced sedation but not anaesthesia. Propofol-induced currents were abolished (1-6 μM) or significantly reduced (12 μM) in β3N265M mice, whereas gating and modulation of GABA(A)R by PI24513 as well as modulation by propofol were unchanged. In conclusion, β1-containing (FDD-sensitive) GABA(A)R represent the major receptor pool in TMN neurons responding to GABA, while β3-containing (FDD-insensitive) receptors are gated by low micromolar doses of propofol. Thus, sleep and anaesthesia depend on different GABA(A)R types.
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Abstract
Sigmund Freud's thesis was that there is a censorship during waking that prevents memory of events, drives, wishes, and feelings from entering the consciousness because they would induce anxiety due to their emotional or ethical unacceptability. During dreaming, because the efficiency of censorship is decreased, latent thought contents can, after dream-work involving condensation and displacement, enter the dreamer's consciousness under the figurative form of manifest content. The quasi-closed dogma of psychoanalytic theory as related to unconscious processes is beginning to find neurobiological confirmation during waking. Indeed, there are active processes that suppress (repress) unwanted memories from entering consciousness. In contrast, it is more difficult to find neurobiological evidence supporting an organized dream-work that would induce meaningful symbolic content, since dream mentation most often only shows psychotic-like activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Gottesmann
- Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
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Conen S, Theunissen EL, Vermeeren A, Ramaekers JG. Short-term effects of morning versus evening dose of hydroxyzine 50 mg on cognition in healthy volunteers. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2011; 31:294-301. [PMID: 21508863 DOI: 10.1097/JCP.0b013e318218943c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that the sedative properties of antihistamines can differ considerably between individual drugs. Several factors have been suggested to determine the presence, absence, and/or magnitude of sedation by antihistamines. Research has suggested that the sedative effects caused by central H1 blockade partly depend on the availability of histamine competing for the same receptor and that this competition is affected by a mechanism related to sleep. Consequently, the present study was designed to compare the effects of evening and morning doses of the first-generation antihistamine hydroxyzine on cognition. It was expected that the sedative effect of hydroxyzine would be apparent in the evening after an evening dose but would be smaller in the morning after a morning dose owing to the greater release of histamine shortly after awakening. Eighteen participants (9 females) participated in a placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind 3-way crossover design. Performance was assessed using several psychomotor tests: that is, divided attention task, critical tracking task, stop signal task, the attention network test, and the experimental attention switch task. Results demonstrated that evening doses of hydroxyzine impaired performance on the divided attention and the attention network test. Impairment after morning doses was generally larger in magnitude and affected performance measures in all tasks. It is concluded that hydroxyzine-induced impairment at tmax is more prominent after morning doses compared with evening doses and that the present study could not present direct evidence to substantiate the hypothesis that histamine availability inversely affects the magnitude of antihistamine impairment.
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Lin JS, Anaclet C, Sergeeva OA, Haas HL. The waking brain: an update. Cell Mol Life Sci 2011; 68:2499-512. [PMID: 21318261 PMCID: PMC3134769 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0631-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2010] [Revised: 12/25/2010] [Accepted: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Wakefulness and consciousness depend on perturbation of the cortical soliloquy. Ascending activation of the cerebral cortex is characteristic for both waking and paradoxical (REM) sleep. These evolutionary conserved activating systems build a network in the brainstem, midbrain, and diencephalon that contains the neurotransmitters and neuromodulators glutamate, histamine, acetylcholine, the catecholamines, serotonin, and some neuropeptides orchestrating the different behavioral states. Inhibition of these waking systems by GABAergic neurons allows sleep. Over the past decades, a prominent role became evident for the histaminergic and the orexinergic neurons as a hypothalamic waking center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Sheng Lin
- INSERM-U628, Integrative Physiology of Brain Arousal Systems, Claude Bernard University, 69373, Lyon, France
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Nuutinen S, Vanhanen J, Pigni MC, Panula P. Effects of histamine H3 receptor ligands on the rewarding, stimulant and motor-impairing effects of ethanol in DBA/2J mice. Neuropharmacology 2010; 60:1193-9. [PMID: 21044640 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2010.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2010] [Revised: 09/29/2010] [Accepted: 10/26/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Histamine H3 receptor (H3R) antagonists are currently being investigated for the possible therapeutic use in various cognitive deficits such as those in schizophrenia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and Alzheimer's disease. Our previous studies suggest a role for H3Rs in ethanol-related behaviors in rat and mice. Here we have examined the role of different H3R ligands on the effects of ethanol in conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm, stimulation of locomotor activity and motor impairment in rotarod and balance beam in male DBA/2J mice. We found that H3R antagonists ciproxifan and JNJ-10181457 inhibited the ethanol-evoked CPP whereas H3R agonist immepip did not alter ethanol-induced place preference. Acute stimulatory response by ethanol was also modulated by H3R ligands. Ciproxifan increased ethanol activation when ethanol was given 1g/kg but not at 1.5g/kg dose. Immepip pretreatment diminished ethanol stimulation and increased motor-impairing effects of ethanol on the balance beam. In conclusion, these findings give further evidence of the involvement of H3R in the regulation of the effects of ethanol. The inhibition of ethanol reward by H3R antagonism implies that H3R might be a possible target to suppress compulsory ethanol seeking. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Trends in neuropharmacology: in memory of Erminio Costa'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saara Nuutinen
- Neuroscience Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 63, Haartmaninkatu 8, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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Abstract
The histaminergic system fulfills a major role in the maintenance of waking. Histaminergic neurons are located exclusively in the posterior hypothalamus from where they project to most areas of the central nervous system. The histamine H(3) receptors are autoreceptors damping histamine synthesis, the firing frequency of histamine neurons, and the release of histamine from axonal varicosities. It is noteworthy that this action also extends to heteroreceptors on the axons of most other neurotransmitter systems, allowing a powerful control over multiple homeostatic functions. The particular properties and locations of histamine H(3) receptors provide quite favorable attributes to make this a most promising target for pharmacological interventions of sleep and waking disorders associated with narcolepsy, Parkinson's disease, and other neuropsychiatric indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Sheng Lin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Integrative Physiology of Brain Arousal Systems, Claude Bernard University, Lyon, France
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Abstract
The histaminergic system is exclusively localized within the posterior hypothalamus with projection to almost all the major regions of the central nervous system. Strong and consistent evidence exist to suggest that histamine, acting via H₁ and/or H₃ receptor has a pivotal role in the regulation of sleep-wakefulness. Administration of histamine or H₁ receptor agonists induces wakefulness, whereas administration of H₁ receptor antagonists promotes sleep. The H₃ receptor functions as an auto-receptor and regulates the synthesis and release of histamine. Activation of H₃ receptor reduces histamine release and promotes sleep. Conversely, blockade of H₃ receptor promotes wakefulness. Histamine release in the hypothalamus and other target regions is highest during wakefulness. The histaminergic neurons display maximal activity during the state of high vigilance, and cease their activity during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. The cerebrospinal levels of histamine are reduced in diseased states where hypersomnolence is a major symptom. The histamine deficient L-histidine decarboxylase knockout (HDC KO) mice display sleep fragmentation and increased REM sleep during the light period along with profound wakefulness deficit at dark onset, and in novel environment. Similar results have been obtained when histamine neurons are lesioned. These studies strongly implicate the histaminergic neurons of the TMN to play a critical role in the maintenance of high vigilance state during wakefulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh M Thakkar
- Neurology, University of Missouri, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Research, Room A023, 800 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO 65210, USA.
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Motawaj M, Burban A, Davenas E, Gbahou F, Faucard R, Morisset S, Arrang JM. Le système histaminergique : une cible pour de nouveaux traitements des deficits cognitifs. Therapie 2010; 65:415-22. [DOI: 10.2515/therapie/2010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2010] [Accepted: 04/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Cordella R, Carella F, Franzini A, Marras C, Villani F, Messina G, Tringali G, Broggi G. Intraoperative microrecordings in the posterior hypothalamus of anaesthetized humans with aggressive behaviour. Neurol Sci 2010; 31:183-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-010-0217-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2008] [Accepted: 01/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Anaclet C, Parmentier R, Ouk K, Guidon G, Buda C, Sastre JP, Akaoka H, Sergeeva OA, Yanagisawa M, Ohtsu H, Franco P, Haas HL, Lin JS. Orexin/hypocretin and histamine: distinct roles in the control of wakefulness demonstrated using knock-out mouse models. J Neurosci 2009; 29:14423-38. [PMID: 19923277 DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2604-09.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the respective role played by orexin/hypocretin and histamine (HA) neurons in maintaining wakefulness (W), we characterized the behavioral and sleep-wake phenotypes of orexin (Ox) knock-out (-/-) mice and compared them with those of histidine-decarboxylase (HDC, HA-synthesizing enzyme)-/- mice. While both mouse strains displayed sleep fragmentation and increased paradoxical sleep (PS), they presented a number of marked differences: (1) the PS increase in HDC(-/-) mice was seen during lightness, whereas that in Ox(-/-) mice occurred during darkness; (2) contrary to HDC(-/-), Ox(-/-) mice had no W deficiency around lights-off, nor an abnormal EEG and responded to a new environment with increased W; (3) only Ox(-/-), but not HDC(-/-) mice, displayed narcolepsy and deficient W when faced with motor challenge. Thus, when placed on a wheel, wild-type (WT), but not littermate Ox(-/-) mice, voluntarily spent their time in turning it and as a result, remained highly awake; this was accompanied by dense c-fos expression in many areas of their brains, including Ox neurons in the dorsolateral hypothalamus. The W and motor deficiency of Ox(-/-) mice was due to the absence of Ox because intraventricular dosing of orexin-A restored their W amount and motor performance whereas SB-334867 (Ox1-receptor antagonist, i.p.) impaired W and locomotion of WT mice during the test. These data indicate that Ox, but not HA, promotes W through enhanced locomotion and suggest that HA and Ox neurons exert a distinct, but complementary and synergistic control of W: the neuropeptide being more involved in its behavioral aspects, whereas the amine is mainly responsible for its qualitative cognitive aspects and cortical EEG activation.
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Guo RX, Anaclet C, Roberts JC, Parmentier R, Zhang M, Guidon G, Buda C, Sastre JP, Feng JQ, Franco P, Brown SH, Upton N, Medhurst AD, Lin JS. Differential effects of acute and repeat dosing with the H3 antagonist GSK189254 on the sleep-wake cycle and narcoleptic episodes in Ox-/- mice. Br J Pharmacol 2009; 157:104-17. [PMID: 19413575 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00205.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Histamine H3 receptor antagonists are currently being evaluated in clinical trials for a number of central nervous system disorders including narcolepsy. These agents can increase wakefulness (W) in cats and rodents following acute administration, but their effects after repeat dosing have not been reported previously. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH EEG and EMG recordings were used to investigate the effects of acute and repeat administration of the novel H3 antagonist GSK189254 on the sleep-wake cycle in wild-type (Ox+/+) and orexin knockout (Ox-/-) mice, the latter being genetically susceptible to narcoleptic episodes. In addition, we investigated H3 and H1 receptor expression in this model using radioligand binding and autoradiography. KEY RESULTS In Ox+/+ and Ox-/- mice, acute administration of GSK189254 (3 and 10 mg x kg(-1) p.o.) increased W and decreased slow wave and paradoxical sleep to a similar degree to modafinil (64 mg x kg(-1)), while it reduced narcoleptic episodes in Ox-/- mice. After twice daily dosing for 8 days, the effect of GSK189254 (10 mg x kg(-1)) on W in both Ox+/+ and Ox-/- mice was significantly reduced, while the effect on narcoleptic episodes in Ox-/- mice was significantly increased. Binding studies revealed no significant differences in H3 or H1 receptor expression between Ox+/+ and Ox-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These studies provide further evidence to support the potential use of H3 antagonists in the treatment of narcolepsy and excessive daytime sleepiness. Moreover, the differential effects observed on W and narcoleptic episodes following repeat dosing could have important implications in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R X Guo
- INSERM/UCBL-U628, Integrated Physiology of Brain Arousal Systems, Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Claude Bernard University, Lyon Cedex, France
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Parmentier R, Kolbaev S, Klyuch BP, Vandael D, Lin JS, Selbach O, Haas HL, Sergeeva OA. Excitation of histaminergic tuberomamillary neurons by thyrotropin-releasing hormone. J Neurosci 2009; 29:4471-83. [PMID: 19357273 DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2976-08.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The histaminergic tuberomamillary nucleus (TMN) controls arousal and attention, and the firing of TMN neurons is state-dependent, active during waking, silent during sleep. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) promotes arousal and combats sleepiness associated with narcolepsy. Single-cell reverse-transcription-PCR demonstrated variable expression of the two known TRH receptors in the majority of TMN neurons. TRH increased the firing rate of most (ca 70%) TMN neurons. This excitation was abolished by the TRH receptor antagonist chlordiazepoxide (CDZ; 50 mum). In the presence of tetrodotoxin (TTX), TRH depolarized TMN neurons without obvious change of their input resistance. This effect reversed at the potential typical for nonselective cation channels. The potassium channel blockers barium and cesium did not influence the TRH-induced depolarization. TRH effects were antagonized by inhibitors of the Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger, KB-R7943 and benzamil. The frequency of GABAergic spontaneous IPSCs was either increased (TTX-insensitive) or decreased [TTX-sensitive spontaneous IPSCs (sIPSCs)] by TRH, indicating a heterogeneous modulation of GABAergic inputs by TRH. Facilitation but not depression of sIPSC frequency by TRH was missing in the presence of the kappa-opioid receptor antagonist nor-binaltorphimine. Montirelin (TRH analog, 1 mg/kg, i.p.) induced waking in wild-type mice but not in histidine decarboxylase knock-out mice lacking histamine. Inhibition of histamine synthesis by (S)-alpha-fluoromethylhistidine blocked the arousal effect of montirelin in wild-type mice. We conclude that direct receptor-mediated excitation of rodent TMN neurons by TRH demands activation of nonselective cation channels as well as electrogenic Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchange. Our findings indicate a key role of the brain histamine system in TRH-induced arousal.
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