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Arshi SA, Chauhan M, Sharma A. Disruption of the FMN-A524 interaction cascade and Glu513-induced collapse of the hydrophobic barrier promotes light-induced Jα-helix unfolding in AsLOV2. Biophys J 2023; 122:4670-4685. [PMID: 37978801 PMCID: PMC10754690 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The C-terminal Jα-helix of the Avena sativa's Light Oxygen and Voltage (AsLOV2) protein, unfolds on exposure to blue light. This characteristic seeks relevance in applications related to engineering novel biological photoswitches. Using molecular dynamics simulations and the Markov state modeling (MSM) approach we provide the mechanism that explains the stepwise unfolding of the Jα-helix. The unfolding was resolved into seven steps represented by the structurally distinguishable states distributed over the initiation and the post initiation phases. Whereas, the initiation phase occurs due to the collapse of the interaction cascade FMN-Q513-N492-L480-W491-Q479-V520-A524, the onset of the post initiation phase is marked by breaking of the hydrophobic interactions between the Jα-helix and the Iβ-strand. This study indicates that the displacement of N492 out of the FMN binding pocket, not necessarily requiring Q513, is essential for the initiation of the Jα-helix unfolding. Rather, the structural reorientation of Q513 activates the protein to cross the hydrophobic barrier and enter the post initiation phase. Similarly, the structural deviations in N482, rather than its integral role in unfolding, could enhance the unfolding rates. Furthermore, the MSM studies on the wild-type and the Q513 mutant, provide the spatiotemporal roadmap that lay out the possible pathways of structural transition between the dark and the light states of the protein. Overall, the study provides insights useful to enhance the performance of AsLOV2-based photoswitches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda Amna Arshi
- Multidisciplinary Centre for Advance Research and Studies, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Manisha Chauhan
- Multidisciplinary Centre for Advance Research and Studies, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Amit Sharma
- Multidisciplinary Centre for Advance Research and Studies, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.
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2
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Bracker M, Kubitz MK, Czekelius C, Marian CM, Kleinschmidt M. Computer‐Aided Design of Fluorinated Flavin Derivatives by Modulation of Intersystem Crossing and Fluorescence. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202200040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Bracker
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf D-40204 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Mira K. Kubitz
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf D-40204 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Constantin Czekelius
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf D-40204 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Christel M. Marian
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf D-40204 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Martin Kleinschmidt
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf D-40204 Düsseldorf Germany
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4
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Jacoby Morris K, Barnard DT, Narayanan M, Byrne MC, McBride RA, Singh VR, Stanley RJ. Comparing ultrafast excited state quenching of flavin 1,N 6-ethenoadenine dinucleotide and flavin adenine dinucleotide by optical spectroscopy and DFT calculations. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2022. [PMID: 35218554 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-022-00187-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Flavins are photoenzymatic cofactors often exploiting the absorption of light to energize photoinduced redox chemistry in a variety of contexts. Both flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and flavin mononucleotide (FMN) are used for this function. The study of these photoenzymes has been facilitated using flavin analogs. Most of these analogs involve modification of the flavin ring, and there is recent evidence that adenine (Ade)-modified FAD can affect enzyme turnover, but so far this has only been shown for enzymes where the adenine and flavin rings are close to each other in a stacked conformation. FAD is also stacked in aqueous solution, and its photodynamics are quite different from unstacked FAD or FMN. Oxidized photoexcited FAD decays rapidly, presumably through PET with Ade as donor and Fl* as acceptor. Definitive identification of the spectral signatures of Ade∙+ and Fl∙- radicals is elusive. Here we use the FAD analog Flavin 1,N6-Ethenoadenine Dinucleotide (εFAD) to study how different photochemical outcomes depend on the identity of the Ade moiety in stacked FAD and its analog εFAD. We have used UV-Vis transient absorption spectroscopy complemented by TD-DFT calculations to investigate the excited state evolution of the flavins. In FAD*, no radicals were observed, suggesting that FAD* does not undergo PET. εFAD* kinetics showed a broad absorption band that suggests a charge transfer state exists upon photoexcitation with evidence for radical pair formation. Surprisingly, significant triplet flavin was produced from εFAD* We hypothesize that the dipolar (ε)Ade moieties differentially modulate the singlet-triplet energy gap, resulting in different intersystem crossing rates. The additional electron density on the etheno group of εFAD supplies better orbital overlap with the flavin S1 state, accelerating charge transfer in that molecule.
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5
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Abstract
Nature harnesses the unique properties of cysteinyl radical intermediates for a diverse range of essential biological transformations including DNA biosynthesis and repair, metabolism, and biological photochemistry. In parallel, the synthetic accessibility and redox chemistry of cysteinyl radicals renders them versatile reactive intermediates for use in a vast array of synthetic applications such as lipidation, glycosylation and fluorescent labelling of proteins, peptide macrocyclization and stapling, desulfurisation of peptides and proteins, and development of novel therapeutics. This review provides the reader with an overview of the role of cysteinyl radical intermediates in both chemical synthesis and biological systems, with a critical focus on mechanistic details. Direct insights from biological systems, where applied to chemical synthesis, are highlighted and potential avenues from nature which are yet to be explored synthetically are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua T McLean
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse St., Dublin, D02 R590, Ireland.
| | - Alby Benny
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse St., Dublin, D02 R590, Ireland.
| | - Mark D Nolan
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse St., Dublin, D02 R590, Ireland.
| | - Glenna Swinand
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse St., Dublin, D02 R590, Ireland.
| | - Eoin M Scanlan
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse St., Dublin, D02 R590, Ireland.
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6
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Maia RNA, Ehrenberg D, Oldemeyer S, Knieps-Grünhagen E, Krauss U, Heberle J. Real-Time Tracking of Proton Transfer from the Reactive Cysteine to the Flavin Chromophore of a Photosensing Light Oxygen Voltage Protein. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:12535-12542. [PMID: 34347468 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c03409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
LOV (light oxygen voltage) proteins are photosensors ubiquitous to all domains of life. A variant of the short LOV protein from Dinoroseobacter shibae (DsLOV) exhibits an exceptionally fast photocycle. We performed time-resolved molecular spectroscopy on DsLOV-M49S and characterized the formation of the thio-adduct state with a covalent bond between the reactive cysteine (C72) and C4a of the FMN. By use of a tunable quantum cascade laser, the weak absorption change of the vibrational band of S-H stretching vibration of C57 was resolved with a time resolution of 10 ns. Deprotonation of C72 proceeded with a time constant of 12 μs which tallies the rise of the thio-adduct state. These results provide valuable information for the mechanistic interpretation of light-induced structural changes in LOV domains, which involves the choreographed sequence of proton transfers, changes in electron density distributions, spin alterations of the latter, and transient bond formation and breakage. Such molecular insight will help develop new optogenetic tools based on flavin photoreceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raiza N A Maia
- Experimental Molecular Biophysics, Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - David Ehrenberg
- Experimental Molecular Biophysics, Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabine Oldemeyer
- Experimental Molecular Biophysics, Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Esther Knieps-Grünhagen
- Institut für Molekulare Enzymtechnologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52426 Jülich, Germany
| | - Ulrich Krauss
- Institut für Molekulare Enzymtechnologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52426 Jülich, Germany.,Institute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-1): Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52426 Jülich, Germany
| | - Joachim Heberle
- Experimental Molecular Biophysics, Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Andrikopoulos PC, Chaudhari AS, Liu Y, Konold PE, Kennis JTM, Schneider B, Fuertes G. QM calculations predict the energetics and infrared spectra of transient glutamine isomers in LOV photoreceptors. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:13934-13950. [PMID: 34142688 PMCID: PMC8246142 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00447f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photosensory receptors containing the flavin-binding light-oxygen-voltage (LOV) domain are modular proteins that fulfil a variety of biological functions ranging from gene expression to phototropism. The LOV photocycle is initiated by blue-light and involves a cascade of intermediate species, including an electronically excited triplet state, that leads to covalent bond formation between the flavin mononucleotide (FMN) chromophore and a nearby cysteine residue. Subsequent conformational changes in the polypeptide chain arise due to the remodelling of the hydrogen bond network in the cofactor binding pocket, whereby a conserved glutamine residue plays a key role in coupling FMN photochemistry with LOV photobiology. Although the dark-to-light transition of LOV photosensors has been previously addressed by spectroscopy and computational approaches, the mechanistic basis of the underlying reactions is still not well understood. Here we present a detailed computational study of three distinct LOV domains: EL222 from Erythrobacter litoralis, AsLOV2 from the second LOV domain of Avena sativa phototropin 1, and RsLOV from Rhodobacter sphaeroides LOV protein. Extended protein-chromophore models containing all known crucial residues involved in the initial steps (femtosecond-to-microsecond) of the photocycle were employed. Energies and rotational barriers were calculated for possible rotamers and tautomers of the critical glutamine side chain, which allowed us to postulate the most energetically favoured glutamine orientation for each LOV domain along the assumed reaction path. In turn, for each evolving species, infrared difference spectra were constructed and compared to experimental EL222 and AsLOV2 transient infrared spectra, the former from original work presented here and the latter from the literature. The good agreement between theory and experiment permitted the assignment of the majority of observed bands, notably the ∼1635 cm-1 transient of the adduct state to the carbonyl of the glutamine side chain after rotation. Moreover, both the energetic and spectroscopic approaches converge in suggesting a facile glutamine flip at the adduct intermediate for EL222 and more so for AsLOV2, while for RsLOV the glutamine keeps its initial configuration. Additionally, the computed infrared shifts of the glutamine and interacting residues could guide experimental research addressing early events of signal transduction in LOV proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prokopis C Andrikopoulos
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Průmyslová 595, CZ-252 50 Vestec, Czechia.
| | - Aditya S Chaudhari
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Průmyslová 595, CZ-252 50 Vestec, Czechia.
| | - Yingliang Liu
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Průmyslová 595, CZ-252 50 Vestec, Czechia.
| | - Patrick E Konold
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 De Boelelaan, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John T M Kennis
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 De Boelelaan, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bohdan Schneider
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Průmyslová 595, CZ-252 50 Vestec, Czechia.
| | - Gustavo Fuertes
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Průmyslová 595, CZ-252 50 Vestec, Czechia.
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8
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Yee EF, Oldemeyer S, Böhm E, Ganguly A, York DM, Kottke T, Crane BR. Peripheral Methionine Residues Impact Flavin Photoreduction and Protonation in an Engineered LOV Domain Light Sensor. Biochemistry 2021; 60:1148-1164. [PMID: 33787242 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.1c00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Proton-coupled electron transfer reactions play critical roles in many aspects of sensory phototransduction. In the case of flavoprotein light sensors, reductive quenching of flavin excited states initiates chemical and conformational changes that ultimately transmit light signals to downstream targets. These reactions generally require neighboring aromatic residues and proton-donating side chains for rapid and coordinated electron and proton transfer to flavin. Although photoreduction of flavoproteins can produce either the anionic (ASQ) or neutral semiquinone (NSQ), the factors that favor one over the other are not well understood. Here we employ a biologically active variant of the light-oxygen-voltage (LOV) domain protein VVD devoid of the adduct-forming Cys residue (VVD-III) to probe the mechanism of flavin photoreduction and protonation. A series of isosteric and conservative residue replacements studied by rate measurements, fluorescence quantum yields, FTIR difference spectroscopy, and molecular dynamics simulations indicate that tyrosine residues facilitate charge recombination reactions that limit sustained flavin reduction, whereas methionine residues facilitate radical propagation and quenching and also gate solvent access for flavin protonation. Replacement of a single surface Met residue with Leu favors formation of the ASQ over the NSQ and desensitizes photoreduction to oxidants. In contrast, increasing site hydrophilicity by Gln substitution promotes rapid NSQ formation and weakens the influence of the redox environment. Overall, the photoreactivity of VVD-III can be understood in terms of redundant electron donors, internal hole quenching, and coupled proton transfer reactions that all depend upon protein conformation, dynamics, and solvent penetration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estella F Yee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Sabine Oldemeyer
- Physical and Biophysical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Elena Böhm
- Physical and Biophysical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Abir Ganguly
- Laboratory for Biomolecular Simulation Research, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-8076, United States.,Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-8076, United States
| | - Darrin M York
- Laboratory for Biomolecular Simulation Research, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-8076, United States.,Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-8076, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Tilman Kottke
- Physical and Biophysical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Brian R Crane
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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9
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Iuliano JN, Collado JT, Gil AA, Ravindran PT, Lukacs A, Shin S, Woroniecka HA, Adamczyk K, Aramini JM, Edupuganti UR, Hall CR, Greetham GM, Sazanovich IV, Clark IP, Daryaee T, Toettcher JE, French JB, Gardner KH, Simmerling CL, Meech SR, Tonge PJ. Unraveling the Mechanism of a LOV Domain Optogenetic Sensor: A Glutamine Lever Induces Unfolding of the Jα Helix. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:2752-2765. [PMID: 32880430 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Light-activated protein domains provide a convenient, modular, and genetically encodable sensor for optogenetics and optobiology. Although these domains have now been deployed in numerous systems, the precise mechanism of photoactivation and the accompanying structural dynamics that modulate output domain activity remain to be fully elucidated. In the C-terminal light-oxygen-voltage (LOV) domain of plant phototropins (LOV2), blue light activation leads to formation of an adduct between a conserved Cys residue and the embedded FMN chromophore, rotation of a conserved Gln (Q513), and unfolding of a helix (Jα-helix) which is coupled to the output domain. In the present work, we focus on the allosteric pathways leading to Jα helix unfolding in Avena sativa LOV2 (AsLOV2) using an interdisciplinary approach involving molecular dynamics simulations extending to 7 μs, time-resolved infrared spectroscopy, solution NMR spectroscopy, and in-cell optogenetic experiments. In the dark state, the side chain of N414 is hydrogen bonded to the backbone N-H of Q513. The simulations predict a lever-like motion of Q513 after Cys adduct formation resulting in a loss of the interaction between the side chain of N414 and the backbone C═O of Q513, and formation of a transient hydrogen bond between the Q513 and N414 side chains. The central role of N414 in signal transduction was evaluated by site-directed mutagenesis supporting a direct link between Jα helix unfolding dynamics and the cellular function of the Zdk2-AsLOV2 optogenetic construct. Through this multifaceted approach, we show that Q513 and N414 are critical mediators of protein structural dynamics, linking the ultrafast (sub-ps) excitation of the FMN chromophore to the microsecond conformational changes that result in photoreceptor activation and biological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- James N. Iuliano
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, New York, 11794, United States
| | | | - Agnieszka A. Gil
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Pavithran T. Ravindran
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Andras Lukacs
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pecs, Szigeti út 12, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - SeungYoun Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, New York, 11794, United States
| | | | - Katrin Adamczyk
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - James M. Aramini
- Structural Biology Initiative, CUNY Advanced Science Research Center, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Uthama R. Edupuganti
- Structural Biology Initiative, CUNY Advanced Science Research Center, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, New York 10031, United States
- Ph.D. Program in Biochemistry, CUNY Graduate Center, New York, New York, United States
| | - Christopher R. Hall
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Gregory M. Greetham
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Igor V. Sazanovich
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Ian P. Clark
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Taraneh Daryaee
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, New York, 11794, United States
| | - Jared E. Toettcher
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Jarrod B. French
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, New York, 11794, United States
- Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota 55912, United States
| | - Kevin H. Gardner
- Structural Biology Initiative, CUNY Advanced Science Research Center, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, New York 10031, United States
- Ph.D. Programs in Biochemistry, Biology, and Chemistry, CUNY Graduate Center, New York, New York, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, City College of New York, New York, New York, United States
| | | | - Stephen R. Meech
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J. Tonge
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, New York, 11794, United States
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10
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Kabir MP, Orozco-Gonzalez Y, Gozem S. Electronic spectra of flavin in different redox and protonation states: a computational perspective on the effect of the electrostatic environment. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:16526-16537. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02230a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This study discusses how UV/vis absorption spectra of flavin in different redox and protonation states are shifted by the nearby electrostatic microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Samer Gozem
- Department of Chemistry
- Georgia State University
- Atlanta
- USA
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- Christel M. Marian
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf Düsseldorf
| | - Adrian Heil
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf Düsseldorf
| | - Martin Kleinschmidt
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf Düsseldorf
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12
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Ai Y, Zhao C, Xing J, Liu Y, Wang Z, Jin J, Xia S, Cui G, Wang X. Excited-State Decay Pathways of Flavin Molecules in Five Redox Forms: The Role of Conical Intersections. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:7954-7961. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b07582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuejie Ai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Chaofeng Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Jinlu Xing
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Zhangxia Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Jiaren Jin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Shuhua Xia
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
| | - Ganglong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Xiangke Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
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