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Yang L, Chen C, Zhang Z, Wei X. Glucose Determination by a Single 1535 nm Pulsed Photoacoustic Technique: A Multiple Calibration for the External Factors. Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2022; 2022:1-10. [PMID: 36247088 PMCID: PMC9553719 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9593843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Photoacoustic spectroscopy has been proved to be a potential method for noninvasive blood glucose detection. We used 1535 nm pulsed laser to excite photoacoustic signal in glucose solution and then explored the influence of different glucose concentration on photoacoustic signal to analyze the sensitivity of photoacoustic signal to glucose at this wavelength. We designed a simple photoacoustic cell structure, which used a focused ultrasonic transducer to receive signals, so as to reduce signal attenuation. In terms of the results, we have found that for high-concentration glucose solutions, the results have strong linearity and discrimination, and when the concentration is close to the human body level, the signal difference is not so obvious. Therefore, we explore the external factors affecting the photoacoustic signal in detail and propose a calibration method. Through calibration, the signal generated by the low-concentration glucose solution also has a good linearity.
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Lan H, Jiang D, Yang C, Gao F, Gao F. Y-Net: Hybrid deep learning image reconstruction for photoacoustic tomography in vivo. Photoacoustics 2020; 20:100197. [PMID: 32612929 PMCID: PMC7322183 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2020.100197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Conventional reconstruction algorithms (e.g., delay-and-sum) used in photoacoustic imaging (PAI) provide a fast solution while many artifacts remain, especially for limited-view with ill-posed problem. In this paper, we propose a new convolutional neural network (CNN) framework Y-Net: a CNN architecture to reconstruct the initial PA pressure distribution by optimizing both raw data and beamformed images once. The network combines two encoders with one decoder path, which optimally utilizes more information from raw data and beamformed image. We compared our result with some ablation studies, and the results of the test set show better performance compared with conventional reconstruction algorithms and other deep learning method (U-Net). Both in-vitro and in-vivo experiments are used to validated our method, which still performs better than other existing methods. The proposed Y-Net architecture also has high potential in medical image reconstruction for other imaging modalities beyond PAI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengrong Lan
- Hybrid Imaging System Laboratory, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Vision and Imaging, School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Shanghai 200050, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Daohuai Jiang
- Hybrid Imaging System Laboratory, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Vision and Imaging, School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Shanghai 200050, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Changchun Yang
- Hybrid Imaging System Laboratory, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Vision and Imaging, School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Shanghai 200050, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Hybrid Imaging System Laboratory, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Vision and Imaging, School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Hybrid Imaging System Laboratory, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Vision and Imaging, School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
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Ye H, Liu Y, Zhan L, Liu Y, Qin Z. Signal amplification and quantification on lateral flow assays by laser excitation of plasmonic nanomaterials. Theranostics 2020; 10:4359-4373. [PMID: 32292500 PMCID: PMC7150487 DOI: 10.7150/thno.44298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lateral flow assay (LFA) has become one of the most widely used point-of-care diagnostic methods due to its simplicity and low cost. While easy to use, LFA suffers from its low sensitivity and poor quantification, which largely limits its applications for early disease diagnosis and requires further testing to eliminate false-negative results. Over the past decade, signal enhancement strategies that took advantage of the laser excitation of plasmonic nanomaterials have pushed down the detection limit and enabled quantification of analytes. Significantly, these methods amplify the signal based on the current LFA design without modification. This review highlights these strategies of signal enhancement for LFA including surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), photothermal and photoacoustic methods. Perspectives on the rational design of the reader systems are provided. Future translation of the research toward clinical applications is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihang Ye
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, USA
| | - Yaning Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, USA
| | - Li Zhan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 111 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Yilin Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 111 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Zhenpeng Qin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, USA
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, USA
- Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Lines Blvd, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
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Zhang YJ, Chen S, Yu YL, Wang JH. A miniaturized photoacoustic device with laptop readout for point-of-care testing of blood glucose. Talanta 2019; 209:120527. [PMID: 31892079 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic (PA) effect has been widely applied in many fields, e.g., physics, chemistry and biomedicine. Herein, a miniaturized PA device is developed by integrating laser source, photo chopper, PA cell, microphone, and laptop for point-of-care testing in bioassay. With glucose assay as model, a piece of paper strip preloading chitosan, starch-potassium iodide (KI) and glucose oxidase (GOD) as lab-on-paper is employed for loading sample prior to PA detection. In the presence of glucose, the product generated on the paper strip would give rise to a strong PA signal in the PA cell under the irradiation of frequency-modulated laser at 520 nm via laptop readout. With a sample volume of 20 μL, a detection limit of 0.03 mM is obtained for glucose assay, along with a linear range of 0.08-1 mM. The accuracy and practicability of the present PA device is well demonstrated by detecting glucose in whole blood. Differing from the conventional PA instrument, the present PA device is really small in bulk with competitive sensitivity and excellent stability, offering a promising tool for point-of-care testing in bioassay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jie Zhang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110169, China
| | - Yong-Liang Yu
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang, 110819, China.
| | - Jian-Hua Wang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang, 110819, China
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Abstract
A novel "guide star" assisted photoacoustic (GSPA) method for noninvasive glucose measurement has been proposed. Instead of receiving PA signals that are directly generated by tissue, a virtual photodiode is employed to amplify the PA signal difference regarding amplitude and peak arrival time caused by glucose concentration variations in an indirect way. Being different from traditional PA spectroscopy, this method can improve sensitivity and accuracy by optimizing optical path lengths (or tissue thickness). On the other hand, being superior to near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, it utilizes both optical absorption and acoustic propagation velocity information confered by PA signals. Theoretical analysis and simulation have been done to illustrate how the concentration change affects the PA waveform. In vitro experiments on aqueous glucose solution were conducted with concentrations varying in human physiological range (50-350 mg/dL). Performance of quartz cuvettes with 1 mm and 2 mm optical path lengths were compared in terms of correlation quality ( R2), degree of agreement (Bland-Altman plot), and clinical accuracy (Clarke's Error Grid analysis) to demonstrate the scalability of sensitivity provided by the indirect method. Longer optical length shows better sensitivity and accuracy in this case. Moreover, detection was also done on human blood serum to further prove the potential of the proposed method for clinical application. Our proposed method provides a solution to enhance sensitivity, facilitating development of portable and low-cost PA sensors with low power laser diodes for noninvasive glucose monitoring and other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruochong Zhang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Fei Gao
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
- School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xiaohua Feng
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Haoran Jin
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Shaohua Zhang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Siyu Liu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yunqi Luo
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Bengang Xing
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore
| | - Yuanjin Zheng
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
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Abstract
A novel method of noninvasive photoacoustic glucose measurement utilizing the amplitude and phase difference information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruochong Zhang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- 639798 Singapore
| | - Fei Gao
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- 639798 Singapore
- School of Information Science and Technology
- ShanghaiTech University
| | - Xiaohua Feng
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- 639798 Singapore
| | - Siyu Liu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- 639798 Singapore
| | - Rahul Kishor
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- 639798 Singapore
| | - Yunqi Luo
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- 639798 Singapore
| | - Yuanjin Zheng
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- 639798 Singapore
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Akhtar N, El-Safty SA, Abdelsalam ME, Kawarada H. One-Pot Fabrication of Dendritic NiO@carbon-nitrogen Dot Electrodes for Screening Blood Glucose Level in Diabetes. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:2110-2119. [PMID: 26293491 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 07/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Selective and sensitive glucose sensors with fast response for screening diabetic blood level are demanded. In this paper, the one-pot nanoarchitecture of dendritic NiO@carbon-nitrogen (C-N) dots (designated as NCD) sphere-wrapping Ni foam electrodes are reported as an effective and sensitive glucose sensor in blood samples. In this construction design, the NCD sphere electrode with excessive surface defects, large fractions of catalytic active sites, high surface area, and mobility of electron transfer through the actively surface NCD sphere can massively enhance the electrocatalytic activity for nonenzymatic glucose detection in diabetic blood. This portable sensor enables highly sensitive recognition of glucose detection (≈0.01 × 10-6 m) over a wider linear range (≈0.005-12 × 10-3 m) with rapid response time of a few seconds. The key result is that the engineered NCD sphere electrodes function as simple, easy-to-use electrochemical sensing assays of glucose levels in diabetic blood patients with a wide range of precision or linearity, recyclability, and excellent selectivity, even in the presence of potentially interfering organic (ascorbic acid, uric acid, dopamine, lactose, maltose, and sucrose) and inorganic (NaCl, Na2 SO4 , KCl, and K2 SO4 ) species. The results demonstrate the potential for the electrochemical sensors to be used in preventing serious health problems associated with diabetes mismanagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naeem Akhtar
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS); 1-2-1 Sengen Tsukuba-shi Ibaraki-ken 305-0047 Japan
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering; Waseda University; 3-4-1 Okubo Shinjuku-Ku Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
| | - Sherif A. El-Safty
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS); 1-2-1 Sengen Tsukuba-shi Ibaraki-ken 305-0047 Japan
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering; Waseda University; 3-4-1 Okubo Shinjuku-Ku Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Kawarada
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering; Waseda University; 3-4-1 Okubo Shinjuku-Ku Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
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Camou S. Phase Difference Optimization of Dual-Wavelength Excitation for the CW-Photoacoustic-Based Noninvasive and Selective Investigation of Aqueous Solutions of Glucose. Sensors (Basel) 2015. [PMID: 26198230 PMCID: PMC4541882 DOI: 10.3390/s150716358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Towards the noninvasive and continuous monitoring of blood glucose levels, we chose the continuous-wave photoacoustic (CW-PA) technique and developed the optical power balance shift (OPBS) method. However, operating with optical wavelengths in the near-infrared (NIR) region ensures deep penetration inside human soft-tissue, but also leads to two serious issues: strong background level noise from water molecules in this wavelength range and small differences between the absorbance spectra of diluted compounds. To resolve them, the OPBS method relies on simultaneous optical excitation at two wavelengths for differential measurements. However, the first validation in vitro with calibrated aqueous solutions of glucose and albumin revealed strong dependence on the phase difference between the two lights sources. In this paper, we report a systematic investigation of this parameter, from PA-based measurements over a wide range of phase differences and an extensive characterization in the frequency domain. The process of maintaining the phase quadrature of the two optical signals is demonstrated in real time through an analysis of the PA signal and therefore does not require any additional equipment. Finally, a comparison of aqueous glucose solution characterizations at high concentration levels with the two methods was performed and consistent results were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Camou
- NTT Device Technology Laboratories, NTT Corporation, Atsugi 243-0198, Japan.
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Zhao Y, Chu J, Li SH, Li WW, Liu G, Tian YC, Yu HQ. Non-Enzymatic Electrochemical Detection of Glucose with a Gold Nanowire Array Electrode. ELECTROANAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201300565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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