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Liu N, Zhang GX, Zhu CH, Lan XB, Tian MM, Zheng P, Peng XD, Li YX, Yu JQ. Antinociceptive and neuroprotective effect of echinacoside on peripheral neuropathic pain in mice through inhibiting P2X7R/FKN/CX3CR1 pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115675. [PMID: 37812887 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinically, neuropathic pain treatment remains a challenging issue because the major therapy, centred around pharmacological intervention, is not satisfactory enough to patient by reason of low effectiveness and more adverse reaction. Therefore, it is still necessary to find more effective and safe therapy to ameliorate neuropathic pain. The purpose of this study was to explore the antinociceptive effect of Echinacoside (ECH), an active compound of Cistanche deserticola Ma, on peripheral neuropathic pain induced by chronic constriction injury (CCI) in mice, and to demonstrate its potential mechanism in vivo and vitro. In the present study, results showed that intraperitoneal administration of ECH (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) could alleviate mechanical allodynia, cold allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia via behavioural test. Moreover, the structure and function of injured sciatic nerve by CCI were taken a turn for the better to a certain extent after ECH treatment using histopathological and electrophysiological test. Furthermore, ECH repressed the expression of the P2X7R and FKN and reduced the expression and release of the IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α. Besides, ECH could decrease Ca2+ influx and Cats efflux and inhibit phosphorylation of p38MAPK. To sum up, the present study illustrated that ECH could alleviate peripheral neuropathic pain by inhibiting microglia overactivation and inflammation through P2X7R/FKN/CX3CR1 signalling pathway in spinal cord. This study would provide a new perspective and strategy for the pharmacological treatment on neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Liu
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Drug Development and Generic Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Guo-Xin Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Hao Zhu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Lan
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Drug Development and Generic Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Miao-Miao Tian
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Drug Development and Generic Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Drug Development and Generic Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Peng
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Drug Development and Generic Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yu-Xiang Li
- School of Nursing, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.
| | - Jian-Qiang Yu
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Drug Development and Generic Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.
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Lei H, Wang X, Zhang Y, Cheng T, Mi R, Xu X, Zu X, Zhang W. Herba Cistanche (Rou Cong Rong): A Review of Its Phytochemistry and Pharmacology. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2021; 68:694-712. [PMID: 32741910 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c20-00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Herba Cistanche, known as Rou Cong Rong in Chinese, is a very valuable Chinese herbal medicine that has been recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Rou Cong Rong has been extensively used in clinical practice in traditional herbal formulations and has also been widely used as a health food supplement for a long time in Asian countries such as China and Japan. There are many bioactive compounds in Rou Cong Rong, the most important of which are phenylethanoid glycosides. This article summarizes the up-to-date information regarding the phytochemistry, pharmacology, processing, toxicity and safety of Rou Cong Rong to reveal its pharmacodynamic basis and potential therapeutic effects, which could be of great value for its use in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huibo Lei
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Yuhao Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | | | - Rui Mi
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Xike Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University
| | - Xianpeng Zu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.,School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University.,School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University
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Zhang SL, Ma L, Zhao J, You SP, Ma XT, Ye XY, Liu T. The Phenylethanol Glycoside Liposome Inhibits PDGF-Induced HSC Activation via Regulation of the FAK/PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24183282. [PMID: 31505837 PMCID: PMC6766902 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24183282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cistanche tubulosa is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine that is widely used to regulate immunity, and phenylethanol glycosides (CPhGs) are among the primary components responsible for this activity. However, the application of CPhGs is negatively affected by their poor absorption and low oral utilization. Targeted drug delivery is an important development direction for pharmaceutics. Previous studies have indicated that CPhGs could block the conduction of the signaling pathways in TGF-β1/smad and inhibit the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-hepatic fibrosis effect of CPhG liposomes by inhibiting HSC activation, promoting apoptosis, blocking the cell cycle, suppressing the conduction of signaling pathways in focal adhesion kinase(FAK)/phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(Akt), and determining their in vitro hepatoprotective activity. In vitro release studies demonstrated that CPhG liposomes have a sustained release effect compared to drug CPhGs. HSC proliferation was inhibited after treatment with the CPhG liposomes (29.45, 14.72, 7.36 µg/mL), with IC50 values of 42.54 µg/mL in the MTT assay. Different concentrations of the CPhG liposomes could inhibit HSC proliferation, promote apoptosis, and block the cell cycle. The MTT method showed an obvious inhibition of HSC proliferation after CPhG liposome and Recombinant Rat Platelet-derived growth factor-BB(rrPDGF-BB) treatment. The levels of collagen-1, metallopeptidase inhibitor 1 (TIMP-1), α smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and phosphorylated PI3K/Akt were downregulated, and matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) was upregulated, by pretreatment with different concentrations of CPhG liposomes. Moreover, 29.45 μg/mL of CPhG liposomes could decrease the expression of the FAK protein and the phosphorylated PI3K and Akt protein downstream of FAK by overexpression of the FAK gene. This experiment suggests that CPhG liposomes may inhibit the activation of HSCs by inhibiting FAK and then reducing the expression of phosphorylated Akt/PI3K, thereby providing new insights into the application of CPhGs for liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Lei Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Xinyi Road No.393, Urumqi 830011, China.
| | - Long Ma
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Xinyi Road No.393, Urumqi 830011, China.
| | - Jun Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Uighur Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica of Xinjiang, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Tianshan District, Xinhua South Road No. 140, Urumqi 830004, China.
| | - Shu-Ping You
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Xinyi Road No.393, Urumqi 830011, China.
| | - Xiao-Ting Ma
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Xinyi Road No.393, Urumqi 830011, China.
| | - Xiao-Yan Ye
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Xinyi Road No.393, Urumqi 830011, China.
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Xinyi Road No.393, Urumqi 830011, China.
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Zhao B, Lian J, Wang D, Li Q, Feng S, Li J, Zhang A. Evaluation of aqueous extracts of Cistanche deserticola as a polysaccharide adjuvant for seasonal influenza vaccine in young adult mice. Immunol Lett 2019; 213:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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zhang H, Xiang Z, Duan X, Jiang JL, Xing YM, Zhu C, Song Q, Yu QR. Antitumor and anti-inflammatory effects of oligosaccharides from Cistanche deserticola extract on spinal cord injury. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 124:360-367. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Fu C, Li J, Aipire A, Xia L, Yang Y, Chen Q, Lv J, Wang X, Li J. Cistanche tubulosa phenylethanoid glycosides induce apoptosis in Eca-109 cells via the mitochondria-dependent pathway. Oncol Lett 2018; 17:303-313. [PMID: 30655768 PMCID: PMC6313098 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cistanche tubulosa has various biological functions. In the present study, the antitumor effect of water-soluble phenylethanoid glycosides of C. tubulosa (CTPG-W) on esophageal cancer was investigated. Eca-109 cells were treated with CTPG-W and the cell viability was measured by MTT assay. The apoptosis, cell cycle, mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) and reactive oxygen species were analyzed by flow cytometry. The levels of proteins in apoptotic pathways were detected by western blot analysis. It was determined that CTPG-W significantly reduced the viability of Eca-109 cells through the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Following CTPG-W treatment, the Δψm of Eca-109 was notably decreased, which is associated with the upregulated levels of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2)-associated X and downregulated levels of Bcl-2. Consequently, the levels of cytochrome c and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase were increased, which upregulated the levels of cleaved-poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and cleaved-caspase-3, −7 and −9, but not caspase-8. Correspondingly, the levels of reactive oxygen species in Eca-109 cells demonstrated notable changes. These results indicated that CTPG-W induced apoptosis of Eca-109 cells through a mitochondrial-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changshuang Fu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830046, P.R. China
| | - Jinyu Li
- College of Life Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Adila Aipire
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830046, P.R. China
| | - Lijie Xia
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830046, P.R. China
| | - Yi Yang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830046, P.R. China
| | - Qiuyan Chen
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830046, P.R. China
| | - Jie Lv
- College of Resource and Environment Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830046, P.R. China
| | - Xinhui Wang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830046, P.R. China
| | - Jinyao Li
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830046, P.R. China
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Yuan P, Li J, Aipire A, Yang Y, Xia L, Wang X, Li Y, Li J. Cistanche tubulosa phenylethanoid glycosides induce apoptosis in H22 hepatocellular carcinoma cells through both extrinsic and intrinsic signaling pathways. BMC Complement Altern Med 2018; 18:275. [PMID: 30314494 PMCID: PMC6186088 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2201-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cistanche tubulosa (Schenk) R. Wight is a traditional Chinese medicine that parasitizes the roots of the Tamarix plant and has been used to treat male impotence, sterility, body weakness, and as a tonic. However, its antitumor effect on hepatocellular carcinoma is still elusive. Here, we investigated the antitumor effect of C. tubulosa phenylethanoid glycosides (CTPG) on H22 hepatocellular carcinoma cells both in vitro and in vivo and its mechanisms. METHODS The morphology, viability, apoptosis, cell cycle and mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) of H22 cells were analyzed by inverted microscopy, MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The expression and activation of proteins in apoptosis pathway were detected by Western blot. The in vivo antitumor effect was evaluated in tumor mouse model established using male Kunming mice. RESULTS CTPG treatment significantly suppressed H22 cell growth in a dose- and time-dependent manner, which was correlated with the increased apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 and G2/M phases. Moreover, the chromosomal condensation was observed in CTPG-treated H22 cells. CTPG treatment significantly increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, reduced Δψm and enhanced the release of cytochrome c. The levels of cleaved caspase-8 and caspase-9 in both extrinsic and intrinsic signaling pathways were significantly increased that sequentially activated caspase-7 and -3 to cleave PARP. Finally, CTPG inhibited the growth of H22 cells in mice and improved the survival rate of tumor mice. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that CTPG suppressed H22 cell growth through both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways.
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Fu Z, Fan X, Wang X, Gao X. Cistanches Herba: An overview of its chemistry, pharmacology, and pharmacokinetics property. J Ethnopharmacol 2018; 219:233-247. [PMID: 29054705 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cistanches Herba is an Orobanchaceae parasitic plant. As a commonly used Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), its traditional functions include treating kidney deficiency, impotence, female infertility and senile constipation. Chemical analysis of Cistanches Herba revealed that phenylethanoid glycosides, iridoids, lignans, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides were the main constituents. Pharmacological studies demonstrated that Cistanches Herba exhibited neuroprotective, immunomodulatory, hormonal balancing, anti-fatigue, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotection, anti-oxidative, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, and anti-tumor effects, etc. The aim of this review is to provide updated, comprehensive and categorized information on the phytochemistry, pharmacological research and pharmacokinetics studies of the major constituents of Cistanches Herba. MATERIALS AND METHODS The literature search was conducted by systematic searching multiple electronic databases including SciFinder, ISI Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar and CNKI. Information was also collected from journals, local magazines, books, monographs. RESULTS To date, more than 100 compounds have been isolated from this genus, include phenylethanoid glycosides, carbohydrates, lignans, iridoids, etc. The crude extracts and isolated compounds have exhibited a wide range of in vitro and in vivo pharmacologic effects, such as neuroprotective, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotection, anti-oxidative, anti-bacterial, and anti-tumor effects. The phenylethanoid glycosides, echinacoside and acteoside have attracted the most attention for their significantly neuropharmacology effects. Pharmacokinetic studies of echinacoside and acteoside also have also been summarized. CONCLUSION Phenylethanoid glycosides have demonstrated wide pharmacological actions and have great clinical value if challenges such as poor bioavailability, fast and extensive metabolism are addressed. Apart from phenylethanoid glycosides, other constituents of Cistanches Herba, their pharmacological activities and underlying mechanisms are also need to be studied further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Metdicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Xiang Fan
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Metdicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Xiumei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Metdicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
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Liao PL, Li CH, Tse LS, Kang JJ, Cheng YW. Safety assessment of the Cistanche tubulosa health food product Memoregain ®: Genotoxicity and 28-day repeated dose toxicity test. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 118:581-588. [PMID: 29886232 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The pharmacological effects of Cistanches Herba, known as "Ginseng of the desert", have been extensively studied. In this study, we aimed to assess the genotoxic and oral toxic effects of the Cistanche tubulosa health food product Memoregain® using in vitro and in vivo tests. Ames tests using five strains of Salmonella typhimurium showed no signs of increased reverse mutation upon exposure to Memoregain® up to a concentration of 5 mg/plate. Exposure of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells to Memoregain® did not increase the frequency of chromosomal aberrations in vitro. Moreover, Memoregain® treatment did not affect the proportions of immature to total erythrocytes or the number of micronuclei in the immature erythrocytes of ICR mice. Additionally, after 28-day repeated oral dose toxicity tests (0, 0.15, 0.3, and 0.5g/kg body weight) in rats, no observable adverse effects were found. These toxicological assessments supported the safety of Memoregain® for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Lin Liao
- Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ching-Hao Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ling-Shan Tse
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jaw-Jou Kang
- Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Yu-Wen Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
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Zhang A, Yang X, Li Q, Yang Y, Zhao G, Wang B, Wu D. Immunostimulatory activity of water-extractable polysaccharides from Cistanche deserticola as a plant adjuvant in vitro and in vivo. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191356. [PMID: 29360858 PMCID: PMC5779666 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A safe and effective vaccine adjuvant is important in modern vaccines. Various Chinese herbal polysaccharides can activate the immune system. Cistanche deserticola (CD) is a traditional Chinese herb and an adjuvant candidate. Here, we confirmed that water-extractable polysaccharides of CD (WPCD) could modulate immune responses in vitro and in vivo. In a dose-dependent manner, WPCD significantly promoted the maturation and function of murine marrow-derived dendritic cells (BM-DCs) through up-regulating the expression levels of MHC-II, CD86, CD80, and CD40, allogenic T cell proliferation, and the yields of IL-12 and TNF-α via toll-like receptor4 (TLR4), as indicated by in vitro experiments. In addition, its immunomodulatory activity was also observed in mice. WPCD effectively improved the titers of IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a and markedly enhanced the proliferation of T and B cells, the production of IFN-γ and IL-4 in CD4+ T cells and the expression level of IFN-γ in CD8+ T cells better than Alum. Furthermore, WPCD could markedly up-regulate the expression levels of CD40 and CD80 on DCs in spleen and down-regulate the Treg frequency. The study suggests that polysaccharides of Cistanche deserticola are a safe and effective vaccine adjuvant for eliciting both humoral immunity and cellular immunity by activating DCs via TLR4 signaling pathway.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/isolation & purification
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/pharmacology
- Animals
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cistanche/chemistry
- Dendritic Cells/cytology
- Dendritic Cells/drug effects
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Female
- Immunity, Cellular/drug effects
- Immunity, Humoral/drug effects
- Immunogenicity, Vaccine/drug effects
- In Vitro Techniques
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred ICR
- Ovalbumin/administration & dosage
- Ovalbumin/immunology
- Plants, Medicinal/chemistry
- Polysaccharides/administration & dosage
- Polysaccharides/isolation & purification
- Polysaccharides/pharmacology
- Solubility
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- Toll-Like Receptor 4/metabolism
- Water
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailian Zhang
- Xinjiang Key Lab of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- * E-mail: (ALZ); (DCW)
| | - Xiumei Yang
- Xinjiang Key Lab of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Quanxiao Li
- Xinjiang Key Lab of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Xinjiang Key Lab of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Gan Zhao
- Key Lab of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Key Lab of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Daocheng Wu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xian, Shanxi, China
- * E-mail: (ALZ); (DCW)
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Abstract
The Cistanche species ("Rou Cong Rong" in Chinese) is an endangered wild species growing in arid or semi-arid areas. The dried fleshy stem of Cistanches has been used as a tonic in China for many years. Modern pharmacological studies have since demonstrated that Herba Cistanches possesses broad medicinal functions, especially for use in anti-senescence, anti-oxidation, neuroprotection, anti-inflammation, hepatoprotection, immunomodulation, anti-neoplastic, anti-osteoporosis and the promotion of bone formation. This review summarizes the up-to-date and comprehensive information on Herba Cistanches covering the aspects of the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology, to lay ground for fully elucidating the potential mechanisms of Herba Cistanches' anti-aging effect and promote its clinical application as an anti-aging herbal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningqun Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Shaozhen Ji
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China
| | - Shanshan Mei
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Lumin Qiao
- Department of Emergency, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Nationality Autonomous Region 750001, China.
| | - Xianglan Jin
- Department of Neurology, Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China.
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Chen W, Lin HR, Wei CM, Luo XH, Sun ML, Yang ZZ, Chen XY, Wang HB. Echinacoside, a phenylethanoid glycoside from Cistanche deserticola, extends lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans and protects from Aβ-induced toxicity. Biogerontology 2017; 19:47-65. [PMID: 29185166 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-017-9738-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Cistanche deserticola has been found to exert protection against aging and age-related diseases, but mechanisms underlying its longevity effects remain largely unclear. Here, the multicellular model organism Caenorhabditis elegans was employed to identify lifespan extending and protective effects against β-amyloid (Aβ) induced toxicity by echinacoside (ECH), a phenylethanoid glycoside isolated from C. deserticola. Our results showed that ECH extends the mean lifespan of worms and increases their survival under oxidative stress. Levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species and fat accumulation were also significantly suppressed by ECH. Moreover, ECH-mediated lifespan extension was found to be dependent on mev-1, eat-2, daf-2, and daf-16, but not sir-2.1 or hsf-1 genes. Furthermore, ECH triggered DAF-16 nuclear localization and upregulated two of its downstream targets, sod-3 and hsp-16.2. In addition, ECH significantly improved the survival of CL4176 worms in response to proteotoxic stress induced by Aβ protein aggregation. Collectively, these findings suggested that reactive oxygen species scavenging, dietary restriction, and insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling pathways could be partly involved in ECH-mediated lifespan extension. Thus, ECH may target multiple longevity mechanisms to extend lifespan and have a potency to prevent Alzheimer's disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Hong-Ru Lin
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Cong-Min Wei
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Luo
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Meng-Lu Sun
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Zhen-Zhou Yang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xin-Yan Chen
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Hong-Bing Wang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Kartbaeva EB, Donald GR, Sakipova ZB, Ibragimova LN, Bekbolatova EN, Ternynko II, Fernandes PD, Boylan F. Antinociceptive activity of Cistanche salsa stolons, growing in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2017.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Guo Y, Cao L, Zhao Q, Zhang L, Chen J, Liu B, Zhao B. Preliminary characterizations, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of polysaccharide from Cistanche deserticola. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 93:678-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Li M, Li Y, Liu W, Li R, Qin C, Liu N, Han J. The preparation of Cistanche phenylethanoid glycosides liquid proliposomes: Optimized formulation, characterization and proliposome dripping pills in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 93:224-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Li J, Li J, Aipire A, Gao L, Huo S, Luo J, Zhang F. Phenylethanoid Glycosides from Cistanche tubulosa Inhibits the Growth of B16-F10 Cells both in Vitro and in Vivo by Induction of Apoptosis via Mitochondria-dependent Pathway. J Cancer 2016; 7:1877-1887. [PMID: 27698928 PMCID: PMC5039372 DOI: 10.7150/jca.15512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cistanche tubulosa phenylethanoid glycosides (CTPG) have been shown various biological activities including anti-allergy, hepatoprotective activity and bone regeneration. However, the anti-tumor activity of CTPG needs to be investigated. CTPG was used to treat B16-F10 cells both in vitro and in vivo. We found that CTPG dramatically changed the morphology of B16-F10 cells, and significantly reduced the viability of B16-F10 cells in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner, which might be mediated by CTPG-induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. After CTPG treatment, the expressions of BAX and BCL-2 were up-regulated and down-regulated, respectively. Moreover, mitochondrial membrane potential was reduced and ROS generation was increased. Consequently, the levels of cytochrome c and cleaved-caspase-3 and -9 were up-regulated by CTPG treatment but not for cleaved-caspase-8. We further observed that CTPG significantly inhibited the tumor growth in vivo and improved the survival rate of tumor mice. We also observed that CTPG promoted the proliferation of splenocytes and increased the proportions of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in spleens of tumor mice. The results showed that CTPG induced the apoptosis of B16-F10 cells through mitochondria-dependent pathway, suggesting that CTPG could be a potential candidate for treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Li
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jinyao Li
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Adila Aipire
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Li Gao
- Xinjiang Laboratory of Uyghur Medical Prescription, Xinjiang Institute of Traditional Uyghur Medicine, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Shixia Huo
- Xinjiang Laboratory of Uyghur Medical Prescription, Xinjiang Institute of Traditional Uyghur Medicine, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jiaojiao Luo
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Fuchun Zhang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
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Li Z, Lin H, Gu L, Gao J, Tzeng CM. Herba Cistanche (Rou Cong-Rong): One of the Best Pharmaceutical Gifts of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:41. [PMID: 26973528 PMCID: PMC4771771 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cistanche species, known as Rou Cong-Rong in Chinese, are an endangered wild species and are mainly distributed in the arid lands and warm deserts of northwestern China. Within Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Herba Cistanche is applied as a tonic and/or in a formula for chronic renal disease, impotence, female infertility, morbid leucorrhea, profuse metrorrhagia, and senile constipation. The chemical constituents of Herba Cistanche mainly consist of volatile oils, non-volatile phenylethanoid glycosides (PhGs), iridoids, lignans, alditols, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides. There have been an increasing number of studies focusing on its bio-activities, including antioxidation, neuroprotection, and antiaging. The objective of this review is to introduce this herb to the world. Its taxonomy, distribution, and corresponding biological functions and molecular mechanisms are addressed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Li
- Translational Medicine Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen UniversityXiamen, China; Key Laboratory for Cancer T-Cell Theranostics and Clinical TranslationXiamen, China
| | - Huinuan Lin
- Translational Medicine Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University Xiamen, China
| | - Long Gu
- Translational Medicine Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University Xiamen, China
| | - Jingwen Gao
- Translational Medicine Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University Xiamen, China
| | - Chi-Meng Tzeng
- Translational Medicine Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen UniversityXiamen, China; Key Laboratory for Cancer T-Cell Theranostics and Clinical TranslationXiamen, China; INNOVA Clinics and TRANSLA Health GroupXiamen, China
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Li N, Wang J, Ma J, Gu Z, Jiang C, Yu L, Fu X. Neuroprotective Effects of Cistanches Herba Therapy on Patients with Moderate Alzheimer's Disease. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2015; 2015:103985. [PMID: 26435722 DOI: 10.1155/2015/103985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cistanches Herba (CH) is thought to be a “Yang-invigorating” material in traditional Chinese medicine. We evaluated neuroprotective effects of Cistanches Herba on Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Moderate AD participants were divided into 3 groups: Cistanches Herba capsule (CH, n = 10), Donepezil tablet (DON, n = 8), and control group without treatment (n = 6). We assessed efficacy by MMSE and ADAS-cog, and investigated the volume changes of hippocampus by 1.5 T MRI scans. Protein, mRNA levels, and secretions of total-tau (T-tau), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin- (IL) 1β (IL-1β) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were detected by Western blot, RT-PCR, and ELISA. The scores showed statistical difference after 48 weeks of treatment compared to control group. Meanwhile, volume changes of hippocampus were slight in drug treatment groups but distinct in control group; the levels of T-tau, TNF-α, and IL-1β were decreased compared to those in control group. Cistanches Herba could improve cognitive and independent living ability of moderate AD patients, slow down volume changes of hippocampus, and reduce the levels of T-tau, TNF-α, and IL-1β. It suggested that Cistanches Herba had potential neuroprotective effects for moderate AD.
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Lin L, Chen H, Wu C, Liao P, Lin Y, Hsieh M, Ching H. Comparison with Various Parts of Broussonetia papyrifera as to the Antinociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory Activities in Rodents. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 72:2377-84. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.80276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Li X, Zhang TC, Qiao Q, Ren Z, Zhao J, Yonezawa T, Hasegawa M, Crabbe MJC, Li J, Zhong Y. Complete chloroplast genome sequence of holoparasite Cistanche deserticola (Orobanchaceae) reveals gene loss and horizontal gene transfer from its host Haloxylon ammodendron (Chenopodiaceae). PLoS One 2013; 8:e58747. [PMID: 23554920 PMCID: PMC3598846 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The central function of chloroplasts is to carry out photosynthesis, and its gene content and structure are highly conserved across land plants. Parasitic plants, which have reduced photosynthetic ability, suffer gene losses from the chloroplast (cp) genome accompanied by the relaxation of selective constraints. Compared with the rapid rise in the number of cp genome sequences of photosynthetic organisms, there are limited data sets from parasitic plants. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS/SIGNIFICANCE: Here we report the complete sequence of the cp genome of Cistanche deserticola, a holoparasitic desert species belonging to the family Orobanchaceae. The cp genome of C. deserticola is greatly reduced both in size (102,657 bp) and in gene content, indicating that all genes required for photosynthesis suffer from gene loss and pseudogenization, except for psbM. The striking difference from other holoparasitic plants is that it retains almost a full set of tRNA genes, and it has lower dN/dS for most genes than another close holoparasitic plant, E. virginiana, suggesting that Cistanche deserticola has undergone fewer losses, either due to a reduced level of holoparasitism, or to a recent switch to this life history. We also found that the rpoC2 gene was present in two copies within C. deserticola. Its own copy has much shortened and turned out to be a pseudogene. Another copy, which was not located in its cp genome, was a homolog of the host plant, Haloxylon ammodendron (Chenopodiaceae), suggesting that it was acquired from its host via a horizontal gene transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ti-Cao Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Qiao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhumei Ren
- College of Life Science and Technology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jiayuan Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Takahiro Yonezawa
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Masami Hasegawa
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - M. James C Crabbe
- Faculty of Creative Arts, Technologies and Science, Institute of Biomedical, Environmental Science and Technology, University of Bedfordshire, Luton, United Kingdom
| | - Jianqiang Li
- Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail: (JL); (YZ)
| | - Yang Zhong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Biodiversity Science and Geobiology, Tibet University, Lhasa, China
- * E-mail: (JL); (YZ)
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Wang Q, Kuang H, Su Y, Sun Y, Feng J, Guo R, Chan K. Naturally derived anti-inflammatory compounds from Chinese medicinal plants. J Ethnopharmacol 2013; 146:9-39. [PMID: 23274744 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Revised: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Though inflammatory response is beneficial to body damage repair, if it is out of control, it can produce adverse effects on the body. Although purely western anti-inflammatory drugs, orthodox medicines, can control inflammation occurrence and development, it is not enough. The clinical efficacy of anti-inflammation therapies is unsatisfactory, thus the search for new anti-inflammation continues. Chinese Material Medica (CMM) remains a promising source of new therapeutic agents. CMM and herbal formulae from Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), unorthodox medicines, play an improtant anti-inflammatory role in multi-targets, multi-levels, and multi-ways in treating inflammation diseases in a long history in China, based on their multi-active ingredient characteristics. Due to these reasons, recently, CMM has been commercialized as an anti-inflammation agent which has become increasingly popular in the world health drug markets. Major research contributions in ethnopharmacology have generated vast amount of data associated with CMM in anti-inflammtion aspect. Therefore, a systematic introduction of CMM anti-inflammatory research progress is of great importance and necessity. AIM OF THE STUDY This paper strives to describe the progress of CMM in the treatment of inflammatory diseases from different aspects, and provide the essential theoretical support and scientific evidence for the further development and utilization of CMM resources as a potential anti-inflammation drug through a variety of databases. MATERIAL AND METHODS Literature survey was performed via electronic search (SciFinder®, Pubmed®, Google Scholar and Web of Science) on papers and patents and by systematic research in ethnopharmacological literature at various university libraries. RESULTS This review mainly introduced the current research on the anti-inflammatory active ingredient, anti-inflammatory effects of CMM, their mechanism, anti-inflammatory drug development of CMM, and toxicological information. CONCLUSION CMM is used clinically to treat inflammation symptoms in TCM, and its effect is mediated by multiple targets through multiple active ingredients. Although scholars around the world have made studies on the anti-inflammatory studies of CMM from different pathways and aspects and have made substantial progress, further studies are warranted to delineate the inflammation actions in more cogency models, establish the toxicological profiles and quality standards, assess the potentials of CMM in clinical applications, and make more convenient preparations easy to administrate for patients. Development of the clinically anti-inflammatory drugs are also warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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Chen YF, Ching C, Wu TS, Wu CR, Hsieh WT, Tsai HY. Balanophora spicata and Lupeol Acetate Possess Antinociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory Activities In Vivo and In Vitro. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2012; 2012:371273. [PMID: 23243439 DOI: 10.1155/2012/371273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Revised: 10/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aims of the present study were to investigate effects of Balanophora spicata (BS) on antinociception and anti-inflammation both in vivo and in vitro. Crude extract of BS inhibited vascular permeability induced by histamine, serotonin, bradykinin, and PGE(2), but not by PAF. Furthermore, BS crude extract, different layers (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water layer), and lupeol acetate had significant antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects on acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing response, formalin-induced licking behavior, carrageenan-, and serotonin-induced paw edema. The n-hexane layer had the most effective potency among all layers (IC50: 67.33 mg/kg on writhing response; IC50s: 34.2 mg/kg and 21.29 mg/kg on the early phase and late phase of formalin test, resp.). Additionally, lupeol acetate which was isolated from the n-hexane layer of BS effectively inhibited the acetic acid-induced writhing response (IC50: 28.32 mg/kg), formalin-induced licking behavior (IC50: 20.95 mg/kg), NO production (IC50: 4.102 μM), iNOS expression (IC50: 5.35 μM), and COX2 expression (IC50: 5.13 μM) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. In conclusion, BS has antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects which may be partially due to the inhibition of changes in vascular permeability induced by histamine, serotonin, bradykinin, and PGE(2) and the attenuation of iNOS and COX-2 expression.
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Han L, Boakye-Yiadom M, Liu E, Zhang Y, Li W, Song X, Fu F, Gao X. Structural characterisation and identification of phenylethanoid glycosides from Cistanches deserticola Y.C. Ma by UHPLC/ESI-QTOF-MS/MS. Phytochem Anal 2012; 23:668-676. [PMID: 22678558 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Revised: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Phenylethanoid glycosides (PhGs) are the major active constituents of Cistanches deserticola Y.C. Ma. However, the isolation, purification and identification procedures of PhGs are difficult and time-consuming. OBJECTIVE To establish a rapid and sensitive ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC)/ESI (electrospray ion source)-quadrupole time of flight (QTOF)-MS/MS method that could be applied to rapidly profile and identify PhGs. METHODOLOGY Seven standard compounds were used for the investigation of the fragmentation pattern. Based on the UHPLC/ESI-QTOF-MS/MS method, the important structural information on the types of aglycone and saccharide sequences present should be obtained. RESULTS According to the HPLC retention behaviour, the proposed fragmentation pathways provided by high-resolution MS and MS/MS spectra and literature sources, a total of 13 PhGs in the crude extract of C. deserticola were identified or tentatively identified. CONCLUSION A rapid and accurate UHPLC/ESI-QTOF-MS/MS method was established for the identification of PhGs in the crude extract of C. deserticola. This method therefore can be used for rapid prediction of the chemical constituents and qualities of this plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Han
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Tianjin, 300193, PR China
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Stefanova NA, Fursova AZ, Sarsenbaev KN, Kolosova NG. Effects of Cistanche deserticola on behavior and signs of cataract and retinopathy in senescence-accelerated OXYS rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2011; 138:624-32. [PMID: 22020276 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Revised: 09/23/2011] [Accepted: 10/10/2011] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cistanche deserticola (СD) has been traditionally used in the Chinese medicine as a tonic, vasodilator and neuroprotective agent. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the effect of CD on the age-related behavior decline and cataract and retinopathy development in senescent accelerated OXYS rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS OXYS and Wistar (control) rats were supplemented with 15 mg CD on kg of body weight during 2 months from the age of 12 months. Behavioral responses of animals were assessed in the elevated plus-maze (EPM), open field (OF) and in a Morris water maze (MWM). Before and after CD treatment OXYS rats were examined by an ophthalmologist. RESULTS 14-month-old OXYS rats had demonstrated considerably reduced activities in OF, increased anxiety in EPM, and manifestly impaired learning abilities in the MWM as compared to Wistar rats. Supplementation of CD had no effect on motor and exploratory activity of Wistar and OXYS rats in the OF, but it reduced their anxiety in the EPM compared to age-matched controls. CD significantly improved visual ability of the rats, reducing the severity of the developed signs of retinopathy and cataract while having no impact on OXYS rats' spatial memory in the MWM. CD-treated Wistar rats exhibited slower learning ability in the MWM task comparison to the control group. The effect of CD on the learning ability in OXYS and Wistar rats may be associated with differences in their redox homeostasis. CONCLUSION All in all, the findings suggest that CD improves the age-related behavioral decline, which makes it an attractive candidate for treatment of various neurodegenerative disorders. Primarily it demonstrated its ability to slow development and to reduce to some extent severity of pathological manifestations of cataract and retinopathy in OXYS rats, which makes it an attractive candidate for treatment of age-related eye diseases too.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia A Stefanova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Acad. Lavrentjev 10, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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Jia Y, Guan Q, Guo Y, Du C. Reduction of Inflammatory Hyperplasia in the Intestine in Colon Cancer-prone Mice by Water-extract of Cistanche deserticola. Phytother Res 2011; 26:812-9. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2011] [Revised: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yamin Jia
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
- Department of Urologic Sciences; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Qiunong Guan
- Department of Urologic Sciences; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Yuhai Guo
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
| | - Caigan Du
- Department of Urologic Sciences; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
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Liang H, Yu F, Tong Z, Huang Z. Effect of Cistanches Herba aqueous extract on bone loss in ovariectomized rat. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:5060-9. [PMID: 21954345 PMCID: PMC3179152 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12085060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Revised: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 08/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess the ability of traditional Chinese medicine Cistanches Herba extract (CHE) to prevent bone loss in the ovariectomized (OVX) rat, Cistanches Herba extract (CHE) was administered intragastrically to the rats. Female rats were anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium (40 mg kg(-1), i.p.), and their ovaries were removed bilaterally. The rats in the sham-operated group were anesthetized, laparotomized, and sutured without removing their ovaries. After 1 week of recovery from surgery, the OVX rats were randomly divided into three groups and orally treated with H(2)O (OVX group) or CHE (100 or 200 mg kg(-1) daily) for 3 months. The sham-operated group (n = 8) was orally treated with H(2)O. After 3 months, the total body bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC), Bone biomechanical index, blood mineral levels and blood antioxidant enzymes activities were examined in sham-operated, ovariectomized and Cistanches Herba extract treated rats. Results showed that Cistanches Herba extract treatment significantly dose-dependently enhanced bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC), maximum load, displacement at maximum load, stress at maximum load, load at auto break, displacement at auto break, and stress at auto break, and blood antioxidant enzymes activities, decreased blood Ca, Zn and Cu levels compared to the OVX group. This experiment demonstrates that the administration of Cistanches Herba extract to ovariectomized rats reverses bone loss and prevents osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Liang
- Hands and feet microsurgery, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian 116033, China; E-Mail:
| | - Fang Yu
- School of Medicine, Dalian University, Dalian 116033, China; E-Mail:
| | - Zhihong Tong
- Hands and feet microsurgery, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian 116033, China; E-Mail:
| | - Zaiguo Huang
- Orthopedics Department, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian 116033, China; E-Mail:
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Sui Z, Gu T, Liu B, Peng S, Zhao Z, Li L, Shi D, Yang R. Water-soluble carbohydrate compound from the bodies of Herba Cistanches: Isolation and its scavenging effect on free radical in skin. Carbohydr Polym 2011; 85:75-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Shimoda H, Tanaka J, Takahara Y, Takemoto K, Shan SJ, Su MH. The hypocholesterolemic effects of Cistanche tubulosa extract, a Chinese traditional crude medicine, in mice. Am J Chin Med 2010; 37:1125-38. [PMID: 19938221 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x09007545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The roots of Cistanche (C.) tubulosa (Orobanchaceae), a parasitic plant that grows in the Taklamakan desert, are traditionally used as medicines and foods in China. We prepared aqueous ethanol extract (CTE) from the roots of C. tubulosa and its hypocholesterolemic effect was evaluated. Using gene chip and RT-PCR analysis of the livers of mice given CTE (400 mg/kg) for 14 days, we found mRNA expression of molecules related to cholesterol transport [apolipoprotein B and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) receptor] and metabolism [cytochrome P450 side chain cleave (SCC) and steroid 5alpha-reductase 2] were up-regulated. The administration of CTE (400 mg/kg) for 14 days significantly suppressed serum cholesterol elevation in high cholesterol diet-fed mice. The mRNA expressions of VLDL receptor and cytochrome P450 SCC were significantly enhanced. In addition, acteoside, a major constituent of CTE, was found to enhance the mRNA expressions of apolipoprotein B, VLDL receptor, and cytochrome P450 SCC in HepG2 hepatocytes. These results suggest that CTE affects the mRNA expressions of molecules related to cholesterol transport and metabolism and exhibits hypocholesterolemic activity in diet-induced hypercholesterolemia mice. Acteoside was involved in the hypocholesterolemic activity of CTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Shimoda
- Research and Development Division, Oryza Oil and Fat Chemical Co., Ltd., Aichi 493-8001, Japan.
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Cai RL, Yang MH, Shi Y, Chen J, Li YC, Qi Y. Antifatigue activity of phenylethanoid-rich extract from Cistanche deserticola. Phytother Res 2009; 24:313-5. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Ma ZG, Yang ZL, Li P, Li CH. Simultaneous Determination of Eight Phenylethanoid Glycosides in Different Species of the Genus Cistanche by High Performance Liquid Chromatography. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070802388540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-guo Ma
- a Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicines, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Zhong-lin Yang
- a Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicines, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Ping Li
- a Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicines, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Cheng-hua Li
- a Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicines, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing, P. R. China
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