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Bhusal A, Yogi TN, Budthapa J, Katwal S, Mahat A. Anencephaly in a triplet pregnancy: Unprecedented spontaneous reabsorption in-utero and subsequent normal delivery via c-section: A rare case report. Radiol Case Rep 2024; 19:2826-2831. [PMID: 38689815 PMCID: PMC11059298 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2024.03.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple pregnancies are infrequently encountered, with the incidence of spontaneous triplet pregnancies estimated at approximately 1 in 7000 pregnancies. Triplet gestations are recognized for their propensity to bring about a spectrum of pregnancy related complexities, encompassing fetal structural abnormalities, neurological anomalies, disturbances in amniotic fluid levels, preterm labor, and suboptimal neonatal outcomes. Anencephaly is a serious congenital defect where the brain and skull do not fully develop, often leading to a poor prognosis. It's a preventable neural tube defect (NTD) with timely intake of folic acid, is caused by the incomplete closure of the neural tube during fetal development, resulting in the absence of the cerebrum (responsible for thinking and coordination) and the front part of the brain (forebrain) in affected infants. While anencephaly in a triplet is scarcely reported, spontaneous reabsorption of an anencephalic fetus in utero is a rare and unexpected event, with no documented cases in triplet pregnancies until now. We report a case of anencephaly in a triplet pregnancy where the mother presented late during her third trimester, the reabsorption of the anencephalic fetus in utero is an unprecedented event, highlighting the unique nature of this triplet pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrit Bhusal
- Department of Radio-diagnostics and Imaging; BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences (BPKIHS), Dharan, Sunsari, Nepal
| | - Tek Nath Yogi
- BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences (BPKIHS), Dharan, Sunsari, Nepal
| | - Jwala Budthapa
- Department of Radio-diagnostics and Imaging; BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences (BPKIHS), Dharan, Sunsari, Nepal
| | | | - Asim Mahat
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging; Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Johari M, Karimi A, Mojarad M, Heydari M. Comparative analysis of risk factors for retinopathy of prematurity in single and multiple birth neonates. Int J Retina Vitreous 2024; 10:21. [PMID: 38414089 PMCID: PMC10900704 DOI: 10.1186/s40942-024-00536-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM To conduct a comparative analysis of risk factors for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in single- and multiple-born neonates. METHODS In a retrospective evaluation of 521 premature neonates, encompassing singletons, twins, and triplets born at or before 34 weeks of gestational age with a birthweight of less than 2000 g and who completed the ROP screening program, between 2020 and 2023, in outpatient referral ROP screening clinic affiliated by Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, were included. Neonates with the eligibility criteria were enrolled in the screening program from 28 days old age and followed up to discharge or treatment based on national ROP screening guideline. Data on ROP severity, outcome, treatment modality, and risk factors, including gestational age (GA), birth weight (BW), sex, duration of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission, oxygen supplementation, mechanical ventilation, blood transfusion, method of delivery, and maternal and neonatal comorbidities, were extracted and compared between premature neonates from singleton and multiple births. RESULTS The analysis of the ROP severity distribution revealed 238 neonates (45.7%) with low-risk (type 2 prethreshold ROP or less severe) ROP and 16 (3.1%) with high-risk (type I prethreshold ROP or more severe) ROP who underwent treatment. According to the comparative analysis of risk factors in neonates with ROP requiring treatment, multiple birth neonates exhibited significantly greater GA (27.50 ± 3.27 vs. 30.00 ± 2.00 vs. 31.14 ± 0.38 weeks, p = 0.032 for singletons, twins and triplets, respectively); greater BW (861.67 ± 274.62 vs. 1233.33 ± 347.75 vs. 1537.14 ± 208.86 g, p = 0.002); and shorter duration of NICU admission (60.17 ± 21.36 vs. 34.00 ± 12.17 vs. 12.00 ± 6.32 days, p = 0.001) and oxygen supplementation (47.33 ± 16.57 vs. 36.00 ± 8.49 vs. 4.60 ± 2.41 days, p = 0.001). There was no significant difference between single-born neonates and multiple-born neonates regarding the prevalence of other risk factors. Multiple-born neonates with no ROP and low risk ROP showed significantly lower GA and BW compared to singletons (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Multiple gestation neonates may develop high-risk ROP requiring treatment at a greater gestational age and birth weight and at a lower duration of oxygen supplementation and NICU admission compared to the single birth neonates. This pattern prompts a reevaluation of screening criteria, suggesting a potential need to consider multiple birth neonates with lower traditional risk factors in screening programs. This pattern should be further evaluated in larger populations of multiple born premature neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadkarim Johari
- Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Afshin Karimi
- Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Mojarad
- Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Heydari
- Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Schiller GJ, Lipe BC, Bahlis NJ, Tuchman SA, Bensinger WI, Sutherland HJ, Lentzsch S, Baljevic M, White D, Kotb R, Chen CI, Rossi A, Biran N, LeBlanc R, Grosicki S, Martelli M, Gunsilius E, Špička I, Stevens DA, Facon T, Mesa MG, Zhang C, Van Domelen DR, Bentur OS, Gasparetto C. Selinexor-Based Triplet Regimens in Patients With Multiple Myeloma Previously Treated With Anti-CD38 Monoclonal Antibodies. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk 2023; 23:e286-e296.e4. [PMID: 37393120 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2023.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increasing use of anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies (αCD38 mAbs) for newly diagnosed or early relapsed multiple myeloma (MM), especially in non-transplant eligible patients, may lead to more patients developing αCD38 mAb-refractory disease earlier in the treatment course with fewer treatment options. PATIENTS AND METHODS We analyzed the efficacy and safety of selinexor-based triplets (selinexor+dexamethasone [Sd] plus pomalidomide [SPd, n = 23], bortezomib [SVd, n = 16] or carfilzomib (SKd, n = 23]) in a subset of STOMP (NCT02343042) and BOSTON (NCT03110562) study patients treated previously with αCD38 mAbs. RESULTS Sixty-two patients (median 4 prior therapies, range 1 to 11, 90.3% refractory to αCD38 mAb) were included. Overall response rates (ORR) in the SPd, SVd and SKd cohorts were 52.2%, 56.3%, and 65.2%, respectively. Overall response rate was 47.4% among patients who had MM refractory to the third drug reintroduced in the Sd-based triplet. Median progression-free survival in the SPd, SVd, and SKd cohorts was 8.7, 6.7, and 15.0 months, respectively, and median overall survival was 9.6, 16.9, and 33.0 months, respectively. Median time to discontinuation in the SPd, SVd, and SKd cohorts was 4.4, 5.9, and 10.6 months, respectively. The most common hematological adverse events were thrombocytopenia, anemia, and neutropenia. Nausea, fatigue, and diarrhea were primarily grade 1/2. Adverse events were generally manageable with standard supportive care and dose modifications. CONCLUSION Selinexor-based regimens may offer effective and well-tolerated therapy to patients with relapsed and/or refractory MM who had disease previously exposed or refractory to αCD38 mAb therapy and could help address the unmet clinical need in these high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary J Schiller
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.
| | | | - Nizar J Bahlis
- Charbonneau Cancer Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada; Clinical Research Unit, Tom Baker Cancer Center, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Suzanne Lentzsch
- Multiple Myeloma and Amyloidosis Service, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | | | - Darrell White
- Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Rami Kotb
- CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | | | - Noa Biran
- Hackensack Meridian Health, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ
| | - Richard LeBlanc
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, University of Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sebastian Grosicki
- Department of Hematology and Cancer Prevention, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Maurizio Martelli
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology and Hematology, Hematology Center, Umberto I Polyclinic of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Eberhard Gunsilius
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ivan Špička
- First Department of Medicine - Department of Hematology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Thierry Facon
- Department of Hematology (Maladies du sang), Hôpital Huriez, CHU, Lille, France
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Byun JM, Park SS, Yoon SS, Ahn A, Kim M, Lee JY, Jeon YW, Shin SH, Yahng SA, Koh Y, Min CK. Advantage of achieving deep response following frontline daratumumab-VTd compared to VRd in transplant-eligible multiple myeloma: multicenter study. Blood Res 2023:br.2023.2023005. [PMID: 37026379 DOI: 10.5045/br.2023.2023005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The goal of induction therapy for multiple myeloma (MM) is to achieve adequate disease control. Current guidelines favor triplet (bortezomib-lenalidomide-dexamethasone; VRd) or quadruplet regimens (daratumumab, bortezomib-thalidomide-dexamethasone; D-VTd). In the absence of a direct comparison between two treatment regimens, we conducted this study to compare the outcomes and safety of VRd and D-VTd. Methods Newly diagnosed MM patients aged >18 years who underwent induction therapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) between November 2020 and December 2021 were identified. Finally, patients with VRd (N=37) and those with D-VTd (N=43) were enrolled. Results After induction, 10.8% of the VRd group showed stringent complete remission (sCR), 21.6% showed complete response (CR), 35.1% showed very good partial response (VGPR), and 32.4% showed partial response (PR). Of the D-VTd group, 9.3% showed sCR, 34.9% CR, 48.8% VGPR, and 4.2% PR (VGPR or better: 67.6% in VRd vs. 93% in D-VTd, P=0.004). After ASCT, 68.6% of the VRd group showed CR or sCR, while 90.5% of the D-VTd group showed CR or sCR (P=0.016). VRd was associated with an increased incidence of skin rash (P=0.044). Other than rashes, there were no significant differences in terms of adverse events between the two groups. Conclusion Our study supports the use of a front-line quadruplet induction regimen containing a CD38 monoclonal antibody for transplant-eligible patients with newly diagnosed MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ja Min Byun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Soo Park
- Department of Hematology, Seoul St. Mary's Hematology Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Soo Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ari Ahn
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Department of Hematology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myungshin Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Department of Hematology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Yeon Lee
- Department of Hematology, Seoul St. Mary's Hematology Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Woo Jeon
- Yeoido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Shin
- Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Ah Yahng
- Department of Hematology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, Korea
| | - Youngil Koh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang-Ki Min
- Department of Hematology, Seoul St. Mary's Hematology Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Tsukada N, Oda Y, Nomura M, Kasuya Y, Takei T, Sato K, Ogura M, Kikuchi T, Abe Y, Suzuki K, Ishida T. [A retrospective analysis of 124 patients with multiple myeloma who received up-front autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation following triplet induction therapy]. Rinsho Ketsueki 2023; 64:1397-1403. [PMID: 38072424 DOI: 10.11406/rinketsu.64.1397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
The IFM/DFCI group reported that VRD induction followed by up-front autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (ASCT) and maintenance therapy led to median PFS of 50 months, which established up-front ASCT as the standard of care even in the era of novel agents. We conducted a retrospective analysis on outcomes of patients who received triplet induction therapy followed by up-front ASCT at our institution. A total of 124 patients received ASCT between November 2016 and December 2021 at Japanese Red Cross Medical Center. Patient characteristics, treatment response before and after ASCT, and PFS and OS were retrospectively analyzed. VRD-based induction therapy was used for 94%. Among 118 evaluable patients, 116 (98%) received either consolidation and/or maintenance therapy. Best responses were ≥CR 77% and ≥VGPR 94%, respectively. Sixty-eight out of 104 patients achieved MRD-negativity by multiparameter FCM (<10-5). Five-year estimated PFS and OS were 54.7% and 80.2%, respectively. Age ≥65, high-risk cytogenetic abnormalities, and
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuki Oda
- Department of Hematology, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center
| | - Moe Nomura
- Department of Hematology, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center
| | - Yuki Kasuya
- Department of Hematology, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center
| | - Tomomi Takei
- Department of Hematology, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center
| | - Kota Sato
- Department of Hematology, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center
| | - Mizuki Ogura
- Department of Hematology, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center
| | - Taku Kikuchi
- Department of Hematology, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center
| | - Yu Abe
- Department of Hematology, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center
| | - Kenshi Suzuki
- Department of Hematology, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center
| | - Tadao Ishida
- Department of Hematology, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center
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6
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Mustafa HJ, Javinani A, Krispin E, Tadbiri H, Espinoza J, Shamshirsaz AA, Nassr AA, Donepudi R, Belfort MA, Cortes MS, Harman C, Turan OM. Fetoscopic laser surgery for twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome in DCTA triplets compared to MCDA twins: collaborative study and literature review. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2022; 35:10348-10354. [PMID: 36529927 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2022.2128649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the outcomes of dichorionic triamniotic (DCTA) triplets with that of monochorionic diamniotic (MCDA) twin gestations undergoing fetoscopic laser surgery (FLS) for treatment of twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS). METHODS Retrospective cohort study of prospectively collected data of consecutive DCTA triplet and MCDA twin pregnancies with TTTS that underwent FLS at two fetal treatment centers between 2012 and 2020. Preoperative, operative and, postoperative variables were collected. Perinatal outcomes were investigated. Primary outcome was survival to birth and to neonatal period. Secondary outcomes were gestational age (GA) at birth and procedure-to-delivery interval. Literature review was conducted in which PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched from inception to September, 2020. RESULTS Twenty four sets of DCTA triplets were compared to MCDA twins during the study period. There were no significant differences in survival (no survivor, single, or double survivors) to birth and to the neonatal period of the MC twin pairs of the DCTA triplets vs MCDA twins. Median GA at delivery was approximately three weeks earlier in DCTA triplets compared to MCDA twins (28.4 weeks vs 31.4 weeks, p = .035, respectively). Rates of preterm birth (PTB) less than 32 and less than 28 weeks were significantly higher in DCTA triplets compared to twins (<32 weeks: 70.8% vs 51.1%, p = .037, respectively, and <28 weeks: 37.5% vs 20.8%, p = .033, respectively). CONCLUSION Perinatal survival including fetal and neonatal are comparable between DCTA triplets and MCDA twins. However, this might have resulted from the small sample size of the DCTA triplets. GA at delivery is earlier in triplets, which could be due to the nature of triplet gestation rather than to the laser procedure itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiba J Mustafa
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ali Javinani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Fetal Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Eyal Krispin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Fetal Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hooman Tadbiri
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jimmy Espinoza
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Fetal Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Alireza A Shamshirsaz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Fetal Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ahmed A Nassr
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Fetal Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Roopali Donepudi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Fetal Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Michael A Belfort
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Fetal Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Magdalena Sanz Cortes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Fetal Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Christopher Harman
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ozhan M Turan
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Shimozaki K, Hirata K, Sato T, Nakamura M, Kato K, Hirano H, Kumekawa Y, Hino K, Kawakami K, Kito Y, Matsumoto T, Kawakami T, Komoda M, Nagashima K, Sato Y, Yamazaki K, Hironaka S, Takaishi H, Hamamoto Y, Muro K. WJOG13219G: The Efficacy and Safety of FOLFOXIRI or Doublet plus Anti-VEGF Therapy in Previously Untreated BRAF V600E Mutant Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Multi-Institutional Registry-Based Study (BRACELET Study). Clin Colorectal Cancer 2022; 21:339-346. [PMID: 36117091 DOI: 10.1016/j.clcc.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The real-world survival benefit of FOLFOXIRI (fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan) plus anti-VEGF therapy (Triplet) over doublet chemotherapy (Doublet) remains controversial in patients with BRAFV600E mutant metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). PATIENTS AND METHODS WJOG13219G was a multicenter, retrospective, registry-based study of patients with BRAFV600E mutant mCRC who received first-line triplet or doublet chemotherapy from January 2014 to December 2019 in Japan. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was used to adjust for patient background. RESULTS The analysis included 79 and 91 patients in the Triplet and Doublet groups, respectively. The Triplet group was significantly younger and had better performance status. No statistical difference was noted in progression-free survival (PFS; HR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.60-1.13; P = .22) and overall survival (OS; HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.62-1.25; P = .48) between both groups. IPTW analysis also showed no difference between the 2 groups in PFS (HR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.69-1.08; P = .20) and OS (HR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.73-1.20; P = .59). The Triplet and Doublet groups had an objective response rate of 53% and 41%, respectively (P = .10). At least one grade 3 or 4 adverse event was seen in 51 (65%) and 43 (47%) patients in the Triplet and Doublet groups, respectively, with the incidence of neutropenia being significantly higher in the former. CONCLUSION Triplet therapy had no survival benefit versus doublet therapy in the overall and IPTW cohorts or specific subgroups for real-world patients with BRAFV600E mutant mCRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keitaro Shimozaki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenro Hirata
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Taro Sato
- Gastroenterology Center, The Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maho Nakamura
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kyoko Kato
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Hirano
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kumekawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kaori Hino
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, National Hospital Organization Shikoku Cancer Center, Ehime, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kawakami
- Department of Medical Oncology, Keiyukai Sapporo Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kito
- Ishikawa Prefectural Central Hospital Department of Medical Oncology, Ishikawa, Japan
| | | | - Takeshi Kawakami
- Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Masato Komoda
- National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Department of Gastrointestinal and Medical Oncology, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kengo Nagashima
- Biostatistics Unit, Clinical and Translational Research Center, Keio University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasunori Sato
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Yamazaki
- Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Shuichi Hironaka
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gastroenterological Oncology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Takaishi
- Center for Preventive Medicine, Keio University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Hamamoto
- Keio Cancer Center, Keio University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Muro
- Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan
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Hassan AU, Mohyuddin A, Nadeem S, Güleryüz C, Hassan SU, Javed M, Muhsan MS. Structural and Electronic (Absorption and Fluorescence) Properties of a Stable Triplet Diphenylcarbene: A DFT Study. J Fluoresc 2022; 32:1629-38. [PMID: 35596854 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-022-02969-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A triplet diphenylcarbene, bis[3-bromo-5-(trifluoromethyl)[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl]methylidene (B3B), with exceptional stability was discovered by chemists from Japan's Mie University. To investigate its different quantum chemical features, a theoretical analysis was predicated on Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Time Dependent-DFT (TD-DFT) based technique. According to the findings, the singlet-triplet energy gap (ES-T), as well as HOMO-LUMO energy bandgap (EH-L), was found to be diminished when nucleophilicity (N) rose. We looked at the geometrical dimensions, molecular orbitals (MOs), electronic spectra, electrostatic potential, molecular surfaces, reactivity characteristics, and thermodynamics features of the title carbene (B3B). Its electronic spectra in different solvents were calculated using TD-DFT and Polarizable Continuum Model (PCM) framework. The estimated absorption maxima of B3B were seen between 327 and 340 nm, relying on the solvents, and were attributed to the S0 → S1 transition. Estimated fluorescence spectral peaks were found around 389 and 407 nm with the S1 and S0 transitions being identified. Its fluorescence/absorption intensities revealed a blue shift change when the solvent polarity was increased. The least exciting state has been discovered to be the π → π* charge-transfer (CT) phase. According to the Natural Bonding Orbital (NBO) exploration, ICT offers a significant role in chemical system destabilization. Furthermore, several hybrid features were used to determine the NLO (nonlinear optical) features (polarizability, first-order hyperpolarizability, and dipole moment). The calculated values suggest that B3B is a promising candidate for further research into nonlinear optical properties.
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Wu Z, Roldao JC, Rauch F, Friedrich A, Ferger M, Würthner F, Gierschner J, Marder TB. Pure Boric Acid Does Not Show Room-Temperature Phosphorescence (RTP). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200599. [PMID: 35104020 PMCID: PMC9305524 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Boric acid (BA) has been used as a transparent glass matrix for optical materials for over 100 years. However, recently, apparent room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) from BA (crystalline and powder states) was reported (Zheng et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2021, 60, 9500) when irradiated at 280 nm under ambient conditions. We suspected that RTP from their BA sample was induced by an unidentified impurity. Our experimental results show that pure BA synthesized from B(OMe)3 does not luminesce in the solid state when irradiated at 250–400 nm, while commercial BA indeed (faintly) luminesces. Our theoretical calculations show that neither individual BA molecules nor aggregates would absorb light at >175 nm, and we observe no absorption of solid pure BA experimentally at >200 nm. Therefore, it is not possible for pure BA to be excited at >250 nm even in the solid state. Thus, pure BA does not display RTP, whereas trace impurities can induce RTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Wu
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Juan Carlos Roldao
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies, IMDEA Nanoscience, Calle Faraday 9, Campus Cantoblano, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Florian Rauch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Friedrich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Ferger
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Gierschner
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies, IMDEA Nanoscience, Calle Faraday 9, Campus Cantoblano, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Todd B Marder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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Jacoby Morris K, Barnard DT, Narayanan M, Byrne MC, McBride RA, Singh VR, Stanley RJ. Comparing ultrafast excited state quenching of flavin 1,N 6-ethenoadenine dinucleotide and flavin adenine dinucleotide by optical spectroscopy and DFT calculations. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2022. [PMID: 35218554 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-022-00187-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Flavins are photoenzymatic cofactors often exploiting the absorption of light to energize photoinduced redox chemistry in a variety of contexts. Both flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and flavin mononucleotide (FMN) are used for this function. The study of these photoenzymes has been facilitated using flavin analogs. Most of these analogs involve modification of the flavin ring, and there is recent evidence that adenine (Ade)-modified FAD can affect enzyme turnover, but so far this has only been shown for enzymes where the adenine and flavin rings are close to each other in a stacked conformation. FAD is also stacked in aqueous solution, and its photodynamics are quite different from unstacked FAD or FMN. Oxidized photoexcited FAD decays rapidly, presumably through PET with Ade as donor and Fl* as acceptor. Definitive identification of the spectral signatures of Ade∙+ and Fl∙- radicals is elusive. Here we use the FAD analog Flavin 1,N6-Ethenoadenine Dinucleotide (εFAD) to study how different photochemical outcomes depend on the identity of the Ade moiety in stacked FAD and its analog εFAD. We have used UV-Vis transient absorption spectroscopy complemented by TD-DFT calculations to investigate the excited state evolution of the flavins. In FAD*, no radicals were observed, suggesting that FAD* does not undergo PET. εFAD* kinetics showed a broad absorption band that suggests a charge transfer state exists upon photoexcitation with evidence for radical pair formation. Surprisingly, significant triplet flavin was produced from εFAD* We hypothesize that the dipolar (ε)Ade moieties differentially modulate the singlet-triplet energy gap, resulting in different intersystem crossing rates. The additional electron density on the etheno group of εFAD supplies better orbital overlap with the flavin S1 state, accelerating charge transfer in that molecule.
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11
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Garcia SA, Rodriguez KM, Brown SR, Palmieri-Smith RM, Krishnan C. Estimates of voluntary activation in individuals with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: Effects of type of stimulator, number of stimuli, and quantification technique. J Sport Health Sci 2022; 11:85-93. [PMID: 32692315 PMCID: PMC8847978 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2019.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate quantification of voluntary activation is important for understanding the extent of quadriceps dysfunction in individuals with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Voluntary activation has been quantified using both percent activation derived from the interpolated twitch technique and central activation ratio (CAR) derived from the burst superimposition technique, as well as by using different types of electrical stimulators and pulse train conditions. However, it is unclear how these parameters affect voluntary activation estimates in individuals with ACLR. This study was performed to fill this important knowledge gap in the anterior cruciate ligament literature. METHODS Quadriceps strength and voluntary activation were examined in 18 ACLR participants (12 quadriceps/patellar tendon graft, 6 hamstring tendon graft; time since ACLR: 1.06 ± 0.82 years, mean ± SD) at 90° of knee flexion using 2 stimulators (Digitimer and Grass) and pulse train conditions (3-pulse and 10-pulse). Voluntary activation was quantified by calculating both CAR and percent activation. RESULTS Results indicated that voluntary activation was significantly overestimated by CAR when compared with percent activation (p < 0.001). Voluntary activation estimates were not affected by pulse train conditions when using percent activation; however, 3-pulse stimuli resulted in greater overestimation than 10-pulse stimuli when using CAR (p = 0.003). Voluntary activation did not differ between stimulators (p > 0.05); however, the Digitimer evoked greater torque at rest than the Grass (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION These results indicate that percent activation derived from the interpolated twitch technique provides superior estimates of voluntary activation than CAR derived from burst superimposition and is less affected by pulse train conditions or stimulators in individuals with ACLR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven A Garcia
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Scott R Brown
- Neuromuscular and Rehabilitation Robotics Laboratory (NeuRRo Lab), Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA
| | - Riann M Palmieri-Smith
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Chandramouli Krishnan
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Neuromuscular and Rehabilitation Robotics Laboratory (NeuRRo Lab), Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA; Robotics Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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12
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Kotani D, Yoshino T, Kotaka M, Kawazoe A, Masuishi T, Taniguchi H, Yamazaki K, Yamanaka T, Oki E, Muro K, Komatsu Y, Bando H, Satake H, Kato T, Tsuji A. Combination therapy of capecitabine, irinotecan, oxaliplatin, and bevacizumab as a first-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer: Safety lead-in results from the QUATTRO-II study. Invest New Drugs 2021. [PMID: 34019214 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-021-01125-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background FOLFOXIRI plus bevacizumab is the first-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) but demonstrates high neutropenia incidence among Asian patients. Hence, we conducted the randomized phase II QUATTRO-II study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04097444; Japan Registry of Clinical Trials identifier: jRTCs041190072) to evaluate the safety and efficacy of capecitabine, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan (CAPOXIRI) combination plus bevacizumab versus FOLFOXIRI plus bevacizumab, expecting a lower incidence of neutropenia without compromising the efficacy. Methods We investigated the recommended doses (RD) of oxaliplatin and irinotecan as a safety lead-in portion of Step 1 before initiating the randomized portion as Step 2. Four dose levels of CAPOXIRI (fixed dose of capecitabine, 1600 mg/m2; escalated/de-escalated doses of oxaliplatin and irinotecan) plus bevacizumab (7.5 mg/kg) were investigated in a 3 + 3 manner. A dose level of ≤ 2/6 of dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) cases was expected as the RD. Results In Step 1, we included nine patients (three and six in levels 0 and + 1, respectively). Level 0 (irinotecan, 200 mg/m2; oxaliplatin, 100 mg/m2) did not demonstrate DLTs. In level + 1 (irinotecan, 200 mg/m2; oxaliplatin, 130 mg/m2), although one patient experienced grade 4 febrile neutropenia, no further safety concerns were observed. As a preliminary efficacy result, the objective response rate in all nine patients was 89 % (100 and 83 % in levels 0 and + 1, respectively). Conclusions The RD of CAPOXIRI plus bevacizumab was 200, 130, and 1600 mg/m2 for irinotecan, oxaliplatin, and capecitabine, respectively, and 7.5 mg/kg for bevacizumab. The randomized portion is still ongoing.
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13
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Dujon B. On the origin of the genetic code: a 27-codon hypothetical precursor of an intricate 64-codon intermediate shaped the modern code. C R Biol 2021; 343:15-52. [PMID: 33988323 DOI: 10.5802/crbiol.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The modern genetic code reveals numerous traces of specific relationships between the early codons which, together with its internal asymmetries, suggest a sequential appearance of the nucleobases in primitive RNA molecules. Keeping the hypothesis of triplet pairings between primitive RNA molecules at the origin of the code, this work systematically examines complete codon-anticodon interaction matrices assuming distinct pairing options at each position of the triplet duplexes. Application of these principles suggests that a 27-codon precursor having a reasonable coding capacity for short peptide synthesis could have started with primitive RNA molecules able to form two distinct pairs with different free energies between a single purine and two pyrimidines (such as G with C and U). Conservation of the same pairing options at positions 1 and 2 of codons at the arrival of a second purine with distinct pairing preferences (such as A) generated a 64-codon intermediate code made of interrelated pairs or groups of codons (designated here as intricacy). The numerous traces of this hypothetical scheme that are visible in the standard and variant forms of the modern code demonstrate without ambiguity that the ancestral codon-anticodon duplexes required high energetic pairings at their central position (Watson-Crick) but tolerated less energetic pairings at the first codon position (G • U type). Combined with the sequential appearance of the nucleobases, the predicted codon intricacy allows a stepwise reconstruction of the evolution of the coding repertoire, by simple a posteriori comparison to the modern code. This reconstruction reveals a remarkable internal coherence in terms of amino acids and tRNA synthetases recruitment. The code started with a group of amino acids (Ala, Gly, Pro, Ser and Thr) that are now all activated by class II tRNA synthetases before reaching an intermediate period during which up to 14 distinct amino acids could be encoded by a full set of intricated codons. The perfect coincidence between the last 6 amino acids predicted in this reconstruction and the speculated action of the arrival of free atmospheric oxygen on proteins is spectacular, and suggests that the code has only reached its present form after the great oxidation event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Dujon
- Institut Pasteur, Dept. Genomes and Genetics, CNRS (UMR3525) and Sorbonne Université (UFR927), Paris, France
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14
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Woon KL, Chong ZX, Ariffin A, Chan CS. Relating molecular descriptors to frontier orbital energy levels, singlet and triplet excited states of fused tricyclics using machine learning. J Mol Graph Model 2021; 105:107891. [PMID: 33765526 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2021.107891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Fused tricyclic organic compounds are an important class of organic electronic materials. In designing molecules for organic electronics, knowing what chemical structure that be used to tune the molecular property is one of the keys that can help to improve the material performance. In this research, we applied machine learning and data analytic approaches in addressing this problem. The energy states (Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital (HOMO), Highest Occupied Molecular Orbitals (LUMO), singlet (Es) and triplet (ET) energy) of more than 10 thousand fused tricyclics are calculated. Corresponding descriptors are also generated. We find that the Coulomb matrix is a poorer descriptor than high-level descriptors in a multilayer perceptron neural network. Correlations as high as 0.95 is obtained using a multilayer perceptron neural network with Mean Absolute Error as low as 0.08 eV. The descriptors that are important in tuning the energy levels are revealed using the Random Forest algorithm. Correlations of such descriptors are also plotted. We found that the higher the number of tertiary amines, the deeper are the HOMO and LUMO levels. The presence of NN in the aromatic rings can be used to tune the ES. However, there is no single dominant descriptor that can be correlated with the ET. A collection of descriptors is found to give a far better correlation with ET. This research demonstrated that machine learning and data analytics in guiding how certain chemical substructures correlate with the molecule energy states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Lin Woon
- Low Dimensional Material Research Centre, Department of Physics, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Zhao Xian Chong
- Low Dimensional Material Research Centre, Department of Physics, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azhar Ariffin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chee Seng Chan
- Center of Image and Signal Processing, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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15
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He K, Lian C, Adeli E, Huo J, Gao Y, Zhang B, Zhang J, Shen D. MetricUNet: Synergistic image- and voxel-level learning for precise prostate segmentation via online sampling. Med Image Anal 2021; 71:102039. [PMID: 33831595 DOI: 10.1016/j.media.2021.102039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Fully convolutional networks (FCNs), including UNet and VNet, are widely-used network architectures for semantic segmentation in recent studies. However, conventional FCN is typically trained by the cross-entropy or Dice loss, which only calculates the error between predictions and ground-truth labels for pixels individually. This often results in non-smooth neighborhoods in the predicted segmentation. This problem becomes more serious in CT prostate segmentation as CT images are usually of low tissue contrast. To address this problem, we propose a two-stage framework, with the first stage to quickly localize the prostate region, and the second stage to precisely segment the prostate by a multi-task UNet architecture. We introduce a novel online metric learning module through voxel-wise sampling in the multi-task network. Therefore, the proposed network has a dual-branch architecture that tackles two tasks: (1) a segmentation sub-network aiming to generate the prostate segmentation, and (2) a voxel-metric learning sub-network aiming to improve the quality of the learned feature space supervised by a metric loss. Specifically, the voxel-metric learning sub-network samples tuples (including triplets and pairs) in voxel-level through the intermediate feature maps. Unlike conventional deep metric learning methods that generate triplets or pairs in image-level before the training phase, our proposed voxel-wise tuples are sampled in an online manner and operated in an end-to-end fashion via multi-task learning. To evaluate the proposed method, we implement extensive experiments on a real CT image dataset consisting 339 patients. The ablation studies show that our method can effectively learn more representative voxel-level features compared with the conventional learning methods with cross-entropy or Dice loss. And the comparisons show that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods by a reasonable margin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelei He
- Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; National Institute of Healthcare Data Science at Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunfeng Lian
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shanxi, China
| | - Ehsan Adeli
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and the Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, CA, USA
| | - Jing Huo
- State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Gao
- National Institute of Healthcare Data Science at Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; National Institute of Healthcare Data Science at Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Dinggang Shen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China; Department of Research and Development, Shanghai United Imaging Intelligence Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China; Department of Artificial Intelligence, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
Wobble coding is inevitable during evolution of the Standard Genetic Code (SGC). It ultimately splits half of NN U/C/A/G coding boxes with different assignments. Further, it contributes to pervasive SGC order by reinforcing close spacing for identical SGC assignments. But wobble cannot appear too soon, or it will inhibit encoding and more decisively, obstruct evolution of full coding tables. However, these prior results assumed Crick wobble, NN U/C and NN A/G, read by a single adaptor RNA. Superwobble translates NN U/C/A/G codons, using one adaptor RNA with an unmodified 5' anticodon U (appropriate to earliest coding) in modern mitochondria, plastids, and mycoplasma. Assuming the SGC was selected when evolving codes most resembled it, characteristics of the critical selection events can be calculated. For example, continuous superwobble infrequently evolves SGC-like coding tables. So, continuous superwobble is a very improbable origin hypothesis. In contrast, late-arising superwobble shares late Crick wobble's frequent resemblance to SGC order. Thus late superwobble is possible, but yields SGC-like assignments less frequently than late Crick wobble. Ancient coding ambiguity, most simply, arose from Crick wobble alone. This is consistent with SGC assignments to NAN codons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Yarus
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309-0347, USA.
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17
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Abstract
The Standard Genetic Code (SGC) exists in every known organism on Earth. SGC evolution via early unique codon assignment, then later wobble, yields coding resembling the near-universal code. Below, later wobble is shown to also create an optimal route to accurate codon assignment. Time of optimal codon assignment matches the previously defined mean time for ordered coding, exhibiting ≥ 90% of SGC order. Accurate evolution is also accessible, sufficiently frequent to appear in populations of 103 to 104 codes. SGC-like coding capacity, code order, and accurate assignments therefore arise together, in one attainable evolutionary intermediate. Examples, which plausibly resemble coding at evolutionary domain separation, are characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Yarus
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309-0347, USA.
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18
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Abstract
A near-universal Standard Genetic Code (SGC) implies a single origin for present Earth life. To study this unique event, I compute paths to the SGC, comparing different plausible histories. Notably, SGC-like coding emerges from traditional evolutionary mechanisms, and a superior route can be identified. To objectively measure evolution, progress values from 0 (random coding) to 1 (SGC-like) are defined: these measure fractions of random-code-to-SGC distance. Progress types are spacing/distance/delta Polar Requirement, detecting space between identical assignments/mutational distance to the SGC/chemical order, respectively. The coding system is based on selected RNAs performing aminoacyl-RNA synthetase reactions. Acceptor RNAs exhibit SGC-like Crick wobble; alternatively, non-wobbling triplets uniquely encode 20 amino acids/start/stop. Triplets acquire 22 functions by stereochemistry, selection, coevolution, or at random. Assignments also propagate to an assigned triplet’s neighborhood via single mutations, but can also decay. A vast code universe makes futile evolutionary paths plentiful. Thus, SGC evolution is critically sensitive to disorder from random assignments. Evolution also inevitably slows near coding completion. The SGC likely avoided these difficulties, and two suitable paths are compared. In late wobble, a majority of non-wobble assignments are made before wobble is adopted. In continuous wobble, a uniquely advantageous early intermediate yields an ordered SGC. Revised coding evolution (limited randomness, late wobble, concentration on amino acid encoding, chemically conservative coevolution with a chemically ordered elite) produces varied full codes with excellent joint progress values. A population of only 600 independent coding tables includes SGC-like members; a Bayesian path toward more accurate SGC evolution is available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Yarus
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309-0347, USA.
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Kumar L, Gundu N, Kancharia H, Sahoo RK, Malik PS, Sharma A, Gupta R, Sharma O, Biswas A, Kumar R, Thulkar S, Mallick S. Multiple Myeloma-Effect of Induction Therapy on Transplant Outcomes. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk 2020; 21:80-90.e5. [PMID: 33129746 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2020.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with multiple myeloma (MM) aged ≤ 65 to 70 years, with a good Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status and no major comorbid conditions, are considered potential candidates for autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) and will be treated with novel agent-based induction therapy for 4 to 6 cycles before ASCT. PATIENTS AND METHODS We analyzed the data from 326 patients with MM who had received novel agent-based induction before ASCT at our center to evaluate the effect of induction therapy on ASCT response, stem cell mobilization, engraftment characteristics, and survival. The median age was 52 years (range, 29-72 years), 216 patients were men (66.3%), 32.7% had stage III using the Revised Multiple Myeloma International Staging System, and 15.8% had high-risk cytogenetics. Of the 326 patients, 75 (23.0%) had undergone ASCT in second remission after salvage therapy for relapse. Also, 194 patients (59.5%) had received doublet induction therapy and 132 (40.5%) had received triplet induction therapy. RESULTS Triplet-based induction therapy was superior to doublet-based therapy for response (95.4% vs. 84.02%; P < .003), stem cell mobilization (CD34+ ≥ 2 × 106/kg; 88.6% vs. 76.8%; P < .005), and lower 100-day transplant-related mortality (P < .001). The ≥100 day post-ASCT overall response (97.4% vs. 91.7%; P = .124) and complete response (72.5% vs. 68.0%; P = .38) rates were similar. At a median follow-up of 62.5 months, the overall survival (97.5 months vs. 100.0 months; P = .606) and progression-free survival (54.5 months vs. 57 months; P = .515) were similar between the triplet and doublet induction groups. CONCLUSION An initial response (chemosensitivity) to induction therapy will prepare patients better for subsequent consolidation therapy and ASCT, leading to favorable outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalit Kumar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Naresh Gundu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Harish Kancharia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ranjit Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Prabhat Singh Malik
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Atul Sharma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ritu Gupta
- Department of Laboratory Oncology, Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Omdutt Sharma
- Department of Laboratory Oncology, Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ahitagni Biswas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjay Thulkar
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Saumyaranjan Mallick
- Department of Pathology, Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Antoniotti C, Borelli B, Rossini D, Pietrantonio F, Morano F, Salvatore L, Lonardi S, Marmorino F, Tamberi S, Corallo S, Tortora G, Bergamo F, Brunella DS, Boccaccino A, Grassi E, Racca P, Tamburini E, Aprile G, Moretto R, Boni L, Falcone A, Cremolini C. AtezoTRIBE: a randomised phase II study of FOLFOXIRI plus bevacizumab alone or in combination with atezolizumab as initial therapy for patients with unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:683. [PMID: 32698790 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07169-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) reported remarkable achievements in several solid tumours. However, in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) promising results are limited to patients with deficient mismatch repair/microsatellite instability-high (dMMR/MSI-high) tumours due to their immune-enriched microenvironment. Combining cytotoxic agents and bevacizumab in mCRC with proficient mismatch repair/microsatellite stability (pMMR/MSS) could make ICIs efficacious by increasing the exposure of neoantigens, especially with highly active chemotherapy regimens, inducing immunogenic cell death, increasing the tumoral infiltration of CD8+ T-cells and reducing tumour-associated myeloid-derived suppressor cells. VEGF-blockade also plays an immunomodulatory role by inhibiting the expansion of T regulatory lymphocytes. Consistently with this rationale, a phase Ib study combined the anti-PDL-1 atezolizumab with FOLFOX/bevacizumab as first-line treatment of mCRC, irrespective of microsatellite status, and reported interesting activity and efficacy results, without safety concerns. Phase III trials led to identify FOLFOXIRI plus bevacizumab as an upfront therapeutic option in selected mCRC patients. Drawing from these considerations, the combination of atezolizumab with an intensified upfront treatment (FOLFOXIRI) and bevacizumab could be worthy of investigation. Methods AtezoTRIBE is a prospective, open label, phase II, comparative trial in which initially unresectable and previously untreated mCRC patients, irrespective of microsatellite status, are randomized in a 1:2 ratio to receive up to 8 cycles of FOLFOXIRI/bevacizumab alone or in combination with atezolizumab, followed by maintenance with bevacizumab plus 5-fluoruracil/leucovorin with or without atezolizumab according to treatment arm until disease progression. The primary endpoint is PFS. Assuming a median PFS of 12 months for standard arm, 201 patients should be randomized in a 1:2 ratio to detect a hazard ratio of 0.66 in favour of the experimental arm. A safety run-in phase including the first 6 patients enrolled in the FOLFOXIRI/bevacizumab/atezolizumab arm was planned, and no unexpected adverse events or severe toxicities were highlighted by the Safety Monitoring Committee. Discussion The AtezoTRIBE study aims at assessing whether the addition of atezolizumab to an intensified chemotherapy plus bevacizumab might be an efficacious upfront strategy for the treatment of mCRC, irrespective of the microsatellite status. Trial registration AtezoTRIBE is registered at Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03721653), October 26th, 2018 and at EUDRACT (2017–000977-35), Februray 28th, 2017.
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Abstract
Background Previously, a seven-cluster pattern claiming to be a universal one in bacterial genomes has been reported. Keeping in mind the most popular theory of chloroplast origin, we checked whether a similar pattern is observed in chloroplast genomes. Results Surprisingly, eight cluster structure has been found, for chloroplasts. The pattern observed for chloroplasts differs rather significantly, from bacterial one, and from that latter observed for cyanobacteria. The structure is provided by clustering of the fragments of equal length isolated within a genome so that each fragment is converted in triplet frequency dictionary with non-overlapping triplets with no gaps in frame tiling. The points in 63-dimensional space were clustered due to elastic map technique. The eight cluster found in chloroplasts comprises the fragments of a genome bearing tRNA genes and exhibiting excessively high GC-content, in comparison to the entire genome. Conclusion Chloroplasts exhibit very specific symmetry type in distribution of coding and non-coding fragments of a genome in the space of triplet frequencies: this is mirror symmetry. Cyanobacteria may have both mirror symmetry, and the rotational symmetry typical for other bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Sadovsky
- Institute of computational modelling SB RAS, Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russia. .,Siberian federal university, Svobodny prosp. 79, Krasnoyarsk, 660041, Russia. .,V.F.Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, P. Zheleznjaka str. 1, Krasnoyarsk, 660022, Russia.
| | - Maria Yu Senashova
- Institute of computational modelling SB RAS, Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russia
| | - Andrew V Malyshev
- Institute of computational modelling SB RAS, Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russia
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Gronqvist GV, Hickson RE, Kenyon PR, Morris ST, Stafford KJ, Corner-Thomas RA. Behaviour of twin- and triplet-born lambs and their dam 3 to 18 hours after birth is not a useful predictor of lamb survival to weaning. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2020; 33:1848-1857. [PMID: 32054195 PMCID: PMC7649071 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.19.0479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective An experiment was designed to determine if behaviour traits expressed by twin- and triplet-bearing lambs and their dams at 3 to 18 hours of age (after the immediate ewe-lamb bonding had occurred) were associated with lamb survival to weaning. Methods The behaviour of twin and triplet lambs and their dams was assessed in the paddock at 3 to 18 hours after birth. Observations were made of the number of high- and low-pitched bleats, time to stand, make contact with dam, suck from dam and follow dam were recorded for each lamb. The maternal behaviour score of each dam was assessed. A random sub-sample of lambs were assessed during a maternal-recognition test at 12 or 24 hours of age. Traits included time spent standing, sitting, walking, time taken to reach the ewes and time spent with the ewes as well as the number of high- and low-pitched bleats emitted by the lamb. Results In the paddock, for each additional second required for twin-born lambs to follow their dam, lambs were 1.004 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.000 to 1.008) times more likely to survive to weaning (p<0.05). The opposite relationship, however, was seen in triplet lambs. For each additional second required for triplet-born lambs to follow their dam, lambs were 0.996 (95% CI 0.993 to 0.999) times as likely to survive to weaning (p<0.05). During the maternal recognition test, twin-born lambs were 0.989 (95% CI 0.979 to 1.000) times as likely to survive to weaning for every additional second they took to reach the contact zone (p<0.05). Similarly, triplet-born lambs were 0.994 (95% CI 0.989 to 0.999) as likely to survive for every additional second they took to reach their dam (p<0.05). Conclusion All ewe behaviours and the majority of lamb paddock and test behaviours were not associated with the survival of twin- or triplet-born lambs and, therefore, are of little use as indicators of lamb survival to weaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- G V Gronqvist
- School of Agriculture and the Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
| | - R E Hickson
- School of Agriculture and the Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
| | - P R Kenyon
- School of Agriculture and the Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
| | - S T Morris
- School of Agriculture and the Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
| | - K J Stafford
- School of Agriculture and the Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
| | - R A Corner-Thomas
- School of Agriculture and the Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
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Gassiot S, González Y, Morgades M, Motlló C, Clapés V, Maluquer C, Ibarra G, Abril L, Ribera JM, Oriol A. Response to First Cycle Is the Major Predictor of Long-Term Response to Lenalidomide and Dexamethasone Therapy in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma: Can We Spare Patients the Toxicity and Costs of Additional Agents? Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk 2019; 19:585-592.e1. [PMID: 31255588 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2019.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lenalidomide plus dexamethasone (Ld) is still considered an option of care for some selected patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM), despite the proven superiority of lenalidomide-based triplet therapy. Up to 20% of patients obtain long-term benefit from Ld alone. The aim of this multicenter retrospective study was to identify and characterize those with good response to Ld salvage therapy, defined as progression-free survival lasting more than 24 months. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients treated with Ld in a consortium of 3 tertiary-care hospitals (Institut Català d'Oncologia) between 2009 and 2016 were prospectively registered; 227 patients had evaluable data. RESULTS In multivariate analysis, obtaining partial response after the first therapy cycle was the main independent factor associated with progression-free survival lasting more than 24 months. Together with standard risk cytogenetics, partial response after first cycle was also independently associated with a higher rate of complete response. Previous plasma-cell dyscrasia remained as the only baseline characteristic independently associated with long-lasting responses. High-risk cytogenetics and no history of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance were the only statistically significant negative prognostic factors for overall survival. Patients who had received only one prior therapy showed a trend toward higher overall survival. CONCLUSION If Ld is to be considered a treatment choice, at least a partial response should be obtained after the first therapy cycle to maintain double-agent therapy safely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Gassiot
- Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Yolanda González
- Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain
| | - Mireia Morgades
- Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
| | - Cristina Motlló
- Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
| | - Victòria Clapés
- Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Llobregat, Spain
| | - Clara Maluquer
- Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
| | - Gladys Ibarra
- Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
| | - Laura Abril
- Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
| | - Josep-Maria Ribera
- Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Oriol
- Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Zhang D, Song J, Pace J, Roess DA, Barisas BG. Continuous Fluorescence Depletion Anisotropy Measurement of Protein Rotation. J Fluoresc 2018; 28:533-42. [PMID: 29397481 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-018-2214-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Protein rotation in viscous environments can be measured by fluorescence depletion anisotropy (FDA) which combines long lifetimes of chromophore triplet states with the sensitivity of fluorescence excitation and detection. FDA achieves sensitivity well beyond that attainable by the more common technique of time-resolved phosphorescence anisotropy (TPA). We have now combined benefits of both time-domain and frequency-domain FDA into a single continuous technique (CFDA). Intensity and polarization of a single laser beam are modulated continuously according to a complex, repeating waveform. Fluorescence signals excited from triplet-forming fluorescent probes are digitized over recurring waveform periods by a high-speed signal averager. CFDA experiments typically involve substantial ground state depletion. Thus signals, unlike those of TPA, are not linear in the exciting light intensity and simple data analysis based on such linearity is not appropriate. An exact solution of the coupled diffusion and triplet production/decay equation describing CFDA within individual data points has been combined with simulated annealing optimization to extract triplet and anisotropy decay kinetics from experimental data. Related calculations compare possible excitation waveforms with respect to rotational information provided per fluorescence photon. We present CFDA results for the model system of eosin conjugates of carbonic anhydrase, BSA and immunoglobulin G in 90% glycerol at various temperatures and initial cellular results on eosin-IgE bound to 2H3 cell Type I Fcε receptors. We explore how CFDA reflects rotational parameters of heterogeneous systems and discuss challenges of extending this method to single cell microscopic measurements.
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25
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Sproviero W, Shatunov A, Stahl D, Shoai M, van Rheenen W, Jones AR, Al-Sarraj S, Andersen PM, Bonini NM, Conforti FL, Van Damme P, Daoud H, Del Mar Amador M, Fogh I, Forzan M, Gaastra B, Gellera C, Gitler AD, Hardy J, Fratta P, La Bella V, Le Ber I, Van Langenhove T, Lattante S, Lee YC, Malaspina A, Meininger V, Millecamps S, Orrell R, Rademakers R, Robberecht W, Rouleau G, Ross OA, Salachas F, Sidle K, Smith BN, Soong BW, Sorarù G, Stevanin G, Kabashi E, Troakes C, van Broeckhoven C, Veldink JH, van den Berg LH, Shaw CE, Powell JF, Al-Chalabi A. ATXN2 trinucleotide repeat length correlates with risk of ALS. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 51:178.e1-178.e9. [PMID: 28017481 PMCID: PMC5302215 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We investigated a CAG trinucleotide repeat expansion in the ATXN2 gene in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Two new case-control studies, a British dataset of 1474 ALS cases and 567 controls, and a Dutch dataset of 1328 ALS cases and 691 controls were analyzed. In addition, to increase power, we systematically searched PubMed for case-control studies published after 1 August 2010 that investigated the association between ATXN2 intermediate repeats and ALS. We conducted a meta-analysis of the new and existing studies for the relative risks of ATXN2 intermediate repeat alleles of between 24 and 34 CAG trinucleotide repeats and ALS. There was an overall increased risk of ALS for those carrying intermediate sized trinucleotide repeat alleles (odds ratio 3.06 [95% confidence interval 2.37-3.94]; p = 6 × 10-18), with an exponential relationship between repeat length and ALS risk for alleles of 29-32 repeats (R2 = 0.91, p = 0.0002). No relationship was seen for repeat length and age of onset or survival. In contrast to trinucleotide repeat diseases, intermediate ATXN2 trinucleotide repeat expansion in ALS does not predict age of onset but does predict disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Sproviero
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, UK
| | - Aleksey Shatunov
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, UK
| | - Daniel Stahl
- Department of Biostatistics, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Maryam Shoai
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Wouter van Rheenen
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ashley R Jones
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, UK
| | - Safa Al-Sarraj
- Department of Clinical Neuropathology, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Peter M Andersen
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Nancy M Bonini
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Philip Van Damme
- Neurology Department, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Disease (LIND), KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hussein Daoud
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maria Del Mar Amador
- Department of Nervous System Diseases, ALS Paris ALS Center for Rare Diseases, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié Salpêtrière, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Isabella Fogh
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, UK
| | - Monica Forzan
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Ben Gaastra
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, UK
| | - Cinzia Gellera
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Aaron D Gitler
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - John Hardy
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Pietro Fratta
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Vincenzo La Bella
- ALS Clinical Research Center, Bio. Ne. C., University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Isabelle Le Ber
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMRS1127, Paris, France; AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Centre de Référence des Démences Rares, Departement de Neurologie, Paris, France
| | - Tim Van Langenhove
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Insititute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Serena Lattante
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMRS1127, Paris, France
| | - Yi-Chung Lee
- Department of Neurology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Andrea Malaspina
- North-East London and Essex MND Care Centre - Neuroscience and Trauma Centre, Blizard, Institute of Cell and Molecular Medicine, Barts & the London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Vincent Meininger
- Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, institut de recherche translationnelle en neurosciences (A-ICM), Paris, France; Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, réseau SLA IdF, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Millecamps
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMRS1127, Paris, France
| | - Richard Orrell
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Rosa Rademakers
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Wim Robberecht
- Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Disease (LIND), KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guy Rouleau
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Owen A Ross
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Francois Salachas
- Department of Nervous System Diseases, ALS Paris ALS Center for Rare Diseases, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié Salpêtrière, APHP, Paris, France; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMRS1127, Paris, France
| | - Katie Sidle
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Bradley N Smith
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, UK
| | - Bing-Wen Soong
- Department of Neurology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Gianni Sorarù
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Stevanin
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMRS1127, Paris, France; Neurogenetics team, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Paris, France
| | - Edor Kabashi
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMRS1127, Paris, France
| | - Claire Troakes
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, UK
| | - Christine van Broeckhoven
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Insititute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jan H Veldink
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Leonard H van den Berg
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Christopher E Shaw
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, UK
| | - John F Powell
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, UK
| | - Ammar Al-Chalabi
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, UK.
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Sreeraj VS, Venkatasubramanian G. Safety of clozapine in a woman with triplet pregnancy: A case report. Asian J Psychiatr 2016; 22:67-8. [PMID: 27520896 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vanteemar S Sreeraj
- InSTAR Program, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India.
| | - Ganesan Venkatasubramanian
- InSTAR Program, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
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27
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Białek R, Burdziński G, Jones MR, Gibasiewicz K. Bacteriopheophytin triplet state in Rhodobacter sphaeroides reaction centers. Photosynth Res 2016; 129:205-216. [PMID: 27368166 PMCID: PMC4935742 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-016-0290-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that photoexcitation of Rhodobacter sphaeroides reaction centers (RC) with reduced quinone acceptors results in the formation of a triplet state localized on the primary electron donor P with a significant yield. The energy of this long-lived and therefore potentially damaging excited state is then efficiently quenched by energy transfer to the RC spheroidenone carotenoid, with its subsequent decay to the ground state by intersystem crossing. In this contribution, we present a detailed transient absorption study of triplet states in a set of mutated RCs characterized by different efficiencies of triplet formation that correlate with lifetimes of the initial charge-separated state P(+)H A (-) . On a microsecond time scale, two types of triplet state were detected: in addition to the well-known spheroidenone triplet state with a lifetime of ~4 μs, in some RCs we discovered a bacteriopheophytin triplet state with a lifetime of ~40 μs. As expected, the yield of the carotenoid triplet increased approximately linearly with the lifetime of P(+)H A (-) , reaching the value of 42 % for one of the mutants. However, surprisingly, the yield of the bacteriopheophytin triplet was the highest in RCs with the shortest P(+)H A (-) lifetime and the smallest yield of carotenoid triplet. For these the estimated yield of bacteriopheophytin triplet was comparable with the yield of the carotenoid triplet, reaching a value of ~7 %. Possible mechanisms of formation of the bacteriopheophytin triplet state are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Białek
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, ul. Umultowska 85, 61-614, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Gotard Burdziński
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, ul. Umultowska 85, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Michael R Jones
- School of Biochemistry, Medical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Krzysztof Gibasiewicz
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, ul. Umultowska 85, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
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Maia CB, Liao AW, Brizot ML, Francisco RP, Zugaib M. Prediction of perinatal mortality in triplet pregnancies. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2016; 294:473-7. [PMID: 26714679 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-015-3995-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate predictors of perinatal mortality in triplet pregnancies. METHODS Retrospective cohort managed in a tertiary teaching hospital (1998-2012) including all pregnancies with tree live fetuses at the first ultrasound examination, performed after 11 weeks of gestation. Primary end-point was defined as the number of children alive at hospital discharge. Ordinal stepwise regression analysis examined the association with maternal age, parity, pregnancy chorionicity, gestational age at our first ultrasound evaluation, presence of maternal clinical, obstetrical and fetal complications and gestational age at delivery. RESULTS Sixty-seven triplet pregnancies were first seen at 18.5 ± 6.8 weeks, 33 (49.3 %) were trichorionic, obstetric complications occurred in 34 (50.7 %) and fetal complications were diagnosed in 17 (25.4 %). Perinatal mortality rate was 249 ‰ (95 % CI 189-317) and 138 (73 %) children were discharged alive from hospital (11 pregnancies with no survivors; single and double survival in ten cases each; all children alive in 36). Regression analysis showed that presence of fetal complications (OR 0.10, 95 % CI 0.03-0.36) and gestational age at delivery (OR 1.55, 95 % CI 1.31-1.85) are significant predictors of outcome (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Perinatal mortality in non-selected triplet pregnancies is high and is related to the presence of fetal complications and gestational age at delivery.
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Huang Z, Li X, Mahboub M, Hanson KM, Nichols VM, Le H, Tang ML, Bardeen CJ. Hybrid Molecule-Nanocrystal Photon Upconversion Across the Visible and Near-Infrared. Nano Lett 2015; 15:5552-7. [PMID: 26161875 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b02130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The ability to upconvert two low energy photons into one high energy photon has potential applications in solar energy, biological imaging, and data storage. In this Letter, CdSe and PbSe semiconductor nanocrystals are combined with molecular emitters (diphenylanthracene and rubrene) to upconvert photons in both the visible and the near-infrared spectral regions. Absorption of low energy photons by the nanocrystals is followed by energy transfer to the molecular triplet states, which then undergo triplet-triplet annihilation to create high energy singlet states that emit upconverted light. By using conjugated organic ligands on the CdSe nanocrystals to form an energy cascade, the upconversion process could be enhanced by up to 3 orders of magnitude. The use of different combinations of nanocrystals and emitters shows that this platform has great flexibility in the choice of both excitation and emission wavelengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Huang
- Department of Chemistry University of California Riverside, Riverside California 92521, United States
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Chemistry University of California Riverside, Riverside California 92521, United States
| | - Melika Mahboub
- Department of Chemistry University of California Riverside, Riverside California 92521, United States
| | - Kerry M Hanson
- Department of Chemistry University of California Riverside, Riverside California 92521, United States
| | - Valerie M Nichols
- Department of Chemistry University of California Riverside, Riverside California 92521, United States
| | - Hoang Le
- Department of Chemistry University of California Riverside, Riverside California 92521, United States
| | - Ming L Tang
- Department of Chemistry University of California Riverside, Riverside California 92521, United States
| | - Christopher J Bardeen
- Department of Chemistry University of California Riverside, Riverside California 92521, United States
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Nagase H, Kutsumura N. Synthesis of novel triplets with a 1,3,5-trioxazatriquinane skeleton and their pharmacologies for opioid receptors. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2015; 348:375-89. [PMID: 25964204 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201500031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We designed and synthesized novel triplet molecules with 1,3,5-trioxazatriquinane skeletons. One class comprises double-capped triplets with a morphinan skeleton; the other class comprises simple phenol derivatives with phenethylamine moieties. One compound with m-phenolic hydroxyl group, called SYK-146, is a highly selective, potent agonist for the κ receptor, with activity nearly equivalent to that of U-50488H. The o-phenolic isomer of SYK-146, called SYK-524, showed potent but non-selective agonistic activity for the opioid receptors. We also added several simple phenol derivatives to a library of compounds that target opioid receptors, and they showed high hit rates for the receptor. This library might also be expected to show high hit rates for other receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Nagase
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Noriki Kutsumura
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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