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Chen F, Zhu X. Activin A Reduces Porcine Granulosa Cells Apoptosis via ERβ-Dependent ROS Modulation. Vet Sci 2022; 9. [PMID: 36548865 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9120704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Unfavorable conditions compromise animal reproduction by altering the ovarian granulosa cells' follicular dynamics and normal physiological function (GCs), eventually resulting in oxidative damage and cell apoptosis. Activin is produced in the GCs and plays a vital role in folliculogenesis. This study investigated the effects of activin A (ACT-A) treatment in vitro on the apoptosis of porcine GCs and the underlying molecular mechanism. We found that ACT-A could attenuate the apoptosis of the GCs and enhance the synthesis of estrogen (E2). ACT-A also enhanced FSH-induced estrogen receptor-β (ERβ) expression, inhibiting ERβ aggravated intracellular accumulation of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis. The E2 levels in the culture medium, the mRNA expression pattern of the apoptosis-related genes (CASPASE 3, BCL2, and BAX), steroidogenesis-related gene (CYP19A1), and cell viability were analyzed to confirm the results. In summary, this study indicated the protective role of ACT-A in apoptosis by attenuating the ROS accumulation through ERβ. These results aim to enhance the follicular functions and improve animal reproductive performance.
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2
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Doroszko M, Chrusciel M, Stelmaszewska J, Slezak T, Anisimowicz S, Plöckinger U, Quinkler M, Bonomi M, Wolczynski S, Huhtaniemi I, Toppari J, Rahman NA. GnRH antagonist treatment of malignant adrenocortical tumors. Endocr Relat Cancer 2019; 26:103-117. [PMID: 30400009 PMCID: PMC6215908 DOI: 10.1530/erc-17-0399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aberrantly expressed G protein-coupled receptors in tumors are considered as potential therapeutic targets. We analyzed the expressions of receptors of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GNRHR), luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin (LHCGR) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSHR) in human adrenocortical carcinomas and assessed their response to GnRH antagonist therapy. We further studied the effects of the GnRH antagonist cetrorelix acetate (CTX) on cultured adrenocortical tumor (ACT) cells (mouse Cα1 and Y-1, and human H295R), and in vivo in transgenic mice (SV40 T-antigen expression under inhibin α promoter) bearing Lhcgr and Gnrhr in ACT. Both models were treated with control (CT), CTX, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) or CTX+hCG, and their growth and transcriptional changes were analyzed. In situ hybridization and qPCR analysis of human adrenocortical carcinomas (n = 11-13) showed expression of GNRHR in 54/73%, LHCGR in 77/100% and FSHR in 0%, respectively. CTX treatment in vitro decreased cell viability and proliferation, and increased caspase 3/7 activity in all treated cells. In vivo, CTX and CTX+hCG (but not hCG alone) decreased ACT weights and serum LH and progesterone concentrations. CTX treatment downregulated the tumor markers Lhcgr and Gata4. Upregulated genes included Grb10, Rerg, Nfatc and Gnas, all recently found to be abundantly expressed in healthy adrenal vs ACT. Our data suggest that CTX treatment may improve the therapy of human adrenocortical carcinomas by direct action on GNRHR-positive cancer cells inducing apoptosis and/or reducing gonadotropin release, directing tumor cells towards a healthy adrenal gene expression profile.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joanna Stelmaszewska
- Department of Reproduction and Gynecological EndocrinologyMedical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Tomasz Slezak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Ursula Plöckinger
- Interdisciplinary Center of Metabolism: EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolism, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus Quinkler
- Endocrinology in CharlottenburgBerlin, Germany
- Department of Clinical EndocrinologyCharité Campus Mitte, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marco Bonomi
- Department of Clinical Sciences & Community HealthUniversity of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Slawomir Wolczynski
- Department of Reproduction and Gynecological EndocrinologyMedical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Ilpo Huhtaniemi
- Institute of BiomedicineUniversity of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Surgery and CancerFaculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, U.K.
| | - Jorma Toppari
- Institute of BiomedicineUniversity of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of PediatricsTurku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Nafis A Rahman
- Institute of BiomedicineUniversity of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Reproduction and Gynecological EndocrinologyMedical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
- Correspondence should be addressed to N Rahman:
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3
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Yeh HY, Sun D, Peng YC, Wu YL. Regulation of the regulator of G protein signaling 2 expression and cellular localization by PKA and PKC pathways in mouse granulosa cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:950-955. [PMID: 29932914 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.06.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) activation-mediated PKA and PKC pathways have been recognized to be important in ovarian physiology. Expression of regulator of G-protein signaling 2 (RGS2) has been reported in ovarian granulosa cells. The detailed mechanisms in PKA- and PKC-regulated RGS2 expression and cellular translocation in granulosa cells remain mostly unclear. PKA activator 8-bromo-cAMP and PKC activator phorbol-12, 13-didecanoate appeared to rapidly elevate both protein and mRNA levels and promoter activation of RGS2 gene. Two consensus Sp1 elements within the shortest 78 bp fragment of RGS2 promoter sequence were essential for the full responsiveness to PKA and PKC. PKC activation appeared to increase the RGS2 translocation from nucleus to cytosol. PKA- and PKC-mediated RGS2 transcription in a Sp-1-dependent manner and a PKC-mediated RGS2 intracellular translocation were noted in granulosa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Yu Yeh
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - David Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chun Peng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Lin Wu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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4
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Lei M, Cai L, Li H, Chen Z, Shi Z. Transcriptome sequencing analysis of porcine granulosa cells treated with an anti-inhibin antibody. Reprod Biol 2017; 17:79-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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5
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Stelmaszewska J, Chrusciel M, Doroszko M, Akerfelt M, Ponikwicka-Tyszko D, Nees M, Frentsch M, Li X, Kero J, Huhtaniemi I, Wolczynski S, Rahman NA. Revisiting the expression and function of follicle-stimulation hormone receptor in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37095. [PMID: 27848975 PMCID: PMC5111068 DOI: 10.1038/srep37095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of follicle-stimulation hormone receptor (FSHR) is confined to gonads and at low levels to some extragonadal tissues like human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). FSH-FSHR signaling was shown to promote HUVEC angiogenesis and thereafter suggested to have an influential role in pregnancy. We revisited hereby the expression and functionality of FSHR in HUVECs angiogenesis, and were unable to reproduce the FSHR expression in human umbilical cord, HUVECs or immortalized HUVECs (HUV-ST). Positive controls as granulosa cells and HEK293 cells stably transfected with human FSHR cDNA expressed FSHR signal. In contrast to positive control VEGF, FSH treatment showed no effects on tube formation, nitric oxide production, wound healing or cell proliferation in HUVEC/HUV-ST. Thus, it remains open whether the FSH-FSHR activation has a direct regulatory role in the angiogenesis of HUVECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Stelmaszewska
- Department of Reproduction and Gynecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15276 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Marcin Chrusciel
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Physiology, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland.,Department of Biology and Pathology of Human Reproduction, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Science, 10714 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Milena Doroszko
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Physiology, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Malin Akerfelt
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Donata Ponikwicka-Tyszko
- Department of Biology and Pathology of Human Reproduction, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Science, 10714 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Matthias Nees
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Marco Frentsch
- Regenerative Immunology and Aging, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, CVK Charité University Medicine, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Xiangdong Li
- State Key Lab for Agrobiotechnology, China Agriculture University, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Jukka Kero
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Physiology, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Ilpo Huhtaniemi
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Physiology, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland.,Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, W12 ONN London, UK
| | - Slawomir Wolczynski
- Department of Reproduction and Gynecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15276 Bialystok, Poland.,Department of Biology and Pathology of Human Reproduction, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Science, 10714 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Nafis A Rahman
- Department of Reproduction and Gynecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15276 Bialystok, Poland.,Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Physiology, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
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Cai L, Sun A, Li H, Tsinkgou A, Yu J, Ying S, Chen Z, Shi Z. Molecular mechanisms of enhancing porcine granulosa cell proliferation and function by treatment in vitro with anti-inhibin alpha subunit antibody. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2015; 13:26. [PMID: 25889399 PMCID: PMC4395973 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-015-0022-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was conducted to clarify the effect of the inhibiting action of inhibin on porcine granulosa cell proliferation and function, and to investigate the underlying intracellular regulatory molecular mechanisms. METHODS Porcine granulosa cells were cultured in vitro, and were treated with an anti-inhibin alpha subunit antibody, with or without co-treatment of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in the culture medium. RESULTS Treatment with anti-inhibin alpha subunit antibody led to a significant increase in estradiol (E2) secretion and cell proliferation. Anti-inhibin alpha subunit antibody worked synergistically with FSH at low concentrations (25 microg/mL) to stimulate E2 secretion, but attenuated FSH action at high concentrations (50 microg/mL). Immunoneutralization of inhibin bioactivity increased FOXL2, Smad3, and PKA phosphorylation, and mRNA expression of the transcription factors CEBP and c-FOS. The expression of genes encoding gonadotropin receptors, FSHR and LHR, and of those involved in steroidogenesis, as well as IGFs and IGFBPs, the cell cycle progression factors cyclinD1 and cyclinD2, and the anti-apoptosis and anti-atresia factors Bcl2, TIMP, and ADAMTS were upregulated following anti-inhibin alpha-subunit treatment. Treatment with anti-inhibin alpha subunit down regulated expression of the pro-apoptotic gene encoding caspase3. Although expression of the pro-angiogenesis genes FN1, FGF2, and VEGF was upregulated, expression of the angiogenesis-inhibiting factor THBS1 was downregulated following anti-inhibin alpha subunit treatment. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that immunoneutralization of inhibin bioactivity, through augmentation of the activin and gonadotropin receptor signaling pathways and regulation of gene expression, permits the development of healthy and viable granulosa cells. These molecular mechanisms help to explain the enhanced ovarian follicular development observed following inhibin immunization in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuping Cai
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Reproduction, Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China.
| | - Aidong Sun
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Reproduction, Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China.
| | - Hui Li
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Reproduction, Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China.
| | - Anastasia Tsinkgou
- Department of Life Science, Xijiao-Liverpool University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Jianning Yu
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Reproduction, Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China.
| | - Shijia Ying
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Reproduction, Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China.
| | - Zhe Chen
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Reproduction, Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China.
| | - Zhendan Shi
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Reproduction, Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China.
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Wardell JR, Hodgkinson KM, Binder AK, Seymour KA, Korach KS, Vanderhyden BC, Freiman RN. Estrogen responsiveness of the TFIID subunit TAF4B in the normal mouse ovary and in ovarian tumors. Biol Reprod 2013; 89:116. [PMID: 24068106 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.113.111336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen signaling in the ovary is a fundamental component of normal ovarian function, and evidence also indicates that excessive estrogen is a risk factor for ovarian cancer. We have previously demonstrated that the gonadally enriched TFIID subunit TAF4B, a paralog of the general transcription factor TAF4A, is required for fertility in mice and for the proliferation of ovarian granulosa cells following hormonal stimulation. However, the relationship between TAF4B and estrogen signaling in the normal ovary or during ovarian tumor initiation and progression has yet to be defined. Herein, we show that Taf4b mRNA and TAF4B protein, but not Taf4a mRNA or TAF4A protein, are increased in whole ovaries and granulosa cells of the ovary after exposure to 17beta-estradiol or the synthetic estrogen diethylstilbestrol and that this response occurs within hours after stimulation. Furthermore, this increase occurs via nuclear estrogen receptors both in vivo and in a mouse granulosa cancer cell line, NT-1. We observe a significant increase in Taf4b mRNA in estrogen-supplemented mouse ovarian tumors, which correlates with diminished survival of these mice. These data highlight the novel response of the general transcription factor TAF4B to estrogen in the normal ovary and during ovarian tumor progression in the mouse, suggesting its potential role in regulating actions downstream of estrogen stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R Wardell
- Pathobiology Graduate Program, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
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8
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Rahman NA, Bennink HJTC, Chrusciel M, Sharp V, Zimmerman Y, Dina R, Li X, Ellonen A, Rivero-Müller A, Dilworth S, Ghaem-Maghami S, Vainio O, Huhtaniemi I. A novel treatment strategy for ovarian cancer based on immunization against zona pellucida protein (ZP) 3. FASEB J 2011; 26:324-33. [PMID: 21974931 DOI: 10.1096/fj.11-192468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We tested the principle of treating malignant ovarian tumors by vaccination against their ectopically expressed protein, zona pellucida glycoprotein (ZP) 3, using as the experimental model the granulosa cell tumors that develop in transgenic mice expressing the simian virus 40 T-antigen under the inhibin-α promoter (inhα/Tag). We found high ZP3 expression in granulosa cell tumors of the transgenic mice, in human surface ovarian cancer and granulosa cell lines, and in human granulosa cell tumors and their metastases. Early preventive immunization (between 2 and 5.5 mo of age) of transgenic mice with recombinant human (rh) ZP3 prevented ovarian tumorigenesis, and delayed therapeutic immunization (between 4.5 and 7 mo) reduced weights of existing tumors by 86 and 75%, respectively (P<0.001), compared to vehicle-treated control mice. No objective side effects of the immunizations were observed. Liver metastases were found in nontreated/vehicle-treated controls (n=7/39), but none following active rhZP3 immunizations (n=0/36; P<0.05). Immunization with rhZP3 was highly effective, as demonstrated by the induction of anti-ZP3 antibodies, as well as proliferative responses to the ZP3 antigen. These results signal rhZP3 immunization as a novel strategy to be developed for the immunotherapy of ovarian granulosa cell tumors, as well as for that of other malignancies that may express ZP3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafis A Rahman
- Department of Physiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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9
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Abstract
Mammalian homologues of genes that control oogenesis in other organisms may play similar roles in mammalian ovarian development. In Drosophila melanogaster, GUSTAVUS (GUS) protein physically interacts with and is necessary for the proper posterior localization of VASA protein, and thus is required for specification of germ cells. We identified two mouse genes, SSB-1 and SSB-4 (SPRY domain SOCS box protein), whose protein products share 75% identity and are each approximately 70% identical to Drosophila GUS. Both SSB-1 and SSB-4 mRNA were detectable in mouse ovaries by Northern blotting of total and poly(A) + RNA, but were expressed in few other tissues. SSB-1 was detectable in testes, although the 3'-untranslated region of the mRNA was considerably shorter than the ovarian mRNA. In situ hybridization and RT-PCR analysis of ovaries revealed that both genes were expressed in granulosa cells at all stages of follicular development. In contrast, expression was barely detectable in in oocytes. Immunoblotting analysis revealed that SSB-1 protein was present in follicles at different stages of growth, and immunocytochemistry confirmed that SSB-1 and SSB-4 were detectable in granulosa cells of primary and subsequent stage follicles and that they were present in both mural and cumulus granulosa cells of antral follicles. These results establish that GUS-related proteins, which in Drosophila are restricted to the germ cells, are in the mouse instead expressed in the granulosa cells and are present throughout folliculogenesis. Based on their tissue-restricted pattern of expression and apparent abundance in granulosa cells, we propose that SSB-1 and SSB-4 play key roles in regulating granulosa cell physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xing
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Roger Gosden
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Infertility, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Paul Lasko
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hugh Clarke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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10
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Freimann S, Ben-Ami I, Dantes A, Armon L, Ben Ya'cov-Klein A, Ron-El R, Amsterdam A. Differential expression of genes coding for EGF-like factors and ADAMTS1 following gonadotropin stimulation in normal and transformed human granulosa cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 333:935-43. [PMID: 15967414 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.04.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2005] [Accepted: 04/08/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We have demonstrated previously that the synthesis of epiregulin and amphiregulin, of the EGF-like growth factor family, is stimulated by luteinizing hormone in human follicular (granulosa) cells obtained from in vitro fertilization program. In the present work, we demonstrate that H89, a PKA inhibitor, attenuated the expression of these growth factors both in the mRNA and the protein levels, suggesting PKA involvement in this signaling pathway. SV40-transformed human granulosa cells showed higher basal levels of epiregulin and amphiregulin than normal cells, which were still elevated following cAMP stimulation by Forskolin. Cleavage by a disintegrin and metalloproteinases (ADAMs) is essential for activation of these growth factors, allowing their interaction with EGF receptor. Expression of ADAMTS1 and ADAM12 was downregulated by cAMP in normal, but not in SV40-transformed cells, suggesting that in normal cells epiregulin and amphiregulin activity is downregulated by a feedback mechanism that may be lost in SV40-transformed cells and their loss of downregulation may be involved in the development of ovarian tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarit Freimann
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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11
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Bremer S, Balduzzi D, Cortvrindt R, Daston G, Eletti B, Galli A, Huhtaniemi I, Laws S, Lazzari G, Liminga U, Smitz J, Spano M, Themmen A, Tilloy A, Waalkens-Behrends I. The Effects of Chemicals on Mammalian Fertility. Altern Lab Anim 2005; 33:391-416. [PMID: 16185108 DOI: 10.1177/026119290503300406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Bremer
- ECB, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, European Commission Joint Research Centre, 21020 Ispra (VA), Italy
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12
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Segretain D, Decrouy X, Dompierre J, Escalier D, Rahman N, Fiorini C, Mograbi B, Siffroi JP, Huhtaniemi I, Fenichel P, Pointis G. Sequestration of connexin43 in the early endosomes: An early event of Leydig cell tumor progression. Mol Carcinog 2003; 38:179-87. [PMID: 14639657 DOI: 10.1002/mc.10160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Connexins form gap junction channels that allow intercellular communication between neighboring cells. Compelling evidence has revealed that Cx are tumor-suppressor genes and reduced Cx expression has been related with uncontrolled cell growth in tumors and transformed cells. In the present study, we addressed Cx transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulations during the earlier stage of testicular tumors confined to Leydig cells in a transgenic mice model. In situ hybridization indicated that connexin43 (Cx43) mRNA was highly expressed either at early tumorogenesis (3 m) characterized by intense proliferation of Leydig cells, or at advanced tumorogenesis (6-7 m) when tumor cells completely invaded the testis. In contrast, Cx43 protein analyzed by Western blotting or classic immunohistochemical analyses was present at the beginning of tumor progression, but was dramatically reduced as tumor advanced. Application of high-resolution deconvolution microscopy to testis sections demonstrates that cells that proliferate exhibited an aberrant cytoplasmic Cx43 localization, in contrast to the expected plasma membrane Cx43 localization in normal Leydig cells. Dual immunofluorescence labeling with specific markers of cellular compartments shows that cytoplasmic Cx43 signal was mainly sequestered within early endosomes. Altogether, this study provides the first evidence that impaired Cx43 trafficking in endosomes is an early event associated with uncontrolled cell proliferation that could serve as a neoplastic marker.
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13
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Huhtaniemi I, Zhang FP, Kero J, Hämäläinen T, Poutanen M. Transgenic and knockout mouse models for the study of luteinizing hormone and luteinizing hormone receptor function. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2002; 187:49-56. [PMID: 11988311 DOI: 10.1016/s0303-7207(01)00698-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The main functions of luteinizing hormone (LH) are concerned with regulation of gonadal function, and these functions are today well delineated through previous physiological studies. However, novel information of less well-known aspects of actions of this hormone is currently emerging from studies on genetically modified mouse models, with either enhanced or suppressed LH/LH receptor (LHR) function. The novel functions of LH include its role, in specific situations, as promoter of formation and growth of gonadal and extragonadal tumors. Chronically elevated LH levels in transgenic (TG) mice can also induce responses to this hormone in extragonadal tissues. The knockout (KO) mouse for the LHR has elucidated various less well-known details in the function of LH during ontogeny and adult life. Finally, studies on LHR promoter function have revealed that the expression of this gene occurs in age, sex and tissues-specific fashion. The purpose of this brief review is to summarize some of our recent findings upon studies of TG and KO mice with altered function of LH or its receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilpo Huhtaniemi
- Department of Physiology, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
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14
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Rahman NA, Huhtaniemi IT. Ovarian tumorigenesis in mice transgenic for murine inhibin alpha subunit promoter-driven Simian Virus 40 T-antigen: ontogeny, functional characteristics, and endocrine effects. Biol Reprod 2001; 64:1122-30. [PMID: 11259258 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod64.4.1122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported formation of ovarian granulosa cell tumors with 100% penetration in a transgenic mouse model with murine inhibin alpha subunit promoter-driven (inhalpha)/Simian Virus 40 T-antigen (Tag). The tumor-bearing inhalpha/Tag mice showed highly elevated serum levels of immunoreactive inhibin. To investigate the onset of tumorigenesis and related endocrine consequences, 6-8 female mice of two inhalpha/Tag lines and their mating control littermates were killed monthly between 1 and 6 mo of age. We also investigated tumorigenesis-related fertility aspects of these two mouse lines. The ontogeny and progression of tumors could be monitored in both inhalpha/Tag lines by alterations of ovarian weights and serum hormone levels. Serum progesterone levels increased in both inhalpha/Tag lines in an age-dependent manner as ovarian tumorigenesis progressed, and a reciprocal decrease occurred in serum LH and FSH. Neither serum estradiol (E(2)) nor uterine weights were significantly altered during tumorigenesis, suggesting that the ovarian tumors represented late stages of granulosa cell differentiation. In conclusion, the present findings show in the inhalpha/Tag TG mice a relation between endocrine consequences of granulosa cell tumorigenesis, and a connection of onset of tumor formation with aberrant steroidogenesis and gonadotropin secretion. These findings indicate that tumors are endocrinologically active and able to exert enhanced negative feedback effects on pituitary function. The tumors provide a good model for endocrinologically active hormone-dependent tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Rahman
- Department of Physiology, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
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