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Wang Q, Zhang Y, Cui L, Meng J, Yang S, Li X, Wan S. Different roles of Ca 2+ and chitohexose in peanut ( Arachis Hypogaea) photosynthetic responses to PAMP-immunity. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16841. [PMID: 38361767 PMCID: PMC10868521 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background During active infections, plants prevent further spread of pathogenic microorganisms by inducing the rapid programmed death of cells around the infection point. This phenomenon is called the hypersensitive response and is a common feature of plant immune responses. Plants recognize conserved structures of pathogenic microorganisms, called pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), e.g., flagellin 22 (flg22) and chitohexose, which bind to receptors on plant cells to induce various immune-response pathways. Although abiotic stresses are known to alter photosynthesis, the different effects of flg22 and chitohexose, which are involved into PAMP-induced signaling, on photosynthesis needs further study. Methods In the present study, we assessed the role of PAMPs in peanut (Arachis hypogaea) photosynthesis, particularly, the interaction between PAMPs and Ca2+ signal transduction pathway. Results Both flg22 and chitohexose significantly promoted the expression of the pathogenesis-related genes PR-4 and PR-10, as did Ca2+. We found that Ca2+ is involved in downregulating the photosystem II (PSII) reaction center activity induced by the flg22 immune response, but the role of chitohexose is not obvious. Additionally, Ca2+ significantly reduced the non-photochemical energy dissipation in the flg22- and chitohexose-induced immune response. Conclusion These results indicated that flg22 and chitohexose can trigger peanut immune pathways through the Ca2+ signaling pathway, but they differ in their regulation of the activity of the PSII reaction center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Wang
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji’nan, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- HuangShan University, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Huangshan, China
| | - Li Cui
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji’nan, China
| | - Jingjing Meng
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji’nan, China
| | - Sha Yang
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji’nan, China
| | - Xinguo Li
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji’nan, China
| | - Shubo Wan
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji’nan, China
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Thomas R, Fukamizo T, Suginta W. Green-Chemical Strategies for Production of Tailor-Made Chitooligosaccharides with Enhanced Biological Activities. Molecules 2023; 28:6591. [PMID: 37764367 PMCID: PMC10536575 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitooligosaccharides (COSs) are b-1,4-linked homo-oligosaccharides of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) or glucosamine (GlcN), and also include hetero-oligosaccharides composed of GlcNAc and GlcN. These sugars are of practical importance because of their various biological activities, such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antitumor activities, as well as triggering the innate immunity in plants. The reported data on bioactivities of COSs used to contain some uncertainties or contradictions, because the experiments were conducted with poorly characterized COS mixtures. Recently, COSs have been satisfactorily characterized with respect to their structures, especially the degree of polymerization (DP) and degree of N-acetylation (DA); thus, the structure-bioactivity relationship of COSs has become more unambiguous. To date, various green-chemical strategies involving enzymatic synthesis of COSs with designed sequences and desired biological activities have been developed. The enzymatic strategies could involve transglycosylation or glycosynthase reactions using reducing end-activated sugars as the donor substrates and chitinase/chitosanase and their mutants as the biocatalysts. Site-specific chitin deacetylases were also proposed to be applicable for this purpose. Furthermore, to improve the yields of the COS products, metabolic engineering techniques could be applied. The above-mentioned approaches will provide the opportunity to produce tailor-made COSs, leading to the enhanced utilization of chitin biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reeba Thomas
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering (BSE), Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Payunai, Wangchan District, Rayong 21210, Thailand; (R.T.); (T.F.)
| | - Tamo Fukamizo
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering (BSE), Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Payunai, Wangchan District, Rayong 21210, Thailand; (R.T.); (T.F.)
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Kindai University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | - Wipa Suginta
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering (BSE), Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Payunai, Wangchan District, Rayong 21210, Thailand; (R.T.); (T.F.)
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Wang Q, Zhou X, Liu Y, Han Y, Zuo J, Deng J, Yuan L, Gao L, Bai W. Mixed oligosaccharides-induced changes in bacterial assembly during cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.) growth. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1195096. [PMID: 37492253 PMCID: PMC10364802 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1195096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of oligosaccharides can promote plant growth by increasing photosynthesis or inducing plant innate immunity. However, the mechanisms by which oligosaccharides affect bacterial community diversity and abundance remain unclear. In this study, a mixed oligosaccharide was applied to the growth of cucumbers. The findings of the present study suggest that the application of MixOS has significant effects on the bacterial communities in the phyllosphere, rhizosphere, and bulk soil of cucumber plants. The treatment with MixOS resulted in delayed senescence of leaves, well-developed roots, and higher fruit production. The bacterial diversity and composition varied among the different ecological niches, and MixOS application caused significant shifts in the bacterial microbiome composition, particularly in the phyllosphere. Moreover, mixed oligosaccharides increased the abundance of potential growth-promoting bacteria such as Methylorubrum spp. and Lechevalieria spp., and more zOTUs were shared between the WM and MixOS treatments. Furthermore, the bacterial co-occurrence network analysis suggested that the modularity of the phyllosphere networks was the highest among all samples. The bacterial co-occurrence networks were altered because of the application of MixOS, indicating a greater complexity of the bacterial interactions in the rhizosphere and bulk soil. These findings suggest that mixed oligosaccharides has the potential to improve plant growth and yield by modulating the bacterial communities within and outside the plants and could provide a theoretical basis for future agricultural production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiushui Wang
- Institute of Analysis and Testing, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology (Beijing Center for Physical and Chemical Analysis), Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Institute of Analysis and Testing, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology (Beijing Center for Physical and Chemical Analysis), Beijing, China
| | - Yan Han
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Zuo
- Institute of Analysis and Testing, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology (Beijing Center for Physical and Chemical Analysis), Beijing, China
| | - Jie Deng
- Institute of Analysis and Testing, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology (Beijing Center for Physical and Chemical Analysis), Beijing, China
| | - Liyan Yuan
- Institute of Analysis and Testing, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology (Beijing Center for Physical and Chemical Analysis), Beijing, China
| | - Lijuan Gao
- Institute of Analysis and Testing, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology (Beijing Center for Physical and Chemical Analysis), Beijing, China
| | - Wenbo Bai
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Liu M, Zhang F, Liu B, Meng X. Mechanisms and technology of marine oligosaccharides to control postharvest disease of fruits. Food Chem 2023; 404:134664. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Yu G, Chen F, Wang Y, Chen Q, Liu H, Tian J, Wang M, Ren C, Zhao Q, Yang F, Sheng Y, Wei J, Zhang Y. Exogenous γ-aminobutyric acid strengthens phenylpropanoid and nitrogen metabolism to enhance the contents of flavonoids, amino acids, and the derivatives in edamame. Food Chem X 2022; 16:100511. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Sahasakul Y, Aursalung A, Thangsiri S, Wongchang P, Sangkasa-ad P, Wongpia A, Polpanit A, Inthachat W, Temviriyanukul P, Suttisansanee U. Nutritional Compositions, Phenolic Contents, and Antioxidant Potentials of Ten Original Lineage Beans in Thailand. Foods 2022; 11:foods11142062. [PMID: 35885307 PMCID: PMC9324593 DOI: 10.3390/foods11142062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Legumes and pulses are nutrient-dense foods providing a good source of protein, complex carbohydrates, fiber, vitamins, minerals, and bioactive compounds. To breed a new lineage of beans with specific nutritional and health beneficial purposes, more information on original lineage beans must be obtained. However, data concerning the nutritive compositions, total phenolic contents (TPCs), and health benefits regarding the antioxidant potentials of some original lineage beans in Thailand remain scarce, causing difficulty in decisional selection to breed a new lineage. Thus, this study aimed to examine the nutritional values (proximate compositions, vitamins, and minerals), TPCs, and antioxidant activities of ten original lineage bean cultivars in Glycine, Phaseolus, and Vigna genera from Genebank, Department of Agriculture (DOA), Thailand. The results indicated that beans in the Glycine genus potentially provided higher energy, protein, fat, and calcium contents than other genera, while the Phaseolus genus tended to provide higher carbohydrate and dietary fiber. Specifically, lima bean cultivar ‘38’ exhibited high vitamin B1, and red kidney bean cultivar ‘112’ exhibited high potassium content. Beans in the Vigna genus exhibited high TPCs and antioxidant activities. However, their nutritional compositions were markedly varied. The results of this work could support bean consumption as a feasible alternative diet and be used as a reference for future bean breeding (within the same genera) of a new lineage with particular nutritional requirements and health potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuraporn Sahasakul
- Food and Nutrition Academic and Research Cluster, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (Y.S.); (A.A.); (S.T.); (W.I.); (P.T.)
| | - Amornrat Aursalung
- Food and Nutrition Academic and Research Cluster, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (Y.S.); (A.A.); (S.T.); (W.I.); (P.T.)
| | - Sirinapa Thangsiri
- Food and Nutrition Academic and Research Cluster, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (Y.S.); (A.A.); (S.T.); (W.I.); (P.T.)
| | - Pitthaya Wongchang
- Biotechnology Research and Development Office, Department of Agriculture Rangsit-Nakorn Nayok, Rangsit (Klong 6), Thanyaburi, Pathum Thani 12100, Thailand; (P.W.); (P.S.-a.); (A.W.)
| | - Parichart Sangkasa-ad
- Biotechnology Research and Development Office, Department of Agriculture Rangsit-Nakorn Nayok, Rangsit (Klong 6), Thanyaburi, Pathum Thani 12100, Thailand; (P.W.); (P.S.-a.); (A.W.)
| | - Aphinya Wongpia
- Biotechnology Research and Development Office, Department of Agriculture Rangsit-Nakorn Nayok, Rangsit (Klong 6), Thanyaburi, Pathum Thani 12100, Thailand; (P.W.); (P.S.-a.); (A.W.)
| | - Auytin Polpanit
- Chiang Mai Field Crops Research Center, Department of Agriculture, Nong Han, San Sai District, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand;
| | - Woorawee Inthachat
- Food and Nutrition Academic and Research Cluster, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (Y.S.); (A.A.); (S.T.); (W.I.); (P.T.)
| | - Piya Temviriyanukul
- Food and Nutrition Academic and Research Cluster, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (Y.S.); (A.A.); (S.T.); (W.I.); (P.T.)
| | - Uthaiwan Suttisansanee
- Food and Nutrition Academic and Research Cluster, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; (Y.S.); (A.A.); (S.T.); (W.I.); (P.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-(0)-2800-2380 (ext.422)
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Wang SY, Zhang YJ, Zhu GY, Shi XC, Chen X, Herrera-Balandrano DD, Liu FQ, Laborda P. Occurrence of isoflavones in soybean sprouts and strategies to enhance their content: A review. J Food Sci 2022; 87:1961-1982. [PMID: 35411587 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Sprouting is a common strategy to enhance the nutritional value of seeds. Here, all the reports regarding the occurrence of isoflavones in soybean sprouts have been covered for the first time. Isoflavones were detected with concentrations ranging from 1 × 10-2 to 1 × 101 g/kg in soybean sprouts. Isoflavone concentration depends on the cultivar, germination time, part of the sprout, light, and temperature. Aglycon isoflavones increased during germination, especially in the hypocotyl, while 6″-O-malonyl-7-O-β-glucoside isoflavones decreased in the hypocotyl and increased in the cotyledon and root. Cooking reduced total isoflavone content. Regarding the strategies to enhance isoflavone contents, fermentation with Aspergillus sojae and external irradiation with UV-A or far-infrared were the methods that caused the greatest increases in aglycon, 7-O-β-glucoside, and total isoflavones. However, the largest increases in 6″-O-malonyl-7-O-β-glucoside and 6″-O-acetyl-7-O-β-glucosides isoflavones were detected after treatment with chitohexaose and calcium chloride, respectively. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Soybean sprouts are widely consumed and provide essential proteins, antioxidants, and minerals. They are rich in isoflavones, which exhibit numerous health benefits, and have been studied as alternative therapies for a range of hormone-dependent conditions, such as cancer, menopausal symptoms, cardiovascular disease, and osteoporosis. Despite numerous reports being published to date regarding the occurrence of isoflavones in soybean sprouts, the publications in this field are highly dispersed, and a review has not yet been published. This review aims to (1) highlight the particular isoflavones that have been detected in soybean sprouts and their concentrations, (2) compared the effects of temperature, light, cooking and soybean cultivar affect the isoflavone levels on the different parts of the sprout, and (3) discuss the efficacy of the methods to enhance isoflavone contents. This review will provide a better understanding of the current state of this field of research by comparing the general trends and the different treatments for soybean sprouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Yan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yun-Jiao Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Gui-Yang Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xin-Chi Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xin Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | | | - Feng-Quan Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Pedro Laborda
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Tang W, Liu X, He Y, Yang F. Enhancement of Vindoline and Catharanthine Accumulation, Antioxidant Enzymes Activities, and Gene Expression Levels in Catharanthus roseus Leaves by Chitooligosaccharides Elicitation. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20030188. [PMID: 35323487 PMCID: PMC8950274 DOI: 10.3390/md20030188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don is a plant belonging to the genus Catharanthus of the Apocynaceae family. It contains more than one hundred alkaloids, of which some exhibit significant pharmacological activities. Chitooligosaccharides are the only basic aminooligosaccharides with positively charged cations in nature, which can regulate plant growth and antioxidant properties. In this study, the leaves of Catharanthus roseus were sprayed with chitooligosaccharides of different molecular weights (1 kDa, 2 kDa, 3 kDa) and different concentrations (0.01 μg/mL, 0.1 μg/mL, 1 μg/mL and 10 μg/mL). The fresh weights of its root, stem and leaf were all improved after chitooligosaccharides treatments. More importantly, the chitooligosaccharides elicitor strongly stimulated the accumulation of vindoline and catharanthine in the leaves, especially with the treatment of 0.1 μg/mL 3 kDa chitooligosaccharides, the contents of them were increased by 60.68% and 141.54%, respectively. Furthermore, as the defensive responses, antioxidant enzymes activities (catalase, glutathione reductase, ascorbate peroxidase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase) were enhanced under chitooligosaccharides treatments. To further elucidate the underlying mechanism, qRT-PCR was used to investigate the genes expression levels of secologanin synthase (SLS), strictosidine synthase (STR), strictosidine glucosidase (SGD), tabersonine 16-hydroxylase (T16H), desacetoxyvindoline-4-hydroxylase (D4H), deacetylvindoline-4-O-acetyltransferase (DAT), peroxidase 1 (PRX1) and octadecanoid-responsive Catharanthus AP2-domain protein 3 (ORCA3). All the genes were significantly up-regulated after chitooligosaccharides treatments, and the transcription abundance of ORCA3, SLS, STR, DAT and PRX1 reached a maximal level with 0.1 μg/mL 3 kDa chitooligosaccharides treatment. All these results suggest that spraying Catharanthus roseus leaves with chitooligosaccharides, especially 0.1 μg/mL of 3 kDa chitooligosaccharides, may effectively improve the pharmaceutical value of Catharanthus roseus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fan Yang
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-411-86323646
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Jia Y, Cai S, Muhoza B, Qi B, Li Y. Advance in dietary polyphenols as dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitors to alleviate type 2 diabetes mellitus: aspects from structure-activity relationship and characterization methods. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-16. [PMID: 34652225 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1989659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Dietary polyphenols with great antidiabetic effects are the most abundant components in edible products. Dietary polyphenols have attracted attention as dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors and indirectly improve insulin secretion. The DPP-IV inhibitory activities of dietary polyphenols depend on their structural diversity. Screening methods that can be used to rapidly and accurately identify potential polyphenol DPP-IV inhibitors are urgently needed. This review focuses on the relationship between the structures of dietary polyphenols and their DPP-IV inhibitory effects. Different characterization methods used for polyphenols as DPP-IV inhibitors have been summarized and compared. We conclude that the position and number of hydroxyl groups, methoxy groups, glycosylated groups, and the extent of conjugation influence the efficiency of inhibition of DPP-IV. Various combinations of methods, such as in-vitro enzymatic inhibition, ex-vivo/in-vivo enzymatic inhibition, cell-based in situ, and in-silico virtual screening, are used to evaluate the DPP-IV inhibitory effects of dietary polyphenols. Further investigations of polyphenol DPP-IV inhibitors will improve the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of these bioactive compounds. Exploration of (i) dietary polyphenols derived from multiple targets, that can prevent diabetes, and (ii) actual binding interactions via multispectral analysis, to understand the binding interactions in the complexes, is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijia Jia
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Shengbao Cai
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food, Yunnan Institute of Food Safety, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Bertrand Muhoza
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Baokun Qi
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Green Food Science Research Institute, Harbin, China.,National Research Center of Soybean Engineering and Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Green Food Science Research Institute, Harbin, China.,National Research Center of Soybean Engineering and Technology, Harbin, China
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Liu J, Gai L, Zong H. Foliage application of chitosan alleviates the adverse effects of cadmium stress in wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L.). Plant Physiol Biochem 2021; 164:115-121. [PMID: 33984623 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Excessive cadmium (Cd) causes toxic effects on crops. The effects of chitosan (CTS) with different molecular weight (MW) (5 kDa, 3 kDa, and 1 kDa) on the growth and biochemical parameters, as well as Cd concentrations in Cd-treated wheat plants were examined in a pot experiment. The results demonstrated that foliar spraying with CTS significantly improve the wheat growth, reduce malondialdehyde content and reactive oxygen species accumulation in leaves and decrease Cd concentrations in roots and shoots of wheat seedling under Cd stress. The alleviation of Cd toxicity by CTS is probably related with the activity of antioxidant enzymes, osmotic adjustment matter and root morphology. The application of CTS enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase in Cd-stressed wheat seedling leaves by 6.6%-13.1%, 17.2%-33.0%, and 19.6%-25.5%, respectively. Besides, exogenously applied CTS also increased the soluble protein and soluble sugar contents by 17.6%-33.8% and 30.1%-36.1% in the leaves of wheat under Cd stress. Furthermore, CTS with a molecular weight of 1 kDa was the most effective in mitigating Cd toxicity in wheat seedlings, which indicates that the activity of CTS is dependent on its molecular weight. It can be concluded that the use of foliar spraying, especially with 1 kDa CTS, could have potential in reducing the damage of Cd stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- School of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Lingyun Gai
- Big Data and Network Management Center, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, PR China
| | - Haiying Zong
- School of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
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Liu R, Lu J, Xing J, Du M, Wang M, Zhang L, Li Y, Zhang C, Wu Y. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses revealing the potential mechanism of seed germination in Polygonatum cyrtonema. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12161. [PMID: 34108536 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91598-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua (Huangjing, HJ) has medicinal and edible value in China. However, the seeds of this plant are naturally difficult to germinate. Therefore, to elucidate the mechanism underlying the germination of this plant in order to meet the market demand, the metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses were performed in this study. We observed that plant hormones and α-amylase activity were differentially regulated when comparing germinated and un-germinated seeds. In addition, the metabolites related to phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis were significantly up-accumulated in germinated seeds. Hydroxycinnamoyl derivatives and organic acids were observed to be significantly decreased during germination. The results of this study suggested that compared to un-germinated seeds, germinated seeds promote flavonoid synthesis and inhibit lignin synthesis which could be beneficial to the germination of HJ seeds. Furthermore, these results suggested that starch if hydrolyzed into glucose, which could provide the necessary energy for germination. Our results may help to establish a foundation for further research investigating the regulatory networks of seed germination and may facilitate the propagation of HJ seeds.
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Tian S, Luo T, Zhu Y, Wan JP. Recent advances in the diversification of chromones and flavones by direct C H bond activation or functionalization. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Abstract
Chitin and chitosan are natural polysaccharides with huge application potential in agriculture, such as promoting plant growth, eliciting plant resistance against biotic and abiotic stress, and activating symbiotic signaling between plants and beneficial microorganisms. Chitin and chitosan offer a sustainable alternative for future crop production. The bioactivities of chitin and chitosan closely depend on their structural factors, including molecular size, degree of acetylation, and pattern of acetylation. It is of great significance to identify the key fragments in chitin and chitosan chains that are responsible for these agricultural bioactivities. Herein, we review the recent progress in the structure-function relationship of chitin and chitosan in the field of agriculture application. The preparation of chitin and chitosan fragments and their action mode for plant protection and growth are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kecheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Ronge Xing
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Song Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Pengcheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
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14
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Jia X, Rajib MR, Yin H. Recognition Pattern, Functional Mechanism and Application of Chitin and Chitosan Oligosaccharides in Sustainable Agriculture. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:3508-3521. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200617165915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Application of chitin attracts much attention in the past decades as the second abundant
polysaccharides in the world after cellulose. Chitin oligosaccharides (CTOS) and its deacetylated derivative chitosan
oligosaccharides (COS) were shown great potentiality in agriculture by enhancing plant resistance to abiotic
or biotic stresses, promoting plant growth and yield, improving fruits quality and storage, etc. Those applications
have already served huge economic and social benefits for many years. However, the recognition mode and functional
mechanism of CTOS and COS on plants have gradually revealed just in recent years.
Objective:
Recognition pattern and functional mechanism of CTOS and COS in plant together with application
status of COS in agricultural production will be well described in this review. By which we wish to promote
further development and application of CTOS and COS–related products in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Jia
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Mijanur R. Rajib
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Heng Yin
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
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15
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Huang W, He Q, Zhou ZR, He HB, Jiang RW. Enzymatic Synthesis of Puerarin Glucosides Using Cyclodextrin Glucanotransferase with Enhanced Antiosteoporosis Activity. ACS Omega 2020; 5:12251-12258. [PMID: 32548408 PMCID: PMC7271355 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Puerarin (PU) is the most abundant isoflavone from the root of Pueraria lobata and exhibits a broad range of pharmacological activities. However, poor water solubility and low bioavailability limit its use. Enzymatic transglycosylation is emerging as a new strategy to improve the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties of natural products for drug development. In this study, three PU glucosides (PU-G, PU-2G, and PU-3G) were synthesized by using a cyclodextrin glucanotransferase from Bacillus licheniformis with PU as the acceptor and α-cyclodextrin as the sugar donor. The transglycosylation products were isolated and structurally identified by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance. The water solubilities of PU-G, PU-2G, and PU-3G were 15.6, 100.9, and 179.1 times higher than that of PU, respectively. Moreover, the antiosteoporosis activities of these glucosides were tested, and PU-G was found to show much more potent antiosteoporosis activity as compared to the original PU.
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16
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Zhao Q, Yin L, Zhang L, Jiang D, Liu L, Ji H. Chitoheptaose Promotes Heart Rehabilitation in a Rat Myocarditis Model by Improving Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antiapoptotic Properties. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2020; 2020:2394704. [PMID: 32351668 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2394704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Myocarditis is one of the important causes of dilated cardiomyopathy, cardiac morbidity, and mortality worldwide. Chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) may have anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective effects on myocarditis. However, the exact molecular mechanism for the effects of functional COS on myocarditis remains unclear. Methods Anti-inflammatory activities of COS (chitobiose, chitotriose, chitotetraose, chitopentaose, chitohexaose, chitoheptaose, and chitooctaose) were measured in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) stimulated RAW264.7 cells. A rat model with myocarditis was established and treated with chitopentaose, chitohexaose, chitoheptaose, and chitooctaose. Serum COS were measured by using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in all rats. Myocarditis injury, the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), inflammatory factors, and apoptotic factors were also measured. Pearson's correlation coefficient test was used to explore the relationship between the levels of ROS/RNS and cardiac parameters. Results Among all chitosan oligosaccharides, the COS > degrees of polymerization (DP) 4 showed anti-inflammatory activities (the activity order was chitopentaose<chitohexaose<chitoheptaose<chitooctaose) by reducing the levels of interleukin- (IL-) 1β, IL-17A, and interferon- (IFN-) γ and increasing the level of IL-10. However, the serum level of chitooctaose was low whereas it showed significant therapeutic effects on myocarditis by improving cardiac parameters (left ventricular internal dimension, both end-systolic and end-diastolic, ejection fraction, and fractional shortening), inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-10, IL-17A, and IFN-γ), oxidative factors (ROS and RNS), and apoptotic factors (caspase 3, BAX, and BCL-2) when compared with chitopentaose, chitohexaose, and chitooctaose (COS DP > 4). The levels of ROS/RNS had a strong relationship with cardiac parameters. Conclusions Chitoheptaose plays a myriad of cardioprotective roles in the myocarditis model via its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic activities.
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17
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Lim YJ, Jeong HY, Gil CS, Kwon SJ, Na JK, Lee C, Eom SH. Isoflavone accumulation and the metabolic gene expression in response to persistent UV-B irradiation in soybean sprouts. Food Chem 2020; 303:125376. [PMID: 31442900 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of persistent ultraviolet B (UV-B) irradiation on isoflavone accumulation in soybean sprouts. Three malonyl isoflavones were increased by UV-B. Malonylgenistin specifically accumulated upon UV-B exposure, whereas the other isoflavones were significantly increased under both dark conditions and UV-B exposure. The results of isoflavone accumulation to UV-B irradiation time were observed as following: acetyl glycitin rapidly increased and then gradually decreased; malonyl daidzin and malonyl genistin were highly accumulated within an intermediate period; genistein and daidzin were gradually maximized; daidzin, glycitin, genistein, and malonyl glycitin did not increase; and glycitin, acetyl daidzin, and acetyl genistin exhibited trace amounts. Transcriptional analysis of isoflavonoid biosynthetic genes demonstrated that most metabolic genes were highly activated in response to UV-B 24 and UV-B 36 treatments. In particular, it was found that GmCHS6, GmCHS7, and GmCHS8 genes among the eight known genes encoding chalcone synthase were specifically related to UV-B response.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Jin Lim
- Department of Horticultural Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Young Jeong
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Saem Gil
- Department of Horticultural Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Jae Kwon
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Kuk Na
- Department of Controlled Agriculture, College of Lifelong Learning, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanhui Lee
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seok Hyun Eom
- Department of Horticultural Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Jia Y, Ma Y, Cheng G, Zhang Y, Cai S. Comparative Study of Dietary Flavonoids with Different Structures as α-Glucosidase Inhibitors and Insulin Sensitizers. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:10521-10533. [PMID: 31461284 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b04943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This work was designed to comparatively investigate 27 dietary flavonoids that act as α-glucosidase inhibitors and insulin sensitizers. On the basis of the results of an in vitro experiment of α-glucosidase inhibition, myricetin (IC50 = 11.63 ± 0.36 μM) possessed the strongest inhibitory effect, followed by apigenin-7-O-glucoside (IC50 = 22.80 ± 0.24 μM) and fisetin (IC50 = 46.39 ± 0.34 μM). A three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship model of α-glucosidase inhibitors with good predictive capability [comparative molecular field analysis, q2 = 0.529, optimum number of components (ONC) = 10, R2 = 0.996, F = 250.843, standard error of estimation (SEE) = 0.064, and two descriptors; comparative similarity index analysis, q2 = 0.515, ONC = 10, R2 = 0.997, F = 348.301, SEE = 0.054, and four descriptors] was established and indicated that meta positions of ring B favored bulky and minor, electron-withdrawing, and hydrogen bond donor groups. The presence of electron-donating and hydrogen bond acceptor groups at position 4' of ring B could improve α-glucosidase activity. Position 3 of ring C favored minor, electron-donating, and hydrogen bond donor groups, whereas position 7 of ring A favored bulky and hydrogen bond acceptor groups. Molecular docking screened five flavonoids (baicalein, isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside, apigenin-7-O-glucoside, kaempferol-7-O-β-glucoside, and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside) that can act as insulin sensitizers and form strong combinations with four key protein targets involved in the insulin signaling pathway. Apigenin-7-O-glucoside (60 μM) can effectively improve insulin resistance, and glucose uptake increased by approximately 73.06% relative to the model group of insulin-resistant HepG2 cells. Therefore, apigenin-7-O-glucoside might serve as the most effective α-glucosidase inhibitor and insulin sensitizer. This work may guide diabetes patients to improve their condition through dietary therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijia Jia
- Yunnan Institute of Food Safety , Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming , Yunnan 650500 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yanli Ma
- College of Food Science and Technology , Hebei Agricultural University , Baoding , Hebei 071001 , People's Republic of China
| | - Guiguang Cheng
- Yunnan Institute of Food Safety , Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming , Yunnan 650500 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyue Zhang
- Yunnan Institute of Food Safety , Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming , Yunnan 650500 , People's Republic of China
| | - Shengbao Cai
- Yunnan Institute of Food Safety , Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming , Yunnan 650500 , People's Republic of China
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