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G Jagadeeshaprasad M, Zeng J, Zheng N. LC-MS bioanalysis of protein biomarkers and protein therapeutics in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue specimens. Bioanalysis 2024; 16:245-258. [PMID: 38226835 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2023-0210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) is a form of preservation and preparation for biopsy specimens. FFPE tissue specimens are readily available as part of oncology studies because they are often collected for disease diagnosis or confirmation. FFPE tissue specimens could be extremely useful for retrospective studies on protein biomarkers because the samples preserved in FFPE blocks could be stable for decades. However, LC-MS bioanalysis of FFPE tissues poses significant challenges. In this Perspective, we review the benefits and recent developments in LC-MS approach for targeted protein biomarker and protein therapeutic analysis using FFPE tissues and their clinical and translational applications. We believe that LC-MS bioanalysis of protein biomarkers in FFPE tissue specimens represents a great potential for its clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jianing Zeng
- Department of Protein Sciences & Mass Spectrometry, Translational Medicine, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA
| | - Naiyu Zheng
- Department of Protein Sciences & Mass Spectrometry, Translational Medicine, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA
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2
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Venz S, von Bohlen Und Halbach V, Hentschker C, Junker H, Kuss AW, Sura T, Krüger E, Völker U, von Bohlen Und Halbach O, Jensen LR, Hammer E. Global Protein Profiling in Processed Immunohistochemistry Tissue Sections. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11308. [PMID: 37511068 PMCID: PMC10379013 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue sections, which are widely used in research and diagnostic laboratories and have already been examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC), may subsequently provide a resource for proteomic studies, even though only small amount of protein is available. Therefore, we established a workflow for tandem mass spectrometry-based protein profiling of IHC specimens and characterized defined brain area sections. We investigated the CA1 region of the hippocampus dissected from brain slices of adult C57BL/6J mice. The workflow contains detailed information on sample preparation from brain slices, including removal of antibodies and cover matrices, dissection of region(s) of interest, protein extraction and digestion, mass spectrometry measurement, and data analysis. The Gene Ontology (GO) knowledge base was used for further annotation. Literature searches and Gene Ontology annotation of the detected proteins verify the applicability of this method for global protein profiling using formalin-fixed and embedded material and previously used IHC slides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Venz
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Christian Hentschker
- Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Heike Junker
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Andreas Walter Kuss
- Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas Sura
- Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Elke Krüger
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Uwe Völker
- Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Lars Riff Jensen
- Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Elke Hammer
- Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
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3
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Li K, Wang M, Akoglu M, Pollard AC, Klecker JB, Alfonso P, Corrionero A, Prendiville N, Qu W, Parker MFL, Turkman N, Cohen JA, Tonge PJ. Synthesis and Preclinical Evaluation of a Novel Fluorine-18-Labeled Tracer for Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2023; 6:410-421. [PMID: 36926452 PMCID: PMC10012250 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.2c00215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a target for treating B-cell malignancies and autoimmune diseases. To aid in the discovery and development of BTK inhibitors and improve clinical diagnoses, we have developed a positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer based on a selective BTK inhibitor, remibrutinib. [18F]PTBTK3 is an aromatic, 18F-labeled tracer that was synthesized in 3 steps with a 14.8 ± 2.4% decay-corrected radiochemical yield and ≥99% radiochemical purity. The cellular uptake of [18F]PTBTK3 was blocked up to 97% in JeKo-1 cells using remibrutinib or non-radioactive PTBTK3. [18F]PTBTK3 exhibited renal and hepatobiliary clearance in NOD SCID (non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency) mice, and the tumor uptake of [18F]PTBTK3 in BTK-positive JeKo-1 xenografts (1.23 ± 0.30% ID/cc) was significantly greater at 60 min post injection compared to the tumor uptake in BTK-negative U87MG xenografts (0.41 ± 0.11% ID/cc). In the JeKo-1 xenografts, tumor uptake was blocked up to 62% by remibrutinib, indicating the BTK-dependent uptake of [18F]PTBTK3 in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixuan Li
- Center
for Advanced Study of Drug Action and Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, John S. Toll Drive, Stony
Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
| | - Mingqian Wang
- Center
for Advanced Study of Drug Action and Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, John S. Toll Drive, Stony
Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
| | - Melike Akoglu
- Center
for Advanced Study of Drug Action and Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, John S. Toll Drive, Stony
Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
| | - Alyssa C. Pollard
- Center
for Advanced Study of Drug Action and Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, John S. Toll Drive, Stony
Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
| | - John B. Klecker
- Center
for Advanced Study of Drug Action and Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, John S. Toll Drive, Stony
Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
| | - Patricia Alfonso
- Enzymlogic
S.L., QUBE Technology
Park, C/Santiago Grisolía, 2, 28760 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Corrionero
- Enzymlogic
S.L., QUBE Technology
Park, C/Santiago Grisolía, 2, 28760 Madrid, Spain
| | - Niall Prendiville
- Enzymlogic
S.L., QUBE Technology
Park, C/Santiago Grisolía, 2, 28760 Madrid, Spain
| | - Wenchao Qu
- Center
for Advanced Study of Drug Action and Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, John S. Toll Drive, Stony
Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
- Department
of Psychiatry, Department of Radiology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook Cancer
Center, and Facility of Experimental Radiopharmaceutical Manufacturing (FERM), Stony Brook Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony
Brook University, Stony
Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Matthew F. L. Parker
- Center
for Advanced Study of Drug Action and Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, John S. Toll Drive, Stony
Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
- Department
of Psychiatry, Department of Radiology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook Cancer
Center, and Facility of Experimental Radiopharmaceutical Manufacturing (FERM), Stony Brook Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony
Brook University, Stony
Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Nashaat Turkman
- Department
of Psychiatry, Department of Radiology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook Cancer
Center, and Facility of Experimental Radiopharmaceutical Manufacturing (FERM), Stony Brook Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony
Brook University, Stony
Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Jules A. Cohen
- Department
of Psychiatry, Department of Radiology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook Cancer
Center, and Facility of Experimental Radiopharmaceutical Manufacturing (FERM), Stony Brook Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony
Brook University, Stony
Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Peter J. Tonge
- Center
for Advanced Study of Drug Action and Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, John S. Toll Drive, Stony
Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
- Department
of Psychiatry, Department of Radiology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook Cancer
Center, and Facility of Experimental Radiopharmaceutical Manufacturing (FERM), Stony Brook Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony
Brook University, Stony
Brook, New York 11794, United States
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4
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Wu CP, Murakami M, Wu YS, Chi YC, Hsiao SH, Huang YH, Hung TH, Ambudkar SV. Branebrutinib (BMS-986195), a Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, Resensitizes P-Glycoprotein-Overexpressing Multidrug-Resistant Cancer Cells to Chemotherapeutic Agents. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:699571. [PMID: 34350184 PMCID: PMC8326665 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.699571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The overexpression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp/ABCB1), an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) drug transporter, often contributes to the development of multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer cells. P-gp mediates the ATP hydrolysis-dependent efflux of a wide range of chemotherapeutic agents out of cancer cells, thereby reducing the intracellular drug accumulation and decreasing the chemosensitivity of these multidrug-resistant cancer cells. Studies with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in P-gp-overexpressing cells have shown that certain TKIs could reverse MDR mediated by P-gp, while some TKIs are transported by P-gp. In the present work, we explored the prospect of repositioning branebrutinib (BMS-986195), a highly selective inhibitor of Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK), to resensitize P-gp-overexpressing multidrug-resistant cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents. Our results demonstrated that branebrutinib is capable of reversing P-gp-mediated MDR at sub-toxic concentrations, most likely by directly inhibiting the drug transport function of P-gp. Our findings were supported by the result of branebrutinib stimulating the ATPase activity of P-gp in a concentration-dependent manner and the in silico study of branebrutinib binding to the substrate-binding pocket of P-gp. In addition, we found that branebrutinib is equally cytotoxic to drug-sensitive parental cell lines and the respective P-gp-overexpressing multidrug-resistant variants, suggesting that it is unlikely that the overexpression of P-gp in cancer cells plays a significant role in reduced susceptibility or resistance to branebrutinib. In summary, we discovered an additional pharmacological action of branebrutinib against the activity of P-gp, which should be investigated further in future drug combination studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Pu Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Megumi Murakami
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Yu-Shan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chen Chi
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Han Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Hui Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Ho Hung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Suresh V Ambudkar
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Neubert H, Alley SC, Lee A, Jian W, Buonarati M, Edmison A, Garofolo F, Gorovits B, Haidar S, Mylott B, Nouri P, Qian M, Vinter S, Voelker T, Welink J, Wu J, Yang E, Yu H, Evans C, Summerfield S, Wang J, Bateman K, Boer J, Dean B, Dillen L, Faustino P, Ferrari L, Hughes N, Luo L, Olah T, Post N, Spellman DS, Sydor J, Zhang H, Zhang J, Zhang J, Fandozzi C, Wilson A, Fraier D, Beaver CJ, Dandamudi S, Dasgupta A, Elliott R, Ji A, Li W, McGuinness M, Lima Santos GM, Mirza T, Savoie N, Shakleya D, Sporring S, Stojdl S, Sundman P, Tampal N, Woolf E. 2020 White Paper on Recent Issues in Bioanalysis: BMV of Hybrid Assays, Acoustic MS, HRMS, Data Integrity, Endogenous Compounds, Microsampling and Microbiome ( Part 1 - Recommendations on Industry/Regulators Consensus on BMV of Biotherapeutics by LCMS, Advanced Application in Hybrid Assays, Regulatory Challenges in Mass Spec, Innovation in Small Molecules, Peptides and Oligos). Bioanalysis 2021; 13:203-38. [PMID: 33470871 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2020-0324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The 14th edition of the Workshop on Recent Issues in Bioanalysis (14th WRIB) was held virtually on June 15-29, 2020 with an attendance of over 1000 representatives from pharmaceutical/biopharmaceutical companies, biotechnology companies, contract research organizations, and regulatory agencies worldwide. The 14th WRIB included three Main Workshops, seven Specialized Workshops that together spanned 11 days in order to allow exhaustive and thorough coverage of all major issues in bioanalysis, biomarkers, immunogenicity, gene therapy, cell therapy and vaccine. Moreover, a comprehensive vaccine assays track; an enhanced cytometry track and updated Industry/Regulators consensus on BMV of biotherapeutics by Mass Spectrometry (hybrid assays, LCMS and HRMS) were special features in 2020. As in previous years, this year's WRIB continued to gather a wide diversity of international industry opinion leaders and regulatory authority experts working on both small and large molecules to facilitate sharing and discussions focused on improving quality, increasing regulatory compliance and achieving scientific excellence on bioanalytical issues. This 2020 White Paper encompasses recommendations emerging from the extensive discussions held during the workshop and is aimed to provide the Global Bioanalytical Community with key information and practical solutions on topics and issues addressed, in an effort to enable advances in scientific excellence, improved quality and better regulatory compliance. Due to its length, the 2020 edition of this comprehensive White Paper has been divided into three parts for editorial reasons. This publication covers the recommendations on (Part 1) Hybrid Assays, Innovation in Small Molecules, & Regulated Bioanalysis. Part 2A (BAV, PK LBA, Flow Cytometry Validation and Cytometry Innovation), Part 2B (Regulatory Input) and Part 3 (Vaccine, Gene/Cell Therapy, NAb Harmonization and Immunogenicity) are published in volume 13 of Bioanalysis, issues 5, and 6 (2021), respectively.
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6
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Zheng N, Taylor K, Gu H, Santockyte R, Wang XT, McCarty J, Adelakun O, Zhang YJ, Pillutla R, Zeng J. Antipeptide Immunocapture with In-Sample Calibration Curve Strategy for Sensitive and Robust LC-MS/MS Bioanalysis of Clinical Protein Biomarkers in Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Tumor Tissues. Anal Chem 2020; 92:14713-14722. [PMID: 33047598 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite huge promises, bioanalysis of protein biomarkers in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for clinical applications is still very challenging. Here, we describe a sensitive and robust LC-MS/MS assay to quantify clinical protein biomarkers in FFPE tumor sections using automated antipeptide antibody immunocapture followed by in-sample calibration curve (ISCC) strategy with multiple isotopologue reaction monitoring (MIRM) technique. ISCC approach with MIRM of stable isotopically labeled (SIL) peptides eliminated the need for authentic matrices for external calibration curves, overcame the matrix effects, and validated the quantification range in each individual sample. Specifically, after deparaffinization, rehydration, antigen retrieval, and homogenization, the protein analytes in FFPE tumor tissues were spiked with a known concentration of one SIL peptide for each analyte, followed by trypsin digestion and antipeptide immunocapture enrichment prior to MIRM-ISCC-based LC-MS/MS analysis. This approach has been successfully used for sensitive quantification of programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in 15 representative FFPE tumor samples from lung, colorectal, and head and neck cancer patients. Except for one sample, PD-L1 and PD-1 in all samples were quantifiable using this assay with concentrations of 27.85-798.43 (amol/μg protein) for PD-L1 and 16.96-129.89 (amol/μg protein) for PD-1. These results were generally in agreement with the immunohistochemistry (IHC) data but with some exceptions. This approach demonstrated the feasibility to quantify low abundant protein biomarkers in FFPE tissues with improved sensitivity, specificity, and robustness and showed great potential as an orthogonal analytical approach to IHC for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiyu Zheng
- Department of Translational Medicine, Bristol Myers Squibb, Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Kristin Taylor
- Department of Translational Medicine, Bristol Myers Squibb, Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Huidong Gu
- Department of Translational Medicine, Bristol Myers Squibb, Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Rasa Santockyte
- Department of Translational Medicine, Bristol Myers Squibb, Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Xi-Tao Wang
- Department of Translational Medicine, Bristol Myers Squibb, Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Jean McCarty
- Department of Translational Medicine, Bristol Myers Squibb, Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Olufemi Adelakun
- Department of Translational Medicine, Bristol Myers Squibb, Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Yan J Zhang
- Department of Translational Medicine, Bristol Myers Squibb, Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Renuka Pillutla
- Department of Translational Medicine, Bristol Myers Squibb, Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Jianing Zeng
- Department of Translational Medicine, Bristol Myers Squibb, Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
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7
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Chen J, Zheng N. Accelerating protein biomarker discovery and translation from proteomics research for clinical utility. Bioanalysis 2020; 12:1469-81. [DOI: 10.4155/bio-2020-0198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Discovery proteomics research has made significant progress in the past several years; however, the number of protein biomarkers deployed in clinical practice remains rather limited. There are several scientific and procedural gaps between discovery proteomics research and clinical implementation, which have contributed to poor biomarker validity and few clinical applications. The complexity and low throughput of proteomics approaches have added additional barriers for biomarker assay translation to clinical applications. Recently, targeted proteomics have become a powerful tool to bridge the biomarker discovery to clinical validation. In this perspective, we discuss the challenges and strategies in proteomics research from a clinical perspective, and propose several recommendations for discovery proteomics research to accelerate protein biomarker discovery and translation for future clinical applications.
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8
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Catlett IM, Nowak M, Kundu S, Zheng N, Liu A, He B, Girgis IG, Grasela DM. Safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of branebrutinib (BMS-986195), a covalent, irreversible inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase: Randomised phase I, placebo-controlled trial in healthy participants. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2020; 86:1849-1859. [PMID: 32198939 PMCID: PMC7444767 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.14290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Branebrutinib (BMS‐986195) is a potent, highly selective, oral, small‐molecule, covalent inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK). This study evaluated safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of branebrutinib in healthy participants. Methods This double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, single‐ and multiple‐ascending dose (SAD; MAD) Phase I study (NCT02705989) enrolled participants into 3 parts: SAD, MAD and JMAD (MAD in first‐generation Japanese participants). In each part, participants were randomised 3:1 to receive branebrutinib (SAD: 0.3–30 mg; [J]MAD: 0.3–10 mg) or placebo. Participants in the MAD parts received branebrutinib daily for 14 days and were followed for 14 days postdosing. Safety was assessed by monitoring, laboratory and physical examinations, vital signs, and recording adverse events (AEs). Pharmacodynamics were assessed with a mass spectrometry assay that measured drug‐occupied and free BTK. Results The SAD, MAD and JMAD parts of the study included 40, 32 and 24 participants. Branebrutinib was well tolerated and AEs were mild/moderate, except for 1 serious AE that led to discontinuation. Branebrutinib was rapidly absorbed, with maximum plasma concentration occurring within 1 hour and a half‐life of 1.2—1.7 hours, dropping to undetectable levels within 24 hours. BTK occupancy was rapid, with 100% occupancy reached after a single 10‐mg dose. BTK occupancy decayed predictably over time (mean half‐life in MAD panels: 115–154 hours), such that pharmacodynamic effects were maintained after branebrutinib plasma levels fell below the lower limit of quantification. Conclusion Rapid and high occupancy of BTK and the lack of notable safety findings support further clinical development of branebrutinib.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ang Liu
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Bing He
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
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9
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Ong LL, Vasta JD, Monereau L, Locke G, Ribeiro H, Pattoli MA, Skala S, Burke JR, Watterson SH, Tino JA, Meisenheimer PL, Arey B, Lippy J, Zhang L, Robers MB, Tebben A, Chaudhry C. A High-Throughput BRET Cellular Target Engagement Assay Links Biochemical to Cellular Activity for Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase. SLAS Discov 2019; 25:176-185. [PMID: 31709883 DOI: 10.1177/2472555219884881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinases are intensely studied mediators of cellular signaling. While traditional biochemical screens are capable of identifying compounds that modulate kinase activity, these assays are limited in their capability of predicting compound behavior in a cellular environment. Here, we aim to bridge target engagement and compound-cellular phenotypic behavior by utilizing a bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) assay to characterize target occupancy within living cells for Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK). Using a diverse chemical set of BTK inhibitors, we determine intracellular engagement affinity profiles and successfully correlate these measurements with BTK cellular functional readouts. In addition, we leveraged the kinetic capability of this technology to gain insight into in-cell target residence time and the duration of target engagement, and to explore a structural hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Ong
- Leads Discovery and Optimization, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - J D Vasta
- Promega Corporation, Madison, WI, USA
| | - L Monereau
- Leads Discovery and Optimization, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - G Locke
- Leads Discovery and Optimization, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - H Ribeiro
- Leads Discovery and Optimization, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - M A Pattoli
- Immunoscience Discovery Biology, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - S Skala
- Immunoscience Discovery Biology, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - J R Burke
- Immunoscience Discovery Biology, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - S H Watterson
- Immunosciences Discovery Chemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - J A Tino
- Immunosciences Discovery Chemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | | | - B Arey
- Leads Discovery and Optimization, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - J Lippy
- Leads Discovery and Optimization, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - L Zhang
- Leads Discovery and Optimization, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | | | - A Tebben
- Molecular Structure and Design, Molecular Discovery Technologies, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - C Chaudhry
- Leads Discovery and Optimization, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
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