1
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Bizri M, Koleilat R, Akiki N, Dergham R, Mihailescu AM, Bou-Fakhredin R, Musallam KM, Taher AT. Quality of life, mood disorders, and cognitive impairment in adults with β-thalassemia. Blood Rev 2024; 65:101181. [PMID: 38341336 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2024.101181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Advances in understanding the disease process in β-thalassemia supported development of various treatment strategies that resulted in improved survival. Improved survival, however, allowed multiple morbidities to manifest and cemented the need for frequent, lifelong treatment. This has directly impacted patients' health-related quality of life and opened the door for various psychiatric and cognitive disorders to potentially develop. In this review, we summarize available evidence on quality of life, depression and anxiety, suicidality, and cognitive impairment in adult patients with β-thalassemia while sharing our personal insights from experience in treating patients with both transfusion-dependent and non-transfusion-dependent forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Bizri
- Department of Psychiatry, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rawan Koleilat
- Department of Psychiatry, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nathalie Akiki
- Department of Haematology, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Reem Dergham
- Department of Psychiatry, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Rayan Bou-Fakhredin
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Khaled M Musallam
- Center for Research on Rare Blood Disorders (CR-RBD), Burjeel Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ali T Taher
- Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
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2
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Musallam KM, Cappellini MD, Coates TD, Kuo KHM, Al-Samkari H, Sheth S, Viprakasit V, Taher AT. Αlpha-thalassemia: A practical overview. Blood Rev 2024; 64:101165. [PMID: 38182489 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2023.101165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
α-Thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder characterized by decreased synthesis of α-globin chains that results in an imbalance of α and β globin and thus varying degrees of ineffective erythropoiesis, decreased red blood cell (RBC) survival, chronic hemolytic anemia, and subsequent comorbidities. Clinical presentation varies depending on the genotype, ranging from a silent or mild carrier state to severe, transfusion-dependent or lethal disease. Management of patients with α-thalassemia is primarily supportive, addressing either symptoms (eg, RBC transfusions for anemia), complications of the disease, or its transfusion-dependence (eg, chelation therapy for iron overload). Several novel therapies are also in development, including curative gene manipulation techniques and disease modifying agents that target ineffective erythropoiesis and chronic hemolytic anemia. This review of α-thalassemia and its various manifestations provides practical information for clinicians who practice beyond those regions where it is found with high frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled M Musallam
- Center for Research on Rare Blood Disorders (CR-RBD), Burjeel Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - M Domenica Cappellini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community, University of Milan, Ca' Granda Foundation IRCCS Maggiore Policlinico Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Thomas D Coates
- Hematology Section, Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kevin H M Kuo
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hanny Al-Samkari
- Center for Hematology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sujit Sheth
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vip Viprakasit
- Department of Pediatrics & Thalassemia Center, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ali T Taher
- Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
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3
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Njeim R, Naouss B, Bou-Fakhredin R, Haddad A, Taher A. Unmet needs in β-thalassemia and the evolving treatment landscape. Transfus Clin Biol 2024; 31:48-55. [PMID: 38128605 DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
β-thalassemias are genetic disorders causing an imbalance in hemoglobin production, leading to varying degrees of anemia, with two clinical phenotypes: transfusion-dependent thalassemia (TDT) and non-transfusion-dependent thalassemia (NTDT). Red blood cell transfusions and iron chelation therapy are the conventional treatment options for the management of β-thalassemia. Currently available conventional therapies in thalassemia have many challenges and limitations. Accordingly, multiple novel therapeutic approaches are currently being developed for the treatment of β-thalassemias. These strategies can be classified into three categories based on their efforts to address different aspects of the underlying pathophysiology of β-thalassemia: correction of the α/β globin chain imbalance, addressing ineffective erythropoiesis, and targeting iron dysregulation. Managing β- thalassemia presents challenges due to the many complications that can manifest, limited access and availability of blood products, and lack of compliance/adherence to treatment. Novel therapies targeting ineffective erythropoiesis and thus improving anemia and reducing the need for chronic blood transfusions seem promising. However, the complex nature of the disease itself requires personalized treatment plans for each patient. Collaborations and partnerships between thalassemia centers can also help share knowledge and resources, particularly in regions with higher prevalence and limited resources. This review will explore the different conventional treatment modalities available today for the management of β-thalassemia, discuss the unmet needs and challenges associated with them in addition to exploring the role of some novel therapeutic agents in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Njeim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Bilal Naouss
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rayan Bou-Fakhredin
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Antoine Haddad
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Blood Bank, Sacré-Coeur Hospital, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali Taher
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
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4
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Nai A, Cordero-Sanchez C, Tanzi E, Pagani A, Silvestri L, Di Modica SM. Cellular and animal models for the investigation of β-thalassemia. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2024; 104:102761. [PMID: 37271682 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2023.102761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
β-Thalassemia is a genetic form of anemia due to mutations in the β-globin gene, that leads to ineffective and extramedullary erythropoiesis, abnormal red blood cells and secondary iron-overload. The severity of the disease ranges from mild to lethal anemia based on the residual levels of globins production. Despite being a monogenic disorder, the pathophysiology of β-thalassemia is multifactorial, with different players contributing to the severity of anemia and secondary complications. As a result, the identification of effective therapeutic strategies is complex, and the treatment of patients is still suboptimal. For these reasons, several models have been developed in the last decades to provide experimental tools for the study of the disease, including erythroid cell lines, cultures of primary erythroid cells and transgenic animals. Years of research enabled the optimization of these models and led to decipher the mechanisms responsible for globins deregulation and ineffective erythropoiesis in thalassemia, to unravel the role of iron homeostasis in the disease and to identify and validate novel therapeutic targets and agents. Examples of successful outcomes of these analyses include iron restricting agents, currently tested in the clinics, several gene therapy vectors, one of which was recently approved for the treatment of most severe patients, and a promising gene editing strategy, that has been shown to be effective in a clinical trial. This review provides an overview of the available models, discusses pros and cons, and the key findings obtained from their study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Nai
- Regulation of Iron Metabolism Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, via Olgettina 60, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, via Olgettina 58, Milan, Italy.
| | - Celia Cordero-Sanchez
- Regulation of Iron Metabolism Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, via Olgettina 60, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuele Tanzi
- Regulation of Iron Metabolism Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, via Olgettina 60, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia Pagani
- Regulation of Iron Metabolism Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, via Olgettina 60, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Silvestri
- Regulation of Iron Metabolism Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, via Olgettina 60, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, via Olgettina 58, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Maria Di Modica
- Regulation of Iron Metabolism Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, via Olgettina 60, Milan, Italy
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5
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Hodroj MH, Akiki N, Bou-Fakhredin R, Taher AT. Beta-thalassemia: is cure still a dream? Minerva Med 2023; 114:850-860. [PMID: 37534831 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4806.23.08501-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
β-thalassemia is a monogenic disorder characterized by decreased hemoglobin production, resulting in chronic anemia. There are several factors affecting the clinical presentation of patients with β-thalassemia, and several complications such as iron overload or ineffective erythropoiesis have been linked to this disease. Until nowadays, several conservative therapies namely blood transfusions, iron chelation, and the FDA-approved drug Luspatercept have been adopted alongside other debatable permanent cures. Other clinical trials are being conducted to develop better and safer management techniques for these patients. This review will discuss the different treatment strategies of β-thalassemia including novel therapies, besides all possible curative therapies that are being developed for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad H Hodroj
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nathalie Akiki
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rayan Bou-Fakhredin
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Ali T Taher
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon -
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6
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Denton CC, Vodala S, Veluswamy S, Hofstra TC, Coates TD, Wood JC. Splenic iron decreases without change in volume or liver parameters during luspatercept therapy. Blood 2023; 142:1932-1934. [PMID: 37704579 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023021839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Splenic iron decreased whereas liver iron was stable during luspatercept therapy in some individuals with thalassemia. This suggests a reduction of ineffective erythropoiesis changes the organ distribution of iron and demonstrates that liver iron concentration alone may not accurately reflect total body iron content. This article describes data from subjects enrolled in BELIEVE (NCT02604433) and BEYOND (NCT03342404).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher C Denton
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Saranya Veluswamy
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Thomas C Hofstra
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Thomas D Coates
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - John C Wood
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
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7
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Roccotelli D, Grande D, Cicco G, Palma A, Longo MC, Albano F, Vitucci A, Musto P. Real-life experience with luspatercept in transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia. Ann Hematol 2023; 102:2965-2967. [PMID: 37498329 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-023-05381-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Roccotelli
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DIMEPRE-J), "Aldo Moro" University School of Medicine, Bari, Italy.
| | - Domenica Grande
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DIMEPRE-J), "Aldo Moro" University School of Medicine, Bari, Italy
| | - Gerolamo Cicco
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DIMEPRE-J), "Aldo Moro" University School of Medicine, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Palma
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, AOUC Policlinico, Bari, Italy
- Regional Reference Center for Thalassemias and Hemoglobinopathies (CERIRETE), AOUC Policlinico, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria C Longo
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, AOUC Policlinico, Bari, Italy
- Regional Reference Center for Thalassemias and Hemoglobinopathies (CERIRETE), AOUC Policlinico, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Albano
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DIMEPRE-J), "Aldo Moro" University School of Medicine, Bari, Italy
| | - Angelantonio Vitucci
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, AOUC Policlinico, Bari, Italy
- Regional Reference Center for Thalassemias and Hemoglobinopathies (CERIRETE), AOUC Policlinico, Bari, Italy
| | - Pellegrino Musto
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DIMEPRE-J), "Aldo Moro" University School of Medicine, Bari, Italy
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, AOUC Policlinico, Bari, Italy
- Regional Reference Center for Thalassemias and Hemoglobinopathies (CERIRETE), AOUC Policlinico, Bari, Italy
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8
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Saliba AN, Musallam KM, Taher AT. How I treat non-transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia. Blood 2023; 142:949-960. [PMID: 37478396 PMCID: PMC10644094 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023020683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The intricate interplay of anemia and iron overload under the pathophysiological umbrella of ineffective erythropoiesis in non-transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia (NTDT) results in a complex variety of clinical phenotypes that are challenging to diagnose and manage. In this article, we use a clinical framework rooted in pathophysiology to present 4 common scenarios of patients with NTDT. Starting from practical considerations in the diagnosis of NTDT, we delineate our strategy for the longitudinal care of patients who exhibit different constellations of symptoms and complications. We highlight the use of transfusion therapy and novel agents, such as luspatercept, in the patient with anemia-related complications. We also describe our approach to chelation therapy in the patient with iron overload. Although tackling every specific complication of NTDT is beyond the scope of this article, we touch on the management of the various morbidities and multisystem manifestations of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Khaled M. Musallam
- Thalassemia Center, Burjeel Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ali T. Taher
- Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
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9
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Lidonnici MR, Scaramuzza S, Ferrari G. Gene Therapy for Hemoglobinopathies. Hum Gene Ther 2023; 34:793-807. [PMID: 37675899 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2023.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
β-Thalassemia and sickle cell disease are autosomal recessive disorders of red blood cells due to mutations in the adult β-globin gene, with a worldwide diffusion. The severe forms of hemoglobinopathies are fatal if untreated, and allogeneic bone marrow transplantation can be offered to a limited proportion of patients. The unmet clinical need and the disease incidence have promoted the development of new genetic therapies based on the engineering of autologous hematopoietic stem cells. Here, the steps of ex vivo gene therapy development are reviewed along with results from clinical trials and recent new approaches employing cutting edge gene editing tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosa Lidonnici
- San Raffaele-Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; and
| | - Samantha Scaramuzza
- San Raffaele-Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; and
| | - Giuliana Ferrari
- San Raffaele-Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; and
- University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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10
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Diamantidis MD, Pitsava S, Zayed O, Argyrakouli I, Karapiperis K, Chatzoulis C, Alexiou E, Manafas A, Tsangalas E, Karakoussis K. Concomitant Presence of Hb Agrinio and - -Med Deletion in a Greek Male Patient with Hemoglobinopathy H: More Severe Phenotype and Literature Review. Hematol Rep 2023; 15:483-490. [PMID: 37606495 PMCID: PMC10443284 DOI: 10.3390/hematolrep15030050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemoglobin (Hb) Agrinio is a rare non-deletional a-globin mutation observed almost exclusively in Greek, Spanish or other Mediterranean families. The clinical manifestations of a carrier of a single Hb Agrinio mutation (single heterozygosity) depend on the concomitant presence or absence of other mutations or variants in the beta, alpha or other modifying genes. We present a Greek patient harboring a Hb Agrinio variant plus the - -Med alpha deletional allele, having an infrequent severe form of alpha thalassemia, in contrast to the typical alpha thalassemic patient and requiring regular red blood cell (RBC) transfusions and chelation treatment. We also provide a concise literature review regarding alpha thalassemic hemoglobin variants and their molecular and clinical combinations. A phase 2, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter clinical trial to determine the efficacy and safety of luspatercept (BMS-986346/ACE-536) for the treatment of anemia in adults with alpha thalassemia with the participation of our center is currently recruiting patients (NCT05664737).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D. Diamantidis
- Thalassemia and Sickle Cell Disease Unit, Department of Hematology, General Hospital of Larissa, 41221 Larissa, Greece; (S.P.); (O.Z.); (I.A.); (K.K.); (C.C.); (A.M.); (E.T.)
| | - Stefania Pitsava
- Thalassemia and Sickle Cell Disease Unit, Department of Hematology, General Hospital of Larissa, 41221 Larissa, Greece; (S.P.); (O.Z.); (I.A.); (K.K.); (C.C.); (A.M.); (E.T.)
| | - Omar Zayed
- Thalassemia and Sickle Cell Disease Unit, Department of Hematology, General Hospital of Larissa, 41221 Larissa, Greece; (S.P.); (O.Z.); (I.A.); (K.K.); (C.C.); (A.M.); (E.T.)
| | - Ioanna Argyrakouli
- Thalassemia and Sickle Cell Disease Unit, Department of Hematology, General Hospital of Larissa, 41221 Larissa, Greece; (S.P.); (O.Z.); (I.A.); (K.K.); (C.C.); (A.M.); (E.T.)
| | - Konstantinos Karapiperis
- Thalassemia and Sickle Cell Disease Unit, Department of Hematology, General Hospital of Larissa, 41221 Larissa, Greece; (S.P.); (O.Z.); (I.A.); (K.K.); (C.C.); (A.M.); (E.T.)
| | - Christos Chatzoulis
- Thalassemia and Sickle Cell Disease Unit, Department of Hematology, General Hospital of Larissa, 41221 Larissa, Greece; (S.P.); (O.Z.); (I.A.); (K.K.); (C.C.); (A.M.); (E.T.)
| | - Evangelos Alexiou
- Radiology Department, General Hospital of Larissa, 41221 Larissa, Greece;
| | - Achilles Manafas
- Thalassemia and Sickle Cell Disease Unit, Department of Hematology, General Hospital of Larissa, 41221 Larissa, Greece; (S.P.); (O.Z.); (I.A.); (K.K.); (C.C.); (A.M.); (E.T.)
| | - Evangelos Tsangalas
- Thalassemia and Sickle Cell Disease Unit, Department of Hematology, General Hospital of Larissa, 41221 Larissa, Greece; (S.P.); (O.Z.); (I.A.); (K.K.); (C.C.); (A.M.); (E.T.)
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11
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Musallam KM, Taher AT, Kattamis A, Kuo KHM, Sheth S, Cappellini MD. Profile of Luspatercept in the Treatment of Anemia in Adults with Non-Transfusion-Dependent β-Thalassemia (NTDT): Design, Development and Potential Place in Therapy. Drug Des Devel Ther 2023; 17:1583-1591. [PMID: 37255740 PMCID: PMC10226484 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s368584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, evidence has been mounting on the detrimental clinical sequelae of untreated anemia in patients with non-transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia (NTDT). There are no pharmacologic agents that are specifically approved for the management of anemia in NTDT, and available options such as splenectomy, transfusion therapy, and hydroxyurea each come with their own shortcomings, especially for long-term use. Luspatercept is an erythroid maturation agent that has been evaluated in a Phase 2, randomized trial and showed a significant benefit in raising hemoglobin level by at least 1 g/dL in adults with NTDT and a baseline hemoglobin level ≤10 g/dL. These data led to luspatercept's approval by the European Commission for the treatment of anemia in adults with NTDT and presents the first evidence-based approach for a novel agent that is able to ameliorate anemia in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled M Musallam
- Thalassemia Center, Burjeel Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ali T Taher
- Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Antonis Kattamis
- First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Kevin H M Kuo
- Division of Hematology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sujit Sheth
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria Domenica Cappellini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community, University of Milan, Ca’ Granda Foundation IRCCS Maggiore Policlinico Hospital, Milan, Italy
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12
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Abstract
Advances in understanding the underlying pathophysiology of β-thalassemia have enabled efforts toward the development of novel therapeutic modalities. These can be classified into three major categories based on their ability to target different features of the underlying disease pathophysiology: correction of the α/β globin chain imbalance, targeting ineffective erythropoiesis, and targeting iron dysregulation. This article provides an overview of these different emerging therapies that are currently in development for β-thalassemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayan Bou-Fakhredin
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Kevin H M Kuo
- Division of Hematology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ali T Taher
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
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13
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Ferraresi M, Panzieri DL, Leoni S, Cappellini MD, Kattamis A, Motta I. Therapeutic perspective for children and young adults living with thalassemia and sickle cell disease. Eur J Pediatr 2023:10.1007/s00431-023-04900-w. [PMID: 36997768 PMCID: PMC10257623 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-023-04900-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Hemoglobinopathies, including thalassemias and sickle cell disease, are the most common monogenic diseases worldwide, with estimated annual births of more than 330,000 affected infants. Hemoglobin disorders account for about 3.4% of deaths in children under 5 years of age. The distribution of these diseases is historically linked to current or previously malaria-endemic regions; however, immigration has led to a worldwide distribution of these diseases, making them a global health problem. During the last decade, new treatment approaches and novel therapies have been proposed, some of which have the potential to change the natural history of these disorders. Indeed, the first erythroid maturation agent, luspatercept, and gene therapy have been approved for beta-thalassemia adult patients. For sickle cell disease, molecules targeting vaso-occlusion and hemoglobin S polymerization include crizanlizumab, which has been approved for patients ≥ 16 years, voxelotor approved for patients ≥ 12 years, and L-glutamine for patients older than 5 years. Conclusion: We herein present the most recent advances and future perspectives in thalassemia and sickle cell disease treatment, including new drugs, gene therapy, and gene editing, and the current clinical trial status in the pediatric populations. What is Known: • Red blood cell transfusions, iron chelation therapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation have been the mainstay of treatment of thalassemia patients for decades. • For sickle cell disease, until 2005, treatment strategies were mostly the same as those for thalassemia, with the option of simple transfusion or exchange transfusion. In 2007, hydroxyurea was approved for patients ≥ 2 years old. What is New: • In 2019, gene therapy with betibeglogene autotemcel (LentiGlobin BB305) was approved for TDT patients ≥ 12 years old non β0/β0 without matched sibling donor. • Starting from 2017 several new drugs, such as L-glutamine (approved only by FDA), crizanlizumab (approved by FDA and EMA for patients ≥ 16 years), and lastly voxelotor (approved by FDA and EMA for patients ≥ 12 years old).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Ferraresi
- Unit of Medicine and Metabolic Disease, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, via F. Sforza, 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
- Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Lello Panzieri
- Unit of Medicine and Metabolic Disease, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, via F. Sforza, 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
- Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Leoni
- Unit of Medicine and Metabolic Disease, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, via F. Sforza, 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
- Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Domenica Cappellini
- Unit of Medicine and Metabolic Disease, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, via F. Sforza, 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonis Kattamis
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Irene Motta
- Unit of Medicine and Metabolic Disease, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, via F. Sforza, 35, 20122, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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Longo F, Motta I, Pinto V, Piolatto A, Ricchi P, Tartaglione I, Origa R. Treating Thalassemia Patients with Luspatercept: An Expert Opinion Based on Current Evidence. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12072584. [PMID: 37048666 PMCID: PMC10094868 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12072584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Luspatercept has recently been approved for the treatment of beta-thalassemia and its use in clinical practice has been increasing. As it is the first erythroid maturation drug available for this diagnosis, the expertise about its use is still limited. To address this point, and to promote awareness and guide the clinical use of luspatercept in beta-thalassemia, this paper was developed as a consensus by experts from the Italian Society of Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathies (SITE). After a brief presentation of the core features of luspatercept, a comprehensive set of questions is addressed, covering relevant aspects for the practical management of this new therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filomena Longo
- Unità Operativa di Day Hospital della Talassemia e delle Emoglobinopatie, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, 44124 Cona, Italy
- Centro Microcitemie, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Luigi Gonzaga, 10043 Orbassano, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Irene Motta
- SC Medicina Indirizzo Metabolico, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy;
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Valeria Pinto
- Centro della Microcitemia e delle Anemie Congenite, Ente Ospedaliero “Ospedali Galliera”, 16128 Genova, Italy;
| | - Andrea Piolatto
- Centro Microcitemie, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Luigi Gonzaga, 10043 Orbassano, Italy;
| | - Paolo Ricchi
- Malattie Rare del Globulo Rosso, AORN Cardarelli, 80131 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Immacolata Tartaglione
- Ematologia ed Oncologia Pediatrica, AOU Policlinico Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Raffaella Origa
- SC Centro Microcitemie e Anemie Rare, Ospedale Pediatrico Microcitemico ‘A. Cao’, Università di Cagliari, 09121 Cagliari, Italy;
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Taher AT, Musallam KM, Viprakasit V, Kattamis A, Lord-Bessen J, Yucel A, Guo S, Pelligra C, Shields AL, Shetty JK, Miteva D, Bueno LM, Cappellini MD. Psychometric evaluation of the NTDT-PRO questionnaire for assessing symptoms in patients with non-transfusion-dependent beta-thalassaemia. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e066683. [PMID: 36948565 PMCID: PMC10040027 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The non-transfusion-dependent beta-thalassaemia-patient-reported outcome (NTDT-PRO) questionnaire was developed for assessing anaemia-related tiredness/weakness (T/W) and shortness of breath (SoB) among patients with NTDT. Psychometric properties were evaluated using blinded data from the BEYOND trial (NCT03342404). DESIGN Analysis of a phase 2, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. SETTING USA, Greece, Italy, Lebanon, Thailand and the UK. PARTICIPANTS Adults (≥18 years) (N=145) with NTDT who had not received a red blood cell transfusion within 8 weeks prior to randomisation, with mean baseline haemoglobin level ≤100 g/L. MEASURES NTDT-PRO daily scores from baseline until week 24, and scores at select time points for the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey version 2 (SF-36v2), Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue (FACIT-F) and Patient Global Impression of Severity (PGI-S). RESULTS Cronbach's alpha at weeks 13-24 was 0.95 and 0.84 for the T/W and SoB domains, respectively, indicating acceptable internal consistency reliability. Among participants self-reporting no change in thalassaemia symptoms via the PGI-S between baseline and week 1, intraclass correlation coefficients were 0.94 and 0.92 for the T/W and SoB domains, respectively, indicating excellent test-retest reliability. In a known-groups validity analysis, least-squares mean T/W and SoB scores at weeks 13-24 were worse in participants with worse scores for the FACIT-F Fatigue Subscale (FS), SF-36v2 vitality or PGI-S. Indicating responsiveness, changes in T/W and SoB domain scores were moderately correlated with changes in haemoglobin levels, and strongly correlated with changes in SF-36v2 vitality, FACIT-F FS, select FACIT-F items and the PGI-S. Improvements in least-squares mean T/W and SoB scores were higher in participants with greater improvements in scores on other PROs measuring similar constructs. CONCLUSIONS The NTDT-PRO demonstrated adequate psychometric properties to assess anaemia-related symptoms in adults with NTDT and can be used to evaluate treatment efficacy in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali T Taher
- Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Khaled M Musallam
- Thalassemia Center, Burjeel Medical City, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- International Network of Hematology, London, UK
| | - Vip Viprakasit
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Pediatrics & Siriraj Thalassemia Center, Siriraj Research Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Antonis Kattamis
- First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Aylin Yucel
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Shien Guo
- Evidera, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Jeevan K Shetty
- Celgene International Sàrl, a Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Boudry, Switzerland
| | - Dimana Miteva
- Celgene International Sàrl, a Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Boudry, Switzerland
| | - Luciana Moro Bueno
- Celgene International Sàrl, a Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Boudry, Switzerland
| | - Maria Domenica Cappellini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Policlinico Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Cappellini MD, Taher AT, Verma A, Shah F, Hermine O. Erythropoiesis in lower-risk myelodysplastic syndromes and beta-thalassemia. Blood Rev 2022; 59:101039. [PMID: 36577601 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2022.101039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The hematologic disorders myelodysplastic syndromes and beta-thalassemia are characterized by ineffective erythropoiesis and anemia, often managed with regular blood transfusions. Erythropoiesis, the process by which sufficient numbers of functional erythrocytes are produced from hematopoietic stem cells, is highly regulated, and defects can negatively affect the proliferation, differentiation, and survival of erythroid precursors. Treatments that directly target the underlying mechanisms of ineffective erythropoiesis are limited, and management of anemia with regular blood transfusions imposes a significant burden on patients, caregivers, and health care systems. There is therefore a strong unmet need for treatments that can restore effective erythropoiesis. Novel therapies are beginning to address this need by targeting a variety of mechanisms underlying erythropoiesis. Herein, we provide an overview of the role of ineffective erythropoiesis in myelodysplastic syndromes and beta-thalassemia, discuss unmet needs in targeting ineffective erythropoiesis, and describe current management strategies and emerging treatments for these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali T Taher
- Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Halim and Aida Daniel Academic and Clinical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Amit Verma
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Farrukh Shah
- Department of Haematology, Whittington Health NHS Trust, London, UK.
| | - Olivier Hermine
- Department of Hematology, Hôpital Necker, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, University Paris Cité, Paris, France; INSERM U1163 and CNRS 8254, Imagine Institute, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
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17
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Tie Y, Tang F, Peng D, Zhang Y, Shi H. TGF-beta signal transduction: biology, function and therapy for diseases. Mol Biomed 2022; 3:45. [PMID: 36534225 PMCID: PMC9761655 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-022-00109-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is a crucial cytokine that get increasing concern in recent years to treat human diseases. This signal controls multiple cellular responses during embryonic development and tissue homeostasis through canonical and/or noncanonical signaling pathways. Dysregulated TGF-β signal plays an essential role in contributing to fibrosis via promoting the extracellular matrix deposition, and tumor progression via inducing the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, immunosuppression, and neovascularization at the advanced stage of cancer. Besides, the dysregulation of TGF-beta signal also involves in other human diseases including anemia, inflammatory disease, wound healing and cardiovascular disease et al. Therefore, this signal is proposed to be a promising therapeutic target in these diseases. Recently, multiple strategies targeting TGF-β signals including neutralizing antibodies, ligand traps, small-molecule receptor kinase inhibitors targeting ligand-receptor signaling pathways, antisense oligonucleotides to disrupt the production of TGF-β at the transcriptional level, and vaccine are under evaluation of safety and efficacy for the forementioned diseases in clinical trials. Here, in this review, we firstly summarized the biology and function of TGF-β in physiological and pathological conditions, elaborated TGF-β associated signal transduction. And then, we analyzed the current advances in preclinical studies and clinical strategies targeting TGF-β signal transduction to treat diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Tie
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Fan Tang
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041 China ,grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Orthopaedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dandan Peng
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Ye Zhang
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021 China
| | - Huashan Shi
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041 China
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18
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Musallam KM, Taher AT, Cappellini MD, Hermine O, Kuo KHM, Sheth S, Viprakasit V, Porter JB. Untreated Anemia in Nontransfusion-dependent β-thalassemia: Time to Sound the Alarm. Hemasphere 2022; 6:e806. [DOI: 10.1097/hs9.0000000000000806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Abstract
Kuo and colleagues1 evaluated the safety and efficacy of mitapivat, an oral pyruvate kinase activator, in adults with non-transfusion-dependent α-thalassemia or β-thalassemia. The high rate of hemoglobin response and good tolerability encourages further development in thalassemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled M. Musallam
- Thalassemia Center, Burjeel Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ali T. Taher
- Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Maria Domenica Cappellini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community, University of Milan, Ca' Granda Foundation IRCCS Maggiore Policlinico Hospital, Milan, Italy,Corresponding author
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Platzbecker U, Morison JK. Luspatercept in patients with non-transfusion dependent β-thalassaemia. Lancet Haematol 2022; 9:e709-e711. [PMID: 36007539 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-3026(22)00256-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Platzbecker
- University Medical Center Leipzig, Department of Hematology and Cellular Therapy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig 04109, Germany.
| | - Jessica Kate Morison
- University Medical Center Leipzig, Department of Hematology and Cellular Therapy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig 04109, Germany
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Chaichompoo P, Svasti S, Smith DR. The Roles of Mitophagy and Autophagy in Ineffective Erythropoiesis in β-Thalassemia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:10811. [PMID: 36142738 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
β-Thalassemia is one of the most common genetically inherited disorders worldwide, and it is characterized by defective β-globin chain synthesis leading to reduced or absent β-globin chains. The excess α-globin chains are the key factor leading to the death of differentiating erythroblasts in a process termed ineffective erythropoiesis, leading to anemia and associated complications in patients. The mechanism of ineffective erythropoiesis in β-thalassemia is complex and not fully understood. Autophagy is primarily known as a cell recycling mechanism in which old or dysfunctional proteins and organelles are digested to allow recycling of constituent elements. In late stage, erythropoiesis autophagy is involved in the removal of mitochondria as part of terminal differentiation. Several studies have shown that autophagy is increased in earlier erythropoiesis in β-thalassemia erythroblasts, as compared to normal erythroblasts. This review summarizes what is known about the role of autophagy in β-thalassemia erythropoiesis and shows that modulation of autophagy and its interplay with apoptosis may provide a new therapeutic route in the treatment of β-thalassemia. Literature was searched and relevant articles were collected from databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Prospero, Clinicaltrials.gov, Google Scholar, and the Google search engine. Search terms included: β-thalassemia, ineffective erythropoiesis, autophagy, novel treatment, and drugs during the initial search. Relevant titles and abstracts were screened to choose relevant articles. Further, selected full-text articles were retrieved, and then, relevant cross-references were scanned to collect further information for the present review.
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