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Doom JR, Deer LK, Dieujuste N, Han D, Rivera KM, Scott SR. Youth psychosocial resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic. Curr Opin Psychol 2023; 53:101656. [PMID: 37499532 PMCID: PMC10592273 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2023.101656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Globally, youth have experienced heightened levels of stress due to the COVID-19 pandemic, though many youth showed resilience to mental health problems despite this increased stress. The current review covers emerging literature published in the past three years on resilience factors that promote more positive mental health in youth ages 10-18 years. These factors generally fall into three categories: 1) resilience factors at the level of the individual, 2) social resilience factors, and 3) interventions to enhance youth resilience during the pandemic. We include recommendations for future longitudinal research to better understand and promote resilience given the context of the pandemic, particularly for youth who experienced high levels of adversity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Deborah Han
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, USA
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Ozturk O, Golparvar A, Acar G, Guler S, Yapici MK. Single-arm diagnostic electrocardiography with printed graphene on wearable textiles. Sens Actuators A Phys 2023; 349:114058. [PMID: 36447633 PMCID: PMC9686048 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2022.114058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Stimulated by the COVID-19 outbreak, the global healthcare industry better acknowledges the necessity of innovating novel methods for remote healthcare monitoring and treating patients outside clinics. Here we report the development of two different types of graphene textile electrodes differentiated by the employed fabrication techniques (i.e., dip-coating and spray printing) and successful demonstration of ergonomic and truly wearable, single-arm diagnostic electrocardiography (SADE) using only 3 electrodes positioned on only 1 arm. The performance of the printed graphene e-textile wearable systems were benchmarked against the "gold standard" silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) "wet" electrodes; achieving excellent correlation up to ∼ 96% and ∼ 98% in ECG recordings (15 s duration) acquired with graphene textiles fabricated by dip-coating and spray printing techniques, respectively. In addition, we successfully implemented automatic detection of heartrate of 8 volunteers (mean value: 74.4 bpm) during 5 min of static and dynamic daily activities and benchmarked their recordings with a standard fingertip photoplethysmography (PPG) device. Heart rate variability (HRV) was calculated, and the root means successive square difference (rMMSD) metric was 30 ms during 5 min of recording. Other cardiac parameters such as R-R interval, QRS complex duration, S-T segment duration, and T-wave duration were also detected and compared to typical chest ECG values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozberk Ozturk
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ata Golparvar
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
- Integrated Circuit Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 2002 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Gizem Acar
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Saygun Guler
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Kaya Yapici
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Washington, 98195 Seattle, USA
- Sabanci University SUNUM Nanotechnology Research Center, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
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Dell’Acqua C, Mura F, Messerotti Benvenuti S, Patron E, Palomba D. Reduced heart rate variability and expressive suppression interact to prospectively predict COVID-19 pandemic-related post-traumatic stress symptoms. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21311. [PMID: 36494439 PMCID: PMC9734110 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25915-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is a unique period of stress that, in some cases, led to post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSSs). Emotion regulation strategies are known to modulate the emotional response to stressful events. Expressive suppression (ES) is a maladaptive strategy related to the exacerbation of the physiological stress response. Heart rate variability (HRV), an index of cardiac autonomic balance strictly related to ES, was also shown to predict PTSSs. This was the first study to investigate whether the pre-pandemic ES use and resting-state HRV predicted pandemic-related PTSSs. Before the pandemic, 83 (58 females) university students completed the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ), self-report measures of anxiety and depressive symptoms, and a three-minute resting-state electrocardiogram recording. After 12 months, 61 (45 females) participants completed a self-report measure of pandemic-related PTSSs and repeated the self-report psychological measures. Pre-pandemic anxiety symptoms prospectively predicted greater PTSSs. Moreover, a significant interaction between HRV and ES in predicting PTSSs emerged, whereby those who had higher levels of ES and reduced HRV showed higher PTSSs. These findings suggest that an integrated assessment of HRV and ES might be useful for identifying individuals who are more vulnerable to the development of PTSSs during crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola Dell’Acqua
- grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Via Venezia, 8, 35131 Padua, Italy ,grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Francesca Mura
- grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Via Venezia, 8, 35131 Padua, Italy ,grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Simone Messerotti Benvenuti
- grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Via Venezia, 8, 35131 Padua, Italy ,grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padua, Padua, Italy ,grid.411474.30000 0004 1760 2630Hospital Psychology Unit, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Patron
- grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Via Venezia, 8, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Daniela Palomba
- grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Via Venezia, 8, 35131 Padua, Italy ,grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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Ma X, Wan J. Exploring the role of digital media dependency on the relationship between personal involvement and flashbulb memory during the pandemic: Empirical evidence from Mainland China. Front Psychol 2022; 13:985287. [PMID: 36438306 PMCID: PMC9692094 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.985287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Flashbulb memory (FBM) is viewed as a special type of autobiographical memory due to its richness of individuals’ self-related details when hearing the news and the long duration. It also helps shape people’s impression of public events to some extent. Given that personal involvement is one of the important antecedent variables of FBM, this study proposed to investigate it from spatiotemporal involvement (spatiotemporal distance) and empathic involvement (empathy level) to explore the impact of personal involvement on the formation of FBM during the Covid-19 pandemic. In particular, digital media dependency was considered in the influence of involvement on the FBM since it is a crucial information source for individuals and a path to spread information about their lives and work during the pandemic. In this study, a total of 546 valid questionnaires (from May 1, 2022, to May 7, 2022) and 349 valid questionnaires (from May 10, 2022, to May 17, 2022) were collected through a two-stage online survey in Shanghai, China towards the epidemic wave at the end of March 2022. The mediating mode of digital media dependency was also examined on personal involvement in FBM performance, which consists of FBM specificity, confidence, and consistency. Results showed that empathic involvement had a significant negative influence on FBM specificity, namely the higher the empathy level was, the worse the FBM specificity would be, in which digital media dependency played a suppressing effect. Individuals’ spatiotemporal involvement was proved to have a significant positive influence on FBM specificity and consistency. It was one of the first to investigate the FBM formation process around “small peak” events in the context of the ongoing pandemic. Innovatively, empathy was adopted as the index of memory arousal for empathic involvement, and digital media dependency was considered an important mediator variable in the memory study. The research results have practical significance for promoting the process of epidemic recovery integrated with digital media and can provide a social reference for the shaping process of disaster memory from the perspective of digital information and emotional transmission.
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García-Suárez PC, Canton-Martínez E, Rentería I, Moura Antunes B, Machado-Parra JP, Aburto-Corona JA, Gómez-Miranda LM, Jiménez-Maldonado A. Remote, Whole-Body Interval Training Improves Muscular Endurance and Cardiac Autonomic Control in Young Adults. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:13897. [PMID: 36360775 PMCID: PMC9657792 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192113897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is an exercise modality acknowledged to maintain physical fitness with more engagement in an active lifestyle compared with other traditional exercise models. Nevertheless, its effects on cardiac control and physical performance in an online-guided setting are not yet clarified. The present work assessed physical fitness and heart rate variability (HRV) before and after an online, home-based HIIT program in college-age students while pandemic lockdowns were in effect. Twenty university students (age: 21.9 ± 2.4 years.) that were solely enrolled in online classes were distributed into three groups: control-CON-(n = 6), 14 min of HIIT-HIIT-14-(n = 8), and 21 min of HIIT-HIIT-21-(n = 6). A maximal push-up test was employed to assess muscular endurance and performance, and resting HRV signals were collected with wireless heart rate monitors and were processed in Kubios HRV Std. (Kubios Oy, Finland). There was an increase in total push-up capacity compared to CON (p < 0.05 HIIT-21 vs. CON; p < 0.001 HIIT-14 vs. CON) after 8 weeks. A significant interaction was observed in high-frequency and low-frequency spectra ratios after the HIIT-21 intervention (p < 0.05). The current work demonstrated that either short- or mid-volume online, whole-body HIIT improves muscle strength, whereas mid-volume HIIT (HIIT-21) was the only intervention that developed a sympathovagal adaptation. This study showed promising results on muscular endurance and cardiac autonomic modulation through whole-body HIIT practice at home.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Concepción García-Suárez
- Facultad de Deportes Campus Ensenada, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Ensenada 22800, Mexico
- Department of Health, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Ermilo Canton-Martínez
- Facultad de Deportes Campus Ensenada, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Ensenada 22800, Mexico
| | - Iván Rentería
- Facultad de Deportes Campus Ensenada, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Ensenada 22800, Mexico
| | - Barbara Moura Antunes
- Facultad de Deportes Campus Ensenada, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Ensenada 22800, Mexico
| | - Juan Pablo Machado-Parra
- Facultad de Deportes Campus Ensenada, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Ensenada 22800, Mexico
| | | | - Luis Mario Gómez-Miranda
- Facultad de Deportes Campus Tijuana, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Tijuana 22390, Mexico
| | - Alberto Jiménez-Maldonado
- Facultad de Deportes Campus Ensenada, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Ensenada 22800, Mexico
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Ostrov JM, Murray-Close D, Perry KJ, Perhamus GR, Memba GV, Rice DR, Nowalis S. Parenting and Adjustment Problems among Preschoolers during COVID-19. J Child Fam Stud 2022; 32:93-109. [PMID: 36157198 PMCID: PMC9488881 DOI: 10.1007/s10826-022-02439-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A critical area of developmental science explores factors that confer risk or protection as young children and their families experience stressful circumstances related to sociohistorical events. This study contributes to this important area by assessing relations between family context and child adjustment as children transitioned from preschool to home learning during COVID-19, and whether children higher in stress levels, indexed by morning basal cortisol, were more strongly affected. Parents of 74 children (M age = 53.56 months, SD age = 3.68 months) completed reports spanning the home learning transition; children's pre-COVID-19 transition salivary cortisol levels were assessed. Path analyses were used to test the preregistered study aims. Significant interactions were decomposed using simple slopes and Preacher's Regions of Significance (ROS) method. Across the COVID-19 transition to home-based school, children with higher morning basal cortisol experienced the sharpest increase in anger when exposed to harsh/inconsistent parenting contexts. Importantly, these effects held when controlling for household chaos, socioeconomic resources, and supportive parenting. Parallel models with supportive parenting were also tested and are discussed. This study is one of the first to test and provide support for biological sensitivity to context theory within the context of a natural experiment like COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie M. Ostrov
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA
| | - Dianna Murray-Close
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT USA
| | - Kristin J. Perry
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA
| | - Gretchen R. Perhamus
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA
| | - Gabriela V. Memba
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA
| | - Danielle R. Rice
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA
| | - Sarah Nowalis
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA
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Miller JG, Buthmann JL, Gotlib IH. Hippocampal volume indexes neurobiological sensitivity to the effect of pollution burden on telomere length in adolescents. New Dir Child Adolesc Dev 2022; 2022:155-172. [PMID: 35738556 DOI: 10.1002/cad.20471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to environmental pollutants has been associated with cellular aging in children and adolescents. Individuals may vary, however, in their sensitivity or vulnerability to the effects of environmental pollutants. Larger hippocampal volume has emerged as a potential index of increased sensitivity to social contexts. In exploratory analyses (N = 214), we extend work in this area by providing evidence that larger hippocampal volume in early adolescence reflects increased sensitivity to the effect of neighborhood pollution burden on telomere length (standardized β = -0.40, 95% CI[-0.65, -0.15]). In contrast, smaller hippocampal volume appears to buffer this association (standardized β = 0.02). In youth with larger hippocampal volume, pollution burden was indirectly associated with shorter telomere length approximately 2 years later through shorter telomere length at baseline (indirect standardized β = -0.25, 95% CI[-0.40, 0.10]). For these youth, living in high or low pollution-burdened neighborhoods may predispose them to develop shorter or longer telomeres, respectively, later in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas G Miller
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jessica L Buthmann
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Ian H Gotlib
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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Miller JG, Ho TC, Kirshenbaum JS, Chahal R, Gifuni AJ, Gotlib IH. Testing a Developmental Model of Positive Parenting, Amygdala–Subgenual Anterior Cingulate Cortex Connectivity, and Depressive Symptoms in Adolescents Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science 2021; 1:291-299. [PMID: 36325504 PMCID: PMC9616303 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2021.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neurobiological measures may inform our understanding of individual differences in adolescents’ general risk for and resilience to depressive symptoms, including during the COVID-19 pandemic. We tested a developmental model linking variation in amygdala–subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC) resting-state connectivity to perceived parenting experiences earlier in adolescence, to concurrent depressive symptoms before the pandemic, and to subsequent depressive symptoms during the pandemic. Methods We used data from a longitudinal study that included three waves (N = 214 adolescents; ages 9–15 years at time 1 [T1], 11–17 years at T2, and 12–19 years during the pandemic at T3). We assessed positive parenting (warm and supportive) (T1), depressive symptoms (T1 to T3), and functional connectivity between the sgACC and basolateral (BLA) and centromedial amygdala (T1 and T2). We modeled associations among earlier positive parenting, amygdala–sgACC connectivity, and depressive symptoms before and during the pandemic. Results Less positive parenting at T1 was associated prospectively with stronger BLA–sgACC connectivity at T2 (β = −0.22) over and above the effect of BLA–sgACC connectivity at T1. Stronger BLA–sgACC connectivity, in turn, was associated with heightened depressive symptoms, both before the pandemic (r = 0.21) and during the pandemic (β = 0.19; independent of the effect of pre-pandemic symptoms). Conclusions Adolescents who experience less positive parenting may develop a pattern of BLA–sgACC connectivity that increases their risk for mental health problems. BLA–sgACC connectivity may be associated with depressive symptoms in general, including during periods of heightened risk for adolescents, such as the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas G. Miller
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
- Address correspondence to Jonas G. Miller, Ph.D.
| | - Tiffany C. Ho
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Rajpreet Chahal
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Anthony J. Gifuni
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
- Psychiatry Department, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ian H. Gotlib
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
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