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Molina-Pintor IB, Rojas-García AE, Bernal-Hernández YY, Medina-Díaz IM, González-Arias CA, Barrón-Vivanco BS. Relationship between butyrylcholinesterase activity and lipid parameters in workers occupationally exposed to pesticides. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:39365-39374. [PMID: 32648216 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08197-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to organophosphate pesticides (OP) has been associated with the inhibition of cholinesterase enzymatic activity, such as butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE). Changes in BuChE activity have been associated with obesity, diabetes, hyperthyroidism, and metabolic syndrome. However, few studies have evaluated the effects of pesticides on both BuChE and lipid parameters. The aim of this study was to evaluate lipid parameters in urban sprayers and their association with BuChE activity. An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in workers exposed to pesticides. The pesticide exposures were evaluated by the measurement of urinary dialkylphosphates. BuChE activity was determined spectrophotometrically in serum, and biochemical parameters were determined at a certified laboratory. Information regarding general characteristics, lifestyle, and other aspects was obtained from a structured questionnaire. The results showed variations in glucose, cholesterol, albumin, atherogenic index, creatinine, LDL, VLDL, triglycerides, and total lipids according to the level of exposure to pesticides in individuals with overweight and obesity. Furthermore, positive correlations between BuChE activity and lipid parameters were observed; these effects were associated with the body mass index. More studies are needed in human population to better elucidate the role of BuChE in lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Betzaida Molina-Pintor
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de la Cultura s/n. Col. Los Fresnos, 63190, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológico Agropecuarias, Unidad Académica de Agricultura, Km. 9 Carretera Tepic-Compostela, Xalisco, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Aurora Elizabeth Rojas-García
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de la Cultura s/n. Col. Los Fresnos, 63190, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Yael Yvette Bernal-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de la Cultura s/n. Col. Los Fresnos, 63190, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Irma Martha Medina-Díaz
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de la Cultura s/n. Col. Los Fresnos, 63190, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Cyndia Azucena González-Arias
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de la Cultura s/n. Col. Los Fresnos, 63190, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Briscia Socorro Barrón-Vivanco
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de la Cultura s/n. Col. Los Fresnos, 63190, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico.
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Jurkolow G, Fuchs-Buder T, Lemoine A, Raft J, Rocq N, Meistelman C. [Prolonged phase II neuromuscular blockade following succinylcholine administration]. Ann Fr Anesth Reanim 2014; 33:176-177. [PMID: 24440731 DOI: 10.1016/j.annfar.2013.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Patients who are given a single dose of succinylcholine normally undergo a short-acting depolarizing phase I neuromuscular block but rarely a phase II block. Prolonged neuromuscular blockade occurs after a single dose of succinylcholine in case of genetically determined abnormal plasma butyrylcholinesterase activity. It is mandatory to use monitoring to detect this side effect. We report a case of a patient with abnormal plasma butyrylcholinesterase activity undergoing a six-hour prolonged neuromuscular phase II block, after a single dose of succinylcholine.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Jurkolow
- Département d'anesthésie-réanimation, université de Lorraine, CHU de Nancy-Brabois, rue du Morvan, 54511 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
| | - T Fuchs-Buder
- Département d'anesthésie-réanimation, université de Lorraine, CHU de Nancy-Brabois, rue du Morvan, 54511 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - A Lemoine
- Département d'anesthésie-réanimation, université de Lorraine, CHU de Nancy-Brabois, rue du Morvan, 54511 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - J Raft
- Département d'anesthésie-réanimation, ICL - institut de cancérologie de Lorraine, avenue de Bourgogne, 54511 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - N Rocq
- Département d'anesthésie-réanimation, université de Lorraine, CHU de Nancy-Brabois, rue du Morvan, 54511 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - C Meistelman
- Département d'anesthésie-réanimation, université de Lorraine, CHU de Nancy-Brabois, rue du Morvan, 54511 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Département d'anesthésie-réanimation, ICL - institut de cancérologie de Lorraine, avenue de Bourgogne, 54511 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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Jalady AM, Dorandeu F. [Interest of the cholinesterase assay during organophosphate poisonings]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 32:856-62. [PMID: 24209986 DOI: 10.1016/j.annfar.2013.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Cholinesterases are the main targets of organophosphorus compounds. The two enzymes present in the blood (butyrylcholinesterase, BChE; acetylcholinesterase, AChE) are biomarkers of their systemic toxicity. Activity of the plasma BChE is very often determined as it allows a rapid diagnostic of poisoning and is a marker of the persistence of the toxicant in the blood. The activity of the red blood cell AChE gives a better picture of the synaptic inhibition in the nervous system but the assay is less commonly available in routine laboratories. Better biomarker of the exposure, it allows a diagnosis of the severity of the poisoning and helps to assess the efficacy of oxime therapy. Besides the practical aspects of blood collection and sample processing, and the interpretation of the assays, this review stresses the complementarity of both enzyme assays and recalls their crucial interest for the confirmation of poisoning with an organophosphorus in a situation of war or terrorist attack and for the monitoring of occupational exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-M Jalady
- Antenne médicale des armées (AMA) de Vert-Le-Petit, centre médical des armées (CMA) de Montlhéry, site de DGA Maîtrise NRBC-Lieu dit « Le Bouchet », 5, rue Lavoisier, BP n(o) 3, 91710 Vert-Le-Petit, France.
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Abstract
The antagonism of steroidal nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockers (NDMBs) moved forward recently with the introduction of sugammadex, the only drug able to immediately reverse the effects of curarization produced by NDMBs. This advance has necessitated reflection on the future role of pseudocholinesterase. In spite of the side effects of succinylcholine and published opinions on its use, this NDMB continues to be used in clinical anesthesia. Pseudocholinesterase is mainly found in the liver, plasma, and nervous system. The enzyme is synthesized in the liver in greater amounts than required although certain conditions lead to deficiency, which is usually asymptomatic. The only clinical expression is the apnea which develops after administration of succinycholine because this NDMB cannot be metabolized. In some patients, slight reductions in the antagonism of succinylcholine lead to rising neuromuscular concentrations of the drug in accordance with the degree and duration of the blockade. We review the various forms of pseudocholinesterase deficiency, including a discussion of genetic variants, clinical manifestations, and management. In addition to discussing the diagnosis of this condition and the clinical implications, we highlight the importance of practice protocols and access to a referral laboratory if one is not available within the immediate hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Fernández Prieto
- Servicio de Anestesia Reanimación y Tratamiento del Dolor, Hospital Universitario Puerto Real, Cádiz.
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Textoris J, Davidson J, Martin C, Leone M. [Role of genetics in anaesthesia-related variability]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 28:564-74. [PMID: 19539443 DOI: 10.1016/j.annfar.2009.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2008] [Accepted: 04/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This review discusses variability among patients in anesthesia, due to genetic polymorphisms. DATA SOURCES Articles in French and English languages were retrieved from PubMed database. The initial request was "anesth* and (genotyp* or polymorphism* or genetic*)". STUDY SELECTION Original articles, general reviews and one case report. Letters were excluded. DATA EXTRACTION Rare genetic diseases were excluded from the scope of this review. We stressed on frequent genetic polymorphisms that may have a daily impact in anesthesiology. DATA SYNTHESIS Most results were related to pain studies. We selected various examples to describe how genetic polymorphisms impacts the pharmacology of a given drug, and what are the clinical consequences. CONCLUSION There is a growing field of pharmacogenetic related evidences in anesthesiology. The results from various animal and human studies underline the genetic origin of variability among individuals. How anaesthesists have to integrate these parameters for their daily practice is still unclear, but pharmacogenetic will obviously be a leading field of anesthesia research in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Textoris
- Service d'anesthésie et de réanimation, hôpital Nord, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, chemin des Bourrely, 13915 Marseille, France.
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Abstract
Neuropathy target esterase (NTE) is a membrane protein found in human neurons and other cells, including lymphocytes. Binding of certain organophosphorus (OP) compounds to NTE is believed to cause OP-induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN), a type of paralysis for which there is no effective treatment. Mutations in NTE have also been linked with serious neurological diseases, such as motor neuron disease. This paper describes development of the first nanostructured biosensor interface containing a catalytically active fragment of NTE known as NEST. The biosensor was fabricated using the layer-by-layer assembly approach, by immobilizing a layer of NEST on top of multilayers consisting of a polyelectrolyte (poly-L-lysine) and an enzyme (tyrosinase). The biosensor has a response time on the order of seconds and gives a concentration-dependent decrease in sensor output in response to a known NEST (and NTE) inhibitor. Potential applications of the biosensor include screening OP compounds for NTE inhibition and investigating the enzymology of wild-type and mutant forms of NTE. Although the development of a NEST biosensor was the primary purpose of this study, we found that the approach developed for NEST could also be extended to measure the activity of other esterases involved in neural processes, such as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). On the basis of measured sensitivities, phenyl valerate was the preferred substrate for NEST and BChE, whereas phenyl acetate was better for AChE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Kohli
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
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Lejus C, Delaroche O, Trille E, Blanloeil Y, Pinaud M. Déficit génétique de la butyrylcholinestérase : comment interpréter l'activité cholinestérasique chez le jeune enfant ? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 25:657-60. [PMID: 16581221 DOI: 10.1016/j.annfar.2006.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2005] [Accepted: 02/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We report the case of a prolonged neuromuscular blockade in an 18-month-old age girl following administration of a usual dose of succinylcholine. The diagnosis was highly suggested by the clinical history while cholinesterase activity was included in adult normal values but below values of a personal series of 41 small children. The familial analysis of dibucaine and fluoride number confirmed the hypothesis of an atypical variant (AA phenotype). The cholinesterase activity is higher in small children than in adult and has to be analysed according to the age.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lejus
- Service d'Anesthésie et de Réanimation Chirurgicale, Hôtel-Dieu-Hôpital Mère-Enfant, CHU de Nantes, 44093 Nantes Cedex 01, France.
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Bensaid A, Miloudi Y, El Harrar N. [Prolonged neuromuscular block induced by mivacurium]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 25:462-3. [PMID: 16377125 DOI: 10.1016/j.annfar.2005.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Ceppa F, Kenane N, Chellak S, Bigaillon C, Burnat P. Curarisation prolongée à la succinylcholine liée à un variant silencieux de la cholinestérase plasmatique. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 24:425-7. [PMID: 15826794 DOI: 10.1016/j.annfar.2004.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2004] [Accepted: 12/16/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Mivacurium and succinylcholine are short-acting neuromuscular blocking drugs. The duration of their action depends on their rapid hydrolysis by plasma cholinesterase or butyrylcholinesterase. More than thirty genetic variants of this enzyme have been described but the atypical variant is the most frequently involved in prolonged apnoea following the administration of these two myorelaxants. We present one case of patient who presented a five hours long apnoea associated with null cholinesterase activity and detection of a butyrylcholinesterase silent variant (Sil-1, 1 for 100,000 persons in population) after sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ceppa
- Laboratoire de biochimie, toxicologie et pharmacologie cliniques, HIA Bégin, 69, avenue de Paris, 94163 Saint-Mandé cedex, France.
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Oudet P. [The present and future of molecular biology]. Ann Fr Anesth Reanim 1999; 18:707-8. [PMID: 10486623 DOI: 10.1016/s0750-7658(00)88449-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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