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Kacher R, Lejeune FX, David I, Boluda S, Coarelli G, Leclere-Turbant S, Heinzmann A, Marelli C, Charles P, Goizet C, Kabir N, Hilab R, Jornea L, Six J, Dommergues M, Fauret AL, Brice A, Humbert S, Durr A. CAG repeat mosaicism is gene specific in spinocerebellar ataxias. Am J Hum Genet 2024:S0002-9297(24)00088-0. [PMID: 38626762 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2024.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Expanded CAG repeats in coding regions of different genes are the most common cause of dominantly inherited spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs). These repeats are unstable through the germline, and larger repeats lead to earlier onset. We measured somatic expansion in blood samples collected from 30 SCA1, 50 SCA2, 74 SCA3, and 30 SCA7 individuals over a mean interval of 8.5 years, along with postmortem tissues and fetal tissues from SCA1, SCA3, and SCA7 individuals to examine somatic expansion at different stages of life. We showed that somatic mosaicism in the blood increases over time. Expansion levels are significantly different among SCAs and correlate with CAG repeat lengths. The level of expansion is greater in individuals with SCA7 who manifest disease compared to that of those who do not yet display symptoms. Brain tissues from SCA individuals have larger expansions compared to the blood. The cerebellum has the lowest mosaicism among the studied brain regions, along with a high expression of ATXNs and DNA repair genes. This was the opposite in cortices, with the highest mosaicism and lower expression of ATXNs and DNA repair genes. Fetal cortices did not show repeat instability. This study shows that CAG repeats are increasingly unstable during life in the blood and the brain of SCA individuals, with gene- and tissue-specific patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhia Kacher
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hopital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - François-Xavier Lejeune
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute's Data Analysis Core Facility, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hopital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle David
- Sorbonne Université, Department of Genetics, APHP, Hopital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Susana Boluda
- Sorbonne Université, Department of Neuropathology Raymond Escourolle, APHP, Hopital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Giulia Coarelli
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hopital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Sabrina Leclere-Turbant
- Sorbonne Université, Biobank Neuro-CEB Biological Resource Platform, APHP, Hopital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Anna Heinzmann
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hopital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Cecilia Marelli
- MMDN, Université Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, Montpellier, France; Expert Center for Neurogenetic Diseases, CHU, Montpellier, France
| | - Perrine Charles
- Sorbonne Université, Department of Genetics, APHP, Hopital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Cyril Goizet
- Université Bordeaux, Equipe « Neurogénétique Translationnelle - NRGEN », INCIA CNRS UMR5287 Université Bordeaux and Centre de Reference Maladies Rares « Neurogénétique », Service de Génétique Médicale, Bordeaux University Hospital (CHU Bordeaux), Bordeaux, France
| | - Nisha Kabir
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hopital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Rania Hilab
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hopital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Ludmila Jornea
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hopital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Julie Six
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hopital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Marc Dommergues
- Sorbonne Université, Service de Gynécologie Obstetrique, APHP, Hopital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Laure Fauret
- Sorbonne Université, Department of Genetics, APHP, Hopital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Alexis Brice
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hopital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Humbert
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hopital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Durr
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hopital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
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Xu YD, Zhou XY, Wei SD, Liu FT, Zhao J, Tang YL, Shen B, Ding ZT, Wu JJ, Sun YM, Wang J. Clinical features, disease progression, and nuclear imaging in ATXN2-related parkinsonism in a longitudinal cohort. Neurol Sci 2024:10.1007/s10072-024-07383-1. [PMID: 38340219 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-024-07383-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinocerebellar ataxia 2 (SCA2) with a low range of CAG repeat expansion of ATXN2 gene can present with predominant or isolated parkinsonism that closely resembles Parkinson's disease (PD). This study is aimed at comparing clinical features, disease progression, and nuclear imaging between ATXN2-related parkinsonism (ATXN2-P) and PD. METHODS Three hundred and seventy-seven clinically diagnosed PD with family history were screened by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification, whole-exome sequencing or target sequencing, and dynamic mutation testing of 10 SCA subtypes. The baseline and longitudinal clinical features as well as the dual-tracer positron emission tomography (PET) imaging were compared between ATXN2-P and genetically undefined familial PD (GU-fPD). RESULTS Fifteen ATXN2-P patients from 7 families and 50 randomly selected GU-fPD patients were evaluated. Significantly less resting tremor and more symmetric signs were observed in ATXN2-P than GU-fPD. No significant difference was found in motor progression and duration from onset to occurrence of fluctuation, dyskinesia, and recurrent falls between the two groups. Cognitive impairment and rapid-eye-movement sleep behavior disorder were more common in ATXN2-P. During follow-up, olfaction was relatively spared, and no obvious progression of cognition dysfunction evaluated by Mini-Mental State Examination scores was found in ATXN2-P. PET results of ATXN2-P demonstrated a symmetric, diffuse, and homogenous dopamine transporter loss of bilateral striatum and a glucose metabolism pattern inconsistent with that in PD. CONCLUSIONS Symmetric motor signs and unique nuclear imaging might be the clues to distinguish ATXN2-P from GU-fPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Dan Xu
- Department of Neurology and National Research Center for Aging and Medicine & National Center for Neurological Disorders, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Yue Zhou
- Department of Neurology and National Research Center for Aging and Medicine & National Center for Neurological Disorders, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Si-Di Wei
- Department of Neurology and National Research Center for Aging and Medicine & National Center for Neurological Disorders, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng-Tao Liu
- Department of Neurology and National Research Center for Aging and Medicine & National Center for Neurological Disorders, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jue Zhao
- Department of Neurology and National Research Center for Aging and Medicine & National Center for Neurological Disorders, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Lin Tang
- Department of Neurology and National Research Center for Aging and Medicine & National Center for Neurological Disorders, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Shen
- Department of Neurology and National Research Center for Aging and Medicine & National Center for Neurological Disorders, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng-Tong Ding
- Department of Neurology and National Research Center for Aging and Medicine & National Center for Neurological Disorders, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Jun Wu
- Department of Neurology and National Research Center for Aging and Medicine & National Center for Neurological Disorders, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yi-Min Sun
- Department of Neurology and National Research Center for Aging and Medicine & National Center for Neurological Disorders, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Neurology and National Research Center for Aging and Medicine & National Center for Neurological Disorders, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Borrego-Hernández D, Vázquez-Costa JF, Domínguez-Rubio R, Expósito-Blázquez L, Aller E, Padró-Miquel A, García-Casanova P, Colomina MJ, Martín-Arriscado C, Osta R, Cordero-Vázquez P, Esteban-Pérez J, Povedano-Panadés M, García-Redondo A. Intermediate Repeat Expansion in the ATXN2 Gene as a Risk Factor in the ALS and FTD Spanish Population. Biomedicines 2024; 12:356. [PMID: 38397958 PMCID: PMC10886453 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Intermediate CAG expansions in the gene ataxin-2 (ATXN2) are a known risk factor for ALS, but little is known about their role in FTD risk. Moreover, their contribution to the risk and phenotype of patients might vary in populations with different genetic backgrounds. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship of intermediate CAG expansions in ATXN2 with the risk and phenotype of ALS and FTD in the Spanish population. Repeat-primed PCR was performed in 620 ALS and 137 FTD patients in three referral centers in Spain to determine the exact number of CAG repeats. In our cohort, ≥27 CAG repeats in ATXN2 were associated with a higher risk of developing ALS (odds ratio [OR] = 2.666 [1.471-4.882]; p = 0.0013) but not FTD (odds ratio [OR] = 1.446 [0.558-3.574]; p = 0.44). Moreover, ALS patients with ≥27 CAG repeats in ATXN2 showed a shorter survival rate compared to those with <27 repeats (hazard ratio [HR] 1.74 [1.18, 2.56], p = 0.005), more frequent limb onset (odds ratio [OR] = 2.34 [1.093-4.936]; p = 0.028) and a family history of ALS (odds ratio [OR] = 2.538 [1.375-4.634]; p = 0.002). Intermediate CAG expansions of ≥27 repeats in ATXN2 are associated with ALS risk but not with FTD in the Spanish population. ALS patients carrying an intermediate expansion in ATXN2 show more frequent limb onset but a worse prognosis than those without expansions. In patients carrying C9orf72 expansions, the intermediate ATXN2 expansion might increase the penetrance and modify the phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Borrego-Hernández
- ALS Research Laboratory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (L.E.-B.); (P.C.-V.); (J.E.-P.); (A.G.-R.)
| | - Juan Francisco Vázquez-Costa
- Neuromuscular Unit, ERN-NMD Group, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (J.F.V.-C.); (P.G.-C.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Raúl Domínguez-Rubio
- Motoneuron Functional Unit, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; (R.D.-R.); (M.P.-P.)
| | - Laura Expósito-Blázquez
- ALS Research Laboratory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (L.E.-B.); (P.C.-V.); (J.E.-P.); (A.G.-R.)
| | - Elena Aller
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Genetics Department, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ariadna Padró-Miquel
- Genetics Laboratory (LCTMS), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, 08908 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain;
| | - Pilar García-Casanova
- Neuromuscular Unit, ERN-NMD Group, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (J.F.V.-C.); (P.G.-C.)
| | - María J. Colomina
- Anesthesia Service Unit, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain;
| | | | - Rosario Osta
- Laboratório de Genética e Biotecnologia (LAGENBIO), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Aragon Institute for Health Research (IIS Aragon), Zaragoza University, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - Pilar Cordero-Vázquez
- ALS Research Laboratory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (L.E.-B.); (P.C.-V.); (J.E.-P.); (A.G.-R.)
| | - Jesús Esteban-Pérez
- ALS Research Laboratory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (L.E.-B.); (P.C.-V.); (J.E.-P.); (A.G.-R.)
| | - Mónica Povedano-Panadés
- Motoneuron Functional Unit, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; (R.D.-R.); (M.P.-P.)
| | - Alberto García-Redondo
- ALS Research Laboratory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (L.E.-B.); (P.C.-V.); (J.E.-P.); (A.G.-R.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
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4
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Nagy ZF, Pál M, Engelhardt JI, Molnár MJ, Klivényi P, Széll M. Beyond C9orf72: repeat expansions and copy number variations as risk factors of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis across various populations. BMC Med Genomics 2024; 17:30. [PMID: 38254109 PMCID: PMC10804878 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-024-01807-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder which is characterized by the loss of both upper and lower motor neurons in the central nervous system. In a significant fraction of ALS cases - irrespective of family history- a genetic background may be identified. The genetic background of ALS shows a high variability from one ethnicity to another. The most frequent genetic cause of ALS is the repeat expansion of the C9orf72 gene. With the emergence of next-generation sequencing techniques and copy number alteration calling tools the focus in ALS genetics has shifted from disease causing genes and mutations towards genetic susceptibility and risk factors.In this review we aimed to summarize the most widely recognized and studied ALS linked repeat expansions and copy number variations other than the hexanucleotide repeat expansion in the C9orf72 gene. We compare and contrast their involvement and phenotype modifying roles in ALS among different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsófia Flóra Nagy
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
- Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Margit Pál
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- HUN-REN - SZTE Functional Clinical Genetics Research Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Mária Judit Molnár
- Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- HUN-REN-SE Multiomics Neurodegeneration Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Klivényi
- Department of Neurology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Márta Széll
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- HUN-REN - SZTE Functional Clinical Genetics Research Group, Szeged, Hungary
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5
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Everest E, Gulec B, Uygunoglu U. A Case of Coexistent Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 2 and Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis-Coincidental or Associated? Cerebellum 2023:10.1007/s12311-023-01605-6. [PMID: 37715888 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-023-01605-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) is a dominantly inherited ataxia primarily characterised by progressive cerebellar syndrome, which is developed due to the expansion of the CAG trinucleotide repeat within the first exon of the ATXN2 gene. We report a rare case of a 41-year-old woman with coexistent genetically verified SCA2 and primary progressive multiple sclerosis (MS). Considering our case and a few others reported in the literature, as well as a possible genetic association between ATXN2 and MS susceptibility, we suggest that the coexistence of SCA and MS may not be coincidental, especially in patients with a progressive MS course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Everest
- Department of Neurology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bade Gulec
- Department of Neurology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ugur Uygunoglu
- Department of Neurology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Neuroimmunology Division, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey.
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6
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Zhuang Y, Li Z, Xiong S, Sun C, Li B, Wu SA, Lyu J, Shi X, Yang L, Chen Y, Bao Z, Li X, Sun C, Chen Y, Deng H, Li T, Wu Q, Qi L, Huang Y, Yang X, Lin Y. Circadian clocks are modulated by compartmentalized oscillating translation. Cell 2023; 186:3245-3260.e23. [PMID: 37369203 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Terrestrial organisms developed circadian rhythms for adaptation to Earth's quasi-24-h rotation. Achieving precise rhythms requires diurnal oscillation of fundamental biological processes, such as rhythmic shifts in the cellular translational landscape; however, regulatory mechanisms underlying rhythmic translation remain elusive. Here, we identified mammalian ATXN2 and ATXN2L as cooperating master regulators of rhythmic translation, through oscillating phase separation in the suprachiasmatic nucleus along circadian cycles. The spatiotemporal oscillating condensates facilitate sequential initiation of multiple cycling processes, from mRNA processing to protein translation, for selective genes including core clock genes. Depleting ATXN2 or 2L induces opposite alterations to the circadian period, whereas the absence of both disrupts translational activation cycles and weakens circadian rhythmicity in mice. Such cellular defect can be rescued by wild type, but not phase-separation-defective ATXN2. Together, we revealed that oscillating translation is regulated by spatiotemporal condensation of two master regulators to achieve precise circadian rhythm in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanrong Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Centre for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhiyuan Li
- School of Life Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic & Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shiyue Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Centre for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chujie Sun
- School of Life Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic & Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Boya Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Centre for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shuangcheng Alivia Wu
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Jiali Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Centre for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Development Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Liang Yang
- Department of Medical Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education, National Health Commission of China, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yutong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Centre for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhangbin Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Centre for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Centre for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chuhanwen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Centre for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuling Chen
- School of Life Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic & Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Haiteng Deng
- School of Life Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic & Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Medical Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education, National Health Commission of China, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qingfeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Development Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ling Qi
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Yue Huang
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases and Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China; Phamalology Department, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Xuerui Yang
- School of Life Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic & Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Yi Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Centre for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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7
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Boeynaems S, Dorone Y, Zhuang Y, Shabardina V, Huang G, Marian A, Kim G, Sanyal A, Şen NE, Griffith D, Docampo R, Lasker K, Ruiz-Trillo I, Auburger G, Holehouse AS, Kabashi E, Lin Y, Gitler AD. Poly(A)-binding protein is an ataxin-2 chaperone that regulates biomolecular condensates. Mol Cell 2023; 83:2020-2034.e6. [PMID: 37295429 PMCID: PMC10318123 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Biomolecular condensation underlies the biogenesis of an expanding array of membraneless assemblies, including stress granules (SGs), which form under a variety of cellular stresses. Advances have been made in understanding the molecular grammar of a few scaffold proteins that make up these phases, but how the partitioning of hundreds of SG proteins is regulated remains largely unresolved. While investigating the rules that govern the condensation of ataxin-2, an SG protein implicated in neurodegenerative disease, we unexpectedly identified a short 14 aa sequence that acts as a condensation switch and is conserved across the eukaryote lineage. We identify poly(A)-binding proteins as unconventional RNA-dependent chaperones that control this regulatory switch. Our results uncover a hierarchy of cis and trans interactions that fine-tune ataxin-2 condensation and reveal an unexpected molecular function for ancient poly(A)-binding proteins as regulators of biomolecular condensate proteins. These findings may inspire approaches to therapeutically target aberrant phases in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Boeynaems
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Therapeutic Innovation Center (THINC), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases (CAND), Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center (DLDCCC), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Yanniv Dorone
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yanrong Zhuang
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Centre for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Victoria Shabardina
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, Barcelona 08003 Catalonia, Spain
| | - Guozhong Huang
- Department of Cellular Biology and Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Anca Marian
- Imagine Institute, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité 1163, Paris Descartes Université, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Garam Kim
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Anushka Sanyal
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Nesli-Ece Şen
- Experimental Neurology, Goethe-University Hospital, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Daniel Griffith
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center for Biomolecular Condensates, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Roberto Docampo
- Department of Cellular Biology and Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Keren Lasker
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Iñaki Ruiz-Trillo
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, Barcelona 08003 Catalonia, Spain; ICREA, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona 08010 Catalonia, Spain
| | - Georg Auburger
- Experimental Neurology, Goethe-University Hospital, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Alex S Holehouse
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center for Biomolecular Condensates, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Edor Kabashi
- Imagine Institute, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité 1163, Paris Descartes Université, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Yi Lin
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Centre for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Aaron D Gitler
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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Ma T, Feng L, Wei S, Wang Y, Li G, Lu Y, Zhang Y, Chu Y, Wang W, Zhang H. Antisense oligonucleotides targeting basal forebrain ATXN2 enhances spatial memory and ameliorates sleep deprivation-induced fear memory impairment in mice. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e3013. [PMID: 37072935 PMCID: PMC10275523 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the basal forebrain ameliorates sleep deprivation-induced fear memory impairments in rodents. Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) targeting ATXN2 was a potential therapy for spinocerebellar ataxia, whose pathogenic mechanism associates with reduced BDNF expression. We tested the hypothesis that ASO7 targeting ATXN2 could affect BDNF levels in mouse basal forebrain and ameliorate sleep deprivation-induced fear memory impairments. METHODS Adult male C57BL/6 mice were used to evaluate the effects of ASO7 targeting ATXN2 microinjected into the bilateral basal forebrain (1 μg, 0.5 μL, each side) on spatial memory, fear memory and sleep deprivation-induced fear memory impairments. Spatial memory and fear memory were detected by the Morris water maze and step-down inhibitory avoidance test, respectively. Immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR, and Western blot were used to evaluate the changes of levels of BDNF, ATXN2, and postsynaptic density 95 (PSD95) protein as well as ATXN2 mRNA. The morphological changes in neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region were detected by HE staining and Nissl staining. RESULTS ASO7 targeting ATXN2 microinjected into the basal forebrain could suppress ATXN2 mRNA and protein expression for more than 1 month and enhance spatial memory but not fear memory in mice. BDNF mRNA and protein expression in basal forebrain and hippocampus was increased by ASO7. Moreover, PSD95 expression and synapse formation were increased in the hippocampus. Furthermore, ASO7 microinjected into the basal forebrain increased BDNF and PSD95 protein expression in the basal forebrain of sleep-deprived mice and counteracted sleep deprivation-induced fear memory impairments. CONCLUSION ASOs targeting ATXN2 may provide effective interventions for sleep deprivation-induced cognitive impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ma
- Department of AnesthesiologyPLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical CenterBeijingChina
| | - Long Feng
- Department of AnesthesiologyPLA General Hospital of Hainan HospitalHainanChina
| | - Shi‐Nan Wei
- PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Postgraduate Training Base of Jinzhou Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Ying‐Ying Wang
- Department of AnesthesiologyBeijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Guan‐Hua Li
- Department of AnesthesiologyPLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical CenterBeijingChina
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of NeurologyPLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical CenterBeijingChina
| | - Ying‐Xin Zhang
- Department of AnesthesiologyPLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical CenterBeijingChina
| | - Yang Chu
- Department of AnesthesiologyPLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical CenterBeijingChina
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of AnesthesiologyPLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical CenterBeijingChina
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of AnesthesiologyPLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical CenterBeijingChina
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9
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Rodrigues TAR, de Souza BB, Bertozzo VDHE, de Castro JNP, Camargo ACL, Costa FF, Schimiti RB, Costa VP, de Vasconcellos JPC, de Melo MB. Association of variants in the ATXN2 (rs7137828), FOXC1 (rs2745572) and TXNRD2 (rs35934224) genes as risk factors for primary open-angle glaucoma development in a Brazilian cohort. Ophthalmic Genet 2023; 44:246-252. [PMID: 36994723 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2023.2191704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), the world's main cause of irreversible blindness, is an asymptomatic and neurodegenerative disease of multifactorial etiology with ethnic and geographic disparities. Multiethnic genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in ATXN2, FOXC1, and TXNRD2 loci as risk factors for POAG pathophysiology and/or endophenotypes. The aim of this case-control study was to investigate the association of the variants rs7137828 (ATXN2), rs2745572 (FOXC1), and rs35934224 (TXNRD2), as risk factors for POAG development, additionally to rs7137828 association with glaucoma clinical parameters in a Brazilian cohort from the Southeast and South regions. METHODS This investigation comprised 506 cases and 501 controls. Variants rs2745572 and rs35934224 were genotyped through TaqMan® assays and validated by Sanger sequencing. Variant rs7137828 was genotyped exclusively by Sanger sequencing. RESULTS The primary research outcome revealed that the variant rs7137828 (ATXN2) was associated with an increased risk for the development of POAG in the presence of the TT genotype compared to the CC genotype (p = 0.006; Odds Ratio [OR] = 1.717; Confidence Interval [CI] 95% = 1.169-2.535). There was no significant association of rs2745572 and rs35934224 genotypes with POAG. The CT genotype of the rs7137828 was associated with the vertical cup-to-disk ratio (VCDR) (p = .023) but not with the age at diagnosis or the mean deviation. CONCLUSION Our data indicate the rs7137828 associated with increased risk for the development of POAG and VCDR in a Brazilian cohort. If validated in additional populations, these findings may enable the development of relevant strategies for early diagnosis of glaucoma in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Adalton Rosa Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering - CBMEG, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Bruno Batista de Souza
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering - CBMEG, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Victor de Haidar E Bertozzo
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering - CBMEG, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Júlia Nicoliello Pereira de Castro
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering - CBMEG, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Lima Camargo
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering - CBMEG, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Rui Barroso Schimiti
- Glaucoma Service, Hoftalon Hospital, Londrina, Brazil
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, PUC Paraná, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Vital Paulino Costa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences - University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Mônica Barbosa de Melo
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering - CBMEG, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
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10
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Simpson BP, Yrigollen CM, Izda A, Davidson BL. Targeted long-read sequencing captures CRISPR editing and AAV integration outcomes in brain. Mol Ther 2023; 31:760-773. [PMID: 36617193 PMCID: PMC10014281 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 gene editing is an emerging therapeutic modality that shows promise in Huntington's disease and spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) mouse models. However, advancing CRISPR-based therapies requires methods to fully define in vivo editing outcomes. Here, we use polymerase-free, targeted long-read nanopore sequencing and evaluate single- and dual-gRNA AAV-CRISPR editing of human ATXN2 in transgenic mouse models of SCA type 2 (SCA2). Unbiased high sequencing coverage showed 10%-25% editing. Along with intended edits there was AAV integration, 1%-2% of which contained the entire AAV genome and were largely unmethylated. More than 150 kb deletions at target loci and rearrangements of the transgenic allele (1%) were also found. In contrast, PCR-based nanopore sequencing showed bias for partial AAV fragments and inverted terminal repeats (ITRs) and failed to detect full-length AAV. Cumulatively this work defines the spectrum of outcomes of CRISPR editing in mouse brain after AAV gene transfer using an unbiased long-read sequencing approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan P Simpson
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Biomedical Graduate Studies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Carolyn M Yrigollen
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Aleksandar Izda
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Beverly L Davidson
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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11
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Chhabra R, Guergues J, Wohlfahrt J, Rockfield S, Espinoza Gonzalez P, Rego S, Park MA, Berglund AE, Stevens SM, Nanjundan M. Deregulated expression of the 14q32 miRNA cluster in clear cell renal cancer cells. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1048419. [PMID: 37139155 PMCID: PMC10150008 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1048419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCC) are characterized by arm-wide chromosomal alterations. Loss at 14q is associated with disease aggressiveness in ccRCC, which responds poorly to chemotherapeutics. The 14q locus contains one of the largest miRNA clusters in the human genome; however, little is known about the contribution of these miRNAs to ccRCC pathogenesis. In this regard, we investigated the expression pattern of selected miRNAs at the 14q32 locus in TCGA kidney tumors and in ccRCC cell lines. We demonstrated that the miRNA cluster is downregulated in ccRCC (and cell lines) as well as in papillary kidney tumors relative to normal kidney tissues (and primary renal proximal tubule epithelial (RPTEC) cells). We demonstrated that agents modulating expression of DNMT1 (e.g., 5-Aza-deoxycytidine) could modulate 14q32 miRNA expression in ccRCC cell lines. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA, a lysophospholipid mediator elevated in ccRCC) not only increased labile iron content but also modulated expression of a 14q32 miRNA. Through an overexpression approach targeting a subset of 14q32 miRNAs (specifically at subcluster A: miR-431-5p, miR-432-5p, miR-127-3p, and miR-433-3p) in 769-P cells, we uncovered changes in cellular viability and claudin-1, a tight junction marker. A global proteomic approach was implemented using these miRNA overexpressing cell lines which uncovered ATXN2 as a highly downregulated target. Collectively, these findings support a contribution of miRNAs at 14q32 in ccRCC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravneet Chhabra
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Jennifer Guergues
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Jessica Wohlfahrt
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Stephanie Rockfield
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Pamela Espinoza Gonzalez
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Shanon Rego
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Margaret A. Park
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Anders E. Berglund
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Stanley M. Stevens
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Meera Nanjundan
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Meera Nanjundan,
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12
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Abstract
Objectives Recent studies suggest that asthma may have a protective effect on COVID-19.We aimed to investigate the causality between asthma and two COVID-19 outcomes and explore the mechanisms underlining this connection. Methods Summary results of GWAS were used for the analyses, including asthma (88,486 cases and 447,859 controls), COVID-19 hospitalization (6,406 hospitalized COVID-19 cases and 902,088 controls), and COVID-19 infection (14,134 COVID-19 cases and 1,284,876 controls). The Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed to evaluate the causal effects of asthma on the two COVID-19 outcomes. A cross-trait meta-analysis was conducted to analyze genetic variants within two loci shared by COVID-19 hospitalization and asthma. Results Asthma is associated with decreased risk both for COVID-19 hospitalization (odds ratio (OR): 0.70, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.70-0.99) and for COVID-19 infection (OR: 0.83, 95%CI: 0.51-0.95). Asthma and COVID-19 share two genome-wide significant genes, including ABO at the 9q34.2 region and OAS2 at the 12q24.13 region. The meta-analysis revealed that ABO and ATXN2 contain variants with pleiotropic effects on both COVID-19 and asthma. Conclusion In conclusion, our results suggest that genetic liability to asthma is associated with decreased susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 and to severe COVID-19 disease, which may be due to the protective effects of ongoing inflammation and, possibly, related compensatory responses against COVID-19 in its early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ancha Baranova
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States.,Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Hongbao Cao
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
| | - Jiu Chen
- Institute of Neuropsychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fuquan Zhang
- Institute of Neuropsychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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13
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Li R, Zeng L, Zhao H, Deng J, Pan L, Zhang S, Wu G, Ye Y, Zhang J, Su J, Zheng Y, Deng S, Bai R, Zhuang L, Li M, Zuo Z, Lin D, Zheng J, Huang X. ATXN2-mediated translation of TNFR1 promotes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma via m(6)A-dependent manner. Mol Ther 2022; 30:1089-103. [PMID: 34995801 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent RNA modification, and the effect of its dysregulation on esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) development remains unclear. Here, by performing transcriptome-wide m6A sequencing in 16 ESCC tissue samples, we identified the key roles of m6A in TNFRSF1A (also known as TNFR1)-mediated MAPK and NF-κB activation in ESCC. Mechanistically, a functional protein involved in m6A methylation, ATXN2, is identified that augments the translation of TNFRSF1A by binding to m6A-modified TNFRSF1A mRNA. Upregulation of the TNFRSF1A protein level, a vital upstream switch for TNFRSF1A-mediated signaling events, activates the NF-κB and MAPK pathways and thus promotes ESCC development. Furthermore, TNFRSF1A m6A modifications and protein levels are upregulated in ESCC, and high levels of TNFRSF1A m6A and protein are correlated with poor ESCC patient survival. These results collectively indicate that the m6A-TNFRSF1A axis is critical for ESCC development and thus may serve as a potential druggable target.
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14
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Sundberg CA, Lakk M, Paul S, Figueroa KP, Scoles DR, Pulst SM, Križaj D. The RNA-binding protein and stress granule component ATAXIN-2 is expressed in mouse and human tissues associated with glaucoma pathogenesis. J Comp Neurol 2022; 530:537-552. [PMID: 34350994 PMCID: PMC8716417 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Polyglutamine repeat expansions in the Ataxin-2 (ATXN2) gene were first implicated in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 2, a disease associated with degeneration of motor neurons and Purkinje cells. Recent studies linked single nucleotide polymorphisms in the gene to elevated intraocular pressure in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG); yet, the localization of ATXN2 across glaucoma-relevant tissues of the vertebrate eye has not been thoroughly examined. This study characterizes ATXN2 expression in the mouse and human retina, and anterior eye, using an antibody validated in ATXN2-/- retinas. ATXN2-ir was localized to cytosolic sub compartments in retinal ganglion cell (RGC) somata and proximal dendrites in addition to GABAergic, glycinergic, and cholinergic amacrine cells in the inner plexiform layer (IPL) and displaced amacrine cells. Human, but not mouse retinas showed modest immunolabeling of bipolar cells. ATXN2 immunofluorescence was prominent in the trabecular meshwork and pigmented and nonpigmented cells of the ciliary body, with analyses of primary human trabecular meshwork cells confirming the finding. The expression of ATXN2 in key POAG-relevant ocular tissues supports the potential role in autophagy and stress granule formation in response to ocular hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad A. Sundberg
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Monika Lakk
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Sharan Paul
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Karla P. Figueroa
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Daniel R. Scoles
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Stefan M. Pulst
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - David Križaj
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Neurobiology & Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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15
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Diaz-Garcia S, Ko VI, Vazquez-Sanchez S, Chia R, Arogundade OA, Rodriguez MJ, Traynor BJ, Cleveland D, Ravits J. Nuclear depletion of RNA-binding protein ELAVL3 (HuC) in sporadic and familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Acta Neuropathol 2021; 142:985-1001. [PMID: 34618203 PMCID: PMC8568872 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-021-02374-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a progressive fatal neurodegenerative disease caused by loss of motor neurons and characterized neuropathologically in almost all cases by nuclear depletion and cytoplasmic aggregation of TDP-43, a nuclear RNA-binding protein (RBP). We identified ELAVL3 as one of the most downregulated genes in our transcriptome profiles of laser captured microdissection of motor neurons from sporadic ALS nervous systems and the most dysregulated of all RBPs. Neuropathological characterizations showed ELAVL3 nuclear depletion in a great percentage of remnant motor neurons, sometimes accompanied by cytoplasmic accumulations. These abnormalities were common in sporadic cases with and without intermediate expansions in ATXN2 and familial cases carrying mutations in C9orf72 and SOD1. Depletion of ELAVL3 occurred at both the RNA and protein levels and a short protein isoform was identified, but it is not related to a TDP-43-dependent cryptic exon in intron 3. Strikingly, ELAVL3 abnormalities were more frequent than TDP-43 abnormalities and occurred in motor neurons still with normal nuclear TDP-43 present, but all neurons with abnormal TDP-43 also had abnormal ELAVL3. In a neuron-like cell culture model using SH-SY5Y cells, ELAVL3 mislocalization occurred weeks before TDP-43 abnormalities were seen. We interrogated genetic databases, but did not identify association of ELAVL3 genetic structure with ALS. Taken together, these findings suggest that ELAVL3 is an important RBP in ALS pathogenesis acquired early and the neuropathological data suggest that it is involved by loss of function rather than cytoplasmic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Diaz-Garcia
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0670 USA
| | - Vivian I. Ko
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0670 USA
| | - Sonia Vazquez-Sanchez
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0670 USA
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Ruth Chia
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-3707 USA
| | | | - Maria J. Rodriguez
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0670 USA
| | - Bryan J. Traynor
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-3707 USA
| | - Don Cleveland
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0670 USA
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - John Ravits
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0670 USA
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16
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Li PP, Moulick R, Feng H, Sun X, Arbez N, Jin J, Marque LO, Hedglen E, Chan HE, Ross CA, Pulst SM, Margolis RL, Woodson S, Rudnicki DD. RNA Toxicity and Perturbation of rRNA Processing in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 2. Mov Disord 2021; 36:2519-2529. [PMID: 34390268 PMCID: PMC8884117 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by expansion of a CAG repeat in Ataxin-2 (ATXN2) gene. The mutant ATXN2 protein with a polyglutamine tract is known to be toxic and contributes to the SCA2 pathogenesis. OBJECTIVE Here, we tested the hypothesis that the mutant ATXN2 transcript with an expanded CAG repeat (expATXN2) is also toxic and contributes to SCA2 pathogenesis. METHODS The toxic effect of expATXN2 transcripts on SK-N-MC neuroblastoma cells and primary mouse cortical neurons was evaluated by caspase 3/7 activity and nuclear condensation assay, respectively. RNA immunoprecipitation assay was performed to identify RNA binding proteins (RBPs) that bind to expATXN2 RNA. Quantitative PCR was used to examine if ribosomal RNA (rRNA) processing is disrupted in SCA2 and Huntington's disease (HD) human brain tissue. RESULTS expATXN2 RNA induces neuronal cell death, and aberrantly interacts with RBPs involved in RNA metabolism. One of the RBPs, transducin β-like protein 3 (TBL3), involved in rRNA processing, binds to both expATXN2 and expanded huntingtin (expHTT) RNA in vitro. rRNA processing is disrupted in both SCA2 and HD human brain tissue. CONCLUSION These findings provide the first evidence of a contributory role of expATXN2 transcripts in SCA2 pathogenesis, and further support the role of expHTT transcripts in HD pathogenesis. The disruption of rRNA processing, mediated by aberrant interaction of RBPs with expATXN2 and expHTT transcripts, suggest a point of convergence in the pathogeneses of repeat expansion diseases with potential therapeutic implications. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan P. Li
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of NeurobiologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Roumita Moulick
- T.C. Jenkins Department of BiophysicsJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Hongxuan Feng
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of NeurobiologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Xin Sun
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of NeurobiologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Nicolas Arbez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of NeurobiologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Jing Jin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of NeurobiologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Leonard O. Marque
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of NeurobiologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Erin Hedglen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of NeurobiologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - H.Y. Edwin Chan
- Biochemistry Program, School of Life SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Christopher A. Ross
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of NeurobiologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of NeurologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of NeuroscienceJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Stefan M. Pulst
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Russell L. Margolis
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of NeurobiologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of NeurologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Sarah Woodson
- T.C. Jenkins Department of BiophysicsJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Dobrila D. Rudnicki
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of NeurobiologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
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17
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Akçimen F, Ross JP, Liao C, Spiegelman D, Dion PA, Rouleau GA. Expanded CAG Repeats in ATXN1, ATXN2, ATXN3, and HTT in the 1000 Genomes Project. Mov Disord 2020; 36:514-518. [PMID: 33159825 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinocerebellar ataxia types 1, 2, 3 and Huntington disease are neurodegenerative disorders caused by expanded CAG repeats. METHODS We performed an in-silico analysis of CAG repeats in ATXN1, ATXN2, ATXN3, and HTT using 30× whole-=genome sequencing data of 2504 samples from the 1000 Genomes Project. RESULTS Seven HTT-positive, 3 ATXN2-positive, 1 ATXN3-positive, and 6 possibly ATXN1-positive samples were identified. No correlation was found between the repeat sizes of the different genes. The distribution of CAG alleles varied by ethnicity. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that there may be asymptomatic small expanded repeats in almost 0.5% of these populations. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulya Akçimen
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jay P Ross
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Calwing Liao
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Dan Spiegelman
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Patrick A Dion
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Guy A Rouleau
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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18
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Laffita-Mesa JM, Nennesmo I, Paucar M, Svenningsson P. A Novel Duplication in ATXN2 as Modifier for Spinocerebellar Ataxia 3 (SCA3) and C9ORF72-ALS. Mov Disord 2020; 36:508-514. [PMID: 33058338 PMCID: PMC7983901 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The ataxin‐2 (ATXN2) gene contains a cytosine‐adenine‐guanine repeat sequence ranging from 13 to 31 repeats, but when surpassing certain thresholds causes neurodegeneration. Genetic alterations in ATXN2 other than pathological cytosine adenine guanine (CAG) repeats are unknown. Methods/Results We have identified a 9–base pair duplication in the 2‐gene ATXN2 sense/antisense region. The duplication was found in a Swedish family with spinocerebellar ataxia 3 with parkinsonism, conferring a deviated age at onset unexplained by the concomitant presence of ATXN2 intermediate alleles. Similarly, C9ORF72 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis cases bearing the same duplication had earlier age at onset than those with C9ORF72 and ATXN2 intermediate alleles. No effect was evident in Parkinson's disease (PD) cases without known PD gene mutations. Conclusions We describe the first genetic alteration other than the known intermediate‐range CAG repeats in ATXN2. This 9–base pair duplication may act as an additional hit among carriers of pathological nucleotide expansions in ATXN3 and C9ORF72 with ATXN2 intermediate. © 2020 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Miguel Laffita-Mesa
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience (CNS), Neuro Svenningsson, J5:20 Bioclinicum, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Inger Nennesmo
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience (CNS), Neuro Svenningsson, J5:20 Bioclinicum, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Paucar
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience (CNS), Neuro Svenningsson, J5:20 Bioclinicum, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Svenningsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience (CNS), Neuro Svenningsson, J5:20 Bioclinicum, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
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19
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Hansen M, Zeddies S, Meinders M, di Summa F, Rollmann E, van Alphen FP, Hoogendijk AJ, Moore KS, Halbach M, Gutiérrez L, van den Biggelaar M, Thijssen-Timmer DC, Auburger GW, van den Akker E, von Lindern M. The RNA-Binding Protein ATXN2 is Expressed during Megakaryopoiesis and May Control Timing of Gene Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030967. [PMID: 32024018 PMCID: PMC7037754 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Megakaryopoiesis is the process during which megakaryoblasts differentiate to polyploid megakaryocytes that can subsequently shed thousands of platelets in the circulation. Megakaryocytes accumulate mRNA during their maturation, which is required for the correct spatio-temporal production of cytoskeletal proteins, membranes and platelet-specific granules, and for the subsequent shedding of thousands of platelets per cell. Gene expression profiling identified the RNA binding protein ATAXIN2 (ATXN2) as a putative novel regulator of megakaryopoiesis. ATXN2 expression is high in CD34+/CD41+ megakaryoblasts and sharply decreases upon maturation to megakaryocytes. ATXN2 associates with DDX6 suggesting that it may mediate repression of mRNA translation during early megakaryopoiesis. Comparative transcriptome and proteome analysis on megakaryoid cells (MEG-01) with differential ATXN2 expression identified ATXN2 dependent gene expression of mRNA and protein involved in processes linked to hemostasis. Mice deficient for Atxn2 did not display differences in bleeding times, but the expression of key surface receptors on platelets, such as ITGB3 (carries the CD61 antigen) and CD31 (PECAM1), was deregulated and platelet aggregation upon specific triggers was reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marten Hansen
- Department Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.H.); (S.Z.); (F.d.S.); (K.S.M.); (D.C.T.-T.); (E.v.d.A.)
| | - Sabrina Zeddies
- Department Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.H.); (S.Z.); (F.d.S.); (K.S.M.); (D.C.T.-T.); (E.v.d.A.)
| | - Marjolein Meinders
- Department Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam,1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.M.); (L.G.)
| | - Franca di Summa
- Department Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.H.); (S.Z.); (F.d.S.); (K.S.M.); (D.C.T.-T.); (E.v.d.A.)
| | - Ewa Rollmann
- Experimental Neurology, Goethe University Medical School, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (E.R.); (M.H.)
| | - Floris P.J. van Alphen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Hemostasis, Sanquin Research, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands (A.J.H.); (M.v.d.B.)
| | - Arjan J. Hoogendijk
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Hemostasis, Sanquin Research, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands (A.J.H.); (M.v.d.B.)
| | - Kat S. Moore
- Department Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.H.); (S.Z.); (F.d.S.); (K.S.M.); (D.C.T.-T.); (E.v.d.A.)
| | - Melanie Halbach
- Experimental Neurology, Goethe University Medical School, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (E.R.); (M.H.)
| | - Laura Gutiérrez
- Department Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam,1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.M.); (L.G.)
| | - Maartje van den Biggelaar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Hemostasis, Sanquin Research, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands (A.J.H.); (M.v.d.B.)
| | - Daphne C. Thijssen-Timmer
- Department Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.H.); (S.Z.); (F.d.S.); (K.S.M.); (D.C.T.-T.); (E.v.d.A.)
| | - Georg W.J. Auburger
- Experimental Neurology, Goethe University Medical School, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (E.R.); (M.H.)
| | - Emile van den Akker
- Department Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.H.); (S.Z.); (F.d.S.); (K.S.M.); (D.C.T.-T.); (E.v.d.A.)
| | - Marieke von Lindern
- Department Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.H.); (S.Z.); (F.d.S.); (K.S.M.); (D.C.T.-T.); (E.v.d.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-6-1203-7801
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20
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Abstract
Despite identification of many genes causing neurodegenerative diseases in the last decades, development of disease-modifying treatments has been slow. Antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) therapeutics for spinal muscular atrophy, Duchenne muscular dystrophy and transthyretin amyloidosis predict a robust future for ASOs in medicine. Perhaps the most significant advantage of ASO therapeutics over other small molecule approaches is that acquisition of the target sequence provides immediate knowledge of possible complementary oligonucleotide therapeutics. This review article describes the various types of ASOs, their therapeutic use and the current preclinical efforts to develop new ASO treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan-M Pulst
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, CNC Building, 5th Floor, 175 N Medical Drive E, 84132, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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21
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Lu Y, Dai J, Kong N, Liu J, Gong J, Yao Y. Internalization Characterization of Si Nanorod with Camouflaged Cell Membrane Proteins Reveals ATXN2 as a Negative Regulator. Cells 2019; 8:E931. [PMID: 31430912 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The fabrication of shape-controlled nanocarriers is critical for efficient delivery of biomolecules across the cell membrane. Surface coating of the nanocarrier can improve internalization efficiency. Here, we developed a facile method of silicon nanorod fabrication leading to a controlled size and shape. We then systematically evaluated five surface modifications with membrane proteins from different cancer cell lines including MCF7, MD231, Hela, Panc-PDX, and Panc-1. We demonstrated that silicon nanorods coated with either a homolytic or heterolytic membrane protein coating have significantly improved internalization efficiency as compared with uncoated Si nanorods. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of the improved efficiency associated with a modified coating, we analyzed the coating membrane proteins derived from five cell lines with proteomics and identified 601 proteins shared by different cell sources. These proteins may function as cell-substrate adhesion molecules that contribute to the enhanced internalization. We also tested the internalization efficiency of nanorods with different coatings in each of the five cell lines to determine the influencing factors from target cells. We found that the internalization efficiency varied among different target cells, and the ranking of the average efficiency was as follows: Hela > Panc-PDX > MD231 > MCF7 > Panc-1. The bioinformatics analysis suggested that the low internalization efficiency in Panc-1 cells might be associated with the upregulation of ATXN2, which is a negative regulator of endocytosis. We further demonstrated that ATXN2 knockdown with specific siRNA significantly improved nanorod internalization efficiency in Panc-1 cells suggesting that ATXN2 can be a reference for efficiency prediction of nanoparticle delivery to tumor cells. Thus, we studied the effect of different cancer cell membrane proteins on nanorod uptake efficiencies. These results can improve nanorod internalization to cancer cells, including a fundamental understanding of the internalization efficiency of cancer cells.
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22
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Abstract
Background Spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) is an autosomal dominant disorder with progressive degeneration of cerebellar Purkinje cells and selective loss of neurons in the brainstem. This neurodegenerative disorder is caused by the expansion of a polyglutamine domain in ataxin-2. Ataxin-2 is composed of 1312 amino acids, has a predicted molecular weight of 150-kDa and is widely expressed in neuronal and non-neuronal tissues. To date, the putative functions of ataxin-2 on mRNA translation and endocytosis remain ill-defined. Differential splicing with a lack of exons 10 and 21 was described in humans, and additional splicing of exon 11 in mice. In this study, we observed that the molecular size of transfected full-length wild-type ataxin-2 (22 glutamines) is different from endogenous ataxin-2 and that this variation could not be explained by the previously published splice variants alone. Methods Quantitative immunoblots and qualitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) were used to characterize isoform variants, before sequencing was employed for validation. Results We report the characterization of further splice variants of ataxin-2 in different human cell lines and in mouse and human brain. Using RT-PCR from cell lines HeLa, HEK293 and COS-7 throughout the open reading frame of ataxin-2 together with PCR-sequencing, we found novel splice variants lacking exon 12 and exon 24. These findings were corroborated in murine and human brain. The splice variants were also found in human skin fibroblasts from SCA2 patients and controls, indicating that the polyglutamine expansion does not abolish the splicing. Conclusions Given that Ataxin-2 interacts with crucial splice modulators such as TDP-43 and modulates the risk of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, its own splice isoforms may become relevant in brain tissue to monitor the RNA processing during disease progression and neuroprotective therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Lastres-Becker
- Experimental Neurology, Goethe University Medical Faculty, Building 89, 3rd floor, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Present address: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Nonis
- Experimental Neurology, Goethe University Medical Faculty, Building 89, 3rd floor, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Joachim Nowock
- Experimental Neurology, Goethe University Medical Faculty, Building 89, 3rd floor, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Georg Auburger
- Experimental Neurology, Goethe University Medical Faculty, Building 89, 3rd floor, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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23
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Wu C, Cai Q, You H, Zhou X, Chen D, Mo G, Li X. Co-occurrence of ATXN3 and ATXN2 repeat expansions in Chinese ataxia patients with slow saccades. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e663. [PMID: 30920184 PMCID: PMC6565543 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The presence of more than one polyQ‐related gene within a single individual is a rare incidence, which may provide the potential opportunity to study the combined effects of these spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) genes. Methods We retrospectively analyzed genetic data from 112 SCA3 probands and found Patient 1 harbored expanded ATXN2 allele (33 repeats) and intermediate TBP allele (41 repeats), and Patient 2 with intermediate ATXN2 allele (32 repeats). Detailed clinical and oculomotor performances were investigated. The age at onset and oculomotor parameters of both patients were compared with matched pure SCA3 groups controlling either disease severity or CAG repeats. Results Most of the clinical phenotypes and oculomotor characteristics of these two patients were common to typical SCA3 patients. Compared to pure SCA3 groups controlling disease severity, mild reduced horizontal saccade velocity could be detected in both patients. However, mild expansions of the ATXN2 allele seemed to have no influence on the age at onset of Patient 1 but might have a mild impact on Patient 2. Conclusion Our study provides supporting evidence that mild expansions of ATXN2 may have modifying effects on SCA3 phenotype. Larger control series and longitudinal data are warranted to confirm our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wu
- Department of Neurology, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiong Cai
- Department of Neurology, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huajing You
- Department of Neurology, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangxue Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The East Area of the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dingbang Chen
- Department of Neurology, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guiling Mo
- Guangzhou KingMed Center for Clinical Laboratory Co. Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xunhua Li
- Department of Neurology, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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24
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Naruse H, Matsukawa T, Ishiura H, Mitsui J, Takahashi Y, Takano H, Goto J, Toda T, Tsuji S. Association of ATXN2 intermediate-length CAG repeats with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis correlates with the distributions of normal CAG repeat alleles among individual ethnic populations. Neurogenetics 2019; 20:65-71. [PMID: 30847648 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-019-00570-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Intermediate-length CAG repeats in ATXN2 have been widely shown to be a risk factor for sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (SALS). To evaluate the association of ATXN2 intermediate-length CAG repeat alleles with an increased risk of SALS, we investigated distributions of CAG repeat alleles in 394 patients with SALS and 490 control individuals in the Japanese population. In the intermediate-length repeat units of 29 or more, we identified one SALS patient with 31 repeat units and two control individuals with 30 repeat units. Thus, no significant differences in the carrier frequency of intermediate-length CAG repeat alleles were detected between patients with SALS and control individuals. When we investigated the distribution of "large normal alleles" defined as ATXN2 CAG repeats ranging from 24 up to 33 in the Japanese population compared with those in other populations in previous studies, the frequency of large normal alleles was significantly higher in the European and North American series than in the Japanese series. Moreover, these frequencies in the Turkish, Chinese, Korean, and Brazilian (Latin American) series were also higher than that in the Japanese series. These results raise the possibility that the frequencies of large normal alleles in individual populations underlie the frequencies of ALS risk alleles in the corresponding populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroya Naruse
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsukawa
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Molecular Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ishiura
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Mitsui
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Molecular Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yuji Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Takano
- Department of Neurology, Tachikawa General Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Jun Goto
- Department of Neurology, International University of Health and Welfare Mita Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Toda
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoji Tsuji
- Department of Molecular Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan. .,Institute of Medical Genomics, International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba, Japan.
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25
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Rubino E, Mancini C, Boschi S, Ferrero P, Ferrone M, Bianca S, Zucca M, Orsi L, Pinessi L, Govone F, Vacca A, Gai A, Giordana MT, Brusco A, Rainero I. ATXN2 intermediate repeat expansions influence the clinical phenotype in frontotemporal dementia. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 73:231.e7-231.e9. [PMID: 30342763 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Common genetic risk factors are associated with frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Intermediate repeat expansions at the Ataxin-2 locus (ATXN2) are a risk factor for ALS and influence the phenotype. We assessed whether ATXN2 is a risk factor for FTD or modify clinical features in a data set of Italian patients. Three hundred sixty-eight unrelated FTD cases and 342 controls were enrolled. The frequency of intermediate CAG repeats in ATXN2 gene was not different comparing patients and controls. CAG repeats were interrupted by CAA in all patients carrying intermediate repeats. Interestingly, patients with an increased number of CAG repeats had an earlier onset of the disease than those without expansions (p = 0.011), and presented more frequently with parkinsonism (p = 0.010), and psychotic symptoms (p = 0.013) at disease onset. Our study does not support a major role of ATXN2 intermediate CAG expansions in predisposing to FTD but suggests that ATXN2 may act as a phenotype modifier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Rubino
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
| | - Cecilia Mancini
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Silvia Boschi
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Patrizia Ferrero
- Neurology 1, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Marina Ferrone
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Stefano Bianca
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Milena Zucca
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Laura Orsi
- Neurology 1, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Pinessi
- Neurology 1, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Flora Govone
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vacca
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Annalisa Gai
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Giordana
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Neurology 1, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Alfredo Brusco
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Medical Genetics Unit, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, Torino, Italy
| | - Innocenzo Rainero
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Neurology 1, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
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26
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Farhan SMK, Gendron TF, Petrucelli L, Hegele RA, Strong MJ. OPTN p.Met468Arg and ATXN2 intermediate length polyQ extension in families with C9orf72 mediated amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2018; 177:75-85. [PMID: 29080331 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We have ascertained two families affected with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in which they both carry a hexanucleotide repeat expansion in the C9orf72 gene, specifically in individuals who also presented with frontotemporal dementia (FTD) or behavioral variant FTD (bvFTD). While some reports attribute this phenotypic heterogeneity to the C9orf72 expansion alone, we screened for additional genetic variation in known ALS-FTD genes that may also contribute to or modify the phenotypes. We performed genetic testing consisting of C9orf72 hexanucleotide expansion, ATXN2 polyglutamine (polyQ) expansion, and targeted next generation sequencing using the ONDRISeq, a gene panel consisting of 80 genes known to be associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as ALS, FTD, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and vascular cognitive impairment. In addition to the C9orf72 expansion, we observed an ATXN2 polyQ intermediate length expansion, and OPTN p.Met468Arg in patients who exhibited ALS and FTD or bvFTD. We conclude that the C9orf72 expansion likely explains much of the ALS-FTD phenotype; however, inheritance of these additional variants likely modifies the disease course and may provide further evidence for biologically relevant oligogenic inheritance in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sali M K Farhan
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tania F Gendron
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | | | - Robert A Hegele
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael J Strong
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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Sproviero W, Shatunov A, Stahl D, Shoai M, van Rheenen W, Jones AR, Al-Sarraj S, Andersen PM, Bonini NM, Conforti FL, Van Damme P, Daoud H, Del Mar Amador M, Fogh I, Forzan M, Gaastra B, Gellera C, Gitler AD, Hardy J, Fratta P, La Bella V, Le Ber I, Van Langenhove T, Lattante S, Lee YC, Malaspina A, Meininger V, Millecamps S, Orrell R, Rademakers R, Robberecht W, Rouleau G, Ross OA, Salachas F, Sidle K, Smith BN, Soong BW, Sorarù G, Stevanin G, Kabashi E, Troakes C, van Broeckhoven C, Veldink JH, van den Berg LH, Shaw CE, Powell JF, Al-Chalabi A. ATXN2 trinucleotide repeat length correlates with risk of ALS. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 51:178.e1-178.e9. [PMID: 28017481 PMCID: PMC5302215 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We investigated a CAG trinucleotide repeat expansion in the ATXN2 gene in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Two new case-control studies, a British dataset of 1474 ALS cases and 567 controls, and a Dutch dataset of 1328 ALS cases and 691 controls were analyzed. In addition, to increase power, we systematically searched PubMed for case-control studies published after 1 August 2010 that investigated the association between ATXN2 intermediate repeats and ALS. We conducted a meta-analysis of the new and existing studies for the relative risks of ATXN2 intermediate repeat alleles of between 24 and 34 CAG trinucleotide repeats and ALS. There was an overall increased risk of ALS for those carrying intermediate sized trinucleotide repeat alleles (odds ratio 3.06 [95% confidence interval 2.37-3.94]; p = 6 × 10-18), with an exponential relationship between repeat length and ALS risk for alleles of 29-32 repeats (R2 = 0.91, p = 0.0002). No relationship was seen for repeat length and age of onset or survival. In contrast to trinucleotide repeat diseases, intermediate ATXN2 trinucleotide repeat expansion in ALS does not predict age of onset but does predict disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Sproviero
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, UK
| | - Aleksey Shatunov
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, UK
| | - Daniel Stahl
- Department of Biostatistics, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Maryam Shoai
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Wouter van Rheenen
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ashley R Jones
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, UK
| | - Safa Al-Sarraj
- Department of Clinical Neuropathology, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Peter M Andersen
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Nancy M Bonini
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Philip Van Damme
- Neurology Department, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Disease (LIND), KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hussein Daoud
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maria Del Mar Amador
- Department of Nervous System Diseases, ALS Paris ALS Center for Rare Diseases, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié Salpêtrière, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Isabella Fogh
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, UK
| | - Monica Forzan
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Ben Gaastra
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, UK
| | - Cinzia Gellera
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Aaron D Gitler
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - John Hardy
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Pietro Fratta
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Vincenzo La Bella
- ALS Clinical Research Center, Bio. Ne. C., University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Isabelle Le Ber
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMRS1127, Paris, France; AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Centre de Référence des Démences Rares, Departement de Neurologie, Paris, France
| | - Tim Van Langenhove
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Insititute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Serena Lattante
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMRS1127, Paris, France
| | - Yi-Chung Lee
- Department of Neurology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Andrea Malaspina
- North-East London and Essex MND Care Centre - Neuroscience and Trauma Centre, Blizard, Institute of Cell and Molecular Medicine, Barts & the London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Vincent Meininger
- Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, institut de recherche translationnelle en neurosciences (A-ICM), Paris, France; Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, réseau SLA IdF, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Millecamps
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMRS1127, Paris, France
| | - Richard Orrell
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Rosa Rademakers
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Wim Robberecht
- Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Disease (LIND), KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guy Rouleau
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Owen A Ross
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Francois Salachas
- Department of Nervous System Diseases, ALS Paris ALS Center for Rare Diseases, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié Salpêtrière, APHP, Paris, France; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMRS1127, Paris, France
| | - Katie Sidle
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Bradley N Smith
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, UK
| | - Bing-Wen Soong
- Department of Neurology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Gianni Sorarù
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Stevanin
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMRS1127, Paris, France; Neurogenetics team, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Paris, France
| | - Edor Kabashi
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMRS1127, Paris, France
| | - Claire Troakes
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, UK
| | - Christine van Broeckhoven
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Insititute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jan H Veldink
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Leonard H van den Berg
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Christopher E Shaw
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, UK
| | - John F Powell
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, UK
| | - Ammar Al-Chalabi
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, UK.
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Zhang M, Xi Z, Misquitta K, Sato C, Moreno D, Liang Y, Slow E, Rogaeva E, Tartaglia MC. C9orf72 and ATXN2 repeat expansions coexist in a family with ataxia, dementia, and parkinsonism. Mov Disord 2016; 32:158-162. [PMID: 28124431 DOI: 10.1002/mds.26841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intermediate interrupted ataxin 2 (ATXN2) alleles (27-33 CAG-repeats) increase the risk for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and are reported as modifiers in chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9orf72) carriers, rendering susceptibility to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis rather than frontotemporal lobar degeneration. The clinical presentation of C9orf72 patients with pathogenic ATXN2 alleles (≥35 CAG-repeats) is unknown. METHODS Blood samples were collected from a family affected by ataxia, dementia, and parkinsonism, but not amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Mutation analyses of the proband included C9orf72 and 14 ataxia genes, followed by segregation analyses in family members. RESULTS Both affected siblings carry an uninterrupted 37-repeat expansion in ATXN2 and a methylated G4 C2 -repeat allele in C9orf72 that is typical of large pathogenic expansions. CONCLUSIONS The CAG-expansion in ATXN2 likely caused the ataxia, whereas the dementia may be linked to both C9orf72 and ATXN2 repeat expansions. The pathological uninterrupted ATXN2 repeat may not have the same modifying effect as intermediate interrupted alleles. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhengrui Xi
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karen Misquitta
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christine Sato
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Danielle Moreno
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yan Liang
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Slow
- Krembil Neuroscience Center, Movement Disorder's Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ekaterina Rogaeva
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maria Carmela Tartaglia
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Krembil Neuroscience Center, University Health Network Memory Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, Ontario, Canada
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29
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Wen J, Scoles DR, Facelli JC. Effects of the enlargement of polyglutamine segments on the structure and folding of ataxin-2 and ataxin-3 proteins. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2016; 35:504-519. [PMID: 26861241 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2016.1152199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) and type 3 (SCA3) are two common autosomal-dominant inherited ataxia syndromes, both of which are related to the unstable expansion of trinucleotide CAG repeats in the coding region of the related ATXN2 and ATXN3 genes, respectively. The poly-glutamine (poly-Q) tract encoded by the CAG repeats has long been recognized as an important factor in disease pathogenesis and progress. In this study, using the I-TASSER method for 3D structure prediction, we investigated the effect of poly-Q tract enlargement on the structure and folding of ataxin-2 and ataxin-3 proteins. Our results show good agreement with the known experimental structures of the Josephin and UIM domains providing credence to the simulation results presented here, which show that the enlargement of the poly-Q region not only affects the local structure of these regions but also affects the structures of functional domains as well as the whole protein. The changes observed in the predicted models of the UIM domains in ataxin-3 when the poly-Q track is enlarged provide new insights on possible pathogenic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingran Wen
- a Department of Biomedical Informatics , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA
| | - Daniel R Scoles
- b Department of Neurology , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA
| | - Julio C Facelli
- a Department of Biomedical Informatics , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA
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30
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Chiò A, Mora G, Sabatelli M, Caponnetto C, Lunetta C, Traynor BJ, Johnson JO, Nalls MA, Calvo A, Moglia C, Borghero G, Trojsi F, La Bella V, Volanti P, Simone I, Salvi F, Logullo FO, Riva N, Carrera P, Giannini F, Mandrioli J, Tanel R, Capasso M, Tremolizzo L, Battistini S, Murru MR, Origone P, Zollino M, Penco S, Mazzini L, D'Alfonso S, Restagno G, Brunetti M, Barberis M, Conforti FL; ITALSGEN consortium., SARDINIALS consortium. ATNX2 is not a regulatory gene in Italian amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients with C9ORF72 GGGGCC expansion. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 39:218.e5-8. [PMID: 26733254 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There are indications that both familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and sporadic ALS phenotype and prognosis are partly regulated by genetic and environmental factors, supporting the theory that ALS is a multifactorial disease. The aim of this article was to assess the role of ATXN2 intermediate length repeats in a large series of Italian and Sardinian ALS patients and controls carrying a pathogenetic C9ORF72 GGGGCC hexanucleotide repeat. A total of 1972 ALS cases were identified through the database of the Italian ALS Genetic consortium, a collaborative effort including 18 ALS centers throughout Italy. The study population included: (1) 276 Italian and 57 Sardinian ALS cases who carried the C9ORF72 expansion; (2) 1340 Italian and 299 Sardinian ALS cases not carrying the C9ORF72 expansion. A total of healthy 1043 controls were also assessed. Most Italian and Sardinian cases and controls were homozygous for 22/22 or 23/23 repeats or heterozygous for 22/23 repeats of the ATXN2 gene. ATXN2 intermediate length repeats alleles (≥28) were detected in 3 (0.6%) Italian ALS cases carrying the C9ORF72 expansion, in none of the Sardinian ALS cases carrying the expansion, in 60 (4.3%) Italian cases not carrying the expansion, and in 6 (2.0%) Sardinian ALS cases without C9ORF72 expansion. Intermediate length repeat alleles were found in 12 (1.5%) Italian controls and 1 (0.84%) Sardinian controls. Therefore, ALS patients with C9ORF72 expansion showed a lower frequency of ATXN2 polyQ intermediate length repeats than both controls (Italian cases, p = 0.137; Sardinian cases, p = 0.0001) and ALS patients without C9ORF72 expansion (Italian cases, p = 0.005; Sardinian cases, p = 0.178). In our large study on Italian and Sardinian ALS patients with C9ORF72 GGGGCC hexanucleotide repeat expansion, compared to age-, gender- and ethnic-matched controls, ATXN2 polyQ intermediate length does not represent a modifier of ALS risk, differently from non-C9ORF72 mutated patients.
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31
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Abstract
Declining brain and neurobiological function is arguably one of the most common features of human aging. The study of conserved aging processes as well as the characterization of various neurodegenerative diseases using different genetic models such as yeast, fly, mouse, and human systems is uncovering links to non-coding RNAs. These links implicate a variety of RNA-regulatory processes, including microRNA function, paraspeckle formation, RNA–DNA hybrid regulation, nucleolar RNAs and toxic RNA clearance, amongst others. Here we highlight these connections and reveal over-arching themes or questions related to recently appreciated roles of non-coding RNA in neural function and dysfunction across lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirk Szafranski
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Karan J Abraham
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Karim Mekhail
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada ; Canada Research Chairs Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada
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32
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Lu HP, Gan SR, Chen S, Li HF, Liu ZJ, Ni W, Wang N, Wu ZY. Intermediate-length polyglutamine in ATXN2 is a possible risk factor among Eastern Chinese patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurobiol Aging 2014; 36:1603.e11-4. [PMID: 25457026 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
An effective treatment for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) has not yet been found because the pathogenesis of this fatal disease is not well understood. A number of previous studies demonstrated that intermediate-length polyglutamine repeats within the ataxin-2 gene (ATXN2) might be a risk factor among patients with ALS in Western countries. Here, we aim to determine whether this sequence is a risk factor in Eastern Chinese ALS patients. Therefore, 379 unrelated sporadic ALS patients, 15 unrelated familial ALS patients, and 900 neurologically normal controls were studied. The ATXN2 CAG repeats were amplified using polymerase chain reaction. The products were separated on an 8% polyacrylamide gel and confirmed using Sanger sequencing. The results were evaluated using SPSS 17.0. We found that ATXN2 intermediate-length polyglutamine expansions greater than 24 and 27 repeats were associated with sporadic ALS. Our finding supports the hypothesis that ATXN2 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Peng Lu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Neurology, Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University, Jinhua, China
| | - Shi-Rui Gan
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hong-Fu Li
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Liu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wang Ni
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Ying Wu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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33
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Soong BW, Lin KP, Guo YC, Lin CCK, Tsai PC, Liao YC, Lu YC, Wang SJ, Tsai CP, Lee YC. Extensive molecular genetic survey of Taiwanese patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurobiol Aging 2014; 35:2423.e1-6. [PMID: 24908169 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Identification of genetic mutations has been of burgeoning importance in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in recent years. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and spectrum of mutations in major ALS-causing genes in a Taiwanese ALS cohort of Han Chinese origin. Mutational analyses of the SOD1, TARDBP, FUS, OPTN, VCP, UBQLN2, SQSTM1, PFN1, HNRNPA1, and HNRNPA2B1 genes were carried out by direct sequencing in 161 unrelated patients with ALS, including 30 with familial ALS (FALS) and 131 with sporadic ALS (SALS). The CAG repeat size in ATXN2 and the GGGGCC repeat expansion in C9ORF72 of the patients were also investigated. Mutations were identified in 33 patients (20.5%, 33/161), including 22 with FALS and 11 with SALS. Mutations were identified most frequently in SOD1 (7.5%). Three mutations are novel, including SOD1 p.G10A, SOD1 p.D83N, and OPTN p.L494W. These findings broaden the spectrum of ALS-causing mutations and are indispensable for designing optimal strategies of mutational analysis and genetic counseling of ALS for patients of Chinese origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Wen Soong
- Department of Neurology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kon-Ping Lin
- Department of Neurology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Cherng Guo
- Department of Neurology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chou-Ching K Lin
- Department of Neurology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chien Tsai
- Department of Neurology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chu Liao
- Department of Neurology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Lu
- Department of Neurology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shuu-Jiun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Piao Tsai
- Department of Neurology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Chung Lee
- Department of Neurology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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34
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van Blitterswijk M, Mullen B, Heckman MG, Baker MC, DeJesus-Hernandez M, Brown PH, Murray ME, Hsiung GYR, Stewart H, Karydas AM, Finger E, Kertesz A, Bigio EH, Weintraub S, Mesulam M, Hatanpaa KJ, White CL, Neumann M, Strong MJ, Beach TG, Wszolek ZK, Lippa C, Caselli R, Petrucelli L, Josephs KA, Parisi JE, Knopman DS, Petersen RC, Mackenzie IR, Seeley WW, Grinberg LT, Miller BL, Boylan KB, Graff-Radford NR, Boeve BF, Dickson DW, Rademakers R. Ataxin-2 as potential disease modifier in C9ORF72 expansion carriers. Neurobiol Aging 2014; 35:2421.e13-7. [PMID: 24866401 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 04/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Repeat expansions in chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9ORF72) are an important cause of both motor neuron disease (MND) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Currently, little is known about factors that could account for the phenotypic heterogeneity detected in C9ORF72 expansion carriers. In this study, we investigated 4 genes that could represent genetic modifiers: ataxin-2 (ATXN2), non-imprinted in Prader-Willi/Angelman syndrome 1 (NIPA1), survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1), and survival motor neuron 2 (SMN2). Assessment of these genes, in a unique cohort of 331 C9ORF72 expansion carriers and 376 control subjects, revealed that intermediate repeat lengths in ATXN2 possibly act as disease modifier in C9ORF72 expansion carriers; no evidence was provided for a potential role of NIPA1, SMN1, or SMN2. The effects of intermediate ATXN2 repeats were most profound in probands with MND or FTD/MND (2.1% vs. 0% in control subjects, p = 0.013), whereas the frequency in probands with FTD was identical to control subjects. Though intermediate ATXN2 repeats were already known to be associated with MND risk, previous reports did not focus on individuals with clear pathogenic mutations, such as repeat expansions in C9ORF72. Based on our present findings, we postulate that intermediate ATXN2 repeat lengths may render C9ORF72 expansion carriers more susceptible to the development of MND; further studies are needed, however, to validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bianca Mullen
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - Matthew C Baker
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ging-Yuek R Hsiung
- Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Heather Stewart
- Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Anna M Karydas
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Finger
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew Kertesz
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eileen H Bigio
- Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sandra Weintraub
- Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Marsel Mesulam
- Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kimmo J Hatanpaa
- Department of Pathology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Charles L White
- Department of Pathology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Manuela Neumann
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Tübingen and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael J Strong
- Molecular Brain Research Group, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas G Beach
- Civin Laboratory for Neuropathology, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, USA
| | | | - Carol Lippa
- Department of Neurology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ian R Mackenzie
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - William W Seeley
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lea T Grinberg
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kevin B Boylan
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | | | | | - Rosa Rademakers
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
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